I ka wā ma mua, ua pālahalaha loa ke kahua o ka papa hōkōhelehele a me kahi hapa ala-steppe forestry mai Hungary a hiki i ka Irtysh, a ma hope iho hoʻi, i lalo o ka mana o ka kīloi i nā ʻāina puʻuwai, ua nalo i nā wahi āpau, ke ola wale nei ma nā wahi o ka ʻāina hoʻoili hema ʻole. I kēia manawa, aia nā pūʻulu i kahi mau wahi kaawale o ke kaʻina ahi-girder o nā wahi Kharkov a me Lugansk o Ukraine, mahele hema o Rūsia a me ka waena waena o Volga, nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina o Volga, a me nā Urals Hema ma Northern Kazakhstan. He hua kupa ʻo Baibak o nā ʻōpala i hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻōpala. I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōpala, hele koke ka mauʻu i ka lepo wīkani a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, i nā "pilikia." ʻO nā wahi kūpono no ka noho ʻana he wahi liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻāina paʻa. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e like me ia, ma nā wahi e noho ai ka baibak me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole a me ka manawa pōkole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa
Baibak Marmota bobak ʻo kekahi o nā mākaʻi nui loa o ka ʻohana squirrel: kona kiʻekiʻe o kona kino he 50-70 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kāne ka 10 kg. Pono ke kino o ka baibak, me nā wāwae pōkole, paʻa i ka wāwae, a me kona poʻo ke nui, ʻōwili ʻia, e noho ana ma kahi ʻāʻī pōkole. Hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i nā marmots ma o ka huelo pōkole (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 cm) a me ka kala poli-melemele.
Habitat, noho a ʻano maʻamau
Noho ʻo Baybaks i nā kolikoli kūloko nui, hoʻonohonoho i nā lua no nā pahuhopu like ʻole a me ka paʻakikī loa i ka hale. He liʻiliʻi na ʻuʻuku o kā lākou manawa pōkole, pōkole, me ka puka komo, ʻaʻohe hale e waiho ai, i loko o lākou e holo ai nā lehelehe mai ka weliweli, i ka manawa pō ka manawa. Aia he 10 mau pahuhopu i loko o ka groundhog i loko o ka wahi meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā paila maʻamau, he hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. ʻO nā kulu kauwela (brood) i hōʻike i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana, ua pili lākou me ka maka ma o ka hapa (a hiki i ka 6-15) nūhou. Mai ka papa nui o ka lua, ua haʻalele ka nui o nā moʻo a a i ʻole nā make make, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā latrines. Ma ka hohonu o 2-3 m, aia kahi keʻena nūnū me ka nui a hiki i ka 0.5-0.8 m³, kahi e kau ai ka groundhog i ka mauʻu a me nā aʻa. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo (hoʻoilo) i nā lua i ka lua, akā ua paʻa nā keʻena nīkī i loko o ka hohonu, i nā kekona ʻole o ka ʻāina - a hiki i ka 5-7 m mai ka ihu. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o nā pauku a me nā ʻanuʻu o ka puʻu mau loa i ʻike ʻia he 57-63 m. Ma nā kikoʻi paʻakikī, aia kekahi mau lumi o nā ʻano like ʻole, a me nā kahelehele he mau papahele. I ka wā e hana ʻia ai ka puʻu paʻa mau a hiki i ka hapa haneli kūmole kūmole o ka lepo e hoʻolei ʻia i ka papakū, e hana ana i kahi kuahiʻu. ʻO ka maʻamau, kū pololei ka marmot i kahi o ke kākala o ka chernozem steppe i kahi kala māmā, ʻoi aku ka lepo, saturated me nā waihona nitrogen a me nā minela mai ka lime marmot. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puʻu 40-100 cm me ka lōʻihi o 3-10 m. Ma ka marmot kokoke i ka lua i noho ʻia, aia kahi wahi i hehi ʻia mai nā wahi e nānā ai nā marmots i nā kaiapuni. ʻO ke koena o ka marmot e uhi ikaika i nā mea kanu, ʻokoʻa ʻole mai nā ka pua a puni: ka ʻōpala, palaoa, a me ka kermek e ulu ma aneʻi. I loko o kahi ākea ākea ākea, a hiki i ka 10% o ka papa ke uhi ʻia i nā marmots, ʻo ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai i kahi ʻanoʻano aʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He aha nā meaʻai mariki e waiho ai?
ʻO ka marmot steppe e ʻai i nā meaʻai momona a me nā mea palupalu, a me kāna mau punahele punahele he mau ʻiʻo hihiu, mauʻu palaoa, chicory, clover a me ka mahinaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, makemake lākou i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mea kanu. No laila, i ka wā mua o ka puna, ua ʻai ʻia nā groundhog e nā rhizome me nā ʻōpala i ke kauwela, i ke kauwela - ʻo nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, a me nā pua. I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kauwela, i ka wā e pau ai ka ulu lāʻau, hele nā mamao o ka baqaki i kahi mamao o kā lākou ʻuʻuku e ʻimi ana i nā wahi palu me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā hua ʻōpala a me nā hua ʻai i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū ʻaʻole i eli ʻia, hoʻopuehu ʻia me nā ʻōpala. I ka lā o ka mauʻu, e ʻai ana ka baibak i ka 1-1.5 kg o ka nui o nā mea kanu. Mālama ka ʻōpala i kahi haki manu i nā ʻona manu - nā ʻūhini, nā mollusks, nā anuʻi, ant pupae, ʻai mau lākou iā lākou me ka mauʻu. ʻAʻole ka lāʻau hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole maʻamau ʻo ia i inu i ka wai, ka ʻike me ka umu e loaʻa i nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ka hau kakahiaka.
