Ke nānā nei i kahi rhinoceros, i ka wā e kipa ana i ka zoo a i ʻole ke nānā ʻana i nā palapala palapala e pili ana i ke kūlohelohe, kahaha nui ka kekahi i ka nui o ka mana unbridled ma lalo o nā māhā o kēlā "kahu lawelawe kanaka" mai ka honua holoholona.

E aloha kēlā huluhulu rhino, ke kanaka ikaika, pālahalaha a puni Eurasia i ka wā o ka glaciation i hala, hiki i ka mea ke manaʻo wale nō. E like me nā mammoths, ʻo nā mea kālai ʻia a me nā skeletons paha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā permafrost e lilo i mau hoʻomanaʻo no ka manawa ma ka Honua.

ʻO ka ho'ākāka a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka rhino hulu

ʻAno - Rhino ʻAilana detachment o artiodactyls. ʻO ia ka mammal hope loa mai ka ʻohana rhinoceros, i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni o Eurasian.

Wahi a nui mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana e ka alakaʻi ʻana i ka paleontologists o ko ka honua, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka nui o ka hulu o ka hulu manu i kona kao i kēia wā. Ua hiki i ka nui Spimim ma 2 m i nā malo a me ka lōʻihi o hiki i 4 m. Ua neʻe kēia hulk i luna i nā wāwae stocky hohonu me ʻekolu mau manamana lima, ʻo ka paona o ka rhino e hiki i ka 3.5 tons.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā rhinoceros maʻamau, he kino nui ke kino o kona ʻohana pili hope a loaʻa i kahi puʻu muscular ma kona kua me ka nui o nā momona. Ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia ʻāpana momona e ke kino o ka holoholona i kahi hihia i ka pōloli a ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka make ʻana o ka rhino.

The hump on the back of the neck also lawelawe no ka mālama i kona mau pepeiaohao i ulaula ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, i kekahi manawa ke hiki o 130 cm i ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka pepeiaʻī liʻiliʻi, aia ma luna o ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ia i mahalo nui ʻia - a hiki i ka 50 cm. ʻO nā kāne a me nā kāne o ka prehistoric rhino i pū ʻia.

No nā makahiki he nui huluhulu rhino lei ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhikuhi pololei. ʻO ka poʻe kānaka maoli o Siberia, ʻoiaiʻo ka Yukagirs, ua manaʻo lākou iā lākou i nā ʻōpū manu a nā manu nunui, he nui nā pūlima i kau ʻia. Ua hoʻohana nā poʻe huluhulu ʻākau i nā ʻāpana o nā pu i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou mau kakaka, nā mea i hoʻonui nui ai i ko lākou ikaika a me ka elasticity.

Kūleʻa Rhino ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike

Nui nā manaʻo kuhi hewa e pili ana nā ʻōpala o nā hulu wili. ^ E Ha yM. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka Middle Ages i nā kaona o Klagenfurt (teritori o Austria hou) loaʻa nā ʻōpala i kahi ʻōpala, kahi a lākou i kuhi hewa ai. No ka wā lōʻihi, ua mālama pono ʻia ia i loko o ke keʻena o ke kūlanakauhale.

ʻO nā koena i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Quedlinburg i Kelemania i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia mau ʻāpana a nā kaʻe o kahi unicorn maikaʻi loa. E nānā ana kiʻi o ke kāʻei hulu, a i ʻole ma luna o kāna ʻōwili, hiki iā ia ke kuhi hewa i kahi ʻano maikaʻi o nā moʻomeheu a me nā kaʻao. ʻAʻohe mea kahaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - Ke ʻano o nā pāʻani kamepiula kaulana, kahi i hoʻoili ai iā ia i nā hiki ʻole ke loaʻa.

He mea hoihoi loa ke ʻano o ke ʻā o nā iwi o ka hau hau: ʻaʻohe ona a me nā mea pohihihi. Nui huluhulu momona rhino ua hilo ʻia i loko, ua uhi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻāpana o ka enamel, i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā niho o kona mau hoahānau i kēia manawa. Ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻalopelo nui, maʻalahi kēia mau niho i ka lau a maloʻo maloʻo.

I ke kiʻi, nā niho o ka hulu wili

ʻO nā kino momi i nā rhhinoceros hulu i mālama ʻia i nā kūlana permafrost e hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi hou i kona ʻano me ka kikoʻī.

Mai ka wā o kona noho ʻana ma ka Honua i ka wā o ka icing, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka uhi ʻia o ka lauoho loloa i ka lauoho loloa. I ka ʻike a me ka peʻa, ua like kona lauoho me ka lauoho o ka bison ʻEulopa, ʻo nā kala lanakila he brown a me nā pua.

ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ka ʻili o ka ʻālaʻī loa a lōʻihi ke ʻūhā, a me ke kuʻi o ka lauoho palaka e hoʻonani ai i ka ʻaki o kahi ʻāpana rhino ka hapalua. Manaʻo nā mea noiʻi ʻaʻole i kolo ka hulu wulu i nā pua, akā makemake lākou e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kaawale.

I ke kiʻi o ke koena o kahi honu hulu manu

Hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki, ua hana pōkole ka wahine a me ka male kāne i kahi mau manawa e hoʻomau i ka pili ʻana. Ua mau ke kanikau ʻo ka wahine e pili ana i 18 mau mahina; ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hānau ʻia kahi pēpē, ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka makuahine i mua o ʻelua mau makahiki.

Ke aʻo nei i nā niho o kahi holoholona no ka ʻaihue ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou me nā niho o kā mākou rhinos, ua ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola maʻamau o kēia lā huaʻai ikaika he 40-45 mau makahiki.

Kūleʻa kaona rhino

ʻIke ʻia nā hua manu o nā rhhinoceros i loaʻa ma ka nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkini, Mongolia, ma Northern China a me kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻĀkau Lūkini i ka wahi i hānau ʻia ai nā rhinos, no ka mea ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā koena ma laila. Mai kēia hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokolokolo i ka māhele o kona ʻano.

ʻO ka tundra-steppe ka home o nā ʻelele o ka manu "mammoth", me nā hulu manu hulu. Ua makemake kēia mau holoholona e noho kokoke i nā wai wai, kahi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu ma mua o nā wahi i loko o nā ululāʻau ala.

ʻAiʻoki huna rhino

Me kona mau hiʻohiʻona formmable a mahalo nui ka nui o kahi lei hulu he ʻano lāʻau lāʻau maʻamau. I ke kauwela, ka meaʻai o kēia holoholona hoʻonaninani i kū ai i ka mauʻu a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu, i ka wā hoʻoilo maloo - o ka lāʻau lāʻau, willow, Birch a me nā lālā alder.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai hiki ʻole, i ka wā i uhi ʻia ka hau me nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻole, pono ke ʻoka ʻo ka rhino i ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o kahi pu. Mālama ka mālama kino i ka hero herbivorous - i ka wā hele i ka manawa, hana ʻia ka mutations i kāna guise: ma muli o ka pilina maʻamau a me ka friction ma ka ʻōpala, ka ihu septum o nā iwi holoholona i kona wā e ola ana.

No ke aha i make ai nā hulu hulu?

ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka rhist Pleistocene, ʻoluʻolu no ke ola, ua lilo ia i mea make no nā ʻelele he nui o ke aupuni holoholona. ʻO ka mahana wela hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā aniani i ka palena ʻākau, e waiho ana i nā papu i lalo o ka mana o ka hau.

Ma lalo o ka uhi uhi hau hohonu, lilo i mea paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ma waena o nā hulu hulu ka ʻūhā i ana no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mahi ʻai maikaʻi. I kēlā mau kaua, ua ʻeha nā holoholona o kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka hōʻeha loa o nā mea hōʻeha.

Me nā loli o ke aniau, ua loli a puni ka wahi: ma kahi o nā wahi wai a me nā kīkala hope ʻole, ulu nui nā wao aʻa ʻole, kūpono ʻole no ka nohona rhino. ʻO ka hōʻemi i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka meaʻai nā mea i hōʻemi ai i ko lākou helu, i hoʻopau ka hana mua.

Aia nā hōʻike maopopo e ʻae ʻia ka huluhulu no nā rhino huluhulu ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻai ʻana a me nā ʻili, akā no nā kumu hana wale nō. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻike ka kānaka iā ia iho ʻaʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi loa, e pepehi wale ana i nā holoholona no ke aloha wale nō.

ʻO ke ola o ka holoholona hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka helu hānau haʻahaʻa (1-2 cubs i kekahi mau makahiki), ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana aʻe o nā wahi āpau i kūpono no ke ola maʻamau a me nā hopena anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā hulu hipa.

Ka mea hope loa huluhulu rhino hoʻopau ma kahi o 9-14 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, e nalowale ana i kahi kaua hakakā me ka ʻ Naturelelo Initia, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua a ma hope iho.

He ʻano lei hulu ʻiliʻu like

Kahiʻu kino ka ʻili o kahi mau hulu hipa, ma ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi ka mānoanoa o 1.5 cm.ʻO ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona hiki i 3-4.5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lau - 2 m.

Holoi ka paona a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ʻelua a me 3.5 ʻona. E hoʻoholo ana i ka nui, ʻo ka rhino kahiko ka mea ʻelua i ka mammoth. E 2 mau pūlio mau holoholona nona, nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o nā pūmū. ʻO ka hope o ka pū i mua ma ke alo o hope, e hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1 ke 1,4 mika. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka mea mamao loa, he 50 cm lōʻihi.

