ʻO kekahi o nā moku kāmela ma ke awa o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā kumu he nui haneli. Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā manu ma luna o ka pō ma ka moku ʻo Vitus Bering, e holo nei ma ke awa o Kholmsk.
Wahi a nā mea pili o ke kaiāulu, ma ka pō ke hiki i ka mea hao ke huki i ka mālamalama ma luna o kahi moku. Ua pae lākou, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana hou no ko lākou ʻano anatomical. Pahu ka mīkini a lele, lele i luna o ke kai, lele i loko o ka wai a lele lele i ka lewa mai kona ihu, akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i ka ʻāina a hiki ʻole ke noho kūʻokoʻa mai laila. No ka hana i kēia, pono lākou ma luna o ka wai a i ʻole kekahi ʻano puʻu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke kahe o ka makani.
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻona kaiāulu i ka papa, akā ua ʻike ʻia kahi palapala ma nā pūnaewele kaiāulu e pili ana i nā mea kau a nā poʻe kau ma ke keʻa a hōʻolo i nā manu i loko o ka wai, he hiki ʻole ke hee ma luna o ka ʻāpana no ka hopu ʻole i kekahi o nā manu. Ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma o nā moʻolelo o nā mea nānā maka mua, he nui nā manu i make i ka wā e hana ana i ka hana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā haneli he nui ma luna o ka moku.
- ʻO nā haneli he mau manu ma ka Pōʻakahi i hoʻoiho ʻia, i ʻike ʻole ia i ka mālamalama a i kau ʻia ma ka mākeke. Ua ʻike wau i kēia hana, e like me kaʻu mau hoa makaʻāina, ma o ke wikiō i hoʻohele ʻia ma nā pūnaewele ʻoihana. Ua kākau ka mea kākau i pehea e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā manu, neʻe i ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka mea ʻike maka, i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻomaka ana ke hoʻouka ʻana a lawe ʻole i nā hana mai ka manu ʻana, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole i ka pā mai nā manu. A ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ke komo i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona. He maʻalahi ke ala i waho i kēia kūlana - e kiola wale iā lākou i ka wai. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa moana iaʻu, aia kahi ʻano like me ka hoʻopakele ʻana o kaʻu mau hoa i nā huakaʻi wai kai he mau haneli like me ia, ʻoiai aia ka mea i kēlā me kēia. Ma muli o ke ʻano anatomical, hiki i nā mea kēkē ke ʻoki i luna o ka wai a hoʻomau i ko lākou ala. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke wehe i kā lākou iho, "wahi a Alexander Ivanov, ka luna hoʻomalu o RIA Novosti o ka ʻĀina Waiwai Green Green.
Ua noi aku nā kaiāulu i nā kaiāulu i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka West Seaport e ʻae ʻia ma luna o Vitus Bering, ʻaʻole naʻe he pane.
ʻAʻole kākau ʻia ka mākeke hina i loko o ka Red Book, no laila, e like me nā kaiāulu, ʻo ke Kuhina kūloko o Ecology i kuleana e komo i loko o ke kūlana, nona ka kuleana e lawe i nā hana pale, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe mea lawelima e pili ana i nā mea e hana ai i ia mau hihia i ka hui e pale ai i ka make o nā manu.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke ho'ōla i nā manu inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea a pau i loko o ka wai. Manaʻo wau e hana pono i kēia poʻe me ka poʻe o ka moku a hiki i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka lawe mua ʻana o ka moku, "ua maopopo ʻo Alexander Ivanov.
ʻO keʻano maʻamau
Me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā māka o ka ʻohana Petrel nā pahu o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka beak. Ma o kēia mau hamama, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā paʻakai moana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka beak i kīpī ʻia a lōʻihi, me kahi welau a me nā kihi. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka beak e ʻae ai nā manu i paʻa i ka mea palupalu, me ka iʻa.
ʻO nā nui o nā peʻa petrel e holo ikaika loa. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōhiki liʻiliʻu e kekahi penikala liʻiliʻi, ʻo kona lōʻihi kino ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka hapalua mika me nā ʻēheu o 50-60 cm, a me ke kaupaona ma waena o 165-170 g.
Hōʻike ʻia nā mea kūʻokoʻa e nā petrels nunui e like me ke ʻano o nā albatrosses liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ke kino o nā pākeke he nui i mua o ka mika, me kahi ʻēheu a hiki i ʻelua mau mika a me ke paona i ka laulā o 4.9-5.0 kg.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻAno kūpono nā ʻelele ʻelemakule holoʻokoʻa a pau ʻole, akā ʻokoʻa loa i nā ʻano holo like ʻole.
He keʻokeʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā ʻano a pau o ka ʻohana, no laila ke ʻano maʻalahi a ʻano maʻalahi nā ʻano o nā ʻohana a pau o kēia ʻohana. ʻO ke kānāwai, hiki i nā mea paʻakikī ke paʻakikī i ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i waena o nā ʻano like like.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka paʻakikī o kaʻokoʻa e ka lewa ma muli o ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moe ʻia i ka manu. Noho maikaʻi nā wāwae o ka manu, no laila, e noho ma ka ʻāina, ke hoʻohana ke kō i kona mau ʻēheu a me ka umauma me ke kākoʻo hou.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hui
ʻO ka ʻohana petrel (Prosellariidae) ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻohana he ʻumikumamāhā a me ka ʻumikumamāhā. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ʻia ka Fulmarinae subfamily e nā manu me kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka lele. Loaʻa ka ʻai i nā papa nui loa loa, a no kona hoʻokipa e noho ana ka manu ma luna o ka wai. ʻAʻole kūpono nā mākaukau o nā subfamily no ke neʻe ʻana:
- petrel piula (Macroesthes),
- naaupo (Fulmarus),
- Kekahi Antartika (Thalassois),
- Nahenahe (Dartion),
- hoke leʻa (ragodroma),
- keke kahakaha (Nalobaena),
- nā kohola manuʻa (Raschirtila),
- Kerguelen typhoon (Lugensa),
- typhoon (PTerodroma),
- ʻO Pseudobulweria,
- Seʻi topona ʻo Mascarene (Pseudobulweria aterrima),
- mau pahu lāʻau kūʻai (Wulveria).
Hōʻike ʻia ka Puffininae subfamily e nā manu i ke ʻano o kahi holo hoʻolālā hoʻolālā.
I ka holo ʻana o kēlā lele, lele pinepine i nā ʻēheu a lele i ka wai ke kahuli. Hiki i nā manu o kēia subfamily ke holo maikaʻi maikaʻi mai ke kauwela a i kahi noho paha paha:
- petrel wahie (Prosellaria),
- Hāmuka Kaimana (Rocellaria komohana)
- gasel hōʻano (Calonestris),
- penikala maoli (Ruffinus).
He hoihoi kēia! ʻOiai ka ʻano nui o nā ʻano nui, ʻelua wale nō nā holoholona hihiu i ko mākou ʻāina - fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) a me nā petrel lahi (Salonstris leucomelas).
ʻO ka ʻohana Petrel ka mea waiwai loa i ka nui o nā ʻano a me kekahi ʻohana ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo o ka tubopod.
ʻO Habitat, noho
ʻO ka māhele a me ka noho ʻana o nā mea kīʻaha e hilinaʻi pololei ʻia i nā ʻano o ka manu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO Stupys nā manu o ka wai ʻākau i hoʻohele ʻia me ka circumpolarly. E ʻike ʻia i nā mokupuni ʻo ʻAmelika ma nā moku ʻākau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo Franz Josef Land o Greenland a me Novaya Zemlya, a hiki i nā mokuna o nā Pelekane o Pelekane, a ma ka moana Pakipika, ua huli nā manu mai Chukotka a i ka mokupuni ʻo Aleutian a me Kuril.
He hoihoi kēia! Ite kaulana ʻo ka manu nūnū i ka poʻe lawaiʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao i ke kūkulu hema, ka mea e hahai mau ana i nā moku a hoʻopiha i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i ke kahakai ʻo Antarctica a i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā nīnika kuʻuna mau a me nā mokupuni o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, a ʻike ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka Moana Pakipika i nā wahi mai nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi a Kaleponi. ʻO nā palaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mania e pili ana i nā wahi mokupuni o Bass Strait, a me nā wahi o Tasmania a ma waho o ke kahakai o Australia Hema.
ʻO Giant petrel he kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā kai i loko o ka ʻekepono kūkulu hema. ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano ʻānela e hūnā i nā nāhelehe o ka South Shetland a me Orkney, a me ka Malvinas Islands.
Paleka meaʻai
Nā ʻōmole, a me nā ʻekehē, e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano āpau ʻē aʻe e holo kokoke i ka lehelehe. Ke pono, hana kēlā mau manu i nā maki pōkole. ʻO kahi hapa nui o nā wahiʻa nunui e hoʻopau i kahi nui nui o ka squid. ʻO Albatrosses, me nā kumukūʻai aniani a me nā ʻōleʻa nunui e ʻai ana mai ka wai o ka wai i emi pinepine i ka wai ma ka wai.
I ka pō, makemake nui nā manu e ʻai i nā ʻōpala, e piʻi nui ana i ka nui o ka wai, a i ke ao e kā ai ke meaʻai kula i ka iʻa ma ke kula, ʻōpala mai nā moku a me nā ʻano kālai. ʻO nā penikala kila paha nā mea wale nō o ka pipe-noses i hiki ke hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka nalo o nā penguins ʻōpio a ʻai i nā manu ʻōpio.
Pahu a keiki
E like me ke kānāwai, ke hoʻi aku nei nā ʻōpiopio i nā kahua kanu maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻoi loa lākou.. ^ E Ha yM. Nui ka hoʻokūkū ikaika ma nā wahi ākea ma nā ʻāpana nui a manuahi e noho ana ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi.
Ma nā kahakai ma waena o nā alapine kaila, he nui nā hanana, a ʻo nā manu ʻaʻole i hakakā wale, akā ke uē pū a kāhea nui hoʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano he ʻano maʻamau o nā manu e hoʻāʻo nei i ka pale i kā lākou ʻāina.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā manu manuahi kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ākea ma waena o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole. Eia kekahi, makemake nui nā albatrosses e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka papa, a laila kūkulu i kahi lepo a me nā mea kanu embankment. ʻO nā nūnū kuʻi pololei i nā palahalaha, a i ka pae o ka lepo, akā he hapa nui o ia mau mea, me nā ʻōkaha peni, hiki ke ʻeli i nā kuʻuna kūikawā i ka lepo maʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā maoli no ka nui o ka nui.
He hoihoi kēia! Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hua puaʻa i kona ulu kūlohelohe, lele ka lua o ka makua i ka molt i ke kai, kahi i ka wā o ka pōloli e hoʻoiho nui ai nā manu.
Mālama pinepine nā manu i ka mālama ʻana i ka honu no nā lā he nui, aʻo ka wahine hānai i ke kai a hele i ka hānai regenerative. ʻAʻole hānai nā manu i hoʻohui ʻia kekahi i kekahi, akā e hoʻohuli i ka hua i ka hua 40-80 mau lā. ʻO nā moa i hānau ʻia i ka wā mua i ʻai i nā meaʻai momona a me nā momona i loko o ke ʻano o nā meaola i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻano mea kanu manu.
Kūleʻa nui nā pipi a Petrel, no laila ua pākena lākou, a hiki ke mālama ʻia e nā mākua no kekahi mau lā. Hoomaka ka hapanui o nā ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi e lele ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a ʻo nā ʻōnaʻi nui i holo lākou i ko lākou holo mua ʻana ma kahi o 118-120 mau lā.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Ma ka hōʻea i nā poʻe e kipa aku ana i nā nest manu, he liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ka pilikia kūikawā ka skuas o ka Polar Hema, e hoʻomoe nei i nā ahe manu a hiki ke ʻai i nā moa moa. ʻO ka hapanui o nā petrels e pale aku iā lākou iho mai ka hoʻoweliweli hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kiko o ka gastric i kahi lōʻihi loa.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻO nā penikala maʻamau he mau lōʻihi lōʻihi, ma ka nahele, hiki i ka makahiki o ke ʻano o ia manu e hele a hiki i ka hapalua o hoʻokahi mau makahiki a keu paha.
I kekahi mau holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka welmar, he ʻano a he ʻano hopohopo paha, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke kaʻina holo. Hoʻopau ʻia ka wai o ka wai o ka wai fetid ma kahi o ka mika, me ka hana pololei. ʻO ka poʻe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manu liʻiliʻi e komo pū ai i ke kahu hipa, me nā kiʻī a me nā pōpoki i lawe ʻia i ka mokupuni.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kahi ʻohana haleʻaila ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻelele, akā i ka nui o ka lehulehu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻo nā manu he nui a manu nui. ʻO ko lākou heluna ma Atlantika e pili ana i 3 miliona, a ma ka Moana Pakipika - e pili ana i ka 3.9-4.0 miliona mau kānaka. Hoʻololi ka huina o ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka ʻāpana Antarctic ma waena o 10-20 miliona, a paʻa ka nui o ka honua o ke kōkela heʻe ma kahi o ʻelua miliona.
ʻO ka nui o ka pānaʻi aniani ma ka mokupuni ʻo Kerguelen ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 100-200 tausani mau pālua, a ma nā mokupuni o Crozet a me Prince Edward he mau ʻumi kaukani o nā pālua o kēia ʻano. Ma mua, hoʻopale wale ʻia ka mea pio no ka penikala Mediterranean ma Italia a me Farani wale nō, akā ʻo kekahi mau kolu manu e pale ʻia ma nā mokupuni e kokoke ana ma Corsica.
Currently, i loko o ka waeʻano o ka pohihihi, a miomio laha 'ana o ka' ohana Procellariiform nā Balearic shearwater (Ruffinus mauretanisus) Rozovonogy shearwater (Ruffinus sreatorus), Trinidad petrel (Rterodroma arminjoniana) White petrel (Rterodroma Alba), The Madeira petrel (Rterodroma madeira), Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichesis) a me kekahi mau mea e ae.