ʻO ka hiamoe ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma ke ʻano he groundhog "
Ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, hōʻiliʻili nā marmots i 800-1200 g o ka momona, a hiki i 20-25% o ko lākou paona. I ka hopena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa, hōʻiliʻili nā holoholona i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo i nā pūʻulu o 2-5 a 20-24 mau kānaka. Hoʻopili lākou i nā komo āpau i loko o ka lua me nā hōʻino kūwaho ʻaina mai kahi kāwili ʻana o nā feces, ka ʻāina a me nā pōhaku a hāʻule i loko o ka hānau nui loa, ʻo ia mau mahina 6-8. ʻAʻole hāʻule ka mahana o ka lewa i loko o nā pahu o bajbaks ma lalo o 0 ° C a hiki i nā fravy koʻikoʻi. I ka wā hānau ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ke kaʻina o ke ola o nā marmots: ua iho ka mahana o ke kino mai 36-38 a 4.6-7.6 ° C, hanu ka hanu i lalo i nā hanu he 2-3 i kēlā me kēia minuke ma mua o 20-24 mauʻano, a me ka puʻuwai o ka 3-15 kikokahi mau minuke ma kahi o 88-140. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe hānai nā marmots a aneane ʻole e neʻe aku, noho no ka mea mālama o ka momona momona. Akā, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu i ka wā o ka ʻahaʻaina, i ka pūnāwai, e hānai pinepine nā wahi i nā mea momona, me kahi mālama o 100-200 g o ka momona.
ʻO kahi kāhea groundgle i ka pōʻino
Hele mai nā Marmots mai ka hānau ʻana i ka hopena o Pepeluali - ka lā mua o Malaki. Ke loaʻa nei kahi momona momona, ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi a ʻeli nei i nā lua palekana hou, ma hope - e hoʻoponopono a hoʻonui i nā lua noho. Hoʻomaka ka hana iā lākou me ka lā, i ka wā e ala nā holoholona a hele no ka hānai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka groundhog, mālama lākou i ka ʻike (posture i kahi kolamu) a kani leo (kelepona ʻōwili, hōʻailona hōʻino). ʻO ka hapanui ʻelua mau kahua lepo i loko o kahi koloni e hoʻokani i ka mea hoʻouna a ʻo kekahi e hānai. ʻAʻole emi ka lohe ʻana o ka groundhog ma mua o ka hihiʻo, no laila, ʻo ka hōʻailona nui o ka pōʻino, ʻaʻole ia he nui o nā pīpī e like me nā ʻano o ka congener e holo ana i kahi lua. E ʻike ana i kēia, ke holo ʻolua kekahi mau marmots i nā lua, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā ʻano hoʻōho. I ke awakea, ua hoʻomaha ka baibaks i nā ʻau pō, a i ke ahiahi ke hele hou e hānai. Ma ka honua o ka honua he lākou i hoʻopau ai i nā hola 12-16. E neʻe ka marmot i nā hakakā gusty, i kekahi manawa e hoʻokau a kāpae i kahi wahi. Ua holo ʻo ia mai ka hahai ʻana, holo koke ʻo ia, e hiki ana i 12-15 km / h ma nā ʻāpana papa, a hoʻāʻo e peʻe i ka lua e kokoke ana.
ʻAno hānau
I ka hoʻomakaʻana o Malaki - ʻApelila, hoʻomaka ka manawa o ka male. ʻO ka hapai i loko o lākou e mau ana i ka 30-35 mau lā, ma loko o kahi brood maʻamau 3-6 mau kū. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio a nā pēpē hou a he makapō, 9–11 cm ka lōʻihi a he 30-40 g ke kaupaona ʻana (ʻo kēia ka 1% o ka paona o ka makuahine). E hoʻomaka wale ko lākou mau maka ma ka lā 23. I ka wā hāpai a me ka umauma, neʻe ke kāne i kahi lua. ʻAi ka wahine i ka waiū a i ka 50 mau lā, ʻoiai ma ka makahiki he 40, i ka hopena o Mei a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, ua hoʻomaka mua nā marmots e hānai i ka mauʻu. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻohana marmot i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā mākua a me ʻelua mau ʻohana pehu. Akā ua ʻike ʻia nā holoholona i hōʻailona ʻia i ka hapa o ka makahiki i haʻalele ʻia i ko lākou ʻohana a noho i loko o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe he mau keiki hānai, a me ko lākou mau mākua, e ʻae i nā pahu haole. Noho nā moena me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ke kauwela o hope, ma hope o lākou e kūkulu ai i kā lākou mākeke ponoʻī. Akā ua hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻoilo o ka lua ma mua me ko lākou mau mākua. Kahi mau wā ʻōpio i hiki i nā wā wīwai wale no 3 mau makahiki o ke ola.
Aia i hea kona hale
Nui ka nui ma nā wahi o luna, akā ʻo ka kanu ʻana o nā ʻāina hou, ka lawaiʻa mau i kā mākou baibak aloha a hōʻemi i ka helu.
Aia nō ʻo ia ma ka ʻāpana komohana o Kazakhstan, noho nui ʻo ia ma nā wahi ākea mai nā Urals a hiki i Irtysh kaulana, ua lōʻihi ke kāohi ʻana o ka ʻāina ma nā kapa o Don.
Pehea e ola ai kahi baibak?
