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Ua lilo ka mea kaulana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e nā Netherlands no nā mea kūleʻa like ʻole i ka pena kiʻi ʻana i ka hana, nā kūkulu moku, ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano māla. A mahalo nui loa lākou i kēia ʻāina no ka hoʻohele ʻana, ʻo ia nā luina o ka mokuʻāina i aʻo i ka kuke ʻana i ka iʻa a ua lilo ia i mea kūpono no kahi pāʻina aliʻi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ia manaʻoʻiʻo, akā no ka manawa lōʻihi i manaʻo ʻia ka heʻe ʻoi loa ka iʻa.

Ode i ka nuku

E ʻōlelo kekahi: "E noʻonoʻo wale nō, he iʻa ʻano puaʻa pū kekahi. Maikaʻi, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻopaʻapaʻa, akā ʻaʻohe mea kūikawā "- a e hewa ʻole ia. ʻO Herring kahi kumu maikaʻi loa o nā huamina A, D a me B12, waiwai i nā momona momona a pono pono no ke olakino. Kino, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke hana kuokoa nei iā lākou, a pono i kēia mau waʻa i ka meaʻai o nā mea a pau e hoʻāʻo e alakaʻi i kahi ola olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nīnū momona momona a ʻoi loa ka nui o nā kalaka ma mua o ka loina haʻahaʻa, a me nā pono o nā Omega-3 fatty acid i loko o kēia iʻa he mau manawa he nui. Hoʻonui ka nui o kēia mau pale i ka pale ʻana i ke kino kūʻē i nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a me nā kui, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kuleana no ka hoʻomohala a me ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi o ke kino (no laila, ʻo nā waikawa Omega-3 kahi mea pono i ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana o kā mākou mau keiki).

ʻO ka lolo o ke kanaka he 60 pakeneka ka momona, a ʻo nā Omega-3 momona momona ka waihona no ka liʻiliʻi he 30 pakeneka. ʻO kēia mau mea like i pale aku ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke koko.

ʻO Herring (inoa Latin "clupea") he iʻa o ka ʻohana herring, e ulu ana a he 50 kenimika a he pilina pilina maoli me ia ka pua, nā puna a me nā puna. ʻO ka genus o ka puaʻa ka mea iʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau ʻano iʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ke kai o ka mahana a me ka anu, a me kekahi ʻaoʻao i ke kahe wela. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe he moana a komo ʻole i ka wai kahe, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka iʻa migratory a komo i nā muliwai no ka spawning. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou ʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi (ka hapa nui o nā copepods), akā komo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Herring i ke ʻano o kona ola ma nā hohonu hohonu. Hoomoe ko kona ulu ana i ka makahiki a me nā wahi ma nā wahi like ʻole. Ua loaʻa i nā kuʻu puaʻa nui i ka hohonu o 130 - 220 mika, nā kuʻuna liʻiliʻi kokoke loa i ke kapakai, i kekahi manawa 2 mau mika mai ka wai wai, a i ʻole pinepine ma nā wahi paʻakai o ke kai. No ka hakilima, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka pipi i nā kula kolosal, i kekahi manawa koʻikoʻi ke kūʻiʻo ke kaomi o ka iʻa i lalo i ka wai.

E pīhoihoi wale, iʻeono mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ke noʻonoʻo he kūpono nā kolo manu no ka meaʻai. Ka hoʻomau mau nei i ka aʻa o ka iʻa a me kona ʻawaʻawa i waiho ʻia kekahi manawa kūpono e hoʻohuli i kēia iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka milo kekahi o nā iʻa momona loa, no laila e hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia ʻo ia me ka wikiwiki, no ka mea pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ʻia ʻo ia ma hope o ka hopu ʻana. Mai kēia mai, he makā hou, mai kahi waʻa, ʻai ʻia ka kahu hipa i nā kūlanakauhale kahakai wale nō. Pehea i pālahalaha nui ai ka ʻōleo.

ʻO ka ʻāina paionia o kēia ʻano kai no Holland. A me ka hoʻowalewale o kahi ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā iʻa, kahi e mālama ai ia i kona ʻono a hoʻoilo i kāna mau hemahema liʻiliʻi, nona ka lawaiʻa maʻalahi mai ke kūlanakauhale o Bierflit ma nā Dutch Flanders, ʻo Willem Jacob Beikeltson, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Beckel. ʻO ia ka mea, ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ʻeono haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka makahiki 80 o 14 mau makahiki, i hele mai me ka poʻe i hope: ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, nā iʻa e kaupaʻa ana mai ka 50 a 70 mau kaleka ka ʻāʻī, ua lawe ʻia nā mea kanu, waiho i nā pancreas i loko, a waiho i loko o nā pā me ka maʻemaʻe, kāwī ʻia me nā ʻāpana paʻakai. Loaʻa iā Herring i kona ʻono ʻokoʻa i ka lā aʻe a me kēia ʻano hana hiki ke mālama ʻia no nā makahiki. A hiki i kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻōlani Lede maikaʻi loa i nā ʻāina āpau o ʻEulopa Hema i kapa ʻia ʻo "beckling" (i hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Beikelzon) a ʻokoʻa ka ʻona mai nā ʻano ʻehā a pau, huki ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole (akā, i like me nā ʻano like like ʻole) ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a ua like pū me nā ʻano like ʻole. nā ʻano ʻaihue - Scottish, Norwegian, Icelandic. Ma hope o kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1397, ua kūkulu ka hale pule aloha i ka ʻaha iā ia. ʻO kēia lā ka halepapa o kēia lawaiʻa maʻalahi he wahi o kahi "haipule" no nā kānaka he nui. E kipa aku kāna mau hoaaloha a me nā malihini mākaʻikaʻi iā ia, e hāʻawi ana i ka mahalo no ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i ka honua i kahi ʻano like ʻole no ia mea leʻaleʻa, akā ma ka manawa like me ka mālama maikaʻi.

Pēlā ke ʻano o ka paakai ʻana i ka pipi, i ʻōlelo ʻia e Beikelzon, e hoʻonani a hoʻonani iā ​​ia i ka wā mua ma Holland, a ma ʻEulopa. I ka 1390, ua pā ka pahu mua me ka paʻakai i ka papaʻaina o nā Dutch Dutch maʻamau. A ʻaʻole liuliu ʻo Holland i kāna "pūʻali koa" i ʻEulopa. Ua lilo ʻo Herring i mea waiwai nui. Akā i hiki aku iā Rūsia i ka makahiki 15, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16 ua kūʻai ʻia e nā tausani he mau peʻa, a ke noho nei i ka kenekulia 17. Ua lilo ʻo Herring i mea nui o ka papa nui (me ka ʻuala ʻū) o ka papa ʻaina Lūkini.

ʻAʻole i hānai ʻia ʻo Herring i nā ʻano leʻaleʻa maikaʻi - nā kānaka maʻamau, nā lawaiʻa, nā lawaiʻa, nā lawaiʻa, a me nā poʻe ʻilihune maikaʻi. Ma hope mai, ʻo "ke kīʻaha maka", ua neʻe kekahi puaʻa i nā papa elite, kahi i hānai ʻia me nā solidgons a me nā meaʻīwī. Pale nui lākou a hāʻule i ke aloha me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻano ʻāina i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole wale nō ma Holland, akā nō naʻe, i Polani, ʻEnelani, Rusia, etc.

