ʻO ka manu o ka mea i pio, ʻo ka ʻaila gula, no ka ʻohana o ka ʻalāʻau a me ka aeto. ʻO kahi pale pale o ke poʻo gula a me ka ʻāʻī e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻaeto gula mai nā ʻohana.
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Hōʻike hōʻikeʻike
ʻIke maikaʻi ʻo Golden Eagles ma mua o ke kanaka me ka ʻike hemolele. He mau maka nui nā manu e noho ai i ka hapa nui o ke poʻo.
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ʻO nā ʻēheu mai 180 a 220 paha kenimika; ma ke pānaʻi ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 5 kilograms.
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E like me nā wahine like ʻole he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o 1/4 - 1/3 ma mua o nā kāne.
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ʻOkoʻa ke kala kala ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula i ka poni, ma ke poʻo aia ka lei melemele gula ākea a me ka nape. Aia pū kekahi ma nā wahi ākea ma luna o nā ʻēheu o nā ʻēheu.
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ʻO nā ʻōlima gula ʻōpiopio e like nō me ka pākeke, akā naʻe, he dimmer a me ka plkage a spkled. He ʻōpala keʻokeʻo ko lākou poʻo, aia kahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka pūhaka kuʻekuʻe, kahi e emi iki ai kēlā me kēia molt, a hiki i ka piha piha ʻana o kahi pākeke i loko o ka makahiki lima o ke ola. ʻO ka huelo gula he mau ʻāpana ʻehā, ua uhi pono nā wāwae i nā hulu.
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ʻAno noho manu
Makemake nā ʻaila gula:
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- Nā ʻōpio
- papu
- wahi ākea
- wahi ʻole.
Akā no ka pili ʻana i koho i nā lāʻau nui a i nā mauna paha.
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Ma ka ʻākau a me ke komohana, ola ka ʻaila gula i nā tundra, prairies, pastures or steppes. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka home no nā manu; i ke kauwela, koho nā ʻila gula i nā wahi me nā meaʻai he nui e hānai ai i nā hua. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā ʻaeto gula no ka meaʻai, lele manu me nā kahe a me nā muliwai paha.
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He mea maʻamau kēia manu ulu ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Asia.
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ʻO nā mea ʻai i nā ʻaeto gula
ʻAʻole kēia manu he mea hihiu, akā he mea predator e kālele mau ana i ka nui o nā alopeke a me nā māka. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻaeto gula e maikaʻi no ka wāwahi i ka nui. ʻAi nā ʻaila gula i nā holoholona make wale i ka manawa pōloli, i ka wā paʻakikī ke loaʻa ka meaʻai.
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Hōʻuluʻo Golden Eagles i nā mamalia, e like me:
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- lāwelu
- ʻO nā kiʻi
- kāmole
- hares
- nā hipa ʻeha a i ʻole nā holoholona nui,
- nā ʻala,
- ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
I nā mahina hoʻoilo, inā lawa ʻole ka hana ʻana, ke kīleʻā aila gula e ʻohi a me ke kīpī hou.
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I kekahi manawa, ke kaalo ʻole ka palaka, a ʻai ka mea ʻulaʻula:
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- Kauwauwa
- haole
- nā kāʻei
- Nā Wolverine
Hāʻawi i nā wahi ākea a ke gula e koho ai no ka ʻai, e hāʻawi i kahi kime haki kūpono no nā manu, e ʻae iā ʻoe e holo koke mai ka lewa, ʻaʻohe wahi e holo ai a hūnā.
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Loaʻa i ka Golden Eagles nā maka kūpono a nānā i ka mea pōʻino mai ka lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpū manu e pepehi a hoʻoili i ka mea ʻai, me kā lākou mau ʻū e ʻānai ai i nā meaʻai i nā ʻāpana.
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ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōiwi gula ma ke ʻano
He manu hoʻohāʻule ʻole ʻo Golden Eagles, akā i kekahi manawa ke hoʻokau nei lākou i ka uwē ʻana.
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ʻO ka ʻaeto gula he manu ʻano nani, nāna i hoʻopuni mau i nā hola me kaʻole o ka lewa, ʻoiai no ka wela wela. Hōʻele ka manu i ka lewa mai ka lepo, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻaila gula i kahi ala lōʻihi a hala ʻole paha e ulu i ka lewa.
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Hoʻolālā ʻ Elelo Moʻi ʻEle Hui Piha
Ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka ʻai, ke lele lele ʻana a lele ʻole paha ma luna o nā kaho, a nānā pū nō hoʻi i kā lākou mea i pio mai nā lālā kiʻekiʻe. Ke ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻeha, e wikiwiki ʻo ka ʻaeto gula iā ia, a hopu iā me nā puʻupuʻu. Hōʻalo ʻia nā lālā o ka pālua, ke hopu ka lua o ka manu i ka mea make, ke haʻalele ka mea pepehi i ka mea mua a i ʻole ka manu hoʻokahi i alakaʻi i ka mea make i ka hoa hana.
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Pahu a keiki
ʻO kahi lehulehu o nā manu ʻole i uku ʻole ʻia e noho ma waho o nā wahi hana, e kākoʻo ana i kekahi heluna nui o kēia manu nui a lohi.
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ʻO ka hoa ʻaila gula a me kahi hoa hoʻokahi no ke ola, kūkulu i nā nests ma ko lākou wahi a hoʻohana aku iā lākou. Ke neʻe nei ka kāne, e ʻimi ana i kahi maikaʻi e ulu ai nā cubs. Kūkulu ʻia nā nests mai nā lālā lāʻau koʻikoʻi, i kau ʻia me ka mauʻu.
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Pono ka mamao o ka pūnana me ka 2 mau mika a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 1 mika, ʻona kaʻa nui e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā nests e pono me ka hoʻonui ʻana me kēlā me kēia hoʻohana ʻana. Inā pili ka lāʻau ma kahi lāʻau, wāwahi nā lālā kākoʻo i kekahi manawa ma muli o ka paona o ka nalo.
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Hoʻokomo nā wahine i ʻelua ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻoilo / ʻeleʻele mua. Hoʻopili koke ʻia nā Golden Eagles ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua mua, ʻike ka lua ma hope o 45 - 50 lā. I ka ʻeiwa o nā hihia he ʻumi, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻekena i ola. I nā makahiki maikaʻi no ke huki ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ola. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mau mahina, haʻalele nā manu ʻōpio i ko lākou mau mākua a hana i ko lākou holo mua mua ʻana.
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Hoʻolimalima ka nui i nā kaila gula ma ka wā o ko lākou ʻōpio. Holo aku nā ʻōpio gula ʻōpiopio i kā lākou iho a ua hewa pinepine ʻia nā buzzards no ka like o ka like me ka like like a me ka ʻona like.
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ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻaeto gula a me nā kiʻi
ʻEleʻele gula - ua paʻakikī loa ka manu. Mahalo i kona hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōpū o ka lewa, hiki iā ia ke ʻalū no nā hola i ka lewa, ke ʻimi nei no kahi mea i make. He kino ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ka ʻaeto gula. Kāleʻa ʻāma gula aia ma kahi o 70-90 kenimita ka lōʻihi, nā sayaki i ka awelika 180-250 kenimika. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻaila gula wahine nui ma mua o ke kāne. ʻO kona paona i hiki aku i 7 kilograma, a ʻo ka paona o ke kāne maʻamau mai 3 a 5 kg. He ʻano ʻōkuhi a ka pua ʻōiwi i ka manu e pili ana i ka manu. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe nā hulu ma ka ʻāʻī - ma ka ʻaeto gula gula elongated iki.