Hiamoe ʻo ia no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua makahiki, ke koena ka manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka lā hānau e hiki mai ana. He aha kāna mea e hana nei? Hoʻokumu kekahi pūʻulu holoholona i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā lua. He aha kahi holoholona kupaianaha kupanaha i kūkulu i home no ka hoʻoilo a me kahi kahi no ke kauwela.
Hana lākou no nā makahiki, hana i home, ka lōʻihi e hiki ai ke ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mina haneli mika, huki ka nui o ka ʻāina. Kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻano nānā nānā ʻana ma hope o ka lua no kahi ʻike hohonu o ke kaona pili.
Ke mākaukau i nā ʻuʻuku, hoʻomaka ka baibak e hoʻomākaukau i ke kino no ka ʻahaʻaina lōʻihi, e ʻai nui ana e hele ai i kahi momona momona.
He aha ka mea e moe ai ka baibak? Nā hana holo a pau i ke kino. ʻO ka hāhā ʻana o nā holoholona, hōʻokiʻī, a me ke ea ʻana o ke kino e hōʻemi ʻia ai ka manawa o ka baibak i loaʻa ka manawa e mālama i ka ola ma muli o ka momona o ke kino.
Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka puna. ʻO nā holoholona make loa e lilo i aloha. ʻIke koke nā keruba. ʻO ka wahine hoʻokahi wale nō mahina e hānau i nā pākēleka o ka helpless a me ka bulbachat makapō.
No nā lā he kanahā, ʻai wale nā keiki i ka waiū a ka makuahine, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hū i nā mea kanu a hoʻomākaukau no ka ola kūʻokoʻa.
Ka wehewehe holoʻokoʻa
ʻO Groundhog ka nui loa. E hiki ana i 60 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne nui loa ma mua o ka hoʻoilo e hiki ke piʻi i 8 kg. Hoʻolilo ʻo Marmots i ka nui o ko lākou ola ma nā lua.
Aia ka ʻōpū o Marmot i ka hapanui o nā ʻāpana palaki. A ʻo nā mea maʻamau e ʻike ʻia mai nā wahi mamao mai lalo o nā kahe o ka lepo - marmots. Aia nā lua he 2 a 4 mau mika ka hohonu, me nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi.
Ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, hōʻiliʻili nā marmots i kahi kilakaha o ka momona. A hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau i ka wā hānau. Ua laina lākou i nā lau maloʻo me kahi keʻena hoʻoilo i kahi lua. Hoʻopili i nā puka āpau mai ka lua a me ka ʻohana holo a pau i ka hānau ʻana.
Aia kekahi mau koho maʻalahi i nā kuʻekuʻe, pōkole, me kahi pākahi hoʻokahi. I loko o lākou e pale ai i ka pilikia. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kekahi o kēia mau lua.
ʻAʻole loa au i manaʻo e waiho i kahi punawai lepo, inā ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i ʻekolu mau pakanu peʻe ana.
Ma ka Lūkia ʻoihana, ke ola nei ka steppe marmot, nā subspecies ʻEulopa. ʻO kēia kahi e noho ai i nā ʻeneke a me nā wahi ala.
E ikaika loa nā Marmots i nā hola o ke ao. Ma ka lā, piʻi lākou i ka papa. Mālama lākou, hoʻomaikaʻi a ʻōlū i nā pōpō hou I ka hana o ke ao, hoʻokahi a keu paha mau groundhog mai ka kolone e nānā i nā kaʻe. A inā he pilikia o ka haunaele, hoʻoku lākou i ka hōʻailona ʻoni a holo i loko o kahi lua. Ke ʻike nei i ka mea e holo ana, e lilo hoʻi nā mea a pau i loko o nā lua.
Holo lākou i nā marmots - baibaks, koe wale nō nā kānaka, nā alopeke a me nā ʻīlio hakakā.
E hānai ana nā hua Marmots i nā meaʻai kanu. I ka pūnāwai, hele nā ipu a me nā rhizome o nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai. Ke ulu nui nei ka mauʻu, ʻai ʻia nā hua kanu a me nā ʻōpala. Makemake lākou i ka ʻū, nā kō. I ka lā, hiki i kekahi holoholona ke ʻai a 1.5 kg o nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole lākou e hana i nā kumu waiwai no ka hoʻoilo.
Noho ʻo Marmots i nā kolone. ʻO nā ʻāpanaʻu e kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻohana. Mālama ka ʻohana i nā mākua a me nā poʻe ʻōpio, nā ʻōpio o nā makahiki ʻelua i hala. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻohana kona hoʻolālā kumu a lākou i ʻū ai a ʻaʻole ʻae i nā poʻe o waho. I ʻekolu mau makahiki ʻekolu, hele nā marmots i ka wā ʻōpiopio a haʻalele i ka lua hānau.
I ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka ka wā ulu. I ka Mei, ua ʻike ʻia nā makika liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o 40 mau lā e hānai ʻia i ka waiū umauma. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kamaliʻi. Ma hope o kahi mahina e ʻike ʻia ai lākou ma ka ʻili.
Kahi Hunt
ʻO Marmot ka huluhulu maikaʻi, kaʻai ʻai, a me ka momona momona hoʻi. No laila, he kiʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopu manu ma ka offseason.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala noi no ka lawena i ka mahina o Iulai-ʻAukake.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka Marmots i ka wela, a i ka wā ʻino, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ka lua i ka nui. No laila, ʻimi lākou iā lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha.
Ma kahi o ka marmots e pono ai e loaʻa i ka maluhia. I ke kakahiaka ma mua o ka lā e pono ai e noho i kahi puʻupuʻu a nānā. Pono e kali a hiki i kaʻe ʻana o ka baibak mai loko o ka lua. Pono ʻoe e pana wale i ka neʻe ʻana o ia mai ka lua. Hiki i ka holoholona make ke hāʻule i loko o kahi lua, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke huki hou ia i waho o kahi lua.