Hāpai ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka wili a ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia.

Mahalo i nā koena o ka ulia hulu manu i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻākau o Rūsia a me ʻAsia, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke loaʻa ʻike ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano a me nā ʻāpana o kona kino. Ua loaʻa nā kino manu momi o kēia mau mea kanu i loaʻa i ka permafrost ma Siberia. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kekahi holoholona ikaika he 45 mau makahiki ia. Loaʻa ʻia kēia helu ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka lole o ka niho i ka spossil fossil me kahi mea hou o nā ʻano he rhinoceros.

He aha nā ʻano maʻamau o kahi rhino piha a he aha ia i ʻai ai?

Ma nā wahi i noho ai nā hulu manu, ua like ka nui o ka māno o ka hau, a hiki i nā holoholona ke wāwahi i ka hau a ʻai i ka lau nahele. ʻO ke koena o ka mea kanu mea kanu i loaʻa i loko o loko o nā ʻōpū o nā honu fossil i pane i kahi pane i ka mea a kēia mau mea ʻai a nā holoholona i ʻai. ʻ suggestlelo ʻo nā kānakaʻepekema ʻo ua nā pepeiaohao o nā holoholona i mālama iā lākou e hue i ka hau. ʻAʻole like ke ola o ke ʻano o ka holoholona kahiko i ke ola o nā ʻano hihi, a ʻoiai ke ola nei ka hopena i ke anuanu. Nui ka nui o nā mea kahiko i nā wahi ʻai ma nā awāwa wai a i loaʻa ka momona.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia mau rhinos i kahi ola mehameha a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i nā ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​hui. Hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe loea i ka nalo ʻana o nā rhino huluhulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka glacier i ka lōʻihi i ka ʻākau a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka uhi hau. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke hele i ke ulu lāʻau a pinepine, i ka neʻe ʻana, hāʻule nui lākou i loko o ka hau. I ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke anā, ua hoʻoliu ʻia nā wahi laulā e nā lāʻau ākea a me nā ʻāina uku o nā hulu hulu. Ua kūpono ia ma muli o ka hoʻololi i nā kūlana kime, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea ʻepekema, ua lilo kēia mau mea kaha ikaika.

He ʻulaʻulaʻula a ʻo ka hulu hipa.

ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka heluna o nā hulu wulu i kapa ʻia ʻo ia o ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe kahiko. I ka manawa i loaʻa ai kēia mau holoholona i ka nele i ka meaʻai, ua luku ʻia e ka poʻe me ka pau ʻole o nā ʻano. A ʻo Cavemen, hiki i ka wikiwiki ke hoʻopau i ka rhino kahiko, kahi mea lohi i ka hua lohi. Hoʻokahi wahine wahine o kēia ʻano i loko o kona ola holoʻokoʻa he 7-8 mau cubs. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino, ma ka hapa o ka hoʻopuka nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka lehulehu ma kahi pae maʻamau.

No kēia mau kumu, hiki i kēia manawa ke nānā i nā ʻalani hulu manu i ka hale moʻomeheu paleontological wale nō.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Kūpono maikaʻi. ʻO kahi holoholona Prehistoric, kahi i noho ai lākou, wehewehe, kahi noho

He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i nā holoholona a mākou e ʻike ʻole ai e ʻike. ʻO kekahi o nā poʻokela i manaʻo nui i kēia ʻano ʻōiwi he hulu wili. Minamina, ma kahi hoʻomanaʻo i ka hiki ʻana o ia mau holoholona, ​​ua waiho wale ʻia mākou me nā hana cuwa a me nā ʻūhā i permafrost. Hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo, e like me ka hihia me nā mammoth, he aha nā titans ikaika i ka holoholona holoholona.