ʻO nā eheu gula ʻalepona he lōʻihi, ākea a ikaika loa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e kahi curvature kūikawā o nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻēheu o ka ʻaila gula i ke kumu, no laila ʻo Sihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu he S-ʻano. Me ka nui o kēia mau makahiki, lilo kēia i ʻike nui. Hiki ke hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻaeto gula i loko o kahi mokulele dive ke hiki i 320 km / h.
ʻO ka lihi o ka ʻaeto gula iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a lōlū i ka maka ma mua o ka ʻaeto. Ma muli o kēia, ʻano like ʻo ia me ka haole, akā ʻokoʻa ka mea ākea pālahalaha i ka wā o ka lele.
ʻEleʻele nā maka o nā ʻōlima gula, ʻeleʻele, ka ʻeleʻele, nā ʻeleʻele, a me nā kukui a me nā wāwae a me nā kukui.
ʻO ke ʻano a ka leo ʻaeto gula i maʻamau no nā ʻaeto, sonorous, e like me ko ka ʻīlio e hele ana. ʻAiʻe gula - kahi manu o nā huaʻōlelo, i kekahi manawa ke lele ma ka lele, ke kaniā i ka wā o ka holo ʻana o ka lele, ʻoiai e pale ana i ka ʻāina, ka kamaʻilio pū me nā moa.
ʻO ka hana nui i ke kala o ka pālule gula ʻōpiopio, kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā hulu hulu gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo i mua ka nui o ka poʻo. ʻAʻole like nā kala melemele a me nā wahine: like like nā pena ʻelua. Aia ka hoʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻelele ʻōpio. I nā manu ʻōpio, aneane loa ke kala, ʻeleʻele a ma luna o nā eheu i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo e nalowale ana i ka makahiki lua o ke ola. Wahi a nā ornithologists ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻaeto gula, ʻo kēia mau "ʻeleʻele" e lilo i hōʻailona no nā pākeke.
ʻO ka hulu keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu o kahi aʻe gula i hōʻike i ka ʻike ʻole o ka manu ʻōpiopio, e hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e nānā ai i ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻē, e pale ana i nā aʻelemakule holookoa mai ka hoʻonāukiuki. Ma ke kaʻina hana o nā hoʻoheheʻe, lilo nā manu ʻōpio a ʻoi aku ka "makua" i ka pena, ua paʻa paʻa ʻia e 4-5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka kala o ka hulu o ka manuahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo pōpoki me nā aniani mai ke aniani a ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā ʻolima gula
Aia he 6 subspecies o nā kūloko gula, ʻokoʻa ka ʻoniʻoni o nā hulu a me nā ʻāpana.
- Akuila chrysaetos chrysaetos - ke noho nei ma ka Hikina Hema a me ʻEulopa mai Scandinavia a hiki i Siberia.
- Meila chrysaetos canadensis (Kālā Kēlā Kiona) - noho ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
- ʻO wauila chrysaetos homeyeri (Keeto gula ʻeiā Hema) - noho i nā mauna o ke komohana a me ka hema o ʻEulopa, ma nā Carpathians, a me Caucasus, ma Iran.
- Akuila chrysaetos japonica (ʻĀpio Ailima Iapana) - e noho ana ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Kurilika Hema, ma Iapana, ʻĀina Kina.
- Akuila chrysaetos daphanea (ʻĀpio gula ʻĀpelika ʻAmelika) - noho i nā mauna o Central Asia.
- Akuila chrysaetos kamtschatica (ʻĀpana Siberian eagle gula gula) - noho i ʻAsia Hikina, ma Siberia, ma Chukotka, hiki iā lākou ke aloha i Primorye, Mongolia.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻaila gula?
Noho ka ʻolima gula ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika a me ʻApika. ʻO nā pua ma nā kuahiwi, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma nā pāpū. I ka lewa, ke huli nei ka manu ʻōiwi gula i ka mea pio, no laila ke makemake nui i nā puka ākea nui.
Noho ka manu nei mai nā wahi noho o ke kanaka, ke alakaʻi nui i ke ʻano noho maikaʻi, noho i nā pālua. Aia ka pūnohu ʻaeto gula i kau ʻia i nā pines, oaks, no ka liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā pōhaku, maʻamau i kiʻekiʻe mai ka lepo.
ʻO ka ʻaeto gula ma Lūkini ma ka palena o kahi i hala a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka Red Book.
Kāleka
ʻO ka ʻaila gula - kahi manu nui nui. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka manu ʻōpiopio he 85 cm, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 180-240 cm, ua kau ʻia ka paona ma 2.8 a 4.6 kg i nā kāne a mai 3.8 a 6.7 kg i nā wahine. ʻO ka beak ka mea maʻamau o ka hapanui e pili ana - ke kiʻekiʻe, ke kihi, ʻōwili ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā ʻēheu he lōʻihi a ākea paha, pili i ka waihona, e hāʻawi ana i ko lākou ʻaoʻao hope i kahi lehele S-ʻano - kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kaila o ka lele i loko o ka lele. He lōʻihi ka huelo, puni, i ka lele a wehe me ka pā. Ua nui nā wāwae o ka ʻaeto gula a ua uhi piha ʻia me nā hulu hulu.
Pahuʻula ka ʻala o ka manu o ka manu makua, i kekahi manawa me ke kaʻe gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻOlua nā hiʻohiʻona wahine a me nā kāne. I nā ʻōpiopio'ōmaʻomaʻo, he ʻeleʻele ka plumage, ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻohu "hōʻailona" keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna a me lalo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu ʻōpio e kekahi ʻili mālamalama me kahi kaula ʻeleʻele ma ke kaʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ka pena like ʻole iā lākou mai nā ʻāʻio gula kahiko a pale iā lākou mai ke ahonui - ʻaʻole ʻae kēia mau manu i ka noho ʻana o nā malihini ma ko lākou ʻāina.
He hoihoi! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻaeto gula he welo maoli loa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka holo lele mai ka lōʻihi o ʻelua mau hola. I ka manawa like, kikoʻike nā ʻūku kūikawā maka i ka lepa ma luna o ka mea, pale i ka manu mai ka nalo ʻana iā ia, he mau helu nui o nā pūpū me nā poʻomanaʻo (cones a me nā koʻokoʻi) e hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi nui loa.
ʻOkoʻa ka manu ʻEulle i nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka mea i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻoni, a me ka hihiʻo binocular - ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā kiʻi mai nā maka ʻelua, e hana ana i ka hopena o ka ʻekolu-ʻano. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e koho i ka mamao o ka hana e like me ka hiki.
ʻLeʻele a me ke ʻano
ʻO ʻEnelima Golden Eagles - i noho i nā manu monogamous. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i kahi pālua ʻōiwi elemakule ke noho i kahi wahi no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia mau manu i nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe ma ko lākou wahi. ʻAʻohe ʻano hui o waena ma waena o lākou. Ma ka like like nō kēia i kēia mau manu i nā mea ikaika nui loa i mau a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola.
He hoihoi! ʻOiai ka manaʻo o ka ʻaila gula ʻaʻole i pili i nā launa pili pūnaewele, i kekahi mau wahi (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia) aia kahi moʻomeheu o ka hopu me kēia mau manu.