He mea kūpono loa nā māka no ka huki no ka rifled, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻike maka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi-caliber. Pono ʻoe e pana aku no ka ʻike. E hele kahi holoholona hona i loko o ka lua a make.
Akā me nā mea kaua i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. I kēia hihia, pono ia e hoʻohuli ma kahi lōʻihi a hiki i ka 50 mika mai ka marmot. A i ʻole e hoʻokokoke i nā holoholona hānai. Pono ke koho ʻia nā pahu kiʻi me kahi hapa mai 00 a 0000.
He aha ke ʻano o kahi roti kahi?
I waho, he nui ka baibak - kahi ia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻōpala mānoʻu me nā puʻupuʻu pōkole a me nā lima ma kona mau wāwae. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka paona o ka groundhog i ka 10 kg.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻihi he 55-70 cm, a ʻo ke poʻo ka 12-15 cm.ʻO ke poʻo ākea ka ākea nui e pili i ke kino.
ʻO kona kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha ka melemele-ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōpū. Akā ʻoi aku ka uliuli o nā lauoho o ke koena i koe, ka mea e ʻike ai ka hope o ka groundg i uhi ʻia i nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he kala ʻeleʻele paha. Mālamalama-ʻulaʻula i ka rodent wale nō ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ka muzzle. Hoʻopili ʻia nā maka me nāʻeleʻele, kokoke i nā kaomi ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka kala like a me ka hulu ma luna o ke poʻo o ka holoholona.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela, lilo nā puʻu nui i kaʻuhulu a me ka chubby.
Ma ka piko, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kino o ka baibak ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, a heʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka huelo. I ke kauwela, ʻo nā molts rodent.
Ke ola Baibak
Noho ka marmots Steppe i nā lua hohonu i nā kolone. Hōʻike ʻia ko lākou mau noho ma o nā puka ʻana a me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana, ka nui o ka lōʻihi o kekahi ke kiʻi i kekahi mau haneli mau mika. Kahi ʻia ka lalo o kahi lumi nūnū me ka mauʻu maloʻo a hana ʻia ma kahi hohonu o ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mika. Ma muli o ka honua ejected, kahi puʻu me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0,5 - 1 mika ka mea i kūkulu ʻia ma ka lehelehe o ka lua - hoʻohana pinepine nā holoholona iā lākou he "pou nānā".
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o Kepakemapa a mau ʻo 6-8. Ma mua o ke hāʻule i loko o ia mea, hoʻopamu ka marmots i nā ʻōpala o nā lau a uhi i nā inlet me ka honua a me nā pōhaku. I kēia manawa, ua hele ka nui i loko o hoʻokahi kilogram o ka momona. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe nui o ka hāuʻu ma mua o 0 degere Celsius. Holo ka hānau a hiki i ka lā Malaki.
I ka hihia e hoʻomaka ai, hoʻomaka ka holoholona i ke kani leo nui.
Ke ala aʻe, hānai nā holoholona iā lākou iho a hoʻomaka e ʻohi i nā lua hou. He mea hoihoi loa ka hānai ʻana me ka Rodent e nānā. ʻOiai ka ʻohana o kā lākou mau hoahānau, mālama hoʻokahi, a ʻelua paha mau groundhog e nānā ana i nā ʻaoʻao, e kū ana ma luna o ko lākou wāwae hind. Ke hiki mai ka pōʻino, hoʻolaha lākou i nā kaikunāne a peʻe ma kahi lua. Hele ʻo Baibaki i ka wikiwiki o 15 km / h a neʻe ʻo i ka lele.
He aha kai ʻai baibak
Mālama ka baibak i nā mea kanu. ʻO kā kāna papa ʻai e komo ai i nā ʻōleʻa hihiu, ʻili, nā ʻōpio, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole komo ka mea kanu i kēia papa inoa, no laila he mea ʻole ka rodent no nā kānaka.
He holoholona hānai holoholona ʻo Baibak.
I ka lā, hiki i ka holoholona ke 'ai a hiki i ka 1 kilogram o ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, aneane ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau i ka wai, ke ʻoluʻolu me ka pulupulu i nā mea kanu. ʻO kekahi manawa kai ʻai nā baibaki me nā mauʻu. ʻAʻole i maʻamau ka maʻamau o kēia mau rodents i ke kūleʻa no ka hoʻoilo.
He nui o nā Baibak
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā baibak nā manu make, Korsaks a me nā ʻīlio hihiu. Ma muli o ka huluhulu wela a me ka pono, ua pio ka ʻai o ke kanaka iā lākou.
Ma Mongolia, ʻai ʻia nā holoholona me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo calorie, a hoʻohana ke lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna i kā lākou momona e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i ka momona Baibaka ke hōʻola i nā maʻi ʻeha paʻakikī ʻoi ʻole ka hopena i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano ola
He pohiki loa ka kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka papaʻu kiʻekiʻe. He kino mānoʻo kona nui ma nā wāwae ikaika nāole. Nui ka poʻo, uhi ʻia i ke ʻano. ʻOkoʻa ka marmot mai nā ʻāpana marmots ma kahi ʻū pōkole - 13-18 cm ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻāpana monophonic one sandy māmā. Ma kona kua, ua pūlohelohe kona poʻo i kona poʻo. Paʻele nā pepeiao.