Ke wehe ʻana

Ua kamaʻāina kahiko ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Siberia a me Mongolia i nā iwi fossil o nā rhinos, akā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pololei iā lākou. He nui nā iwi kūlima o ka ʻĀwana Lūkini i loaʻa nā moʻolelo e pili ana i nā hulu manu, ua manaʻo ʻia kona mau iwi i nā koena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā iwi kūloko, no ka laʻana, nā pū - nā ʻāpana manu a nā manu nunui. ʻO kahi hihia e loaʻa ai kahi skull rhinoceros i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ma ke kauwela o ʻEulopa, ma ke kaʻe o Klagenfurt i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia XIV. ʻIke maopopo nā poʻe noho o ke kūlanakauhale ua loaʻa i nā koena o ka derani kaulana, a kau i ka ʻūhā pale i waiho i loko o ka hale kauhale. I ka makahiki 1590, ua kipa ʻia kahi mea kālai kūloko kūloko e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia ʻōpala o ke ʻano o ka manuahi. Mālama ʻia kēia ʻōpala i kēia kūlanakauhale, i ka hale kahakaha o ka ʻāina o Carinthia. ʻO ka ulana manuahi i loaʻa i ka 1663 kokoke i ke kaona Kelemānia o Quedlinburg, ma hope o ke aʻo ʻia ʻana e nā ʻepekema kaulana ʻo O. von Guericke, ua haʻi ʻia ke koena o kekahi mea hana no ka puʻupuʻu - he unicorn.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hapanui o nā limu i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka ʻepekema ma ke kolu o hope o ka makahiki 18. ʻO nā moʻolelo o nā nīnika Siberia e pili ana i nā ʻōpū o nā manu nui i manaʻo nui i nā ʻepekema Lūkia a me ʻEulopa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻike o nā pūhaka manuahi me nā pūhaka e pili ana i nā ʻano manuahi, i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea kākau kahiko (e like me Herodotus). Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi no ka hapalua ʻelua o ka kenekulia 18, ʻo ia nā puʻu fossil i kahi limu manu nui. Ma kēia hihia, ua hilahila nā mea kākau e ke ʻano kūlike o nā pū, ʻaʻole i like me nā ʻano o nā pu i nā poʻokela a me Aferika a me ʻAsia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19, ua kanalua ka mea kaulana o Arctic M. M. Gedenstrom no nā koena o ka rhino, he manaʻoʻiʻo ua like ka nui o nā pū i ka manu o ka manu hihiu:

Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi mea nui i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea ulaula hulu i ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka mea kaulana maoli German-Russian a me ka mea huakaʻi hele ʻo P.S. Pallas, e like me nā hualoaʻa o ka expedition o 1768-1773, ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi hana hohonu e hōʻike ana i ke wahi o nā fossil o nā rhinoceros. Ua hōʻoia hope ʻia iā lākou, ʻo ka loaʻa nā mea i ʻike ʻia no ka rhinos, a ʻaʻole no kekahi mau holoholona ʻike ʻole. I ka makahiki 1772, ua loaʻa iā Pallas i ke poʻo a me nā wāwae ʻelua o kahi rhinoceros (i loaʻa i ka permafrost) mai ka lehulehu mai i Irkutsk. Ma hope mai, ua wehewehe ʻo P. S. Pallas i ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī i kekahi ʻōpala a me nā ʻaha haʻahaʻa, aia nō hoʻi ʻo ia i Transbaikalia. Wahi a ke kaʻi kumu no ka ʻepekema, ua lawe ʻia kēia mau rhino e ka Nā ʻauwai.

Ua hōʻike hope ʻia ka wā kahiko o nā hulu manuahi i ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao Lūkini F.F. Brandt, nāna, e like me nā hopena o nā makahiki he mau makahiki i ka makahiki 1865, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia ka mea fossil Siberia he mākaʻāina o ka mōna mammoth a noho like me ka poʻe cavemen. ʻO nā mea kōkua nui i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o rhino ka ʻike hou ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ke kino a me kahi ʻoka piha kokoke i nā makahiki 1850-1870.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ka ʻāpana permafrost o Siberia, ma waho wale nō i loaʻa nā kino ʻelua o nā rhinos (ʻelua ma Western Ukraine ma ka kokoke o ke kauā o Starunya). ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano ola a me nā mea kūpono o nā rhinos e ʻae ʻia e nā ʻike hou o kekahi mau poʻe i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema Lūkini ma 2007 i ka ʻāpana Kolyma.

Mōʻaukala helu

ʻO ka mea noiʻi mua e hāʻawi i nā hika hulu manu i ka inoa Latin i kapa ʻia ʻo P.S. Pallas, ka mea i kapa iā ia ka holoholona Rhinoceros lenensis (lat. Rhinoceros - rhino, lenensis - Lensky, mai ka muliwai Lena). ʻO ka mea nui i ka Pallas i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka rhino, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā loea i kēia wā, ua maopopo, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kāna hāʻawi ʻia ma muli o ka manaʻo i hoʻopuka ʻia kāna mau hana i kēlā manawa ma Rusia, akā ʻaʻole ia i loaʻa i ke kahele ʻana i ʻEulopa. Eia kekahi, ma hope o Pallas ma Rūsia, ʻaʻole i hoʻi like ka kaiāulu ʻepekema i ka noiʻi o ka rhino kahiko a hiki i ka 1840, ʻoiai nā fossils hou.

I ka makahiki 1799, ua hāʻawi ka mea kaulana kaulana German ka helu I.F. Blumenbach i ka inoa ʻo rhino ʻO ke ʻano antiquitatis (lit. - rhino kahiko). Eia ka mea, ua kākau ʻo Blumenbach i ka rhino, ʻaʻole ʻike i ka mea mua me kāna mau iwi a me ka ʻūhā, ʻoiai ʻo ia i hoʻohana i nā wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻūlima i loaʻa ma Kelemania.Akā naʻe, no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e nā rhino hulu manu me nā mea ʻike i kona mau pu. I ka makahiki 1822, ua pili ka German zoologist G.H. von Schubert, e pili ana i ka loiloi ʻana o nā pepeiaohao, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ka lei koloka, a hāʻawi aku ia i kahi inoa nomomial ʻO Gryphus antiquitatis (lit. - ka lei kahiko).