A holo maikaʻi ka poʻe hahai manu e hoʻohana pono iā lākou - ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka nui a me ka ikaika, hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke ahia i ka poʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo nā manu manu e hoʻoulu i ka lawaiʻa a hōʻike i kekahi aloha no lākou.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
Ka Puʻuwai Uweʻi Piha Holo Pōhaku Nui. ^ E Ha yM. ʻIke ʻia kēia manu ma kahi o ke Kipuka ʻākau. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, noho ʻo ia a kokoke loa a puni ka ʻāina ʻAmelika (e makemake ana i ka ʻaoʻao komohana). I loko o Aferika - ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻEleka i ka ʻāpana mai Moroko a hiki i Tunisia, a me ka Kaiʻula. I ʻEulopa, loaʻa ka nui ma nā wahi kuahiwi - ma ʻEsolika, nā Alps, Carpathians, nā mauna Rhodope, ka Caucasus, ma ke kūkulu ʻina o Scandinavia, a me ka papa o nā Baltic a me Russia. Ma Asia, loaʻa nā ʻalike gula i Turkey, Altai, i ka mauna Sayan, he mea nō hoʻi ia ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka Himalaya a me ka mokupuni o Honshu.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho o kahi noho ʻana e ka hui ʻana o kekahi mau mea: ka hiki ʻana o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi pūnana, kahi mākaʻi no ka lawaiʻa a me ka ʻae ʻana i kahi lako meaʻai (ʻo nā mea nui ka nui). Me ka noho hou ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻāina i hoʻohana ʻia e ia, ʻaʻole i lilo nā mea kokoke i nā hana a ke kanaka a me ka poʻe. I ka manu hihiu, pili nui ka ʻaila gula i ka hopohopo kanaka.
ʻO kahi noho maikaʻi loa no ka ʻaeto gula he awāwa mauna naʻe, akā hiki i kēia mau manu ke noho i nā lua o ka ʻaluna a me ke kuʻi manu, i ke alahele a hiki i nā wao nahele aia nā wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi ʻano wale nō o ka ʻāina e kūpono ʻole ai ka ʻaeto gula i kahi lāʻau pohō. Ma muli o nā ʻāpana nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke holo ma waena o nā kumulāʻau a ʻimi maikaʻi ʻoi aku.
Paʻa ʻEleʻele
ʻO nā ʻolima gula nā mea e hoʻōho, nā meaʻai nui e paʻa ai i nā mea he nui: squirrels ground, hares, and marmots. Ma ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana o kahi ʻano kaiāulu: no ka laʻana, ma ka ʻōlelo o Lūkia mau eʻae a me nā manu ʻē aʻe, a ma Bulgaria - i nā honu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻolele gula i ka mea hiki iā lākou ke lele mai i kahi ʻenemi nui a ikaika hou: e loaʻa pinepine ana nā hihia i nā lika, nā ʻaeʻa, nā aloole, a me nā ʻaeto gula e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i nā alelo i nā wahi steppe. Hiki i ka ʻaeto gula e noho kokoke ana i ka noho kanaka e hōʻoki i nā holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hoʻoilo, ke wā hina ʻo rodents. Aia nō i loko o ke kau anuanu, nui nā manu (aopū nā ʻōpio) e hānai ana i ke kalaka.
Pono kekahi manu makua i ka 1,5 kg o ka ʻi i ka lā, akā inā pono, hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke hele ʻole me ka ʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi - a ʻelima mau pule.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
No ka poʻe eʻalike gula i nā mea kau o kahi ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ia ka mea e noho ai ʻo ia ka ʻoi loa i loko o ka hale ʻai, a he hana ʻole no ka ʻenemi maoli. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi wale nō iā ia ke kanaka - ʻaʻole ia no ka luku wale ʻia, akā no ka mea maʻamau o nā kānaka aeto nā aeto ʻaʻole i hānai, akā haunaele, hiki iā lākou ke kiola aku i kahi pū me nā moa.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia ka ʻaeto gula he manu ʻilihune a kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book, eia nō naʻe ia no ka mea ʻauhau o ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi loa, no ka mea e kū mau nei kona helu, a i nā makahiki i hala mau nei ke piʻi mālie nei. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi nui i kēia ʻano puka mai ka ʻaoʻao kanaka.. ^ E Ha yM. I nā kenekulia 18 a me 19, ua kuhi pono ʻia kēia mau manu, mai ka wā i luku ai lākou i nā holoholona (no laila ua kokoke luku piha ʻia nā ʻaila gula i Kelemānia).
I ka kenekulia 20, ua make lākou no ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides - i ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai, ua hōʻiliʻili koke nā aila gula i nā mea i loko o ke kino, kahi i hana ai i nā hana hewa o ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic a me ka make o nā pua ʻae ʻole i kūlei ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana nui i ka helu o nā manu ka noho ʻana e nā kānaka kūpono i nā wahi e pili ana i nā pānaʻi a me ka nalo ʻana ma muli o kā lākou hana o nā manu a me ka nui - a nā kumu ʻai o nā ʻaila gula.
I kēia mau lā, i nā ʻāina he nui i hana i ka pā o ka ʻaila gula i hana ʻia i nā hana e mālama a hoʻihoʻi hou aku i ka nui o kēia mau ʻano. No laila, ma Rusia a me Kazakhstan, ua hui ʻia nā ʻaila gula i loko o nā Red Red regional. Mālama ʻia nā pūnaewele huna liʻiliʻi ʻo ʻEleʻeleka e nā malu kūlohelohe. Aia wale ma Rusia e noho nei kēia manu ma nā papa he iwakālua. Hiki i nā ʻōlima gula ke noho i nā zoos, akā ʻaʻole palupalu ma ka noho pio ʻana.
He aha kā ka ʻaila gula e ʻai ai?
He manu lele o ka manu ʻōlo manuʻai, he mea pio ka nui o nā rodents, hares, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻole i ka ʻohana mau hulu, ʻai i kekahi mau manu.ʻAi ʻia ka ʻaeto gula ma nā keiki bipi, kāula a me nā hipa. ʻO ka papa ʻaila gula e pili ana i ka pā liʻiliʻi a me nā pāʻani nui: nā kākela lepo, ferrets, skunks, Woodchucks, Turtle, hedgehogs, martens, squirrels, ermines, nā alopeke, roe deer, reindeer, pigeons, black grouse, capercaillie, quail, ducks, herons, partridges , nā ʻūlani, nā ʻenena, nā puʻu, nāhelehele a me nā pōa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ʻaeto gula i ka mea i pio ka nui: ma nā ʻehā a me nā mea maʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻole i ke kālai. ʻO ka noi maʻamau o kēlā me kēia manu manu he 1.5 kg o ka ʻi i ka lā. Inā pono, hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke pōloli a hiki i 5 mau pule.
Pehea e mālama ai ka ʻaila gula?
