ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o ka beaver ma kahi o 30 kg, ua loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 1-1,5 m, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nunui o nā kāne. He koʻokoʻo ka rodent ka pepeiao, liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, puʻupuʻu, pōkole nā wāwae. ʻO ka papale a ka beaver he ʻelua papa: ma ka piko he mau lauoho ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a ma lalo o kahi hina hina hina ka mea e pale ai i ka beaver mai hypothermia. He lāʻī ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a pālahalaha ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā unahi. ʻO ke kokoke o ke kumu o ka huelo he mau ʻōhua ʻelua e loaʻa ai kahi mea ʻala i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wai beaver.
Nā hiʻohiʻona makana Beaver
ʻO nā kumulāʻau he rodivorous rodents. ʻO kā lākou ʻai me ka huaʻala a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau (aspen, willow, poplar, Birch), nā ʻano kanu o ka lāʻau (lili wai, hua manu liʻiliʻi, iris, cattail, reed). Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka hazel, linden, elm, ʻākena manu. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu nā mea aila. ʻO nā niho nui a me kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika e kōkua i nā kīʻaha eʻai pono i nā mea kanu mea kanu, a ʻo ka microflora o kā lākou pūpū huapalapala e ʻeli maikaʻi i ka ʻai cellulose.
ʻO ka nui o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻea i 20% o ka paona o ka beaver.
ʻO ke kauwela he nui ka lau o ka ʻōpala i loko o kaʻai o nā pua. Mālama kēlā me kēia ʻohana i ka lāʻau 60-70 m3. Ke waiho nei nā mea maʻi i ko lākou mea waiwai i ka wai, kahi lākou e mālama ai i kā lākou mea kanu maikaʻi a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo.
Nā Mākela Beaver
A hiki i ka iwakāluakūmālua, ua pālahalaha nā mea pīhoihoi, akā no ka nui o kā lākou luku ʻana, ua emi maoli kā lākou noho. Loaʻa ka beaver maʻamau i ʻEulopa, Rūsia, Kina a me Mongolia. ʻO kona hoahānau pili pili loa, ka beaver o Kanaka, e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO Beaver a i ʻole ka muliwai (Castor fiber)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 1-1.3 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka 35.5 cm, ke kaumaha ma waena o 30-32 kg. Ke kino ana ke kino, pōkole nā wāwae me nā manamana lima ʻelima, ua ikaika nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua. Ma waena o nā manamana lima mau membranes. ʻAno nā kīwaka, pāpale. ʻO ka huelo ka ulana i ukana ʻia, pālahalaha, hiki i 30 cm ke lōʻihi, 10-13 cm ākea.ʻO ka wili he pubescent wale nō ma ka kumu, ua uhi ʻia ke koena o ka ʻili me nā pale pale. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, ākea ka pepeiao, pōkole iki mai luna aʻe o ke kapa. Ma lalo o ka wai, ua pani ʻia nā pūlima pepeiao a me nā ihu, aia nā membrane ʻehā kūikawā i nā maka. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka beaver maʻamau e kona hulu nani, i hana ʻia me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula a me ka undercoat silky maloʻo. ʻO ka kala o ke kapa mai ka lightnut a hiki i ke kala keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka peʻa a me nā wāwae. Hele ka ʻekepili hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi makahiki.
I loko o ka wahi anal kekahi mau pili polu, wen a me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "beaver stream", kahi ʻona o kahi alakaʻi no nā beaver ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka palena o ka ʻohana.
Kui ʻia ka ʻōpala maʻamau ma ʻEulopa (nā ʻāina Scandinavian, Palani, Kelemānia, Polani, Belarus, Ukraine), ma Rūsia, Mongolia a me Kina.
Beaver Kanakaole (Castor canadensis)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 90-117 cm, ke kaupaona e pili ana i ka 32 kg. Ua puni ke kino, ākea ka umauma, pōkole ke poʻo me nā pepeiao ʻeleʻele nui a nui nā maka. ʻʻUlaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha ka kala ʻaina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 20-25 cm, ʻo ka laulā he 13-15 cm, ʻo ke ʻano o ka oval, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka hopena, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i nā pale kaua horny.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻōiwi maʻamau i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Alaska, Canada, USA, Mexico. Ua hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻāina Scandinavian a me Russia.