Ua nānā pū ʻia ka rhinoceros e ka mea loea kaulana ʻo J. Cuvier, i hele a hōʻea e like me ia he mea pono e wehe i kahi ʻanoʻokoʻa a hāʻawi aku i kekahi inoa inoa ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1832 - Rhinoceros tichorinus (Helene Greekοσ - paia, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka ihu e like me ka paia, i hōʻike i ke alo o kahi ossified nasal septum i ka holoholona). Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia inoa i ka mea kaulana loa. ʻO ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia e Blumenbach i hala a hiki i ka makahiki 1850, ʻaʻole naʻe i pololei, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā rhinos a pau a ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological o nā hulu manu. A laila ua lilo kekahi inoa inoa maʻamau - Coelodonta ("Hollow-toothed", me nā niho hollow), ka mea e hōʻike pono i ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā niho o kahi lulu hulu manu. Ua hāpai ʻia kēia inoa i ka makahiki 1831 e ka pale pale o Kelemania G. Bronn.

No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nīnau no nā "claws" misteri a nā puʻupuʻu hypothetical nui. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻike i nā pūlani o nā rhhinoceros kahiko i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka luna ʻākeu o Moscow University G.I. Fischer von Waldheim.

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona

ʻO nā hulu manu hulu manu he mea maʻamau ia o kona ʻohana. Akā naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike like ʻana me kona mau hoahānau o kēia wā, ʻokoʻa ʻo ia mai ia mau mea i ke kino. ʻO ka lime huluhulu ka lōʻihi loa ke ʻole o ka wāwae, ua lōʻihi kona kino, ua pūloʻu wale hoʻi kona poʻo. Hāpai ʻia ka puʻupuʻu o ka hulu manu e ka puʻu ikaika, i hana ʻia e nā ʻenekena nui i hoʻolālā ʻia, i hoʻolālā ʻia e mālama i ka nui o ka pū nui a lawe ʻia i ka wā e kani ai ka pū ma ka wā e hānai ai. Aia ka hump i kahi nui o ka momona, pono kahi mea e mālama ai i nā mea momona i nā hihia o ka hānai. ʻO nā wāwae o kahi mau hulu hipa, e like me nā rhinos o kēia wā, ʻekolu mau manamana lima. ʻO kahi mea nui o nā hulu o ka hulu manu ka mea i ʻole o nā incisors a me nā manu, ʻo nā niho ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā niho o nā rhino hou, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka enamel palala. He mea nui ia e ʻike ʻia nā niho o kahi honu hulu manu, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e pili pono ana i ka genus. Coelodontahe puʻu waena wehe.

E like me ka inoa e hōʻike ai, ua uhi ʻia nā hulu wili manu me ka lauoho lōʻihi. Loaʻa paha ka palaka ma nā lapalapa o nā fossil, akā, ʻo nā mea ola i koe he ʻulaʻula ulaula ka ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa me ka panilima melemele. Aia kekahi undercoat mānoanoa ma lalo o nā lauoho uhi e uhi ana i ka lauoho, ma ka maloʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ke like me ka mane o ka lauoho lōʻihi a paʻakikī, a ua uhi ʻia nā limu me ka lauoho pōkole. Hoʻopili ke kino me ka huelo 45-50-centimeter me kahi kaula lauoho i ka hope. Ua loaʻa i nā wahine ʻelua mau ʻāpana a loaʻa i ke kula inguinal. Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā Nipples ma kahi wahine i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1907 ma ke kauhale i kapa ʻia ʻo Starun, ua lōʻihi lākou o 20 a 16 mm.

ʻO kekahi mau o nā hiʻohiʻona o waho nā rhino huluhulu e hōʻike ana i kona hana maikaʻi loa i nā momona nui. No laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pepeiao ona ma mua o nā rhhinoceros tropical (ʻo ka pepeiao o ka fossil rhinos makua e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o 24 cm, ʻoiai nā rhinos hou e noho ana i ke anuanu wela e pili ana iā 30 cm), ʻoiʻu ka hiʻu. ka pōkole. ʻO kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i nā holoholona āpau e noho ana i nā manawa maloʻo, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka pōkole a me nā pepeiao ka mea e hōʻemi i ka nui o ke kino o ka wela. He mānoʻo ka ʻili o kahi rhino huluhulu, a he hōʻemi hoʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ke wela ma ke kino. ʻO kona mānoanoa ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino kahe ana mai ka 5 a 15 mm, a ʻo ka mānoanoa loa ma luna o ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi.