Holo a ʻōlele gula i ʻelua, koe wale nō no ka wā hānau. Kau ʻia ke ʻano huluhulu no ka huluhulu: ʻo ka mea nāna e kolohe ka nui i nā hola ma ka lewa, e ʻimi ana i kahi waiwai mai luna, a i ʻole he hoʻouka kaua mai kahi e hoʻohālua ana. Ma nā manawa ʻino, noho kēia mau manu ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e noho ai lākou e kali ana no kahi mea i kūpono. ʻO ka pinepine loa, kaʻe ʻo ka ʻīlio gula i ka pāʻani me ka wāwae hoʻokahi ma hope o kona poʻo, ʻo ka lua ma hope o kāna kua, e haki ana i ka kikoo me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika, a e kī ʻia ana hoʻi i ka koi koi, e wāwahi ana i nā kīʻaha koko, a lawe aku i kahi mea make i ka ʻōpū. ʻIke pinepine nā poʻe noiʻi e pili ana nā ʻaila gula i ka mea i lawe ai i nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻailona i nā ʻōuli gula ma ka Wild
He manu nā manu eʻaleka gula, no laila noho mau lākou me kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma ko lākou ola a ʻoiai ko lākou hoa ola. Loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻīlio gula he 2-4 nests, hoʻohana ʻia ma ka huli i nā makahiki ʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka manawa mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, hana nā manu i ka lele a hōʻike i nā ʻano lewa like ʻole: hiki i kēia ke kaʻi like me ka nui o ka lele me kahi nui, i hana ʻia e ka hui a hoʻokahi paha manu, a me nā lele huakaʻi, e hōʻike ana i nā kumulāʻau, a me nā lele lele. I ka wā e holo ai ka nalu, e piʻi ana ke kiʻekiʻe o ka eʻe, a laila hāʻule i lalo me kahi pōhaku, ma ka palena haʻahaʻa e hoʻomaka ai e piʻi hou a hāʻule hou i lalo.
Holo ka wahine a ka wahine wahine i nā hua e like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana - i waenakonu o ʻApelila Ma ka lāpau mai 1 a 3 mau hua. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine incubate hua kūʻai no nā lā 45. Hāpai ka wahine ʻaeto gula hānai i nā moa, lawe ke kāne i ka waiwai pio. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pīpī gula a me nā mākua i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻaeto gula ma ka home, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopoina ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana me ka ʻaila gula. Lawe ʻia nā manu ʻōpio mai waho o ka pūnana, akā hiki iā lākou ke hopu i ka pākeke. No ka wikiwiki i ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi ʻaila gula i ke kanaka, pono ʻoe e kaupalena i ka meaʻai. No kēia, hānai ʻia ka ʻaila gula i kēlā me kēia lā a hāʻawi aku i ka ʻai o 300-350 mau ʻai. Kau ka mea hune i ka lei lole a kau i kahi ʻāʻio gula ma luna, huakaʻi me ia a puni ke kūlanakauhale e hana i ka ʻaila gula i hana ʻia i ka leo a me ka ʻike o nā kānaka, a kauo pū i kahi manu i luna i kahi holoholona i kālai ʻia ʻia. Hoʻokomo i kahi manu i loko. Pono nā maka e uhi ʻia me kahi pūlū e kū mālie ai ka manu a ʻau ʻole.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana me ka ʻaeto gula he mea leʻaleʻa i ka lawaiʻa no nā poʻe lawaiʻa ʻike. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine nā poʻe e ʻimi me kā lākou manu.
Hoʻolaha gula: ʻo ke kumu o ka inoa o ka manu
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Lūkini kahiko "eeto" i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe o ka poʻe Slavic e kokoke kokoke ana i ka Germanic Aar a i ʻole Aro (Scandinavian Orn, ʻo Scottish Erne).
Ua hoʻopuka nā mea kākau Lūkini o ka kenekulia 18 i kā lākou hana i ka inoa ʻo "ka pōhaku" a me ka "ʻelele" gula (no ka laʻana, ʻo V. Levshin) i kēia manu ikaika a hanohano, aia paha e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Kelemānia iā Stein-adler, Goldadler.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "ka pāpū gula" (burkut a me burkut) i nā aouka Turkic. Kūkaha nui kēia mau manu i nūhou ma Asia Asia. Ma laila lākou e hoʻohana ai no ka mahiʻai holoholona.
Lāhea
ʻElia hina - kahi manu i loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kāna mau moa.
Hoʻohana nā lālā lāʻau ma ke ʻano o ke kūkulu hale ʻana no ka hana ʻuʻuku, no laila, hiki ke mālama ʻia ia mau hale paʻa i nā makahiki he nui. Kūpono lākou ka 2 mau mika. Pēlā nō, no ka pāla, hiki i nā manu ke hoʻohana i nā lau kanu, nā hulu a me nā hulu.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe mākua i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, akā na ka makuakāne wale nō ka meaʻai no ka lā 2 mau mahina. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e waiho i ka ʻaila gula wahine i ka nīnū me nā moa i hoʻokahi minute.
Pīpī nui loa ia i ke kāne a me ka wahine no ke ola i mālama i kā lāua kāne a kūkulu i kahi pūnana i kahi manawa ma kahi hoʻokahi.
He aha nā meaʻai a nā ʻaila gula?
Pākuʻi kēia mau manu i nā ʻano ʻanoebrebrates. He manu manu ka manu lele, nā mea nui o nā mea nui: nā mammals (young deer, wolves, chamois and foxes, groundirrels and hares), nā manu (capercaillie, herons, blackbirds and magpies). Eia kekahi, ʻo ko lākou waiwai pio he mau nahele a me nā hoki. A i ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā mālama ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka kalima.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ka ʻaeto gula he manu kūpono, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻopau nei i nā holoholona kalepa. ʻO ka hope loa he haʻahaʻa a maʻi paha. Ke hoʻopau nei iā lākou, ke hoʻōla nei ka ʻaeto gula i nā koena o nā holoholona.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka ʻaeto gula he genome o nā aeto e pili ana i ka ʻohana hawk. E like me nā poʻe a pau o kēia ʻano, ʻike ʻia ka ikaika a ikaika kino. Mahalo i kāna mau akamai e kaupaona a hoʻohana i nā ʻenekin air, hiki i kahi manu ke kūmole i kekahi mau hola i ka lālani i ka lewa, e nānā ana i ka mea i hopu.
I ka lōʻihi ʻāleʻa o ka ʻaeto gula hiki aku i hoʻokahi mika, ʻo 2 mau mika nā manawa he 2 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ka nui o kāna mea i koho ʻia. Ina ʻo ka paona o ka kāne ma ka awelika ma waena o ka 4-5 kg, a laila hiki pinepine nā wahine i ka 7 kg. He kūlohelohe kolo ke manu e pili ana i ka beak, kahi i hoʻoili ʻia i kona ʻano. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano ʻo nā hulu, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke koena o ke kua.
ʻAʻole wale nā ʻēheu o ka manu wale nō, akā he lōʻihi, paʻakikī. I nā holoholona'ōpiopio, loaʻa lākou i kahi ʻano kikoʻī. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻēheu o ka mea i loaʻa i kahi kumu paʻa, no ka mea ʻike ʻia kahi kakaliki mai ka ʻaoʻao o hope, hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka leka S o ka papa Latin.
Ma ke ala, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hōʻailona i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia mea i ka holo ʻana. I ko lākou uluʻana, lilo ia i kēia ʻike o nā ʻēheu. I ka wā holo, holo ka manu i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 120 km / h.
ʻO ka lihi o kahi manu hānai manu he lōʻihi iki, palu iki i ka maka a like me ka haawe. Hoʻohālikelike kēia iā ia mai nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano ʻaeto. A piʻo ka manu, ʻike kekahi i ke ʻano o ka plumage ma ka huelo e ʻōlehu ai i ka ʻano like-fan.