Noho ʻo Herring i kahi wahi kūikawā ma ka kaona o Holland i nā makahiki 17. ʻOiaiʻo ia, ua mahalo ʻia i ka hoʻopio ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hele mai ʻo Amsterdam i ke alakaʻi nui i ke kālepa kālepa Europa. "Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Amsterdam ma nā iwi kau pipi." Inā hoʻokala ʻo Renaissance i ka ʻuhane, a laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ke ʻano kuʻu i ka ʻoihana. ʻO ke ola nui o Joseph de Bry "ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka Herring" (Dresden, 1656) (Bray, Josef de (? - 1664)) i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka mele himeni ʻo Jacobi Westerban (Jacobi Westerbani Minne-Dichten, Harlem, 1633). Eia kāna unuhi maoli:

E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pua ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai, maʻemaʻe ia. ʻOi, momona a lōʻihi ʻAno ʻole poʻo Neʻoki ʻoki ʻia ma ka ʻōpū a me hope, Me ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili. Lawe ʻia nā mea ʻike ʻole Kaʻa a iʻa paha ma luna o ke ahi. Mai poina e pili ana i ke kakaka, A ma mua o ke ahiahi Hele i ke koena o ka lā Kai ʻai. A i kēia ʻāpana, Ua like ka nui o ka berena pāmu, ʻAi ʻia ka berena Rye. ʻO ka lāʻau maikaʻi ʻAʻole hiki iā Teriak Pēlā kūpono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. ʻO Sip, maikaʻi loa ʻo ia a laila, Bred a Harlem pia A i ʻole mai nā ʻaina Delft, Lawe ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi Kūpono, launaʻi a lohi. E inu hou i ke kakahiaka. A inā he manaʻo ʻinoʻino ʻoe A ʻo ʻoe e wehe ai, he wailua, e kahe ana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohou hou a hauʻoli hou. A ho'ōla mai nā Kavesa, Hiki mai ke poʻo A neʻe lākou i ka umauma a me nā niho. A kōkua i ke kākau pololei, A poop i ka manawa, A ʻo ka makani āna i heʻe ai E koi ana i ka meaʻai a me ka inu. Pehea a pehea ia Ke ʻai nei kekahi kanaka i ka ʻaina paʻakai me ka leʻaleʻa, ʻOi aku kahi maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi kanaka outlandish a nani Hoʻololiʻo ia i kāna guts me nā mea mālama.

I kēia manawa, hopu ʻia ka herring me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tragl pelagic, mau ʻupena, nā ʻupena kahe. ʻO ka hopu pālahalaha ʻana i ka pua ʻaina e hōʻea i nā ʻāpana kālā he nui.

ʻO ka paʻakai Dutch nā hopu manu i hopu ʻia ma luna o nā moku, kahi i haki ai i nā pā o ka paʻakai. Noho aneane ola nā heihei pipi (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lawe ʻia kāna mau gills), i waiho ʻia i loko o nā pā hale a hoʻololi ʻia me ka paʻakai. E hoʻi hou ana ka moku i ka home ma hope o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o nā paila i ka piha me nā leʻa. Hāpai nā Scots i nā hale waihona puke āpau ma kahakai i ka lā lawaiʻa. Eia, komo ka iʻa i ka hana paʻakai, kahi e kuke ʻia ai ma nā ʻano like ʻole me ka Netherlands. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka maiʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻaʻā ke koko, e like me ka wā o ka pickling o nā huaila ola. I kēia hihia, ʻike ʻia ka kahu hipa i ka keʻokeʻo a me ka leʻaleʻa o ka ʻai. Hana ʻia ka ʻelele hala o Herring ma ʻEkalakia me ka paʻakai maloʻo i loko o nā pā me ka ʻole o ka hamo. I Nūlani, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kue i ka neʻe ʻana o ke alahaka ma waena o ke poʻo a me ka ʻala ma lalo o nā kahe, ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia. Ma muli o ka hana pinepine e lawaiʻa ʻia e nā kai lawaiʻa nui e kāohi ana i nā fjords (paʻa kai) a hoʻokomo ka iʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū e piha ana i ka meaʻai, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka herring Norwegian, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Kaulana kaulana ka poʻe holani ma nā wahi āpau o ko lākou ao no ka pololei o ka hana kolohe ʻana, no ka mea ʻoi mai nā gourmets mai nā ʻāina a pau maʻEulopa. ʻO ka wili wahine Dutch maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo maatjes haring - "kaikamahine hoʻohemohe" a "wahine hānai", ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi i hoʻolei i ka hua ma mua o ka hopu ʻia ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka huli ʻana i ka pua ʻaina wahine i ka hopena o Mei, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka "kahiki", ka mea i hoʻohanohano ʻia nei ma Holland e nā ʻano lawaiʻa kūikawā - ʻo ka moku ka mea e lawe mua i ka lanakila. Ua kūʻai aku ʻia nā "kaikamahine hū" mai ke "barela mua" mai ke kalepa no ka loaʻa kālā keu (ʻo kahi pahu i kēia lā a hiki i $ 60,000). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i kahi "puʻupaʻa" hou mai nā pā hale ʻē aʻe ma nā kihi o Amsterdam a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa, e uku ana ia i kahi penikala, kūʻai aku lākou iā ia mai ke kīkī i kau ʻia ma luna o ke kāleka, me nā ʻoliki, a kāwelu ʻia, keʻokeʻo ʻulaʻula a me ka aila ʻaila. Hoʻopaʻa maoli ka Dutch "kaikamahine hānai" i loko o kou waha e like me ka ʻili hau palupalu.

ʻO Norewani, he poʻe moana like me ka Dutch, ua ʻāpono pū kekahi. Ua ʻōlelo mua ka mea kākau Norwani Martin Andersen-Nexe ʻo Norewai he hana maʻamau i ka ʻai ʻana i ka hipa he 21 mau manawa i kēlā pule (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻekolu mau manawa i kahi lā). A ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia: maʻa hiki iā ʻoe ke lawelawe maʻalahi i ka kahu hipa no ka ʻaina kakahiaka, e ʻono me nā ʻano anana a me nā ʻono keu. Ke kaulana nei ka herring Norwegian no kāna ʻatikala nui loa a me kāna ʻike momona momona - ma ka US US mua, ua hele mai ia i nā pale ma lalo o ka inoa maopopo ʻole o ka "hall polar". ʻO ka mea kākau ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo Alexander Dumas makuakāne: ʻo "manawa manawa" he loea lapaʻau a me ka hakiʻeke, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole he ʻastier herring ma mua o Norman herring. ʻO ka mea nāna i kākau i ka Kumuhana Nui Culinary a me nā mea mahalo nui o ka moʻomeheu, ua hōʻike ʻo Dumas i kahi ʻano kuʻuna haʻahaʻa me kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Gallic: "Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Herring i nā mea a pau. E ʻōlelo hou aku ʻoi loa: ʻaʻole ka poʻe like ʻole iā ia ... I ke ao a me ka pō hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā ʻōlima puʻu manu me nā ʻoniʻoni āpau o ke anuenue, e like me kahi anuanu maikaʻi ʻole o nā Iudaio kahiko. I ka pō - e ka pūnoho e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e lākou, a ma ke ahiahi - e ka poʻe hipa iʻa ʻia e nā ʻano ʻai iʻa, ke kai mai ka manawa o ka hohonu i ka moana hohonu a piʻi aʻe i luna me ka uila kālā ma kāna ʻoka. "

Hoʻomaopopo ka Danes i nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka hoʻoili manu ʻana, a lawelawe i kona hoʻopiha piha ʻia i loko o ka wai waina - ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea "materia" like ʻole e kuke ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻai i ka honua. ʻIke ʻia nā poli e ʻai i ka pipi me ka aila linseed, nā aniani a me ka vodka, nā Pelekane e kālai iā ia i ka aila ʻaila a inu me ka pia ...