ʻO nā kui lei rhino

ʻO nā pūlū hulu manu he ʻelua mau pū ona, me nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne a me nā wahine. I kā lākou kūkulu ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa nā ʻēheu o nā hulu manu i nā pepeiao o nā rhinos o kēia wā: ʻaʻohe ona huakaʻi kumu o nā iwi o ka ʻūhā, a ua lilo i nā makalahiki lauoho kulu manuahi. Eia naʻe, he ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o kona mau pepeiao. Inā ma nā ʻano ʻānela o kēia mau lā ka wā e pili ana i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka palahalaha, a laila ikaika ka luhi o nā pūhaka ʻelua o nā hulu manu. Ua hiki i ka nui o mua i ka nui ākea a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o ka mita a ʻoi aku, hiki i ka 1,4 m, ʻoi aku ka paona i 15 kg. I kekahi o nā rhinos (ʻo ia paha kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia) i ʻike ʻia ma 2007 ma ke kīʻaha ʻo Kolyma, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kani mua ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho he 84.5 cm, ʻo ke kumu he 22.9 cm ka loa me ka laulā o 12.3 cm, ʻo ka mānoanoa ma waena a i ʻole 23 mm. ʻO ka pū lua he 15 cm lōʻihi ma ke kumu o 14,6 × 8 cm

ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lua. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapa mika. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka pepeiao mua i ka nui e like me ka rhino o kēia mau lā. ʻO ka mea nui ia he ʻili nasal o ka hulu manu i nā lulu manuahi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike ʻia i nā rhino hou. ʻO kēia, ka mea, ke hoʻololi hou ʻia i hoʻonui ʻia i nā ukana ma ka pū, a, e like me ia, i ka maka holoʻokoʻa i ka wā e hānai ai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wahine a ʻōpio, ua kuapo pinepine ka septum.

Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka mua o ka pū mua ma mua no ka hoʻohālikelike mau ʻana i ka hau. He mea hoihoi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōpala i ka maka mua wale nō, akā no ka pūnoi hope o kahi hulu lulu manu, hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hele ke alo o ka hau, e lele i ka wā o ka adiposity. Manaʻo paha kēia mau hōʻino i ka puhi ʻana i nā pu i nā rhinos i ka wā e hakakā ai me nā hoahānau i ka wā hana.

ʻO ka nui o nā pepeiaohao a palekana i loko o nā kolamu mokulele i liʻiliʻi iki ʻia me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino o ka rhino. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki mua o ka kenekulia 21, ka nui o nā pū i loaʻa i nā ʻepekema he nui, i ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino. Aia a hiki i ka makahiki 1990, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui loa he 30 mau pu i ka Zoological Museum o ka Russian Academy of Science ma St. Petersburg, akā i ka makahiki 1995 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o nā hōʻiliʻili ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Mua o ka makahiki, a hiki hoʻi i ka 30 ma 2010.

ʻO ka nui

ʻO nā manu o nā hulu manu he holoholona nui loa, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa loa i nā nui o nā rhinos hou. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe i nā poʻohiwi e pili ana iā 1,5 m, hiki i 1.9 a hiki i ka 2 m i nā poʻe nui, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 4 m m. ʻO ka māka wahine ma ka wahine i loaʻa i 1972 ma ke kauā o Churapcha ma ka hikina Yakutia, he 3.2 m ka lōʻihi ma kahi poʻohiwi he 1.5 m. ʻelua rhinos, me ke kino lōʻihi o 3,55 a me 3.58 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻe ka 1.53 m.

ʻO ka paona o ka rhino, ka mea make i loaʻa i kahi maʻa maikaʻi o ka palekana i ka wā o nā noiʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka makahiki 2007, ʻo 1.5 ka nui (ʻo ka paona o ke kino mummied he 850 kg). ʻAʻole paha kēia ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻohiwi ʻo 1.42 m.he he 40 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, ua mālama ʻia ka pepeiao (ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe) he 12 cm. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, e like me nā rhino a pau - ka liʻiliʻi o ka diameter o ko lākou mau maka. ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 5 cm, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waho ma waena o nā eyelids e pili ana iā 3 cm.

Hiki ke kaupaona nā rhinos e piʻi i 3 mau ton, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i ke kaupaona ʻana ma luna o ka hapa nui. No laila, ua like ka nui o nā hulu manu i ka like me ke kaupaona ʻana a me ka nui o nā rhhinoceros ʻonanika o ʻAmelika i kēia wā, a ʻo ka mea nui, ka nui o ka poʻe, ka nui i komo i nā subspecies nui, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka nui o nā rhinoceros keʻokeʻo (ka nui o nā rhinoceros ola nui). Ua noiʻi ʻia e nā mea noiʻi Lūkini i hōʻike ʻia i nā kino fossil o kahi mau hulu manu hulu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia i ka nui o ka rhino i kēia mau lā. I kekahi hihia, ma waena o nā luna āpau o nā fauna mammoth, nā manuahi hulu manu nā holoholona nui loa, ʻelua wale nō i ka mammoth.