Hōʻike ʻia nā manu o kēia ʻano e nā maka ʻulaʻula, nā beaks o ka brown a i ʻole nā kala ʻeleʻele, i ʻike ʻia kahi kumu melemele. ʻAno nā pale, ikaika, aneane a puni ko lākou kahua he aniani a me ka plumage, e ʻike nui ʻia ai lākou.
I ke kumu he melemele lākou i ka waihoʻoluʻu a hoʻolako ʻia i nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. ʻO ka leo o ka aeto he ʻōnaehana kūhelu ia o nā ʻano o kāna ʻano: ke kani nui, me he mea e hoʻomanaʻo ʻana no ka ʻīlio ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe wale ia ma ka manawa o ka male, ka palekana o kahi noho a kamaʻilio pū me nā hua.
Ke kala o kahi kanaka ʻokoʻa, ke aniani o ke kala a me ka ʻeleʻele me nā hulu o kahi ʻāpana gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo mua. ʻAʻohe ʻōnaehana gula ʻolua no ka kala ʻana i ka wahine. Aia ka ʻokoʻa i waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā kanaka ʻōpio.
I nā manu a hiki i ka 4 mau makahiki, loaʻa ke aniani i nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma lalo o nā ʻēheu. E nalo ana lākou i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamākahi ma luna o nā malama he ʻumikumamākolu. ʻO nā poʻe loea e noiʻi ana i ke ola a me nā ʻano o ka poʻe predator i manaʻoʻiʻo ua ʻike kēia mau wahi i nā manu makua ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa ʻole.
ʻAe kēia iā lākou e ʻimi ma ka ʻāina ʻē me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e nā pākeke. Hoʻohālikelike nā manu ʻōpio i ko lākou mau mākua me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting, ke hāʻule ʻana ka hopena hope loa o ka gamut kala i ka ʻehā a ʻelima paha makahiki o ke ola o nā ʻano ʻelele. E huli ana i ke kala me nā kukui a me kaʻulaʻula.
I ka huina, ʻeono helu subspecies o nā ʻaila gula i helu ʻia, nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāpana.
- Maikaʻi kekahi mau ʻōiwi maʻamau e noho i ke kūkulu ʻākau a ma ka hikina o ʻEulopa, a ma ka laulā o Siberia, Norekada, Denemaka a me Suena. Alanui ke kino a me nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole heʻeleʻele paha.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano hemahema hema ma nā wahi mauna o Caucasus, Iran, ka Carpathians, ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Europe. I ke kino, saturated brown i ka plumage a me ka hulu o kahi pale palaka pale i ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī. Loaʻa kēia "sub" kahi kūloko i kēia poʻo.
- Lūlima ka poʻe kikowaena o Central Āpana i ka hihele a me ka pūnana ma nā mauna Altai, a me ka Tien Shan, Pamir, Tibet. Kāleʻele mai ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele me nā hulu lōlani ma ka nape.
- ʻO ka noho mua ʻana o ka ʻaeto ʻAmelika ʻo Kanada, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Kāleka kalaʻula-ʻeleʻele me kahi kāʻei gula ma ka nape.
- Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o East Siberian ma ka hikina o ʻAsia, Mongolia, Chukotka, Siberia, a me ka Primorsky Territory. Hiki i kahi kala keʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha.
- Ua makemake nā subspecies i Iapana e noho i Northern China, Iapana, a me nā Kauleʻa o Kuril Hema. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e pili ana i nā poʻohiwi.
ʻĀnō ke ola
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i kahi manu o nā nui nui ma ka home, eia naʻe, e like me nā mea ʻimi lawehi, pono ia pono. E like me ke kānāwai, lawe ʻia nā moa ʻōpio mai ka pūnana, akā ʻike kekahi mau poʻe nui.
No ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka manu i nā kānaka a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke aʻo ʻana o nā holoholona, ua kaupalena ka mea hoʻonani i ka meaʻai. ʻO kāna māhele he 300-350 g o ka ʻai, ʻoiai ka ʻeto e hānai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hāʻawi ka mea hopu iā ia i ka manu ma kahi lima i mālama ʻia e ka pale lima, ae hele pū me ka holoholona i nā wahi ākea, no laila ke hele ka manu i ka leo o ke kaiāulu. Pāʻule iā ia ma luna o ka holoholona hihiu.
Aia lākou i nā ʻaeto gula i loko o kahi hoʻopuni a i loko paha, ke uhi mau nei lākou i ko lākou mau maka e hōʻoia i ka maluhia a pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻolei ʻana. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, hele i ka waiwai me kēia manu e ʻike no ka leʻaleʻa maoli.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, nui ka poʻe e ʻimi hoʻokahi, kēlā me kēia me kāna eʻe gula gula. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, ma ka awelika, kahi mea wīwī hulu manu e noho nei no 23 mau makahiki. I ka pio, ke kumuhana o ka mālama pono ʻia, hiki i nā mea hoʻokahi ke noho i ʻelua mau manawa he nui.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
No ka manu ʻEagles ka manu manu-like like ʻano ʻohana ʻohana o nā ʻalā, he ʻano o nā aeto, he ʻano o nā aila gula. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i hiki ke hele i kahi ʻekahi i ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā manu. Nui nā manaʻo o ko lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ke kumu mai nā dinosaurs. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā kūpuna kahiko o nā manu manuahi i loaʻa i ka manawa Jurassic (ma waena o 200 a me 140 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Whakaahua: Keawe ʻEleʻele
ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka eʻe gula ma kahi mamao. ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, ua malū ka poʻe i kēia poʻe hōʻino. Hōʻailona nā ʻaeto gula e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻaina a me nā nīnana twist. E hana i kahi pā, kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka manawa pinepine he pine a aspen paha. Ua manaʻo ʻia he manu monogamous. Ua koho lākou i hoʻokahi a me nā manawa maʻamau i loko o kēia pākahi i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa.
Pili lākou i ke ʻano o nā nests, mai kahi a i ka ʻelima, a ola mau i laila. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā nests he 13-20 mau kilomita. I ka home o kahi pālua, hiki i nā ʻōpio ke kū ʻole i hana i kahi pālua e noho mālie. E ʻike pono ana nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā kaiāulu. No ka mahiʻai e koho i kahi pūnaewele kūlike. I ka hoʻoilo, ke piʻi ikaika ka nui o ka meaʻai, e hoʻonui ai ke eʻe gula i kahi o nā holoholona.
Makaʻu nui nā manu i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kanaka i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe. Inā ua ʻike kekahi kanaka i kā lākou pūnana, kahi i pili ai nā hua, nā ʻalā gula e hoʻokele pinepine ʻia. He manuahi ikaika ka ikaika o nā manu. E hoʻomau lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ka mea i hōʻemi a lilo i mea pio i loko o lākou. Hoʻolako ʻia ka poʻe hoʻomaikaʻi me ka mana nui. Hiki i kekahi manu makua ke hāpai i ka lewa i kahi kaumaha e piʻi ana i 25 kilokilo. ʻO ka ikaika o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻāʻī i ka ʻāʻī o nā wīwī nui o kahi ʻīlio makua. Hāʻawi ʻia nā manu e ke ahonui, ka hiki ke kiʻi i nā wāwae, a me ke ʻano no hoʻi o ka hakakā ʻana.
ʻOiai ka nui o kona nui, he mea maʻamau no ka lele ʻana i nā hulu hulu i lele maikaʻi ʻia, ʻūlū koke i ka lewa, a hoʻololi koke i ko lākou ala huakaʻi. No ka hānai manu, koho wale ʻia ka manu i ka lā, ke hiki ka lewa i kahi mahana a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi e hoʻomehana i ka ea. Kūkulu nā manu i kahi ala kūikawā kahi e lele ai nā ʻaeto gula ma kahi o kā lākou mau waiwai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ia nō kā lākou ʻano ke koho i nā lāʻau kiaʻi mai kahi e wehe ai kahi mākaʻikaʻi ākea o kahi ākea nui. ʻO nā ʻano ʻāpana manu e ʻimi ai i nā manu. ʻO kā lākou nui, mai 140 a 230 mika square mika. km ʻAʻole ʻike nā ʻōlapa gula i ka puhi ʻana i ka leo; mai kēlā manawa ke lohe wale i kekahi mea.
ʻ populationlelo heluna
Ke kuapo nei ʻaila gula i loko o ka Puke ʻaha, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia he mau manu manu luhi. Eia naʻe, e like me ka ʻike i kēia wā, ʻaʻole i emi ka nui o nā kānaka i loko; i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nānā ʻia kahi hoʻonui o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hana kanaka wale nō ka mea e hoʻopilikia i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona.
I nā makahiki ʻumikumamāwalu ʻumumāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua kulu ʻia ka hulu manu, ma muli o nā mea make i nā holoholona. No laila, ma Kelemania, kokoke pau nā luna o kēia ʻano. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea hoʻomehana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā helu.
Mai ka hānai ʻana o nā manu i nā mea ola, ua komo nā pū me nā mea kanu manu me ka nui o nā pūlima manu, a ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mea e hoʻouluulu ai nā mea'ōpiopio.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nui nā kānaka i nā teritore, e palena ana i ke koho o ka noho ʻana ʻaʻole wale nō i ka ʻaila wale nō, akā i ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi, he mea e ʻai ʻia ana. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule o ka nui o nā manu.
I mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana aku i ka nui o nā ʻōlima gula a pale iā ia mai ka hānai ʻana, i nā ʻāina he nui i hopu i ka noho ʻana, e pono ana nā hana āpau e pono ai. No laila, i ka nui o Rūsia a me Kazakhstan, ua koho ʻia nā wahi e pili ana i nā aeto i nā wahi i pale ʻia a hoʻomalu ʻia.
Ma ke ala, aia wale nō i loko o kā mākou kuleana ke ola ʻana o ka ʻaeto gula ma mua o 20 mau kihi e mālama ʻia. Hiki i nā manu ma nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa a me nā zoos, akā me kēia ʻike e luhi nui loa lākou.
ʻO ka wā hānau a me ka wā hana
ʻĀpana gula - manuka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kāna hoa kāne e ka paepae. Hoʻonohonoho kēlā me kēia i 2 a me 12 mau nests a hoʻohana iā lākou i ka huli ʻana i nā manawa like ʻole, e kūkulu mau ana a hoʻomaikaʻi hou. ʻO ka manawa o ka moena e mau ana mai ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, a ʻoi aku ka pololei - mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila.
I ka manawa o kēia manawa, ke hōʻike nei nā ʻōiwi gula iā lākou iho i ke lele, e hana ana i nā kiʻi ma nā ʻano he nui a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea o ka hopu. ʻO kēia ʻano ka ʻano manawaleʻa manu manu me ke kūlohelohe, aia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hoa, a i ʻole i paʻa i kahi pālua. Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi poperty i ka makahiki 4-5.
Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua i loko o ka pūnana i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila, ma mua o ʻaʻole o ʻekolu mau hua. Hoʻopili nā mea ʻelua i ka hatching alternately. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina ma luna o nā lā he kanahā ʻelima. A laila, hānai nā kāne, loaʻa ka meaʻai, a hānai ka wahine i nā ʻōpio. Ma hope o 2.5-3 mau mahina, e haʻalele nā poni i ka nū.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hōʻailona: ʻEnelani lele ma ka lele
He monogamous ʻo ʻEleʻele gula ma ke ʻano. Mālama ka hapa nui a me ka hoʻōki i ka hui i koho ʻia i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka koho o ka hapalua ʻokoʻa e hiki i nā makahiki he ʻekolu. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka hopena o Pepeluali a kū i ka hopena a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā pāʻani o nā manu he mea hoihoi loa ia. He mea maʻamau no nā kāne a me ka wahine e hōʻike i ko lākou nani, ikaika a me ka hana. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma nā holo kupaianaha. Loaʻa nā manu i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. A laila huna lākou i lalo a hohola i nā ʻēheu nui i mua o ka ihu o ka honua. Hāʻawi pū lākou i ke hōʻike i ko lākou hiki i ka hopu. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā claws, simulate i ka hahai a me ka hopu ʻana i ka waiwai.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana o nā manu i hoa kāne, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻaloli i kā lākou mau huaʻala a kau i kā lākou hua. Kahele nui lākou i ke koho ʻana i kahi i kūkulu ai i kahi pā.ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau kēia kahi wahi paʻa i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi pāna e hele ai i ka 1.5-2 mau mika, a ʻo ka laulā he 2.5-3 mau mika. Ua kūkulu ʻia ia i nā lālā a me nā hua pua, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka lalo i nā lau a me nā moss. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pākahi a ʻekolu ʻekolu hua. He hina-hina ke kala i ke kala me nā waiho uliuli. Pono ka hua ʻoki no ka malama a me ka hapa. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi ke kāne i ka wahine, akā naʻe kēia hana.
Hoʻohui hua ʻōpiopio i nā hua huli. ʻAi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio i ka nui a me ka ikaika, a hoʻohele hou aku i nā mea palupalu a me nā nāwaliwali mai nā meaʻai a nā kāne. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā mākua e hoʻihoʻi i ka pono. Ma muli o kēia, ua make ka moa nāwaliwali i ka pōloli. Kokoke ʻekolu mahina e noho ai nā ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻohana. Ma hope o kēlā, aʻo ka makuahine iā lākou e lele. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā moa he kumu liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā manu e kani ai i ko lākou leo. ʻO nā poʻe kahu mana i ka holo mau ʻana i ka holo ma ka pūnana a hiki i ka puna wai e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa ka ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 20 mau makahiki. I ka pio, ʻelua e pāpālua kēia kiʻi.
Hunt no ka mea ʻaihele a me ka meaʻai
ʻEila gula – manu kai hooikaika. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hānai, koho ʻo ia i nā hares, nā kiʻi, nā nui nui, nui ka ʻai ʻana i nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo nā pipi ʻōpio a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e like me ke kākela, nā hipa, nā keiki a me nā kao, e hana ana i mau pio.
Ma waena o nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi i ka meaʻai o ka ʻaeto gula ke ʻike ʻia i nā gophers a me nā ferrets, skunks, squirrels, marmots, ermines, ducks, partridges, geese. ʻO nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui, nā manu ʻahuʻula nona ka ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā kahe a me nā hoki.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ke manu e lele i ka mea i make, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua iā ia. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ia i nā kaluna. I kēlā me kēia lā, pono i ka ʻaila gula a i ka 2 kg o kaʻai, akā i ka pau ʻole o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka pōloli no nā 5 wiki.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o kahi ʻaeto he 8 mau manawa ma mua o ke kanaka, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe nei i ka lele, ʻaʻole kahi mea i pakele i pakele nā mea. E nānā paha ʻo ia e lūlū a lele iki paha i ka lewa a lele koke mai ʻo ia no ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e hūnā. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻaeto ma ka ʻāina, inā e hoʻopili ana i ka mea i hoʻopili me kona mau puʻuwai, ʻoi aku ka nui a me nā dodgy e hoʻopakele.