ʻO nā papa kuʻi ʻinihi kaulana loa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ka mea i ʻaumaha ʻia "nā kīlona maloʻo", hiki ke ʻoki i ka pua nani a i ʻole ʻia i loko o ka wai waina, a hiki iā ia ke mincemeat a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻōpala. ʻO Forshmak (i ​​ka unuhi unuhi "ma mua o kahi kīmaha") ka hoʻohanohano o ka papa ʻaʻai Iudaio, kahi ʻono hoʻonoʻu o ka ʻalabi ʻaʻu i pulupulu i loko o ka waiū a i ka waiū paha, a hui ʻia me ka palaoa, nā hua a me nā hua manamana. Nui nā hiʻohiʻona nui o forshmak i ka mōʻaukala, a, e like me ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea mālama e mālama ʻo ia ʻo kēia ʻāpana. He hoʻoilina ʻo Rolmops i ka moʻomeheu līlika Kelemānia ʻAmelika, ʻo kēia pā kupanaha he ʻāpana hou (a ʻoi aku ka hou i ka momona - ʻaʻohe pono maoli) paʻakai, uhi ʻia a puni me ka kukama i kālai ʻia a kuke me kēia kukuna prosaic ma loko o ka wai momona. Lawelawe ʻo Rolmops me ke kāwī o nā ʻano kuʻena a pau ʻole a i ʻole mau panana.

Ke aloha nei ka poʻe Soviet, ma ke ʻano, aloha nui iā ia me ka aloha nui ʻana - no ka mea, ʻo ia kekahi o nā huahana liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka manawa ke kūʻai lilo ʻia aku i ke kālepa ma nā hale kūʻai. Ma Lūkini, ua ʻaihue ʻia ka herring i loko o ka "coat" kālena, hoʻohui ʻia i nā vinaigrettes, a i ʻole ia e lawelawe ʻia ma ka papa me nā ʻuala i hoʻomoʻū ʻia, ʻūpala, kahi puna o ka pākīkī a me nā apo o ka palaka, ʻo ka ʻala ʻino. Ua paʻakikī no kahi kanaka Lūkini, no ka hapa nui loa i mamao o nā kai a me nā kai, e noʻonoʻo i ka puʻu, huli, he mea hiki ke paʻā wale nō, akā he hou nō hoʻi. Eia kekahi, ma kēia ʻano, hiki i ka herring ke hauʻoli nui i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā kiʻi mai ka manawa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke kuke pololei. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻohemo mālie i ka lehelehe - mai hoʻāʻo iā ia e kau i loko o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana i loko o kahi kīʻaha a waiho ma ka papakū o ka pākī. Mai ka pipi momona hou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i ka pepeiao maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kāwili iā ia i loko o ka palaoa a me ka pīpī i ka pata, a ʻo ʻoe nō e kūī i ka lei kelepona.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, paʻakai, hoʻohuʻu a ʻohi manu paha kekahi o ka demokratika a ma ka manawa like nā kīʻaha gourmet. E hana mau ana ia mea nui. Me ka papa ʻaina ʻeleʻele a me ka kukama, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka herring i kahi ʻaʻai maʻamau, a me ka ʻuala ʻia - ʻo ia kekahi o nā kīʻaha kaulana loa i waena o nā poʻe. Aia ʻiʻo kahi wahi kuʻi no ka papa ʻaina.

ʻO ke kau ʻana i ka puʻu maikaʻi i luna o ka papaʻaina he ʻano hana. Māhā, kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano nui, a i ʻole ka paʻakai ʻia i loko o ka paʻakai pinepine ka nui o ka paʻakai, no laila, ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kekahi mau manawa me ka palau ʻia. No kēia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka waiū, akā kūpono ka ʻalī ʻaʻa a me ka wai. Inā makemake ʻoe e kāhāhā i kāu mau mea aloha a hana i kekahi mea ʻokoʻa mai ka paʻakai paʻakai, hoʻokolohua me nā hoʻopiha piha a me nā pā, no ka mea, me ka mayonnaise. A me kaʻaila momona, hele maikaʻi ia me ka ʻōholo paʻaluma - mai poina e hoʻohui wale i kahi kōhune liʻiliʻi, ka wai lemon a me ka pālahalaha. Lawe ka Herring i kahi ʻono kūikawā inā ua ʻono ʻia me ka pua nani. Pehea ʻoe e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka iʻa paʻakai āu i kūʻai ai? Hoʻohālike ʻia ka paila piha ʻana me ka hoʻonaninani like ʻole, ka ʻiʻo makika a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, kahi ʻono maikaʻi, ʻono maikaʻi ʻole wale nō iā ia. He pākaʻi ʻia ka pā paʻakai ma waena o ka paʻakai paʻakai (mai ka 12-114% pāpaʻi paʻakai), paʻakai pāwili (8-12% pāhi paʻakai) a paʻakai liʻiliʻi (6-8% paʻakai paʻakai). ʻO ka momona o ka paʻakai Atlantika liʻiliʻi (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 12% momona) ʻike ʻia ka momona. ʻAi ʻia ka pipi ʻōpala i nā palupalu a me ka wai momona ma mua o ka paʻakai. Hāʻawi nā ʻano kikoʻī a me nā mea ʻono kūikawā i ka ono a me ka ʻono. Ma ke ala, e ʻai pono ai ʻo ka Dutch iā lākou iho me nā papa keʻokeʻo, ʻīwī ʻia me nā aniani i kā ʻia ʻia, a holoi ʻia me ka pia, a i ka wai kīnā ʻole ʻāpono a Zhenever. ʻO ka lawena Dutch ʻo ia ke kolo, ka wai wai lemon, pepa, kāloti, lavrushka, ka ʻala a me ka pepa i hoʻohui ʻia i ka puʻu hou, a he mea nui loa ia e hoʻokaʻawale aku i ka iʻa, hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau lā paha e lawa ai ka pua kuʻu i ka hopena kūpono loa!

ʻO ka hopena, ke lawe nei au i kou nānā i ʻelua mau paʻi maʻalahi mai ka lehelehe (ʻike paha ʻoe i nā ala he nui e kuke ai i ka salehaloke kaulana ʻia "ʻālio ma lalo o kahi huluhulu hulu."

ʻLelo ʻekahi:
1 herring, 150 g pata, 2 mau kāleka kāwili, 3 kāloti liʻiliʻi. Peel herring, hoʻokaʻawale mai nā iwi, hānai kāloti a me nā ʻili. A laila hoʻohemo i ka pua ʻaila, kāloti, pata, ka moa i loko o kahi mea ʻala ʻaina a iʻa hoʻi i loko o kahi kāwili. Hiki i ka laulā herring hua hopena e pālahalaha ma luna o ka palaoa, nā hua momona ... wehe i kāu noʻonoʻo!

Hōʻike lua (no nā poʻe makemake i nā meaʻai meaʻai):
Peel herring, hoʻokaʻawale mai nā iwi a ʻokiʻoki, kāpī i ka nui o ka ʻoliki a waiwai i ka ʻākala a i ʻole ka wīwī waina e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻawaʻawa a hāʻawi i ka momona kuono. Hoʻohui i ka nati me ka herring, e hoʻohui i ka kaloti i hoʻopau ʻia ma Korean. ʻAno hoihoi!