Hana ʻia ka lula ʻana i nā baibacs hoʻokahi ma ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ia ma Mei a i nā holoholona kahiko hiki ke huki a hiki i ʻAukake a hiki i Kepakemapa.
Noho ka marmot marmot ma nā papa manamana a me ke kuahiwi, makemake i nā wahi me ka nui o ka wai a me nā mea kanu loloa.I ka wā ma mua, ua pālahalaha loa ka baibak i nā wahi pihi o ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa, akā ʻo ka hopu nui ʻana a me ka ʻūhū ʻana i ka ʻāina i hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o kēia mau ʻano. I kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa i ka groundhog ma Northern Kazakhstan mai ka muliwai Ural a hiki i ka Irtysh a ma Rūsia ma nā ʻāina i loaʻa ʻole i ka Middle Volga, Southern Urals a me Don.
ʻAi ʻole ʻo Baibaki i ka hānai i nā mea kanu, hoʻopili like ʻole, chicory, palaoa, ʻai, ʻawaʻawa a me ka mahiʻai e paʻa ai iā lākou. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia i loko o kā lākou papaʻai nā pepeke - nā ʻūhini, nā kime, ka pupae o nā ʻoma a me nā mollusks. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua ʻai ke baibak i nā meaʻai holoholona, ʻai me ka mauʻu.
Hoʻomaka ka lā ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe papa. I ka pūnāwai, ma hope o ka puka ʻana i ka lā o ka hibernation, ua hānai nā holoholona i nui loa i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ua hoʻomake ʻia kā lākou aupuni. I ke kakahiaka hele lākou no ka hānai, a kali no ke wela o ke awakea i nā minks. I ke ahiahi, hele hou e hānai.
ʻO ka maʻamau, aia ke hoʻouna ʻia ʻelua mau hoʻouna i ka wā e hānai ai. I ka wa e pōʻino ai, hoʻokuʻu nā groundhog i kahi hōʻailona kani - ka mea lele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e loli ka lohe ʻana ma mua o ka hihiʻo, no laila, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui, akā he hoahānau pili i ka lua. ʻOiai ke lohi nei, holo, hiki i ka baibak ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki o 10-15 km / h.
Noho nā holoholona ma nā kolone nui, nona kēlā me kēia ona papa o nā ʻuā. ʻO nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi a me ka papa pāpaku e mālama i ka pale i kahi hihia. ʻOlohi lākou no ka hohonu ma mua o 1-2 mika. ʻO nā puʻu paʻa kahi e noho ai nā marmots i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. He nui nā puka o ka lua kauwela a me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā mahele o lalo. Ma ka hohonu o 2-3 mika kahi lumi brood kahi e hūlū ai ka lepo i ka mauʻu maloʻo no ka moena. Aia paha he nui nā kāmera. ʻO kahi kokoke i ka puka nui e pau nā mea make liʻiliʻi. I ka wā hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka ʻōpala lepo lepo lepo a me nā waʻa i laila, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā latrines. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā huni o ka hoʻoilo, akā he hohonu loa nā keʻena nīhou i loko o lākou, i ka mānoanoa ʻole ʻole o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka maʻamau ma ka hohonu o ka 5 mau mika.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā puka āpau e hiki i nā mile he ʻumi mau mika. Ua hana no nā makahiki Marmots i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ko lākou home, ma kahi o ka nui o ka ʻāina e kiola ʻia i ka ihu. ʻO ka hopena, kahi puʻu a hiki i 100 cm kiʻekiʻe a he 10 mau ākea ka laulā ma kahi kokoke i ke alo o ka puka. Kahi ʻia kēia ʻano puʻu e like me kahi baibak no ka ʻike ʻana o ka wahi. A ʻo ka mea kanu e ulu ana ma luna o ia ʻano ʻokoʻa me nā flora a puni. ʻO ka maʻamau wormwood, palaoa, a me ka kermek e ulu i nā kumulāʻau o nā marmots.
ʻElua a ʻekolu mau mahina ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana ka baibak e ʻai nui ʻana, e hoʻolālua pāpālua ʻia kona paona. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, heleʻo ia mai 800 a 1200 mau momona o ka momona. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hānau ʻana, ua emi iho ka baibaki a i ʻole e puka mai ana i waho o ka lua, ka huki ʻana i ka mauʻu i loko. I ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka mahina o Kepakemapa e ʻohi lākou i mau puʻu e hui pū ai i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻōpala o nā pōhaku, ka honua a me ka lepo. Hāpai ka hānau ʻana o 6-8 mau mahina. I kēia manawa, hana āpau i ke kino o nā holoholona i ʻoki ʻole. Ua emi ka nui o ka hanu, palpitations, hoʻohuihui ke ʻano o ke kino i 5-7 ° C. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻemi i nā uku ikehu a mālama i nā hana koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
I ka pūnāwai, e hoʻomaka ana ka makā i nā marmots. Noho ka wahine o ka wahine ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, a ma hope ua hānau ʻia nā keiki he 3-6. He kapa ʻole lākou, makapō a ʻaʻole pono i ko lākou kaupaona ʻana, ʻo 30 mika wale nō ka gram me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 9-11 cm. ʻO nā maka o ka baybachat wale nō i ka lā 23 o ka lā. I loko o 50 mau lā, hānai nā pipi i ka waiū makuahine, inā naʻe ma ke mau makahiki 40 he hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka mauʻu. Hana ʻo Baibak i ka makahiki kolu o ke ola.
Nā koho ʻē aʻe:
Nā hale kūʻai i nā mea pono a me nā pono BlockPOST
Mākou lawaiʻa Marlin
Kūʻai "Mayak" - nā mea āpau no ka lawaiʻa, ka hopu ʻana a me ka huakaʻi
Mākou lawaiʻa "reed"
ʻO ka palena kūʻai kikowaena o nā hale kūʻai "Berloga"
ʻO ka lole kūʻai kaua "Volzhsky Zori"
Hale "Boat House"
Kahu o nā loea loiloi "Yard"
"Predator" - kahi hale kūʻai o nā lako no ka lawaiʻa a me ka huakaʻi
Uka puula ia "Tula gun"
Kūʻai lawaiʻa "ʻelua mau minnows"
ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov
Baibak, a i Babak, a i ʻole ka maʻamau (steppe) groundhog (Latin Marmota bobak) - kahi koʻokoʻo o nā marmots genus, he mea noho o ka wahine puʻupaʻa o ka Volga. ʻO ka inoa Lūkini - "steppe groundhog", ka inoa Lekina - "Marmota bobak" a me ka inoa Pelekane - "Bobak marmot" ua hele mai ia mai ka Turkic - "baibak" - "groundhog". ʻO ka baibak kekahi o nā koʻi nunui: 50-70 ka loa o kona kino, ʻo ka nui o nā kāne hānai e loaʻa ana ma luna o 10 kg. He haʻalulu ke kino, pōkole nā wāwae, akā me nā manamana lima lōʻihi e paʻa ana i nā ʻōpū ikaika - kahi pono no ka eli ʻana i nā lua. I kahi wā pōkole, kokoke i kahi ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi e noho ana i kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, hiʻi ʻia i ke poʻo nui a me nā maka nui a me nā auricles e lōloʻi mai ka hulu. Hōʻalo ia ma mua o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Heʻiliʻili loa ka hulu, pohō loa, inā hoʻi i lalo i lalo. ʻO ka kala o nā groundhog āpau he monochromatic brownish-hina, ʻaʻohe hala a me nā ʻōpala like ʻole o nā mana o nā ʻāina, akā he mau ʻupuʻu he “pōmaikaʻi” ma ko lākou mau poʻo. He holoholona holoholona hihiu koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi kēlā; ke ʻano o ka holoholona o kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano o nā manu manu kūʻai, a no laila ke koi nui nei ia.
Hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i nā marmots ma o ka huelo pōkole (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 cm) a me ka kala poli-melemele. Ma muli o nā lauohoʻeleʻele o ka lauoho o waho, ua uhi ʻia kona kua i ka ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele a i ʻole a ʻeleʻele a ʻalaʻeleʻele, ka mānoanoa ma hope o ke poʻo a i luna o ke poʻo. He'ōmaʻomaʻo nā kukama, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā pehu ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka. ʻAno ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻōpū ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao, ʻeleʻele ka ʻaoʻao o ka huʻu. Aia nā māmele albino. Shedding ma baibaks hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, e hoʻomaka me Mei a hoʻopau (ma nā marmots kahiko) e ka hopena o ʻAukake, i ka huki ʻia i kekahi manawa a Sepatemaba.
E like me nā poli o nā ʻāina, he mau ʻāina weliweli loa nā kahua lepo i hiki ʻole ke piʻi i nā lāʻau. ʻO nā ala pākē he nui a me nā wahi hoʻoneʻe he nui o ka heʻu e noho ana i ka bakak. I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōpala, hele koke ka mauʻu i ka lepo wīkani a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, i nā "pilikia." ʻO nā wahi kūpono no ka noho ʻana he wahi liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻāina paʻa. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e like me ia, ma nā wahi e noho ai ka baibak me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole a me ka manawa pōkole. No nā manawa lōʻihi ke lohi nei i nā huaʻaina o nā lau mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe lohi a me ka kokoke o kahi kanaka e hoʻopilikia iā ia.
Hoʻohana ʻo Baibaki i nā mea kanu mea kanu. ʻO kā lākou mea punahele punahele heats oat (Avena sativa), palaoa mauʻu (Agropyrum cristatum), chicory (Cichorium intybus), clover (Trifolium repens) a me ka mahinaʻai puaʻa (Convolvulus arvensis), nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu ʻole i hōʻino ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka meaʻai maʻamau ke makemake i nā ʻāpana like o nā mea kanu. No laila, i ka wā mua o ka puna, ua ʻai ʻia nā groundhog e nā rhizome me nā ʻōpala i ke kauwela, i ke kauwela - ʻo nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, a me nā pua. I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kauwela, i ka wā e pau ai ka ulu lāʻau, hele nā mamao o ka baqaki i kahi mamao o kā lākou ʻuʻuku e ʻimi ana i nā wahi palu me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā hua ʻōpala a me nā hua ʻai i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū ʻaʻole i eli ʻia, hoʻopuehu ʻia me nā ʻōpala. I ka lā o ka mauʻu, e ʻai ana ka baibak i ka 1-1.5 kg o ka nui o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole maʻamau ʻo ia i inu i ka wai, no ka ʻoluʻolu me ka umu e loaʻa i nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ka hau kakahiaka. ʻUmeslelo i nā holoholona holoholona - nā ʻūhini, nā mollusks, nā anuʻa, nā ʻōpio antae, e ʻai maʻamau iā lākou me ka mauʻu. ʻAʻole ka lāʻau hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo.
Shedding ma baibaks hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, e hoʻomaka me Mei a hoʻopau (ma nā marmots kahiko) e ka hopena o ʻAukake, i ka huki ʻia i kekahi manawa a Sepatemaba.
I ka manawa mahana, ua ikaika nā marmots i ka lā, ʻo ka ʻino wale nō ke hoʻoiho iā lākou i loko o nā hale lalo. Ke ʻala nei, neʻe malie ka baibak mai kekahi lāʻau o ka mauʻu i kekahi, ke kaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōpū ma ka lepo, ka ʻili ʻana i kona ʻili a i lalo loa. ʻO kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau āpuni terrestrial i ka laulā a me ke ʻano he makaala mau ka holoholona. Mai ka manawa aku, ku ana ka groundhog, kū "kū i ke kolamu" a nānā pono a nānā. Kēia ʻano ʻano nui me ke koko o nā holoholona i hiki ʻole i ka marmot pōloli, ke ʻalā ʻana, ke neʻe pinepine nei i kona poʻo a e nānā. Ke mālie nā mea a pau ʻole wela, aloha aloha nā marmots i ka lā. Holo ka holoholona ma luna o ka marmot, hāʻule i lalo ma kona ʻōpū, e hoʻolōʻihi i kona mau wāwae, hoʻokuʻi i kona mau maka, mālama wale i kona poʻo.
Hōʻike ka Marmots i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pōʻino, no ka mea nui o ka mea predator nui, me nā kani nui a ʻelua like me nā "hag-hag". Eia kekahi o nā uwapo kūlala e ue nei i ka lua, ua ʻike koke ʻia ka ʻike o ke hoa me ke kaʻe e pīhoihoi a me nā poʻe a pau e holo i nā lua. Inā kapau ka lepo i ke alo o ka puʻu, hoʻowalewale ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka lepo a hū malu - hiki ʻoe ke hoʻokokoke iā ia. A inā ʻike ka holoholona ua ʻike ʻia ia, ua ʻoki a holo a lele ʻole, me kona huʻu i hāpai ʻia. ʻAʻole naʻe e hū koke nā baibaks i loko o ka lua, akā ua kahakiʻi i ka "kolamu" ma nā kime, me ka haki i ka huelo o kā lākou poʻo e loiloi ai i ke kūlana.
ʻOiai ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona, ka holo ʻeu ka baibak i weliweli, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hopu me ia. Noho ka holoholona hona i luna o nā wāwae ʻeha e kū ana i ka ʻenemi, hoʻopili i ka menacingly, kaomi i kona mau niho, e hoʻopili ana i kahi lāʻau i kālai ʻia me kahi puʻupuʻu make.
Inā ʻoe e hopu i ka marmot i nā lā mua e haʻalele ana i ka lua, hiki koke ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka mea āpau a lilo i manual holoʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo hou ka holoholona.
Noho ʻo Baybaks i nā kolikoli kūloko nui, hoʻonohonoho i nā lua no nā pahuhopu like ʻole a me ka paʻakikī loa i ka hale. ʻO nā mālulu pale (ka wa pōkole) he liʻiliʻi, pōkole, me ka puka komo, ʻaʻohe hale e pili ana i ka pūnaehana, i hū ʻia ka mau loko mai o ka pōʻino, i ka manawa pō ka manawa. Aia he 10 mau pahuhopu i loko o ka groundhog i loko o ka wahi meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā paila maʻamau, he hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. ʻO nā kulu kauwela (brood) i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka holo ʻana; ua pili ʻia lākou i ka honua i nā pae (he 6-15). Mai ka papa nui o ka lua, ua haʻalele ka nui o nā moʻo a a i ʻole nā make make, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā latrines. Ma ka hohonu o 2-3 m, aia kahi keʻena nūnū me ka nui a hiki i ka 0.5-0.8 m³, kahi e kau ai ka groundhog i ka mauʻu a me nā aʻa. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo (hoʻoilo) i nā lua i ka lua, akā ua paʻa nā keʻena nīkī i loko o ka hohonu, i nā kekona ʻole o ka ʻāina - a hiki i ka 5-7 m mai ka ihu. Aia nā ona o ke kauwela-kauwela. ʻO ka loa lōʻihi o nā pauku a me nā ʻanuʻu o ka puʻu mau loa i 57-66 m. Ma nā kikoʻi paʻakikī, he nui nā keʻena o nā ʻano like ʻole, a me nā kahelehele he mau papahele. I ka wā e hana ʻia ai ka puʻu paʻa mau a hiki i ka hapa haneli kūmole kūmole o ka lepo e hoʻolei ʻia i ka papakū, e hana ana i kahi kuahiʻu.
Ma loko o kēlā ʻohana like ʻole o ka ʻohana, e kaʻana like nā holoholona i ka ʻuʻuku, a hōʻailona i kahi āpau maʻamau (a hiki i ka 2.5 ha) a mālama mau i ka maka a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi me kēlā - ua lohe maoli kā lākou kani aloha ʻia kokoke i ke kolone.
E puka mai ana ʻo Baikoes mai ka wā hānau i ka lā hope o Pepeluali - i ka lā mua o Malaki. Ke loaʻa nei kahi momona momona, ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi a ʻeli nei i nā lua palekana hou, ma hope - e hoʻoponopono a hoʻonui i nā lua noho. Hoʻomaka ka hana i ka lā, i ka wā e ala nā holoholona a hele no ka hānai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka groundhog, mālama lākou i ka ʻike (posture i kahi kolamu) a kani leo (kelepona ʻōwili, hōʻailona hōʻino). ʻO ka hapanui ʻelua mau kahua lepo i loko o kahi koloni e hoʻokani i ka mea hoʻouna a ʻo kekahi e hānai.