Mahalo i kona kino nui a me nā ʻēheu nui, hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke hāpai i ka lewa i kahi ukana e kau ana ma kahi o 20 kg o ke koʻikoʻi ola, a ma ka hakakā ʻana o ka ʻāina, e hoʻoilo ai i ka wolf i ke kaua, huli ana kona ʻāʻī. Ma waho o ka wā moe, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea nāhele i ka mea i make i ʻelua. Inā hiki i ka mea pepehi ke pakele mai hoʻokahi manu, e lawe koke ka hoa.
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ko lākou hakakā ʻana, he paʻakikī ka poʻe kuhi me ka ʻike ʻana i ka komo ʻana o nā poʻe waho ma ko lākou pae, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka. He mau kāne i hoʻonohonoho i kahi pūnana kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kuʻi a i waiho ʻia kahi mau hua manu e haʻalele iā lākou inā he kanaka e hōʻole aku iā lākou kokoke.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Hōʻike nā Zoologists i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o nā mea hoʻolaha.
- ʻO nā ʻaeto gula nā mea nona nā pākahi lōʻihi loa i ka ʻohana o ka ʻaeto.
- Ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻia nā wina, ua neʻe kēia mau manu i kahi mahana a i ʻole a lele wale mai ka mauna i ka ʻāina nihi.
- He ʻike maka e like me ka ʻaila gula ke hiki iā ia ke hana i ka pua lele mai ke kiʻekiʻe o 4 km.
- ʻO kēia mau manu ka wikiwiki loa o nā ʻaeto a hiki iā lākou ke holo i ka wikiwiki o 120 km / h.
- Hiki i nā manu ke kūkulu i nā nests, ma nā poʻo o nā kumulāʻau a ma luna o nā pali o nā pōhaku.
- Hiki i nā ʻuʻuku i nā makahiki ke holo i nā nui nui o ka wā.
- ʻAʻole moe ka wahine i nā hua āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā me ka hoʻomaha o kekahi mau lā.
- Mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hōʻike ka ʻaila gula i kāna ʻano kūwaho: ma ka hapanui o nā hihia, e luku loa ka pipi ʻōpio i ka muli aʻe, ʻoiai inā he wahine, ʻoiai ʻaʻole komo ka makua i ka hakakā a mai hoʻāʻo e pale i ka nāwaliwali.
- ʻOiai e ʻimi ana i kahi ʻai nui, e hoʻokau ka mea wili i nā puʻupuʻu i loko o ke kino, e hōʻeha ana i ka nui o ka maʻi. Ua make koke ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi.
- Holo mua ka manu ʻōpiopio i ka lele i nā makahiki he 70-80 mau lā, ʻoiai ke makemake e noho kokoke kokoke i ka pū.
- ʻIke ʻia ka ʻaila gula e hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i ka honua holoholona.
- Hoʻoholo ʻia ka wā hua e ka laulā o ka wahi o ka mea noho. No laila, ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina paʻa loa a i Mexico paha, hele mai nā pipi i Ianuali, ma nā ʻāina ʻākau a me Alaska i Iune, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i Malaki.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mea hoʻonā hulu manu i ke kūlana o kekahi ʻano me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hemo ʻana. Akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻopaʻi no ka hopu ʻana i kahi manu hulu hulu, a e kau ʻia ka ʻōlelo paʻahao ʻelua i ka paʻa mau.
ʻEkele gula i ke kiʻi a ma ke ola maoli he nānā hanohano a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi, no laila ua makemake nui kāna hana ola a me nā ʻano kanaka i nā mea loea ma ke ʻano o ka honua holoholona. I mea e pale ai i nā ʻano ʻano i ka emi nui o ka lehulehu, pono e mālama kekahi.
Ka palekana o nā ʻEnelani gula
Kuhi kiʻi: Golden Eagle mai ka Puke ʻaha
I mea e mālama ai a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā manu, kākau ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Red Book. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke kūlana o kekahi ʻano me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau. I loko o nā'āina he nui, ʻo Russia hoʻi, ua pāpā ʻia ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā manu ma ka pae kānāwai. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i kēia kānāwai e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hewa. Pāpono ʻia nā ʻano pālule me nā manu manu i ka mālama ʻana i nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā pā kai ʻāina. Ma Lūkini Rūkini wale nō, noho nā manu iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau kenekulia ʻokoʻa.
Hoʻopau koke nā manu i ke ola ʻana i ka noho pio ʻana, akā naʻe me ka panipi pinepine. He loina a ka United States he kānāwai e papa ai i ka hopu ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā manu laka a me kā lākou hua. He mea kupaianaha nā gula ʻElles, nā holoholona ikaika a maikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka ikaika, ka nui, ka nohona a me nā hana maʻamau i kumu makemake nui a ʻoliʻoli. Pono ke kanaka e hana i ka hoʻoikaika nui e mālama a hoʻonui i ka nui o kēia mau manu manu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻ Birdlelo manu ʻolua Nā ipo i ka kauoha ʻo Falconiformes, nā ʻohana Hawks. ʻO kēia ka nui loa, agile a nani a nani. ʻO nā ʻēheu he ʻelua mika, ke kaupaona - aneane 6 kg. Noho ka manu ʻaeto gula i nā nahele, nā mauna a me nā ʻāpana o Eurasia, Korea, Iapana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe e pili ana i ka ʻaila gula ma North Africa. E māhele ʻia ma ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, mai Alaska a i nā ʻāina waena o Mexico. ʻOi aku ka mea maʻamau ma ka hikina hikina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ʻEulopa, noho lākou i nā mauna o Sepania, Scandinavia, nā Alps a me nā Balkans. ʻO nā hale noho punahele o ka ʻaeto gula aia nā papu a me nā mauna, i mamao loa i nā poʻe. Noho pū kekahi nō hoʻi lākou i ka tundra, steppe and forest-steppe, semi-desert canyons, bushes, nā ʻano āpau āpau.
Koho nā manu i ko lākou wahi ma nā kahawai a me nā loko, a me nā pāpū ʻōpio ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500 m. No ka hopu holoholona, pono lākou e ʻike i nā wahi ākea, no ka nui lapalapa. No ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, makemake lākou i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a me nā pōhaku.
Ma Lūkia, e noho kokoke nā ʻolika gula ma nā wahi āpau, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike nui iā lākou - hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e launa i ka poʻe. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i waiho ka poʻe i waiho i kahi eʻe gula, ka mea pinepine ka manu i noho i nā pahuhopu mau loa o ka ʻĀpana Lūkia, ʻo Baltic States a me Scandinavia a me Belarus.
Hōʻike pinepine nā ʻolele gula ma Tuva, Transbaikalia a me Yakutia, akā me ke ʻano o nā nīnaka kokoke e hele i ka 10-15 km. ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi. ʻIke ʻia ka manu ʻōiwi a manuahi manuahi, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i nā kaona waena i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka poʻe, he nui nā hihia he nui e pili ana i nā ʻaeto gula.
ʻĀmaʻomaʻo Kahuna ʻEleʻele
ʻOiai ke ʻano maoli o ka ʻāʻio gula e hoʻokaʻawale i nā noho kanaka, nui nā kānaka o ʻAmelika Hema mai ka wā kahiko i kālai ʻia a hoʻohana i ka ʻaila gula e ʻimi ai i nā ʻalopeke, nā pōlio, nā ʻīlio, nā alelo.
ʻO nā manu nui me nā ʻēheu ikaika, nā puʻupuʻu ikaika paʻa, nā wāwae paʻa me nā puʻulima a me nā nānā ākea maikaʻi loa nā lawaiʻa. ʻO ke ala nui o ka huluhulu mau ʻōpio gula i koho e hoʻopaʻa i ka waiwai mai ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻEwalu mau maka maka ʻoi ka manu ma mua o nā kānaka, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi holoholona ke pakele i kona maka. He ʻaole gula e hū ana ana i ka lewa ke nānā ʻole ʻia a hoʻomaha, akā i ka wā i hoʻoulu ʻia ai, loaʻa kahi holoholona hihiu ke loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻOiai, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻōla mai ka mea kahakaha. Hoʻomau ka manu i ka hakakā no ka meaʻai a ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻokō nui aku i ka mea pio me nā mea hoʻopili, a laila hiki i kahi holoholona nui ke hiki ʻole ke pakele i ka hana kila.
Hiki i ka ʻaeto gula ke hāpai i kahi holoholona e kaupaona ana a 20 kg i ka lewa, a me ka hakakā lima e hiki ai ke kāʻei i ka ʻāʻī. Holo pinepine nā ʻōlio gula i nā pālua, ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. Inā kuhi kahi i hana, e hoʻoponopono koke ka hoa. Hoʻokahi wale nō manu i ka ʻai, aʻo ka lua e noho ana ma kahi e hoʻohālua ai.
ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou hakakā hakakā ʻana, he paʻakikī nui ka ʻaʻio gula i ke ola ʻana o ke kanaka i kā lākou mea waiwai. He mau manu paha kahi i pili iā i nā pōkoki a i ʻole nā moa paha e hāʻule iā ia, inā e hele kokoke ke kanaka a hoʻopilikia aku iā lākou, e make nā moa keiki. ʻO ia kekahi kumu no ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻaeto.
Kaʻaina o ka ʻElekila ʻEleʻele
Ke hoʻomau nei weheweheʻi keia mau ʻānōmanuHe kūpono kūpono ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai. Pono ka ʻaeto gula i ka 1,5 kg. ka ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, e ʻānai loa ia mea. Wahi a ka hale, lilo nā manu nui a me nā mommals i mea nui nui no nā ʻaeto gula.
Hares, groundhog, alope, reptiles, hedgehog, mauʻauʻau - hele nā mea āpau i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā manu manu, e makemake nui nā aeto gula e ʻimi i nā kuʻuna, nā ducks, nā ʻona a me nā hana ʻana. ʻAʻole makemake nui ka leʻe gula a me ka wikiwiki.
Hoʻokahi pinepine ka ʻaeto makua i ka mea pio ma mua o ke kaupaona. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hanana i ka wā i hoʻoulu ʻia ai kahi ʻaeto gula i nā mokulele liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka aniani. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hoʻohemo ʻia nā ʻaeto gula.
I ka wā o ka hopu ʻana, ʻano ʻokoʻa ka ʻaeto gula: hiki iā ia ke lele koke a lele koke mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, hāʻule nui kokoke i luna o ka mea i uhi ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopunipuni a hoʻohālike ʻaʻole ka makemake i ka lawaiʻa.
A lele a lele i kahi e kali ai a hoʻopili i ka ʻohana o nā holoholona lulu, e hoʻohana ana i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike ʻole ʻole o ka ʻōhumu. ʻO kēia kahi ma kēia mau hihia, inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻaila gula he hopu a pololei a hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻopau i ka waiwai pio, akā makemake ʻo ia e hana koke aku.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i lanakila ka mea hoʻopilikia ma ka pana mua, e hoʻouka hou ka manu iā lākou a hiki a hiki i kona hopena. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi holoholona nui, hoʻopili ka mea kō i ka ʻeha a me nā puʻupuʻu me nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi, e hōʻeha ana i nā hōʻeha kino.
Huki ka holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻoi i ka wāwae hoʻokahi ma hope o kona poʻo, ʻo ka lua ma hope o kāna kua, ua uhaʻi i kona ʻāʻī. Kēia hiki i kekahi ke hele i waho o nā wāwae kila o ka ʻaeto gula. Nui nā kiʻi o kēlā me kēia kiʻi hopu luhi o kēia manu e haʻi ana i kona ikaika a me ka mākau hana pono hopu manu. I ka hakakā ʻana no ka meaʻai, hiki i ka ʻaila gula ke hopu i nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
He monogamous Golden Eagles, hana lākou a paʻa i kahi pālua no ke ola. Aia kahi koho o kahi hoa hana ma ka makahiki o 3 makahiki. ʻO ka wā hoʻohālikelike, e hoʻomaka ana ma Pepeluali a me ʻApelila, mahalo nui ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine, hōʻike kekahi i kā lākou nani a me ka ikaika. Hoʻohālike i ka hōʻike ʻana iā ia iho i kahi lele e like me ka lewa puʻe - ke kiʻi gula i loaʻa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe, a iho ʻūlū a lalo i lalo i kona mau ʻēheu ma mua o ka honua.
Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka manu i kekahi i kā lākou mau pono e like me ka poʻe lawaiʻa, hōʻike i nā ʻōpū, hoʻopihapiha i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kēlā me kekahi, e alualu ana.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana i kēlā me kēia hoa, ua waiho aku ka wahine i nā hua he 1-3 o ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo me nā kiʻi brown. Ma aneane ʻo kēlā me kēia manawa e noho ai ma luna o nā hua, he 40-45 mau lā, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā kāne e hoʻololi iā ia.
No ke kūkulu ʻana i nā nist, ua koho nā ʻaeto gula i nā wahi e pale ʻia. Kahi maʻa ka lōʻihi o lākou a i ka nui a hiki i ka 2 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, a he 3 mika ka lōʻihi.
Kūkulu ʻia kekahi kāne i kahi pūnana o nā pua, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lau mauʻu a me ka moss. I ke ola holoʻokoʻa, kūkulu nā pālua o nā ʻaila gula i kahi mau makika ma ka ʻāina i koho ʻia, a ma hope aʻe e hoʻohuli iā lākou.
Huli pinepine ʻo Chicks ma ka huli ʻana, a inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻelemakule ma mua o ke kaikaina, e hoʻokuke aku ʻo ia iā ia mai ka meaʻai a ka makua e lawe ai a kīloi ka wahine i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Nānā nā mākua iā ia me ka maʻamau ʻole, a make pinepine nā keiki ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. Noho nā wīwī ma ka nahele no kahi he 80 mau lā, ma hope o ke ʻano e aʻo ai ka makuahine iā lākou e lele. Ke kamaʻilio pū me nā moa hiki ʻoe ke lohe koho laconic, ma nā wā maʻamau ʻaila gula.
ʻO nā ʻōpio ma luna o ka ʻēheu e noho nei i ka nū me nā mākua. ʻO ke ola o nā aila gula aia ma kahi o 20-23 mau makahiki. Ma nā Zoos, hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 50 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ke lilo nei kēia mau manu nani nani i kēlā me kēia makahiki.