He Hoʻoilina Beaver
Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma ke kahawai o nā muliwai ulu, nā kahawai a me nā loko. ʻAʻole lākou e noho i nā kahe ākea a me ka wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lalo i ka hoʻoilo. No kēia mau rodents, nā mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau i lalo o nā kaila o nā wai, a me ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ke kahakai mea kanu nui. I nā wahi kūpono, kūkulu lākou i nā kumulāʻau mai nā lāʻau hina, kūkulu i nā waʻa, a he melo lākou i nā lāʻau a pau i ka poʻomanaʻo.
He ʻelua mau hale ʻo Beavers: he burrow a he hut. Aia ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala i nā mokupuni o ka pulu o ka palahele a me ka pālolo, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 1-3 mika, ka lōʻihi a hiki i 10 m, aia ka puka ma lalo o ka wai. I kēlā mau huts, e kau nā beavers i ka pō, hana i nā lako meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo, hūnā mai nā mea hoʻopuka.
Kūkulu ʻia nā pū e nā pū ma nā waihona kīkoi a i ʻole a me nā pahū; ʻO nā pā a me nā peʻe peʻa a me ka tamp. I loko, kahi keʻena noho e pili ana i ka 1 ākea a he 40-50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe e kūkulu ʻia i kahi hohonu o 1 m. ʻO ka papahele he 20 cm ma luna o ka pae wai.
Piu a nā mea uwila a ʻauʻau maikaʻi, ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o 10-15 mau minuke, a e ʻauʻau ai i kēia manawa a hiki i 750 m.
Noho nā Beavers ma ka manawa hoʻokahi a me nā ʻohana o 5-8 mau kānaka. ʻO nā ʻohana hoʻokahi i noho ma ka ʻāina i nā makahiki he nui. ʻAʻole hele nā mea kikowaena 200 m mai ka wai.ʻO nā Rodents i hōʻailona i ka palena o ka pae me kahi kahawai beaver.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hana beaver ka pō a me ka pōkole.
ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo Beaver
ʻO nā Beavers he koʻokoʻo monogamous. Hoʻokahi ke kau hoʻokahi ma ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka waena o Ianuali a mau i ka hopena o Pepeluali. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau ma kahi o 105-107 lā. I hoʻokahi brood, hānau nā 1-6 cubs ma ʻApelila-Mei. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i hala hūnā ʻia, well pubescent, ʻo ko lākou kaupaona ma kahi o 0.45 kg. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau. E aʻo aku ka wahine iā lākou i ka ʻauʻau, e kao aku iā lākou mai loko mai o ka hale i kahi kahakaha kai. I nā hebedoma 3-4, hoʻomaka nā beaver e hānai i nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, a hiki i 3 mau mahina, hānai nā makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū. Ke ola nei ka wā'ōpiopio me nā mākua a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki, ma hope o ke kolo ʻana a hoʻomaka i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
I ka pio, he ola ola o nā beaver a hiki i ka 35 mau makahiki, ma ke ʻano 10-17 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā mea rodent:
- ʻO ka beaver maʻamau ka rodent nui loa i Europe a me ka lua o ka nui i ka honua ma hope o ka capybara.
- ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" mai ka ʻōlelo Indo-European a he ʻano hoʻopiʻi piha ʻole o ka inoa inoa.
- A hiki i ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia 20, kaulana loa ka beaver bulu ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, a me Rūsia, ka mea i hōʻemi i ka nui o nā holoholona o kēia mau holoholona: 6-8 mau kānaka kaawale i 1200 mau kānaka i koe. I mea e mālama ai i ka nānā, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawehala. I kēia manawa ke loaʻa nei kahi beaver liʻiliʻi i kahi kūlana liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai ia, he ana hoʻopiʻi ʻāina, nā wai hoʻopukapuka wai a me nā mea kanu wai hydroelectric.
- I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā hulu nani a me ka ulu lōʻihi, he kumu puna nui nā beaver, ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka mea poni a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo Beaver, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā pathogens salmonellosis. Wahi a nā kūpuna hoʻomana ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mau ʻūhā.
- I ka makahiki 2006, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi kākā i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bobruisk (Belarus). Eia kekahi, nā kiʻi kiʻi o kēia rodent i ka Alpine Zoo (Innsbruck, Austria).
Kukala: he aha ia?
ʻO nā ʻikepili nui loa o nā rodents ma ka ʻākau ʻākau. ʻO kēia mau holoholona ʻokoʻa, nīnau no ke aha? ʻĀnō e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe ...
Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau manu toothy no ka hana ʻia o nā moʻi ʻike ʻia kaulana. No ke aha lākou e kūkulu ai iā lākou, a loaʻa ke hoʻohana pono no kēia mau hana?
Eia ka manaʻo o ʻelua manaʻo: ʻo ka pono - pono iā ia. No nā "architect" iā lākou iho, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke loaʻa nei nā pōmaikaʻi, akā no ka poʻe makemake ʻole ka mea. Akā he mea mua, e aʻo hou e pili ana i nā ʻano beaver ma ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ko lākou nānā ʻana.
Nahea (Castor).
A aia ʻelua wale nō mau ʻano o kēia mau mommeli ma ka honua: ʻo ka beanver ʻo Kanada a me kāna hoahānau ʻEulopa. Loaʻa nā ʻelele ʻelua o ka ʻohana beaver i nā nui nui: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo kēia holoholona ulu ka nānā ʻana he 30 kilokilo. ʻO nā ʻānia a me nā beanvers ka lua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke ʻano maoli a hiki i ke ola i loko o ka pōʻai ʻana: maikaʻi pono iā lākou iho. wai), aia nō hoʻi kahi undercoat mānoanoa e pale ai i ka ʻili o ka hoʻomaʻū piha. Eia ka mea huna i ka kūkulu kūleʻa o nā pahu. ʻO ka ʻōpio ua makaʻu ʻole lākou i ka wai!
Beaver Kanekia (Castor canadensis).
ʻO nā wahi noho o nā palaka Kanada he ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Noho kekahi ʻohana ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻĀpana ma luna o ka ʻEulopa Eurasian (ma ʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia). No kahi nohona hoʻoluʻu, koho wale ka mākaʻikaʻi i nā kahakai o nā wai wai: nā kahawai, nā loko liʻiliʻi, nā wai liʻiliʻi, nā muliwai liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa loaʻa ma nā kuahiʻu swampy zones. Akā ʻo ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke koho ʻana i kahi o kahi e noho ai ka beaver, ʻo ia nō ka ʻike i nā lāʻau e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou ʻōpala i ka wai.
ʻO ka Beaver ma ka huli ʻana i kahi home.
Noho ʻoi aku ma kahakai, alakaʻi ke ʻili kanaka keu i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi i koho ʻia o ka wahi noho e hiki ke lilo i home no nā hanauna he nui o nā beavers. Ma ke ala, makemake nui kēia mau mommals e noho a i ʻole ma nā ʻohana, ʻaʻole e hālāwai me lākou pilikino.
Hele kekahi ʻakaʻaka i kona home ma ke ala kālai ʻia.
I kēia manawa e pili ana i ka pono e kūkulu i nā pā i loko o kēia wā. Hoʻomaka mai nā ʻāpana ʻana i hana ʻia ka pālolo a me ka pālolo (kahi e pālahalaha ai lākou ma ka pūnāwai), kūkulu nā bea i ke kumu o ko lākou "pā". A laila waiho aku lākou i kekahi mea e like me ke kiko o kā lākou mau pā nui, e hoʻoikaika ana me nā lālā liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻāpana o ka pālolo. No laila he "kaukaʻi ʻoka punahele, ke kāohi nei i ka moena wai. Ma kahi ʻano hou ua kapa ʻia he makā beaver. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka puaʻa mai ka 15 a 30 mau mika, akā aia mau mau hihia i hiki aku ai kēia waiwai nui o 700 mau mika!
I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻāpana.
Hōʻike ka hana ʻo Beaver iā ia iho i ka pō. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, hele ʻo kēia mau rodents i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, kā lākou hana ʻana i nā kaʻe - i ka pō. ʻO ka hālāwaiʻana i kēia holoholona i ka lā he meaʻokoʻa ia.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo ʻāʻī
Ke kamaʻilio nei nā Beavers me kekahi me ka walaʻau nui. Akā aia hoʻokahi hoʻopunipuni hou: inā hiki i ka pōʻino, ʻo nā lālā o ka ʻohana beaver e hoʻokūkū nui i kāna huelo i loko o ka wai, i mea e kuhikuhi aku ai i kahi ʻē aʻe e pili ana ka ʻenemi. I kēia manawa, hele koke ka ʻohana holo nui i loko o ka wai a kali i kahi manawa i loko o ka hale.