E hana ana nā marmots i ka wā popoki ma 3 mau makahiki he nui, ma nā kanaka hoʻokahi i ka 4 makahiki o kona mau makahiki. Loaʻa nā makahi i hiki i ka hānau ʻana i nā keiki ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻolālā nā Marmots i 6-10 mau makahiki. E hoʻomaka ana ke holo ʻana i nā baybaks ma hope koke o ke ala ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hōʻū i ke ʻōpū i ka lā Malaki - ʻApelila, ma ia mau wahi kahi lōʻihi ka hānau ʻana, make nā holoholona ʻoi loa i nā lua hoʻoilo. A kekahi mau wahine, inā he mau momona o ke momona e waiho ana ma hope o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, e hānau ai ma mua o ka puka mua ʻana mai ka lua. Noho ʻo ka wā hapai a 30-35 mau lā, ma loko o ka pā o ka 3-6 cubs. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio a nā pēpē hou a he makapō, 9–11 cm ka lōʻihi a he 30-40 g ke kaupaona ʻana (ʻo kēia ka 1% o ka paona o ka makuahine). E hoʻomaka wale ko lākou mau maka ma ka lā 23. I ka wā hāpai a me ka umauma, neʻe ke kāne i kahi lua. ʻAi ka wahine i ka waiū a i ka 50 mau lā, ʻoiai ma ka makahiki he 40, i ka hopena o Mei a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, ua hoʻomaka mua nā marmots e hānai i ka mauʻu. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka nāhelehele, i ka mahina i ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka papa. Ke pāʻani nui nei lākou, palaka maʻa mau ma luna o ka marmot, akā ma hope o 2-3 mau lā ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākaʻikaʻi o ka poʻe kiaʻi - mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa ke lilo i "kolamu", e haki i kā lākou huelo, a me kahi kuhi i ka pōʻino. Loaʻa nā Marmots i ka wā'ōpio i ka makahiki ʻekolu.
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻohana marmot i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā mākua a me ʻelua mau ʻohana pehu. Akā ua ʻike ʻia nā holoholona i hōʻailona ʻia i ka hapa o ka makahiki i haʻalele ʻia i ko lākou ʻohana a noho i loko o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe he mau keiki hānai, a me ko lākou mau mākua, e ʻae i nā pahu haole. Noho nā moena me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ke kauwela o hope, ma hope o lākou e kūkulu ai i kā lākou mākeke ponoʻī. Akā ua hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻoilo o ka lua ma mua me ko lākou mau mākua. I ka holoʻokoʻa maʻamau, he ʻano maluhia nā marmots, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hakakā a hoʻokuke i nā holoholona ʻē wale nō.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hōʻiliʻili ka marmot i 800-1200 g o ka momona, kahi a 20 - 25% o kona paona. Hoʻopau nā holoholona a emi iki paha i nā lua, hoʻopou hou lākou i nā nests, ka huki i ka mauʻu maloʻo i loko o lākou. I ka hopena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa (ʻaʻole ma mua o ka lā 20) e ʻākoakoa ana nā marmots i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo i nā pūʻulu o 2-5 a 20-24 mau kānaka. Hoʻopili lākou i nā komo āpau i loko o ka lua me nā hōʻino kūwaho ʻaina mai kahi kāwili ʻana o nā feces, ka ʻāina a me nā pōhaku a hāʻule i loko o ka hānau nui loa, ʻo ia mau mahina 6-8. ʻAʻole i hāʻule ka mahana i ka lewa i loko o ka lua, ʻoiai i loko o nā manawa nui, no ka hāʻule ʻana ma lalo o 0 ° C. I ka wā hānau, ua pau ka hoʻōla o ke ola o nā marmots: ua iho ka mahana o ke kino mai 36-38 a 4.6-7.6 ° C, hanu nā ka hanu i ka hanu 2-3 mau minuke ma kahi o 20-24 mauʻano, a hāʻule ka puʻuwai o ka puʻu i 3-15 kikokahi mau minuke ma kahi o 88-140. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe hānai nā marmots a aneane ʻole e neʻe aku, noho no ka mea mālama o ka momona momona. Eia naʻe, no ka mea haʻahaʻa ka lilo o ke ola i ka wā o ka hibernation, i loko o nā pūnāwai punahele e hānai maikaʻi ʻia, me kahi mālama o 100-200 g o ka momona.
ʻO ka baibak, e pili ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo, hiamoe ka 6 a 8 mau mahina. He mea kupaianaha nō lākou i hele i ka hibernation ʻoiai inā i nā pōʻino maoli kūlohelohe - no ka laʻana, ma hope o nā ahi e hoʻopau i nā mea āpau. Ke waiho nei nā lālā āpau i kahi lua hoʻoilo, ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā manawa a hiki i 10-15 marmots i loko o ka lumi hoʻonani, kahi e kūleʻa ai kahi kaila maikaʻi o ka microclimatic. I loko o ka pūnana, ʻo ka ea o ka ea he 5-7 °, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino kino o nā holoholona.
He liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi i kēia manawa, ka nui o nā ʻīlio a me nā alopeke. Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻouka ʻana, ma ka hāʻule, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā marmots i noho pinepine i ka brood. Ke ʻimi ʻia nei lākou e nā ʻīlio a me nā manu o ka mea i make, ka hewa, ke kohu, nā korsaks. Akā ʻo kāna ʻenemi kumu nui. Ma muli o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā anuʻu a me ka hopu nui i ka nui no ka mau manu maki, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ka noho ʻana i ka pae holika a me ka pae ala alahele. I kēia manawa, he hoʻomaikaʻi i ʻāpana i nā hanana kūikawā, ua kau hou ka baibak.