ʻO ka māhele o ka hoʻoili a me ka waiwai kumuhana

Nui ka poʻe ʻike i ka ʻai he iʻa iʻa. He nui na poe i ka Honu, Caspian, Baltic a me na kai he nui. Loaʻa ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lawe ʻia ʻo Herring a hiki i ke kahakai ʻo Greenland.

Kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻuhane he ʻano ʻano nui nā wai āpau. K momona ʻia i kēia iʻa ika waiwai nui, no ka laʻana, ka Danube a me Don.

No ka nui o nā ʻāina i komo i ka moana, he mea nui ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻana no ka lawoʻa i ka ʻoihana. I nā wahi kūlohelohe o kēia iʻa, ke ʻike pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moku triki Russian a me Norewai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻohana a me nā ʻano ʻano

Nui loa ka ʻohana herring. He like kino like kona mau lālā a pau - elongated a ʻeleʻele ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka maʻa ʻili he mea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa haʻahaʻa. ʻ coloredleʻele ʻia nā poli ma mua o ke kino kālā. ʻO kekahi mea kuʻuna o ka ʻohana ka moʻomeheu maʻamau.

Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano iʻa i pili i kēia ʻohana ma ka makahiki 188. Ma ke ʻano he, subspecies kekahi. Ma waena o nā subspecies o ka leʻa i loaʻa i kā mākou papa, nā mea maʻamau:

• atlantic and pacific herring,
• hemo
• Danube
• Puaʻa Baltic.

Hoʻokahi like nā subspecies ʻelua no ia mea ʻaʻole kēlā me kēia lawaiʻa i mākaukau i kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o ka Pakipika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pua puaʻa me ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ka Danube, ma ke kilokilo he 5-7 mau iʻa, akā he momona ia a waiwai ʻole. Aia kekahi ʻo Don, akā kūʻai nui ʻia a ʻai koke i nā wahi e hopu ai, e like me ke Kaiʻula. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pōhaku kai i ke kai.

Hoʻohana ʻaoʻao

Hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa puaʻa e hana i nā meaʻono ʻono, salads, pastes. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea hoʻouluulu mai ia mea no ka flounces, pancakes, profiteroles. ʻO ka pua ʻū, ʻoki ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻae ʻia e lawelawe kūʻokoʻa no ka ʻawaʻawa ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka iʻa e mālama ʻia me nā waina keʻokeʻo.

He kūpono kēia iʻa i ka kuke ʻana i nā meaʻai like ʻole o ka pā kuke ʻanā o Asia, no ka laʻana ʻo "He" salad. ʻO ka caviar kaulike waiwai a me ka waiū o kēia herring, he awelika o 217 kcal no 100 g.

ʻO Herring kekahi o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e, ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, e paʻa ana i nā kūlana ma ka papa inoa gourmet. ʻO ka hiki ke kuke i ka hīnaʻi momona maikaʻi e manaʻo ʻia he mea nui a hōʻike ʻia no ka kuke o kēlā me kēia pae.

Nā Manaʻoaka

Eia paha kēia ka mea maʻamau ka maʻamau. ʻO ka iʻa ʻāpala paʻakai he hoʻohui kūpono ia i nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao o ka ʻuala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke paakai i ka iʻa holoʻokoʻa, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana kūpono me ka ʻāpana a me nā iwi. Hoʻopili wale ke kūlana. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻili i ka brine.

No ka paʻakai ʻana i hoʻokahi kilo o ka ʻaila āu e pono ai iā 2,5 tbsp. la l paakai. ʻAʻole koi ʻia e hoʻohana i ka paʻakai o ka wīwī i "extra", ʻaʻole no ka pua ʻaa, ʻaʻole hoʻi no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Akā, kūpono ke kahakai kūpono. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka eline a me ka ʻelele maloʻo.

Inā makemake ʻoe i nā mea ʻala, e hoʻohui i 5 mau pepa, nā lau o nā lau bay maʻa, 3 nā ʻōpio i ka brine.

E holoi i ka lehelehe, waiho i loko o kahi kīʻī, kāpīpī ʻia me ka paʻakai ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau. Hāʻawi i kahi lā inā makemake ʻoe e liʻiliʻi iki ʻia. Inā hoʻolālā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka brine, hoʻohui i ka 600 ml wai a me kekahi hapa kīwaha o ka paʻakai. Paipai ʻia kekahi poʻe e hoʻohui i ka 1 tsp. ke kōpuka, akā eia kēia koho. E hoʻoikaika ke Sugar i ka ʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e makaʻu i ka ʻono ʻono, ʻaʻole ia.

Pickling herring

No kēia maʻa no kēia, ʻano kūpono nā ʻano like ʻole: herring, saury, mackerel, herring. E hoʻolapalapa i kahi lita o ka wai, hoʻohui i 2 tbsp. la l wīwa, kahi ipo o ka cardamom, 0,5 tsp. ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, 4 ʻōpio, 3 mau lau bay, 2 tsp. ke kō a me 1 tbsp. la l paakai. I ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana o ka wai moana, e hoʻopiha i ka iʻa, uhi a hoʻokuʻu iā 8-12 mau hola.

ʻO kaʻu mau mea ʻoi aku a me kaʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka moʻo puaʻa palaoa

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka puaʻa ʻai i loko o kahi ʻano hana i hana ʻia ʻole ʻia. A e pili ana i nā hoʻohenehene. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke kō i kēia iʻa, akā nāona hou, ʻaʻole paʻakai. He mea kūpono ia ke ʻike ʻole nei nā ʻano momona like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaila ʻia i kuke ʻia ma ka lāʻau. ʻO kēia kahi koho maikaʻi loa i ka mackerel ʻoi aku ka nui. E kāʻei i ka iʻa, ʻīpī ʻia me ka kāwī o ka paʻakai a me ka pepa i waho a i loko o ka ana aniani, e pīpī me ka wai lemon a waiho i kahi mau hola. Hoʻopili i ka pipi kuala ma ka moʻauao ʻole a ma ka pala o ka hue ʻana, ke kāohi ʻia ʻana i ke ahi mai kahi ahi ʻole mai. ʻO ka hala ʻana o ka wai ʻula ʻulaʻula a me kahi hue gula o ka ʻona he hōʻailona mau nō ke mākaukau.

Herring Hoʻohui

ʻOi maikaʻi ka iʻa lau Herring ma ke ʻano braised. A ʻo kahi ʻuala ʻala maikaʻi loa ia e lilo i mea hoʻohui nui no ka moʻo i palupalu, ka ʻu maloʻo, ka pīhoihoi o ka pīpī a i ʻole ka pasta.

E ʻokiʻoki i ka pipi i nā ʻāpana 2 cm mānoanoa, waiho i loko o kahi pāikii i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻoliki. E ninini i kahi hui o ka aila o ka lula ʻia a me ke kīwī ikaika. Hoʻohui i nā mea ʻala, paʻakai. Simmer no 40 mau minuke. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna aku i ka kalaka ma loko o ka umu - ʻo ka manawa kuke ka hapalua hola. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ai i ka herring, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke piha me kēia koloa.

ʻO nā pae like o nā huahana penei:

• 0,5 kg o nā iʻa
• 2 keʻa,
• 0.3 tbsp. aila
• 1 tbsp. Kāwī kikī ʻāwī (hiki me bergamot a prunes paha),
• paʻakai - 0,5 tsp.,
• pepa e hoʻāʻo ai
• kahi mea ʻaiʻala o ka uala ʻala, turmeric - pono ʻole, e hāʻawi i kahi pale.

Wehe male

ʻO ka moʻomeheu paʻakai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kīʻaha a me ka huikala, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke luhi i ka nui o nā kuʻi aloha. Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka paʻakai ʻana i ka pipi, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ia e kuke i kēia iʻa i kahi ʻano maloʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hāmeʻa maikaʻi āu e hoʻohana ai no ka paʻakai. Ma hope o kahi lā, e hoʻoneʻe i ka iʻa, e holoi me ka wai, e hoʻomo. Hoʻoweliweli i ke kupapaʻu a i ʻole hana i ka puncture ma o ka maka e hana i ka māka. Holo ma luna o ka pākaukau, ma luna o ka paukū i hoʻopili ʻia. Pono ke ahi. E huli i ka popo a waiho i ka iʻa no hoʻokahi hola. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, e hana hou i ke kaʻina a hiki i ka iʻa kahi e makemake ai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ka lawenaʻa he iʻa ʻoʻa launa, e aʻo ʻia e kau ʻole ʻia ma luna o ke apo, akā ma waena o lākou, e kau ana i kahi ipu no ka wai o ka wai ma lalo o ka iʻa.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaloʻo i kahi paʻakikī a loaʻa ka makana nui no kahi pia. A i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke palu liʻiliʻi, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻai i ka maʻamau elastic. ʻO ka poʻe noho o nā hale pilikino me ka manawa e pau ai i ka hoʻooheʻe i loko o ka uahi o ka pahu ahi e loaʻa i kahi huahana maʻamau ke ʻano me ka ʻono nui i hoʻolaha ʻia.

Uahi a ma ka home

Malia paha o ka hopena e hiki mai ana e loaʻa maoli paha iā ʻoe? ʻO ka iʻa lawring home-no i ke kumu ʻole o ke ʻoki a ka smokehouse i kūʻai ʻia. Mai hopohopo, ʻaʻohe pono ʻoe e hōʻili i ka wahie a hoʻopunipuni i kou poʻo me ka paipa e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka uahi. ʻO nā mea āpau āu e pono ai aia paha i kou lima.

E holoi a maloʻo i ka pua ʻelua, ʻoki i ka fillet ma nā alaloa. ʻO ka paʻakai, ka pepa a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka manawa kēia.

E hohola i kahi ʻāpana o ka foil ma kahi o 30x30 cm ka nui ma mua o kou a pīpī i ke kikowaena he mea aniani o nā lau maloʻo: ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha me kahi huaʻai a me ka pua pua. E kāpīpī iā ia i loko o kahi kīʻaha, e kuʻi iā ia me ka lāʻau kui ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka pā maloʻo nui. Palapala a hoʻomaka i ka mahana ʻana. I ka wā e puka mai ai ka mahu momona, e kau i kahi pōpoki ma luna kahi i hoʻomau ai nā kīnani i ka pūpū me ke kō. Hoʻopili a hoʻōki i kahi mau minuke 20.

He waiū lau a me ka caviar

Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau huahana i ka pulp. ʻO ka waiū a me nā caviar ka iʻa, pulehu, a maloʻo, akā he nui ka poʻe e manaʻo ʻaʻole he mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka paʻakai, hoʻōla maikaʻi a kau i ke one me ka pata. Inā ʻoe a ʻohi a i nā pua kuʻu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna i nā caviar a me ka waiū i ka pickle like (marinade) e like me nā kalana.

Pehea e lawelawe ai i ka moʻomeheu?

ʻO wai nā iʻa e kūpono loa i nā ʻuala i ka mea ʻalaʻula rustic a i ʻole nā ​​ʻuala ʻōpala me nā greens a i ʻole kaʻaila? ʻO nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao mai kēia mea ʻai kiki i kēia mea.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka paʻakai a ʻili ʻia me ka pipi a me ka palaoa kelala ka mea kaulana loa. Ua ʻae like kēia iʻa me ka pua a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. ʻO nā kāwili homemade, sauerkraut a me nā ʻalihi cask he mau malihini kulu no hoʻi ka pua.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo Herring, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano o kona noho ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka ʻoliona Atlantika, maikaʻi loa i kona ʻono, nā mea i kāhea mai ke kahakai ʻo Norewai, Holland a me ʻIlani, ʻo ia ke kūlana maikaʻi loa no kāna ʻalaʻala, ke kumu nui o ke ʻano o ka ʻalā wai. Ua loaʻa ka poʻe like o kēia mau ʻano huaʻu i nā inoa kūpono "Norwegian", "Dutch" a me "Icelandic". He leʻaleʻa maikaʻi lākou, ka hoʻoluʻu, nā ʻai paʻakai a me nā mea hoʻoneʻe manu.

No nā pua e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻāpana o Rūsia, ʻo ka mea nui loa ka nui o ka "mōʻī kamaliʻi" a hale pule paha. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo iki ʻia e kāna ʻano ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa he "ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele". Loaʻa ia ma ke kai Caspian, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 36 cm a loaʻa nā momona o 20%. ʻAʻole like me nā hua hipa Caspian ʻē aʻe (ʻo ka waiwai liʻiliʻi i ka momona), he ʻiʻo nō ia a ʻai ʻia ka paʻakai. ʻO ka pua ʻaina i hopu ʻia i loko o ke kai hema o Rūsia, ʻo ka puaʻa ʻaʻa Azov-ʻeleʻele, a me nā ʻano ʻelua ʻelua, ʻo Danube a me Kerch, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻono maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kāna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, paʻakai ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Pacific (Far Eastern herring). ʻO ia (ʻo ia wale nō ka huaʻōlelo o ka puʻu) hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ka momona - a hiki i ka 33%, akā i ka wā o ka wā o ka momona e hiki ai i ka "leanest" hoʻokahi - loaʻa i ka 2% momona (ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻahaʻa.) Akā, ma muli o ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai o ka ʻai, ʻo ka huahana nui loa.

Wahi a ka ʻike paʻakai, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻili o ka paʻakai paʻakai - ʻo ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai mai 7 a 10%, ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai mai 10 a 14% hoʻi a ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai ma mua o 14%. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka paʻakai, hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i ka hopena paʻakikī me ka paʻakai, a hoʻoneʻe iki ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi o nā huina o kāna mau protein, nā momona a me nā hoʻihoʻi mai ka hana ʻana i kahi kūlana qualitative ʻano ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ia, loaʻa i ka iʻa paʻakai ka ʻono kahi ʻono a me ka momona. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he ʻala. ʻOi aku ka pili o nā hāmeʻa a me ka ʻulepule o ka Pākīpika i nā hopena.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka herring (ma muli o ka mea hou a me ka ʻano o ka ʻiʻo) hiki ke kūpono i ka pae 1 a 2 paha. ʻO ka lawehala ʻana i ka papa 1 ka momona i ka ʻiʻo i ka ʻona, ʻaʻohe wahi o ka ʻili. E loaʻa paha ka hūnā i ka papa lua ma kahi ʻala ʻona ma muli o ka momona momona, he ʻili ke ʻula ʻula, ʻūwīwī paha, ʻāwī ka ʻōwili o ka ʻiʻo a maloʻo (akā naʻe ʻaʻole palupalu!), Hiki paha kekahi pōʻino i ka ʻili o ke kino (me ka waimaka nui) )

Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hūnā ʻana i ka papa o ka papa ʻelua, inā he liʻiliʻi ka paʻakai, inā paha he pathogens, no ka mea hoʻomau ʻia kā lākou hoʻolālā i ka paʻakai paʻakai o 10 i 15%. Inā mālama ʻia kēlā pua manu i ka hopena paʻakai-paʻakai, a laila ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻopakele i ke kūlana, no ka mea kuʻi ka ʻōpala a me ka mea hū i ka vīnega. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e lawe i kēlā iʻa.

Herring is a species of fish from the herring her (lat. Clupeidae). Ke kino, hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia, me ka'āpana serrated o ka ʻōpū. He loli a nui paha ke kaulike, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kū ka ʻāʻī luna ma luna no ka mea haʻahaʻa. Māmā ka waha. ʻO nā niho, inā kekahi, he keʻokeʻo a hāʻule i lalo. ʻO ka paukū hele me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a heʻuʻuku hoʻi ma mua o 80 mau hihi. Dorsal hope ma luna o ka ʻōpū. Cifalcated ka moni caudal. Aia kēia ʻano i kahi o nā ʻano he 60, maʻamau i loko o ke kai wela a me ka nui o ke kai, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ma ke anu. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe he moana a komo ʻole i ka wai kahe, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka iʻa migratory a komo i nā muliwai no ka spawning. Hōʻī ʻia ʻo Herring i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi he mau pakanui liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka moʻomeheu

Hoʻolomo maʻalahi ka herring i ke kino a he kumu maikaʻi loa ia o ka protein, ua loaʻa pū kekahi i ka nui o ka phosphorus, iodine, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, fluorine. ʻO 100. g ka iʻa a hiki i ka hapalua o ka lawe ʻana i ka protein o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka iʻa momona, e like me ka salmon a me nā puaʻa paha, hāʻawi i ke kino i ka liʻiliʻi he 2 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka iʻa keʻokeʻo.

ʻAʻole e like me nā pīpī saturated o nā kumu o nā holoholona, ​​nā faturatur unsaturated mai i ka iʻa e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ia nā omega-3 fatty acid i loko o nā iʻa e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi o nā clots koko i loko o nā kīʻaha koko, a e hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka kahe o ke koko i nā capillaries. Maile nui ka iʻa no ka makuahine e kali ana.

Mālama ʻia ka momona ʻōpala piha i ka momona o 25%, e pili ana i ka 20% protein, mau huaora B12, PP, a me nā. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hoʻomoʻa herring me nā kumine amino koʻikoʻi.

Aia nā hōʻike e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻaihue i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka psoriasis, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike a me ka hana ʻana o ka lolo. Loaʻa i ka iʻa kai kahi paʻakikī o nā huaora, ma ka nui o ka waiva D. ʻO ka aʻa o ka iʻa 5 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea aila huʻu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia i ke kolamu koko. ʻO nā momona i loaʻa i ka loko o nā iʻa e waiwai me nā huaora A a me ka D. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa o ka iʻa i loaʻa nā huaora B, nā mea i kōkua i ke kino e hoʻomoʻa i nā protein.

Hōʻike ka haʻawina ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻike i loko o ke kino o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "cholesterol maikaʻi" - lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe, ka mea, ʻaʻole e like me "kolesterol maikaʻi", hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hōʻemi o ka atherosclerosis a me nā maʻi cardiovascular.

Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻo Lindquist ʻo ka momona o ka puaʻa e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā mea momona o adipocyte, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi o ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻamau. Hōʻemi hoʻi ka Herring i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o nā huahana oxidation i loko o ke kaila koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia nā antioxidants.

ʻO kēia mau manawa hou a nui hou aʻe nā mea e hōʻike nei e ʻai ana i nā iʻa lauʻaʻai (salmon, mackerel, herring, sardines a me nā code) mālama i ka hoʻōla. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā hana momona o omega-3, he mau hopena e kū ana i ka anti-inflammatory, a me ka magnesium. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua loaʻa nā poʻe me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka magnesium i ko lākou mau kino i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka maʻi hika.

ʻO nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, nāwaliwali o ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā mea ʻeha o ka ʻaʻo

Pono e hoʻohana pono me ka ʻōlohelohe, no ka mea paʻakai ka huahana. Hiki i hoʻokahi grama paʻakai paʻakai e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka 100 mililika o ka wai. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe ʻia i ka lawehala i ka poʻe me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka edema, ka maʻi ʻona.

No laila, ʻo ka pipi ʻōpio paʻakai i loaʻa nā 6.3 ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai, a me ka paʻakai momona he 14.8 mau pākahi no 100 g o nā huahana. Ke kūpaʻa nā ʻili a me nā kīʻaha koko me ka sodium klorida, nui ka wai e hele ana i loko o ke kino, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā kaumaha o nā mea āpau. Hoʻomaka ka naʻau e hana me ka ukana nui loa, a me nā keiki i ka pale ʻana i ka wai nui a me ka paʻakai. No laila, mai hōʻino pinepine mau i ka hoʻohemo ʻana i nā poʻe olakino.

Nui ka poʻe e like me ka paʻakai ʻoi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole nā ​​mea a pau e kuke ʻia. ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū aʻoaʻo kaulana ʻo Natalya Kim e haʻi iā ʻoe pehea e hana ai i kēia kīʻī i ke wikiwiki a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka mea hiki.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu

Herring ʻO ka inoa maʻamau kekahi o nā ʻano iʻa no ka ʻohana kahu. Loaʻa lākou a pau i ka waiwai kūʻai, a ua hopu ʻia ma nā wahi nui.

Ua paʻi iki ke kino ma hope aku, a ua uhi ʻia me nā paona nui a i ʻole.

Ma ka poʻeʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula paha, aia kahi pāpaona i waenakonu.Hoʻopuka pololei ka waihona kikowaena ma lalo o laila, a he wahi ʻē aʻe ma ka hope caudal.

Ma ka ʻōpū, ka kala, ma ke ʻano waena i hoʻoilo i ke kuʻekuʻe, ka mea o ko lākou mau unahi i kuhikuhi ʻia.

He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka herring, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi paha. I ka awelika, ulu ia ma 30-40 cm. Ma kahi o ke ola e hiki ai ke ulu a hiki i 75 cm.

Hoʻonoho paʻa nā maka nui ma ke poʻo. He palupalu a hele ʻole paha nā niho. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻaha haʻahaʻa ma kahi liʻiliʻi iki, a kū i ka ʻaoʻao. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha.

Herring paha paha iʻa a iʻa iʻa paha . ^ E Ha yM. I ka wai wai, ola i nā muliwai, ʻike pinepine i ka Volga, Don a Dnieper paha.

I ka wai paʻakai, i nā kahuhaha kamaha, loaʻa i ka loko o ka Atlantika, Pākīpika a me ʻArikika.

Makemake ʻo ia i ke ea kūlohelohe, no laila anuanu a me nā wai wela e hoʻohanohano ʻia nei e kekahi mau ʻano.

I ke kiʻi o kahi ʻohana hipa

Ka liʻiliʻi iʻa i hea? Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Pereyaslavl . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea hana ʻoluʻolu ʻaʻole ia mea he mea ia me kēia ʻohana, ʻoiai aia i ka nānā ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona like.

I koʻo ia - aia kēia mea kūʻai. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopu ʻia, e waiho wale i ke kūʻai ʻana, ma lalo o ka ʻeha o ka hoʻopaʻi make.

ʻAi ʻia lākou i nā keʻena aliʻi, ma nā hale pule like ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia iʻa kaulana i ka lole o nā kūlanakauhale o Pereslyavl-Zalessky.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka moʻomeheu

Ke ola paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai holo aku la i ke kapakai. Pono aku ʻo ia i kahi kokoke i ka wai, ʻaʻole e emi iho a emi iho ʻo lalo o 300 m.

Mālama ʻia ia i nā holoholona nui, aia ia i ka wā o ke puka ʻana mai nā hua. ʻŌpio, i kēia manawa, ke ho'āʻo nei e hui pū.

Hoʻolomo ʻia kēia i ka hoʻolima mua ʻana o ka plankton, e lako mau ana i ka wai kai, no laila, ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka jamb a lōʻihi ʻole a hoʻohui loa me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka puaʻa lau he wahi hele lehelehe. Noho i loko o ka Mahele ʻeleʻele a me Caspian, lele loa ia i nā wahi hou.

I ka hoʻi ʻana mai, make nā kānaka luhi a nui loa, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hiki i ka home.

Hoʻololi nā mea ʻai ʻai i ka ʻaihue i ka wā o ka ulu a me ka pākeke. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hua, ʻo ka ʻai mua loa no nā holoholona ʻōpiopio ka hapa.

Ke ulu nei ʻoe hemo ʻai ʻai o e lalau i kahi mea liilii iʻa , nā kūloko a me nā benthos. ʻO kā lākou nui e hilinaʻi pololei i ka makemake gastronomic. Ma ke hoʻololi wale ʻana i ka meaʻai o kahi mea nāna e kūʻai ka mea hiki ke ulu i kahi kumu i manaʻo ʻia.

Pahu a me ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano hōʻaila

Nui nō nā ʻano heʻe, no laila e hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo lākou i mākaʻi no ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Holo nui ka nui i ka hohonu a nā mea liʻiliʻi i kahakai.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kula nui, ka nui o nā mea e hoʻokūkū ana, nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o nā iʻa e hoʻohiolo wale i nā wai o luna o ka wai.

Kūpono ka ʻaʻe ʻana ma kahi manawa i loko o nā kānaka āpau, e lilo ka wai i ke ao a pālahalaha kahi ʻū kikoʻī a puni kahi.

Haki aku ka wahine i nā hua he 100,000 a i ka manawa, e poholo lākou i lalo a pili pono i ka lepo, ka ʻā a me nā ʻili. Loaʻa kā lākou laina i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoili.

Ma hope o 3 mau pule, e hoʻomaka ana nā ʻōpili e pili ana i 8 mm ka nui. Hoʻomaka ka wai wikiwiki me kā lākou mau a puni ke kino o ka wai. Ke kiʻi nei i ka lōʻihi o 6 cm, hele lākou i nā hipa a mālama iā lākou ma nā kahakai.

I ka wā o ka spawning (Mei - Iune), ua piʻi ke kuʻihue i nā kaila wai o ka wai wai wai.

Ke hoʻolei nei ʻo ia iho i ka pō, ʻoiai caviar e holo malū me ka wai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i lalo.

Ua loaʻa i ka pua ʻōpio ke loaʻa i ka ikaika, hoʻomaka e neʻe i lalo o ka wai i hiki ke hele i ke kai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo.

Nui nā ʻano o ka puʻu, e pili ana i ka 60 ʻano, no laila e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā mea kaulana loa o lākou. Miki nāhele puaa i loaʻa ma ke Kaiakaukau a me Norekulia, kahi i hopu ʻia i loko o nā mahina mahana.

ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, me ka lōʻihi o ke ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki. He hopohopo ʻo ia a no laila ulu i ka nui hoihoi.

Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o 3-4 mau makahiki, hele ʻo ia i ke kua ma ke komohana hema o Ireland. ʻO ka punahele kaulana loa ʻo ia i loko o kaʻaʻai kulala.

Noho ka ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ka Moana Azov a me ʻEleʻele, hoʻomaka ka spawning ma Mei - Iune. Hoʻoikaika i nā crustaceans a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e holo wāwae i nā papa o luna wai.

Aia ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o kēia ʻano i ka 40 cm He hopu nui ʻia i waena o nā lawaiʻa ʻōpala. ʻO ka pinepine pickles keia ano iʻa puaʻa komo ma nā hale kūʻai.

Noho ka ʻūleʻa ma ke kula ākea. He nui ia - ma mua o 50 cm ka lōʻihi, a kau kaupaona 700 g. ʻO kāna ʻiʻo i loaʻa ka iodine ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole.

Hoʻoholo ʻia i ka palena pāʻoihana nui: Russia, USA, Iapana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ma ka photo herring , hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo pololei i kēia ʻike iʻa .

ʻO ka moe kupapaʻu Baltic kaulana i ka wai o ke kai Baltic. He liʻiliʻi ia i ka nui, e pili ana i 20 cm.ʻaʻai wale ia i ka plankton, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka pākeke. ʻO kēia meaʻai iʻa - ʻaʻa pau loa a pau i loko paakai ʻano.

Noho kekahi mea kaulana kaulana ma laila - ʻo ka Baltic sprat. Ua paʻa ʻia kēia mau meaʻai ʻoi loa i ke kahakai o Aotearoa a me Tierra del Fuego. ʻO ka hoʻohana maʻamau ʻana o kēia ʻano ma ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ka meaʻai kai.

ʻO ka mea kūkākūkā nui iʻa puaʻa Aia kēlā Iwashi . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea no ka ʻohana sardines, he ʻano like wale ia me ke kuʻe pua.

Ma nāʻaoʻao o USSR, ua iʻa kēia iʻa ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo "Iwashi herring", nāna e hūnā i ka haunaele ma ka wā e hiki mai ana.

I ia mau lā, he makamaʻu ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia iʻa, no ka mea, ua mamao wale aku kāna mau kula nui i kahakai, akā ua hele loa lākou i ka moana, a lilo ʻole ka lawaiʻa ʻana.

A hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIV, ʻaʻole i ʻai ka poʻe pono i ka herring - hiki iā ia ke lawelawe no ka poʻe ilihune a me nā lepera wale

I ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo nā mea holo holani i ka mea ʻole i ka hopu ʻana inā he nui nā mana i loko o ia mea. Ua hele kēia iʻa i nā kula nui, a i kekahi manawa i ke aʻā o ka lawaiʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke hiki ke pale aku i ka ʻenehana. A hiki i ka makahiki 14, ua manaʻo ʻia ka herring iʻa i nā ʻōpala, kahi i ʻai wale ʻia e nā ʻenikake a me nā mōʻī, pepehi i ka ʻiʻo. Ma muli naʻe o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻono o ka momona rancid i hele koke mai, a ʻo kēia ʻiʻo i hoʻāʻo me ka ʻawaʻawa.

Ua paʻakikī i ka kūʻai aku ʻana i ka pua. ʻO nā lawaiʻa me nā hopu e hiki ke lana wale no ka kūʻai ʻana i ke aupuni, i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke aloha nui. No laila ua kūʻai pinepine aku ka mōʻī Wīwī Louis IX i kēia iʻa tasteless a ma ke aloha ua hoʻouna aku i nā lepera i nā kauhale.

Hana ka lawaiʻa Dutch i kahi ʻōnaehana gastronomic

Ua loli nui ka manaʻo o ka mālama manu i ka makahiki 1380, i ka manawa a ka lawaiʻa Dutch i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Jacob Beikelson ka mea ʻae i ka hopu ʻōiwi i ka moku, me ka hoʻopuka ʻole ʻana i ka hopu i luna. Hoʻopuka mua i nā gills a me nā entrails. ʻO kēia mau hana 2 i hoʻopakele ai i ka iʻa mai ka palupalu a ʻoi loa ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke ola pahu mai 2 mau hola a i kekahi mau lā.

Ma hope o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa i ka pā a pīī ʻia me ka paʻakai, hoʻomau mau ʻo Bakelzon i ka lawaiʻa ʻana. He mau hola ma hope iho, i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka lawaiʻa i uka, loaʻa ka paʻakai i kēlā meina o ka paʻakai, ma muli o ka momona momona e loaʻa ai ka momona. Ua kono ʻia nā kamaʻāina e hoʻāʻo i kēia huahana, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻa i ko lākou mau manaʻo, e ʻike nei i ka leʻaleʻa gastronomic ma mua o ka mea ʻinoʻino i manaʻo ʻia.

Mai ia manawa, lilo ke ʻano manu a me ka paʻakai ma ke ʻano he kālā maikaʻi, ʻaʻole wale ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa kūwaho o ke kaiāulu wale nō, akā no ka ʻāina āpau. I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe me ka mea nui, ka huahana aupuni o ka Netherlands. ʻO ka lawaiʻa nāna i hana i ka hoʻohālikelike gastronomic ua make ʻole i ʻelua mau manawa - ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kāwā a me ke ʻano kolo he nui loa, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ma hope ona.

ʻAʻole naʻe i lawelawe ʻole ʻo Peter no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi huahana iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i kōkua nā loea o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe

Ua loaʻa ma ka Lūkini, ua ʻai ʻia ke kuʻuna o ke kai; ʻo ka uahi ʻo ia ka hana hoʻokūkū ikaika Kahi nā huahana i noho i kahi mahele nui o ka meaʻai o nā kānaka ʻākau a me nā mōʻī Solovetsky. ʻO ka huakaʻi o ka mō'ī gourmet ʻo Peter I i ka Netherlands e lilo i manawa e aʻo ai i ke ʻano o ka paʻakai ʻana i ka iʻa, ʻoiai ua makemake nui ka tsar Rusia i nā huahana 2 Dutch - ka paʻakai male a me nā mea e paʻa ai ka manaʻo.

Loaʻa i ka mōʻī ke manaʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kūleʻa o ka Netherlands a hāʻawi i ka mākeke o ka honua i kāna White White a me Azov herring, paʻakai ʻia e like me ka papa ʻaina a ka poʻe ʻEulopa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua noi lākou i ka lawena Holani ʻo Isaac Knop, nāna i aʻo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho i ka hana o nā ʻulana ma ke kahakai o ke kai o Azov, i kiʻi hou ʻia mai nā Turks. Akā, haʻalele ka Dutchman i ka haʻalele i ka iʻa kūloko. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua hōʻole ʻia ka papahana, me ka he lawehala hewa, ke ola ʻole e like me ke koi ʻana o ka papa ʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakai.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻomohala i ka lawaiʻa ma ka Pōʻele, e hoʻomau i ka noi no ke kōkua o nā poʻe loea Europa. Akā e kiʻi i kahi huahana Holani like me kahi mea hoʻowalela maikaʻi ʻole 2 no nā kumu ʻelua. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā lawaiʻa ʻākau e ʻokiʻoki i nā iʻa, e ʻimi i ka wikiwiki o ka pololei. A ʻo ka mea nui loa, he haʻahaʻa loa ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakai kūloko, ua nui ka haumia i loko, ua hopena pū ka hopena o ka paʻakai.

ʻO ke huahana ka hopena i noi nui ʻia ma muli o kona ʻano maʻalahi. Akā ua hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka papa ʻaina waiwai nui o ka ke keʻena o ka Paʻa Mālama. ʻO ka hoʻoilina maniona ʻoihana i loko o Rūsia e ʻai mau o nā papa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole mau ʻo Peter e hoʻololi i ke kūlana.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka espionage hana mua ma muli o ka hoʻoili ʻana

Ua hoʻokokoke loa ʻo Catherine II i kēia hihia, ua hoʻouna aku i kahi mākaʻi i Netherlands. ʻO kāna hana kāna ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī a pau loa o ka ʻĀina Hema herring salting Technology no ka hana hou ʻana i ke kaʻina ma ka home. ʻIke ʻo Catherine i kekahi mea nui i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia no kona ʻike ʻole ma Rūsia ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokū i ka hana o nā iʻa ʻono. ʻO kēia ka hihia mua o ka espionage lawaiʻa Lūkia.

Hana maikaʻi ʻo ka mea huna i kāna hana - ua loaʻa ka ʻike o ka mea huna; ua peʻe ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻakai Pukiki. Mālama koke ke Empress i nā mea pono kūpono o nā moku moana 2, hoʻouna iā lākou i Arkhangelsk, kahi e kuke ai i ka iʻa ma muli o ka papaʻai Dutch. Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia ma St. Petersburg, e kūʻai aku ana ma ke kalepa. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka pahuhopu: ma Rusia ua aʻo lākou pehea e kuke ai i ka paʻakai paʻakai ma ka ʻano Dutch. Akā ʻaʻole emi iki ka huahana ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano manu e noho ana i ka Kai Keʻokeʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pukiki (ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i Sepania ma Rūsia) e hāʻawi i ka paʻakai i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai, ke hoʻohālikelike nei ke kumukūʻai ma nā kumu holomo ʻana i ka Dutch. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā limahana i ka paʻakai nui a ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pae i makemake ʻia, hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka pua. Hoʻokua wale ka paʻahana hoʻokele e lanakila i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka paʻakai ʻana e nā mea hana Lūkini.

A pau ka makemake ʻana o Catherine i ka paʻakai o ka iʻa, hina ka noi no Belomorka ma waena o ka hanohano. Ua hoʻi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio puaʻa Dutch i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka huahana kumu. A ua huli hou nā wahi kūloko ʻākau i ke ʻano o ka paʻu kahiko kahiko o ka paʻakai.

Herring ma lalo o kahi kapa hulu manu - he hōʻailona o ka hoʻomaha

A ma kahi mau'āina o nā ʻaha kūkā, ua maʻalahi ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi o ka hala. ʻO ke aloha o ka iʻa i hui pū ai i nā pāʻina elite, nā proletariat, a me nā mea ʻalaʻala - makemake ʻia nā mea a pau a hiki iā ia. A ma waho aʻe o kāna hoʻoili ʻana ʻaʻole i hewa ia.

I nā kūlana o kahi palena palena o nā huahana e loaʻa ana, ua lilo ka iʻa ma luna o nā hale noho Soviet, hiki iā ia ke lawelawe i ka iʻa i ka lā pule a i kahi hoʻomaha hoʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā papa ʻaina o ka lole Soviet, e pīhoihoi ana i nā haole, e ʻaihue ʻia ana ma lalo o kahi kapa huluhulu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kahi hana nani a maikaʻi i kēia lā e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manaʻo o ka lā hoʻomaha ma waena o nā kānaka o mua o ka USSR a me kā lākou poʻe mamo a hoʻoulu i ka momona.

A ʻo ka mana i hana ʻia ka "palu" ma hope o ke kipi a ʻo kona inoa nō ka hoʻopalike (chauvinism a me ka hoʻolōʻihi o ka boycott a me ka anathema) ʻaʻole kūpono kēia.

Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa mau ke ʻai wale no nā kānaka. Aia kahi moʻolelo o kahi penikala Iapana kahi i hoa aloha ʻia me ka iʻa no 25 makahiki.

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