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui

Wahi a ka hana a nā paleontologists Pelekane o ka makahiki 2010, ka kino a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hulu lulu hulu manu i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai kona ʻano hoʻonaninani kūikawā e noho i nā wahi kūwaho me ke anuanu, "liʻiliʻi" uhi hau a me ka nui o nā mea kanu ʻino. ʻAʻohe kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo nā rhinoceros i ulana ʻia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā rhino hou. ʻO ia paha, e like me nā ʻano hou o kēia wā, ua ʻohi i ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻo ka momona ʻana i ka mea momona loa no ka hana i nā wahi o nā kahawai kahawai a kokoke i nā kino wai. ʻO nā manuahi manuahi, ka mea like, e like me nā rhinos hou o kēia wā, i alakaʻi i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā bipi a me nā hui.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka helu nui o nā ulia manuahi manuahi me nā ʻami kūwili (268 a me 150 mau ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia), ke hōʻike nei i ka helu o ke kapa ʻana o nā niho o ka hulu manu e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā niho o nā rhino o ʻAmelika hou. Ua ʻimi nā kānaka noiʻi ma kēia kumu ka like ʻana o nā makahiki like o ka huluhulu a me nā lei o kēia wā, a no laila, ʻo ka nui loa ka ola o ka ola he 40-45 mau makahiki.

ʻAno hānau

Ma kahi kokoke i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā hulu hulu hulu. Kuhi ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike a me nā hoʻoholo ʻana ma kēia kumuhana ke kumu o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hana hou o nā rhinos hou. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia analogy, a laila hana ʻia nā rhins i nā pālua i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki no ka manawa pōkole e pono ai no ka ʻaʻa. ʻO nā kāne, i mea ʻike ʻia, i kēia manawa ua komo ka hakakā me kekahi i loaʻa i ka wahine. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā mea ʻelua wale no ka wahine e hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hānau ʻana i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ʻelua. Ua mau ka wā ʻo Pregnancy i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa. Ua noho ka pahu me kona makuahine no kekahi mau mahina (a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki), ma hope o ka ʻimi ʻana o kona ʻāina ponoʻī. Kēia lahui kīwī he ʻano hoʻohuhile loa ka hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe o nā hulu hulu - i nā makahiki he 20-25 mau momona, hiki i ka wahine ke hua wale i nā ʻāpana he 6-8.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio, he mea like nō ia me nā ʻano ʻōpiopio o kēia wā. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala a me ka loli o ka niho waiū i nā hulu manu hulu manu e hoʻopili like me ka ʻikepili like me nā cubs o ke aniani a me ka ʻeleʻele. I ka manawa like, nā ʻōpū mua o nā hulu lulu manuahi e aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ma muli o ka piha piha ʻana o nā kino fossil o nā pipi wai.

Mālama

I ka pau ʻana o ka glaciation laiki (ma kahi o 130 tausani mau makahiki i hala), ua noho ka wahi o ka hulu manu i ka wahi nui, kahi i komo pū ai i loko o Eurasia ʻĀkau o ke kuahiwi. Noho ka hau i ka holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻEulopa (kahi ka hema o Scandinavia a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Europe, no ka laʻana, ka hema o ka Iberian Peninsula), ʻo Rūlū Rūkia, Hema a me Western Siberia, Primorye, Mongolia a me China ʻĀina, hiki aku i ka 72 ° ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻākau a he 33 ma ka hema. ° ʻākau ʻākau. Loaʻa nā ʻike maka o nā hulu manu i nā mokupuni o Novosibirsk.

ʻIke ʻole ʻia nā hika hulu manu ma Iapana, a ma ʻEulopa ma ka mokupuni o ʻInelani, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kona mau iwi ma laila. Ma nā māhele ʻākau o waena o Siberia, ʻaʻole i maʻamau ka rhino. ʻO ka nele o nā fossil i loaʻa i kēia mau rhhinoceros ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e hōʻike nei ʻaʻole i loaʻa he mau rhhinoceros ma laila, a hōʻike ʻia kekahi mea huna i ka ʻepekema. Noho mau ke kumu no ke hele ʻole ʻana o nā rhinos i kēia konitinē, ʻoiai ʻo nā holoholona nui ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mammoth a me nā ʻeke lakone, ua hiki i laila ma ka ʻāina e waiho ana ma ke kahua o ka honua Bering Strait (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Beringia), inā no nā rhinos ma Chukotka ua loaʻa.