Kahi mau beaver hōʻiliʻili i nā meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka meaʻai, makemake nui kēia mau holoholona i nā lālā ʻōpio, kahi mea i hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka ulu lau o nā lau. I kekahi manawa, i hiki ai i ka lei aliʻi o ka lāʻau, pono ka ʻuʻuku o ka ʻuʻuku ma kona ʻōpala a hoʻomoʻo i ka.
Ke kūlohelohe nei nā beavers, hoʻopili ʻia i nā kānaka, e nā holoholona e like me: wolf, coyote, lynx a bear.
He kime o nā beavers European (Castor fiber).
E pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka beavers ... kēia mau holoholona monogamous i ʻelua nā wā hoʻokahi a no ke ola. Hoʻopili ʻia i ka wā hana (ʻo ka maʻamau i waena a me ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo) ka wahine e hānai i ka bipi keiki ma kahi o 3.5 mau mahina. Loaʻa ka hānau keiki keiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Hiki i nā pēpē hou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho i ka wai a ʻauʻau hoʻi ma ka lua o ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ola nā beavers ma mua o 10 mau makahiki, akā akā ma ka pio pio ka manawa a hoʻonui i kēia 35 makahiki!
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO Beavers nā ʻohana Castaridae, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka ʻohana Castor a me nā mea ʻelua wale nō.
- ka beaver maʻamau (Castor fiber) (aka muliwai a i ʻole hikina)
- Kūkākūkā Kanada (aka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika) (Castor canadensis).
I kēia mau lā, loaʻa nā ʻākuhi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o ka ʻāina, mai ka waha o ka muliwai Mackenzie ma Kanada hema a hiki i Mexico. Akā ʻaʻole ia ka mea maʻamau. Uaʻimi nā kānaka i kēia mau holoholona i mau kenekulia no ka latou o ka ʻiʻo, ka hulu, a me ka kahawai manu. A ke kumu, i ka hopena o ka kenekulia 19, ua lilo ka helu o nā kānaka Kanaka ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi, a ma ka hapanui o ko lākou mau noho, ua pau loa lākou i luku pau ia, i loko o ka hikina hikina. Ua puhi ʻia nā māka'āina a me nā kaiāulu kūloko i ke kani ʻana, a hoʻomaka ʻia nā holoholona mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia lākou ma Finlandia, Russia, a me kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Poland). ʻO kekahi o ka heluna nui o nā rodents Kanada i kēia lā ke noho nei ma ka hema hema o Finland.
Kahi ʻōpio maʻamau ma mua o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hikina, akā, ʻaʻole nā kānaka a pau i hiki ke ola ma kahi o nā kānaka. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, he mau palena wale nō ka lahui me ka huina o 1200 mau kānaka i ola ma Farani, Noremata, Kelemania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, China a me Mongolia.
Ma muli o ka hana hou o ka hoʻopili a me nā polokalamu hoʻokipa o kēia mau holoholona, i hoʻomaka e hana i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki hope, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o ka beaver maʻamau. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XXI, aia ma kahi o 500-600 tausani kanaka, a ua hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou wahi ma ʻEulopa a me Asia.
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻelua i ka ʻāina o Lūkini i kēia lā, ʻoiai ka ʻānu ʻo ka mea noho mua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona kaila ma kahi o ka puni honua āpau o ka Russian Lūkini - mai nā palena komohana i ka wahi ʻo Baikal a me Mongolia, a mai nā ʻāina Murmansk ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Astrakhan i ka hema. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻano ma Primorye a me Kamchatka.
ʻO ka ʻānela Kanada i ko mākou ʻāina ua puka i nā makahiki 50 o nā kenekulia i hala, me ka hoʻōki wale ʻana iā Karelia a me ka Leningrad Region mai nā wahi e kokoke ana o Finlandia, a i ka makahiki 70 he mea hoʻokomo ʻia kēia holoholona i loko o ka awāwa ʻo Amur a me Kamchatka.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ma Beaver
ʻOkoʻa loa ka hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻē aʻe o ke koʻokoʻo rodent, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻano semi-aquatic o ko mākou hero. Mai ka nānā ʻana o ka mea lāʻau ololi, nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka holoholona i nā mea he nui, he ʻele a me ka poʻokela kuahiʻu a me nā ʻāpana ʻāwīlima me nā puʻupuʻu ʻikepili.
ʻO nā Beavers ka nui ākea o nā fauna o ka Honua Mua a me nā lua o ka nui loa i hope o nā capybaras ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona, he pala, he ʻano fusiform, ua pāloi ʻia kona ʻaoʻao hua, aia wale nō i ke aʻa o ka huʻu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 80 - 120 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o nā pākeke i kahi awelika o 20-30 kg, hiki ʻole i ke kaumaha ke hiki i 45 kg. ʻOi ka nui o nā ʻano Kanada ma mua o ka mea maʻamau.
ʻO kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ʻuʻupu a me ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua ʻāʻihi hoʻi ʻaʻole huli i huli. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, me kahi pihi kūpaʻa a me kahi membrane nā pehu kahe (e pale i nā maka ma lalo o ka wai). He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, huluhulu mai ka huluhulu. Loaʻa i nā puka auditions waho a me nā ʻuʻuku i nā ʻūhā kūikawā i kū i ka wā e hoʻopolo ʻia i ka wai. Hiki i nā ʻōlima lili ke pani ma hope o nā mea pīkī ponoʻī iho, ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka pūpū waha, e ʻae ai i nā ʻili i nāʻu ʻoi ma lalo o ka wai me ka wehe ʻole i ko lākou waha.
Hoʻohālikelike nā maka o nā holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana, ka maka ʻike ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lohe maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻono, ʻo ia nā manaʻo nui ma ka ʻāina.
Ua pālahalaha ka huelo, hiki i 30 cm ka loa, 13 cm ka laulā, a ʻoi aku ka pupuʻu a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka beaver ma Kanada. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana like i ka ʻili me nā unahi nui me ka nui o ka bristles.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelima, ua alualu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū palupalu i nā wāwae hind (ma ka ʻaoʻao mua i ko lākou wā kamaliʻi). ʻO nā wāwae mua i nāwaliwali ma mua o nā wāwae hind a hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona me nā lima - me kā lākou kōkua, he beaver i huki i nā mea, ʻeli a me nā lua, e hoʻoili ai i nā meaʻai. ʻO ke kino nui o ka neʻe holoholona no nā wāwae hind. Ma ka lua o ka wāwae o ka wāwae hind aia kahi pua cifurcated, i piha i nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ke poʻo o luna - kuhikuhi a haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao āpau o nā horny, kahi mau pili i kekahi me kekahi. Hoʻohana kēia claw e ka holoholona no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe - hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻohui pū i ka lauoho me ia i ka wa e ʻalā ʻia, a hoʻoneʻe i nā parasites.
ʻO ka hulu beaver ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka uliuli, ka ʻokoʻa pinepine o ka ʻulaʻula.I kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe me nā wahi me nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele mau ka undercoat. ʻO ka ma lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kino he pubescent denser.
Eia no ke ʻano ʻoniʻoni ʻula a me ka mea i ola ʻia, no laila ke ola ʻana i ka wai haukē, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā beavers i ke anuanu, aʻo nā mea ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻōhua like ʻole.
Ke noho maʻamau
Noho mau nā Beavers ma kahi kokoke i ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pāu punahele punahele, nāheheʻe lūlū a paʻa paha nā loko wai. ʻO ke kumu hoʻoholo no ka hoʻonā ʻana i kahi kōnaa kūikawā ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai - nā lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me nā kumulāʻau e aloha i nā holoholona. Hōʻalo ka rodent i nā kahe nui me nā waikahe nui, ʻoiai e hiki ke kahe ʻia kona nohona.
Alakaʻi nā Beavers i kahi ala maʻalahi. No ka hapanui o ka makahiki, he mea mau na lākou i nā hola ahiahi, a waiho i nā hale poloka i ka lā a me ka hoʻi ʻana i ke kakahiaka. I ka hoʻoilo, ma nā mauna ʻākau, i uhi ʻia i nā wai me nā hau, noho mau nā holoholona i loko o nā hale i lalo a i ʻole ka hau, no ka mea aia ma kahi o 0 ° C, aʻoi aku ka nui o waho.
Ma ka ʻāina, hāʻawi kahi mākaʻu i ke ʻano o kahi holoholona lohi a weliweli, i ka wā a lākou i ʻō ai a hilinaʻi, e hilinaʻi ana i nā wāwae hind haki i nā wāwae a me nā pōpoki pōkole. Eia naʻe, inā pilikia o ka pōpilikia, piliʻo ia i ka wai.
I waena o nā rodents a pau, ʻo kā mākou kaukaukau e kūpono no ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai. Kuhi ʻia kona kino ʻānō me nā wai i hele ʻole ʻia e ka wai. Kau mālie ʻo ia e kokoke ana i ka pae o ka loko, me ka neʻe malie ʻana i kona mau wāwae, aʻo ka huelo ka mea e like me ka hoʻokele wī nona. I ka wa e holo ai a ʻauʻau paha i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomalu ke kaʻo o ka rodent i kona hiʻu a i lalo a hana like me nā wāwae hind.
E like me ke koʻi o ka lumberjack, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka enamel mua o nā niho rodent. ʻO ka papalū ke kua i ʻō aʻe wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki, e hana ana i kahi kihi ʻoi aku e like me kahi kahe ʻana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i nā lāʻau. Hiki i ka holoholona me kāna mea koi e hoʻopipi a pana i ka lāʻau a hiki i hoʻokahi mita kaʻu. E like me nā mea āpau, he nui nā lāʻau ʻōpio, e ulu ana i ka wikiwiki like me nā mea a lākou e luhi ai.
I ke kiʻi, hōʻike ka beaver i kāna mau incisors kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO ia ka mea e hana ai kahi rodent me nā lāʻau
Nā ʻōhua a me nā huts
Ua lohe paha nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao kahaha o kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o ko lāua luhi ʻole, aʻo nā beaver e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaiapuni i ko lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻO nā māka i kūkulu ai lākou i ka hoʻonui i ka nohona o ka ékological, hoʻonui i nā wahi wai, hoʻonui i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka wai, a hoʻololi i ke ʻano. Me ke kumu no ka maki, kahi lāʻau i hāʻule i ke kahawai e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Ua haki ia me nā lālā, nā ʻāpana o nā kahi lāʻau, nā pōhaku, ka honua, ka mea kanu, a hiki i ka papa i hōʻea 100 mika (ʻo nā kihi o ka māka i hala aku ma kahi o ke kahawai), a piʻi pinepine ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu mau mika. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ka wai ke ana ʻelua mau mika. Hōʻike ia i ka ʻohana e kūkulu i kekahi mau pahu i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano he kumu hana hana hanu. Hoʻolaha nui loa nā Rodents i ka hana ʻana i nā pahu i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomau ka hana i nā makahiki a puni.
Kukui Beaver
He pīkoi akamai ka poʻe Beavers. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻeli lākou i nā lua he nui i loko o kahi kahua no ka ʻohana, hiki ke ʻoi aku i nā kaila māmā a i ʻole labyrinth holoʻokoʻa e alakaʻi ana mai kahakai o ke kahawai a i ʻole ka ʻale a i ʻole i nā keʻena a i hoʻokahi lumi lumi paha. I nā mau biotypes he nui, hoʻohana kēia mau rodents i nā ʻōpala e like me nā wahi ma mua.
ʻIke like me ka beaver hut
ʻO kahi koho hou no ka home kahakai he ipo. Hoʻokumu kā lākou mau kikowaena i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hiki ʻole ai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lua. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā ʻeke, nā waʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nāʻu ana i ke kumu o ka hut. I waho, he noho nui kahi noho ma loko, kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻōpala lāʻau, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka honua, silt, nā mea kanu kanu. I loko, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi keʻena huna, mai kahi kahi i pae ʻia ma lalo o ka wai. I ka awelika, ka lōʻihi o ke ana o ka hut 3-4 mau mika. He nui nā keʻena paʻakikī ma mua o nā lumi like ʻole. Hiki i ka noho waʻa ke kīnā a mau loa, hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopau mau ʻia nā mea hope a hiki ke hiki i 14 mau mika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau mika.
I waena o nā hana kūkulu beaver hana liʻiliʻi, ka eli ʻana o nā waikā ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa. Me kā lākou mau ʻakaʻaka, ke kāʻili nei lākou i ka pākū a me ka lepo mai ka lalo o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā ala hema, e hoʻolei iā lākou i ko lākou ala. Hiki i nā kaila hopena ke noho i nā holoholona i ka wai, e neʻe ana ma waena o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole e ʻai ai i nā wahi. ʻO ka hapa nui, hana ʻia nā rodents i ke kauwela, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike nui ʻia nā mākeke Kanada. He ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hale.
Kauʻai
ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona hānai holoholona wale nō. Hiki i ʻano like ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o kā lākou meaʻai i nā lau, nā aʻa, nā lāʻau kanu, nā algae. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, huli lākou i nā lālā manawaleʻa o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, makemake i ka aspen, willow a alder paha.
Hoʻomaka i waena oʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻai lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ia ia nā lālā ulu a me nā ʻāpana o ka hehi o ka aspen, willow, cherry bird, alder, birch, a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā conifers. Kālana ʻia nā hua lāʻau i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e nā holoholona a mālama ʻia i lalo o ka wai ma nā wahi hohonu e pili ana i nā pōā a me nā hale moe. Hiki i nā mea pīpī ke ʻauʻau i kā lākou lako ma lalo o ka wai me ka ʻole e waiho i kahi pōpoki palekana.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka wahie, nā māʻona o nā holoholona me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana ma nā māla nui a me nā māla lāʻau e hiki.
ʻAʻole mālama nā beavers nui ʻEulopa no ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka hele ʻana, hele lākou i uka i ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻai.
Kahawai Beaver
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā holoholona ka hele ʻana o kahi "kahawai beaver" i hana ʻia e nā kelepona kūikawā. He mea paʻakikī ia e loaʻa ana i nā haneli o nā mea wae, me nā alcohols, nā fenols, salicylaldehyde a me ka castoramine. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no kēia ʻano mea no ka castoreum.
Mai ka wā ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai hoʻolilo i ka lua i ka kahawai wai. I nā makahiki Y-IY o BC Ua ʻike ʻo Hippocrates a me Herodotus i kona kū pono i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi. A i kēia lā ua loaʻa kēia mea noi i noi ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea ʻala.
Hoʻohana ka ʻili ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻona no ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kumu. ʻO nā huaʻala huaʻona kekahi o nā ala a ko mākou mau koa e hoʻololi i ka ʻike. ʻO nā ʻano Kanada a me nā muliwai hoʻi waiho i nā hōʻailona ʻalaʻala ma luna o nā puʻu i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o ka wai mai nā silt a me nā mea kanu i hāpai ʻia mai lalo aʻe o ke kaila.
ʻAno pili ʻohana
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, noho nā beaver i nā ʻohana ʻohana (colonies), akā aia kekahi poʻe e makemake i ka noho manawaleʻa. Ma nā wahi kīnā maikaʻi, hiki i ka nui o nā holoholona hoʻokahi ke piʻi i 40%.
Aia ka ʻohana i kahi kāne pākahi, mau cubs o ka makahiki o kēia makahiki, i nā cubs o ka makahiki i hala, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki a i ʻole nā keiki ʻekahi mai nā litters i hala. Hiki i nā nui ʻohana ke hiki i ka 10-12 kanaka.
Kahi ʻia ka hierarchy ma loko o ke kolone e like me ke kumu kuʻuna makahiki, me ke kūlana hoʻonani o ka pākeke pālua. Kahi hewa nā ʻano o nā kūlohelohe kino, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau ʻehā ma nā wī. ʻO kēia ka hopena o nā hakakā me nā malihini me nā palena teritorial.
ʻO nā maʻa mau i kēia mau rodents he mau a hoʻomau i ka wā o ke ola o nā hoahana. Noho paʻa ka ʻohana ʻohana, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lawe mai lākou i hoʻokahi brood i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai 1 a 5 mau cubs i loko no ia no ka beaver maʻamau, ma ka momona Kanada e ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 8 cubs. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa pinepine ma ka brood aia nā 2-3 cubs.
E hoʻomaka ka lāhui ma Ianuali (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka palena) a kū a hiki i Malaki. Noho ke kiaʻi ma luna o 103-110 mau lā.
Nā keiki hou i nānā ʻia, nā hale ʻōpio nui, me nā puʻu haʻahaʻa. Mālama ka makuahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū (ʻo ia ka 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka waiū o nā bipi) no like i like me 6-8 wiki, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ʻelua mau pule, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻakaʻala i ke kīlei i nā lau palu i lawe ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. I ka piha o 1 mahina, e hoʻomaka ka wā liʻiliʻi a haʻalele i ka noke a ʻai wale ma ko lākou iho.
ʻOiai ʻuʻuku nā keiki, mālama ka makuakāne i ka hapa nui o ka manawa o ka pale ʻana i ka pā ʻana o ka ʻohana: ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā palena a waiho aku i nā hōʻailona momona. ʻO ka wahine i kēia manawa lohi e hānai i nā pēpē a mālama pono iā lākou. Ke ulu maikaʻi o nā keiki, akā pono lākou i mau mahina o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻike i ka mākaukau o ka hana ʻana i nā kālai a me nā hole. Ke aʻo aku nei nā mākua iā lākou e komo i ka waiwai āpau, ʻo ka kūkulu ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻamau, haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ko lākou ʻohana a ʻimi i kā lākou ʻāina e hiki mai i ko lākou makahiki ʻelua a ke alakaʻi nei i kahi noho maleka a hiki i ka wā i loaʻa ai lāua i ka male.
Hōʻike ka ʻōpio Beaver i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, akā hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine i ka hana aloha ma 3-5 mau makahiki o ke ola.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kahi beaver maʻamau ma ke ʻano he 17-18 mau makahiki, Kanada - 20 mau makahiki. Akā, ma ka vivo he maʻamau lākou i ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau rodents i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hānai mālama i hiki i 30 mau makahiki.
Kamaʻilio ʻana
I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kāʻei, e kamaʻilio nā beaver me kekahi me ke kōkua o ke hoʻopili ʻana i kā lākou huelo i ka wai. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau ka haʻi ʻana o nā poʻe pākahi i nā malihini i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo i komo i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e hana ma kahi pane, e ʻae ana iā ia e nānā i ka hewa o kāna mau manaʻo a me ka pae hoʻoweliweli āna i kū ai.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio ai ma o nā ʻano pose like ʻole, a me nā leo hoʻi: hiki i nā holoholona ke walaʻau a me nā ʻihi.
ʻO nā pono a me nāʻino o nā beavers
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ʻike ʻia nā beavers no kā lākou makemake ʻana no ka kūkulu ʻana: e hoʻopiha ana i kā lākou mau pā, ua hana lākou i nā ʻānina e hoʻoponopono i ka pae o ka wai i nā kino wai. I ka hopena, hiki i ka wai ke hoʻopuka i nā ʻāpana nui o ka nahele a luku iā ia. Hiki paha ke pilikia a me nā alanui.
ʻO ka lua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka launa i nā kūlana no ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, ke lilo ʻana i ka pa alima no ka hina, ke keʻokeʻo, ka salmon a me ka iʻa trout i ka wai i loko o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi.
ʻĀnō e nānā i nā hana o kēia mau holoholona mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ke kaila ʻana o nā ʻōpala beaver e noho ana ma ka wai kahe a me ka wai ʻole o ka wai, a me kēia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka wai i ka wā o ke kaiakū, hoʻēmi i ka lalo a me ke kai liʻiliʻi, hoʻopau i ka manawa o ke kauwela haʻahaʻa, a kōkua hoʻi e hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano o nā punawai a me nā kahawai i luku ʻia ma muli o ka hana kanaka. Pēlā kēia hana i ka nahele i noho ʻia e nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a no laila, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kūpono i ke ahi ahi.
Ke hoʻomoe nei i ka kahe o ka kahawai, hoʻoulu nā kumulāʻau i ka hōʻiliʻili sediment, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana filtration kūlohelohe e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā pōʻino mahele o ka wai. Eia kekahi, ke ulu nei nā kino nui o ka wai i nā pono ʻē aʻe, e like me, e like me, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka ékological.
Hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻo Beavers i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka hares, deer, ka hānai ʻana i ka "ʻōpala" o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia e hana ai i nā kāmela, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e huki i nā holoholona predatory.
Pēlā ka hana a kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi i nā pili wai kokoke, a hiki i kahi kanaka ke hoʻonui i kona ʻike i kā lākou pono ola ola a hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā e hiki ai i nā poʻe ʻelua a me nā ʻoka ke hoʻohana pū me ka ʻike.