Ua ʻōlelo aku nā paleontologists a Russian ʻaʻole i neʻe ka rhino i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū meaʻai ikaika mai nā mau lewa ʻē aʻe i Beringia, kahi ua palena loa ka mea ʻai (ua kuhi wale nā ​​lau nahele ma nā wahi paʻa o ka pili, ʻo ka koena o ka ʻāina ua noho ʻia nā pulima). Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nō hoʻi ka hūnā o ka rhino e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu ʻoluʻolu ʻo Pleistocene - nā momi, ka bison, nā lio - haahaa, no ka mea ʻaʻole nā ​​rhino i hana i ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole i hoʻokolokolo ʻia nā kihi e kū hoʻokahi i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, akā, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka noho mau loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole e laha i kona ʻāina

Wailua

ʻO ka hapa nui, nā kūpuna o nā hulu hulu i loaʻa mai ma kahi o 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala ma Asia Hikina, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻākau o ka Himalaya. I waena o nā rhinos hoʻopau, ʻo ka mea kokoke i nā hulu hulu ka nui o ka Elasmotherium rhinos, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka ululaʻau. Coelodonta. ^ E Ha yM. Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau lālani ʻelua ma ka hapa mua o ka Miocene. Kaukaʻikaʻi Coelodonta (a, ke ʻano, nā manu hulu manu) ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano a ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ke ʻano like me nā elasmoteries. Malia paha, ʻo ka ulu mua ʻana o ka hua mea i ulu ma nā wahi haʻalulu, e wehewehe ana i ka waiho ʻia o nā koena fossil Coelodonta na Miocene pani. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā rhinos i ka hulu i loko o ke anuanu, a me ka hoʻohiʻona i ke anuanu (ua aahu, a pēlā aku) hiki ke hele mai ma muli o ka hopena o ke aniani ma ka ʻĀina Pleistocene ma nā wahi a puni nā Himalaya a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o lākou. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau kumuwaiwai e pili kokoke ana i ka hui i nā mea ulaula huluhulu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā loina Pleistocene Early of the genus Stephanorhinusma keʻano kūikawā, ka ʻike Stephanorhinus hemitoechus . ^ E Ha yM. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻano paleoproteomics, ua loaʻa ka rhino mai Dmanisi Stephanorhinus ex gr. etruscus-hundsheimensis He 1.77 miliona mau makahiki e pili ana i ka laina ma mua e pili ana i nā hulu hulu e pili ana (Coelodonta antiquitatis) a me ka Lino Merck (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis) Kaukaʻikaʻi Coelodonta iho mai i kahi laina mua Stephanorhinus. ^ E Ha yM. Pēlā ka wahine Stephanorhinus i kēia wā paraphyletic.

No nā haneli kaukani mau makahiki, noho nā hulu wili i waena o Kina a me ka hikina o ka Lake Baikal. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hele mai ka rhino huluhulu mai kahi mea i koho mua ʻia o ka ʻano ʻano. tselodontsy (lat. C. tologoijensis). ʻO kekahi rhino no ke Pliocene Middle kekahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano kūpuna huluhulu. Coelodonta thibetana . ^ E Ha yM. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā mea i ulana manu e like me ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka hopena o ka ʻĀmua mua o Pleistocene (ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau makahiki i hala aku) i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Tibetan Plateau. I mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aʻe paha ka palena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻano i pili ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ke komohana o Kina, ʻo ka Baikal a me Mongolia. Mai kēia, noho nā rhinos hulu i ka ʻākau a me ke komohana, i Europa. ʻO nā wili manu māmā i lilo ai kekahi o nā kamaʻāina maʻamau o ka tundra-steppe, kahi mākaʻikaʻi o nā manu manu mm.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻano ʻēheu o kēia ʻano ma Asia, ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka makahiki o nā koena fossil o nā rhino. No laila, ʻo ka ʻike nui loa e pili ana i Eastern Siberia, aʻo ka mea e pili ana i kekahi manawa ma hope aku e neʻe aku i Europa. Hoʻomau ka hoʻonā ʻana me nā hulu o ka hulu manu ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, hikina a me ke komohana. Kuhi ʻia mai kona ʻano mua, hōʻike ka rhino i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kime. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole ia ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia i nā manu hihiu ma ʻEulopa, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea hoʻonani a me nā hau maloʻo i laila, a i nā papa o Eurasia, ua hoʻololi hou i kekahi mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke aloha i ka nui o nā nīnū. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia i nā rhinos nui a pālahalaha e like me nā ʻelele o ka ʻano ʻano Elasmotherium a me Rhino Merka.

ʻO ka pili pili o kēia wā hou (ʻoiaiʻo ia ka lōʻihi) o ka honu hulu manu i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nō ka hope o Sumatran rhinoceros, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā hopena o nā haʻawina genetic i nā makahiki i hala. Nā pili e pili ana i nā rhhinoceros, me ka hulu hipa, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka cladogram e like me kēia: