Nā ʻōpala - (Batomorpha, a i ʻole Batoidei), luna o nā iʻa pā-lālā. Kaulana ʻia mai ka Jurassic o luna, lehulehu mai ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o Cretaceous. Uhaʻi ʻia ke kino, ākea, pāpaʻi a ʻōpili paha ka mea i kau ʻia ka daimana, dl. mai kekahi cm i 6 7 m, me ke koʻikoʻi he lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2.5 tons. Ka ʻili ke kino a ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary
mau ihohe - (Batomorpha) ke kauā o ka iʻa o ka papa cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes), nā māka o ke kauoha a caudatiformes i lako me nā kīlaha makekē, a hiki i ke kōkiko o nā stingrays hiko ke hana i nā hoʻoiho uila ikaika: noho nui lākou ma ka nui a me ...
mau ihohe - superorder o ka iʻa pā-lālā. Loko mai 30 cm a 6 m, hiki ke 1.5 kiʻekiʻe, 16 mau ʻohana, ma kahi he 350 mau lulu, ua pālahalaha loa, ma mua o ke kai, alakaʻi i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, ma mua o 10 mau ʻano i ka Pōleʻele, Barents, White, Baltic a me Far Eastern ... Encyclopedic kāhea
Nā ʻōpala - Ke kumu: (mai Lat. Batomorpha) he kau wahi nui o kahi kolu o ka pa alima, ʻo ia ka iʻa kai ʻāhu, a i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea ʻole nā iwi iwi. Ma mua o 365 mau mea i ʻike. He kino ʻoki a uhi ʻia paha me nā mea nui a me ke ʻano me nā pupu, ... ... Manu Encyclopedic Handbook
Kūpono Pahu-Gill Pahu (Elasmobranchii) - I ka iʻa-gill iʻa, kahi e komo ai nā ʻoki a me nā stingrays, paʻa ʻole ka iwi i ka iwi. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kālele cartilaginous, e helu pinepine ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaha kūpeʻe e kahi pahu kuauhau nui ākea, ʻaʻole ... ... Biological Encyclopedia
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā alaloa
ʻO ka Stingrays kekahi ʻano o ka iʻa cartilaginous o ke ʻano chordate, he kino ākea a me nā pectoral pectoral ʻehā, i hui pū ʻia me ke kino a me ke poʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kēia iʻa e kahi mokulele hoʻokahi. Nui haneli nā ʻano o nā stingrays. Ma ka huina, aia ma kahi o 340. Wahi a ke kaila a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu, kokoke lākou i kahi kokoke i ka kai make - he hi.
Kāleka
Kuhi ka kino holoʻokoʻa o ka iʻa iʻa ma ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi. ^ E Ha yM. He nui nā pectoral hāpau, hoʻonui ʻia mai ka muzzle a hiki i ke kumu o ka huelo lahilahi. Kahi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano e ka hele ʻana o ka ihu koi, ke ʻano o ka mea e hōʻoia ai i ka wahi o ka rostral cartilage. Hiki i ke kala o ke kuiō he monophonic a ʻokoʻa paha i kekahi ʻano. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia mai nā kala māmā i ke kala, hina, pōʻeleʻele, a me nā ʻano a pau o nā ʻoka a i ʻole hoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia nā kala ʻokoʻa māmā ma ke kino o ka stingray, a i ʻole ke kala ʻana i ka lau like pū me ke kūlohelohe.
He hoihoi kēia! Kau ka ʻāpana kolone o ka holoholona i ka paeʻāina o kona wahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i nā pihi spiky a i ʻole ma ka papa luna o ke kino. Aue kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe i kahi huelo e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu i nā hoʻoiho uila. ʻO nā ʻanaka maʻamau (Rajidae), ka nui o ka honua i loaʻa i nā lua dorsal ma ka huelo. Skates o nā ʻano Arynchobatidae i hoʻokahi, a ʻole ʻo Anacanthobatidae i loko o lākou. Aia nā waha a me nā hamama ākea o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino. A hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o ka hana, hana pinepine lākou i ka hua manu, e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā kahakai, oblong a pale ʻia e nā ʻili hiʻona.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kino o ka iwi i hāpai i ka manaʻo ke neʻe i kāna mau hāakaʻi nui a me nā ʻaoʻao o waho i ke kaʻe lalo. Ma kēia ʻāpana o ke kino he nui ka waha me nā lua ma nā ʻaoʻao. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ka like lākou me nā maka nani o kekahi holoholona. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia. Hana nā ʻōpū i ka splatter. Mahalo i kēia mau hamama, hiki ke hanu ka lele, hoʻokahe i ka wai i loko o lākou no ka komo hou ʻana i nā hōʻiliʻili. Aia ka maka ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kino.He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka like me ka nui a ʻokoʻa a ʻike ʻole i ka wā e hūnā ʻia ia i loko o ka ʻili kino, no ka laʻana, e like me ka he makapō.
ʻO kēlā hoʻoholo kūlike loa o ke kaila o ke kino o ka heʻe i hoʻowalewale i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻiole o ka holoholona. Hoʻemi ka anal anal, ʻo ka mea nā pectoral i kūkulu i kahi mokulele hoʻoneʻe nui me ke kino, ʻoi aku ka like me nā ʻēheu o kahi manu. ʻO ka neʻe o kā lākou neʻe like me ke kaʻina o ka holo manu. ʻO ka upa i hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā lākou, a laila hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke ʻano iā lākou. ʻO ia kēlā hiʻohiʻona e hāʻawi ai i ka pualikaha hele maikaʻi, a me ka hiki ke neʻe koke a lele i waho o ka wai i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mika.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ia e hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā fins pectoral. Neʻe kekahi mau ʻōiwi me ke kōkua o nā neʻe o ka huelo. Ma kēia ala, ʻai ʻia nā iʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pectoral liʻiliʻi.
Eia kekahi, kūlike i ka ʻano a me ka noho ʻana, e like hoʻi i ka nui o nā stingrays e like hoʻi. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka noho ʻana o nā kaona kamaʻāina he lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi he 15 kenimika. ʻO kona inoa inoa stingray uila ʻĀina. ʻO ka hapanui nui loa ʻo ka diabolo, ʻo ia nō hoʻi kahi manta ray. Ua hōʻea kēia holoholona i ka nui mai ka 6 a 7 mau mika, he kaupaona he ʻelua a me ka hapa ʻona. Pēlā paha e hoʻokapa aku ka iʻa iʻa. ʻOiai ʻo ia wale nō, he ʻano ʻano kupanaha loa ia, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kekahi kanaka.
Akā, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻokaumaha iā ia i nā lā kahiko e lilo i kumu no ka makaʻu nui, a ke kai hele, i ka wā e kahe ana i ka wai. ʻO kāna ʻoi manu huluhulu lōʻihi a me ke kino nui i ka wā o ka hāʻule i loko o ka wai i kani ke ʻano o ka pū waikele, ʻaʻole hiki ke makaʻu ʻia i nā luina kuhi hewa.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Nā Stingrays - nā holoholona maʻamau maʻamau a puni ka honua. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā lua polar a me nā ʻāina mokulele. ʻO kekahi o lākou e holo lōʻihi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻAʻole waiho kekahi i nā wai mahana, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e hele ma waena o nā wai anuanu. ʻOiai ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona manuahi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa pinepine i loko o nā pūʻulu lehulehu.
Noho pū kekahi lākou i mau hohonu hohonu. Hiki i ka pihi ke noho i kahi hohonu o 2700 mika, a me ka wai pāpū. ʻO ka mea nui o ka noho ka mea nui e noho ana ma lalo. Ke makemake nei nā stingrays e kanu maoli iā lākou iho i nā hōʻuluʻulu o ka silou a one i lalo ma ka lalo. ʻO kā lākou ʻaoʻao ākea o ke kino i kūpono no ka nohona benthic. Manaʻo, noho kēia mau holoholona i loko o ke kai paʻakai a me nā wai puna, a he wale no nā holoholona wale nō i ʻohi i nā kino wai. Mai makaʻu e lele lele mai kahakai a me ka lalo o nā pona manta wale. Hāʻawi kāna wahi nui i ke kumu o ka minamina o ka holoholona.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
Ua haʻi kēia mau holoholona i ka sex dimorphism. ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka kāne i ka wahine a hiki i ka wā ʻuʻuku. E pili ana i nā ʻōiwi, kahi i kū ai ma nā kihi o nā loina ventral o ka stingray. I loko o nā wā kamaliʻi, hoʻākāka ʻia lākou e nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi inconspicuous; e ka manawa o ka wā ʻōpiopio, lawe nā tubercles i ke ʻano o nā tubule elongated, hiki i kekahi mau kenimike ma waena o nā mea waena.
ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana like
ʻO nā stingrays kahi mea wānana ma ke ʻano. ʻO nā mākia liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā ʻano ʻano, ma muli o ko lākou nui, e koi ʻia e ʻai i ka plankton, mollusks liʻiliʻi, nā octopuses a me nā ʻōpū. ʻO ke koena o ka waiwai pio. Hiki i kahi ʻano nui ke iʻa he nui nā iʻa.
ʻO ka laʻana, flounder, salmon, haddock, cod, a me nā sardines. ʻO ka mea nui o ka manaʻo nui ʻo ka pā nui loa ka manta ray, ka ʻano aniani a me ka nui o ka diabolo ke kai ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka plankton. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna meaʻai ma loko o nā kahe gill e like me ke kumu o ka ihu kohola. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole ia e hana ʻino ai i nā kānaka.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻO nā mau manu ʻē aʻe, nā mea liʻiliʻi e hōʻike i nā hana huki kolohe, no ka mea nāna ka makuahine i hāʻawi iā lākou i nā pono.ʻO ka hapanui o lākou ka mea hiki ke hōʻiliʻili a hoʻokuʻu i ka manawa kūpono i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻ ikehu.
Hāpai lākou iā lākou i kā lākou mea me nā paikana pectoral, a laila make lākou i ke kīwī. No nā iʻa liʻiliʻi nui, lawa kēia. Aia hele ke kanaka i ka ʻeha, hele ʻo ia i ka ʻeha nui a, inā i ka hihia ʻino loa, hiki ʻole ke hōʻeha ʻia ma lalo o nā wai. ʻAi ka ʻupā anuu i ka lepo, makaʻu a alualu nei i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi i ka maka, a laila hoʻokipa pono ia me kāna kiko kikoʻī ia i ʻae i ka ʻano o ka ʻike, kāʻei ʻia me nā pulupā i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Huli kekahi ʻano holoholona i ka hope, a laila pana lākou ia me ka huʻakaʻo.
Pahu a keiki
He holoholona hoihoi loa nā Stingrays. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki iā lāua ke waiho i ka hua a hānau i nā cubs ola. Mālama ka wahine i nā hua ma algae, ke ʻano o ka hiki e hoʻopili paʻa iā lākou. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ma ke apo o kēlā me kēia embryo he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā laha.
ʻO ka nui o nā cubs o hoʻokahi wahine i hilinaʻi i nā ʻano kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, kahi hānau manta ka hānau ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō pākahi i ka manawa, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 10 kilograma. Hoʻopili hou kekahi mau mea. Hoʻokahi no ka hānai hoʻohiki, hiki i kahi holoholona makua ke waiho iā 5 a 50 mau hua. ʻOkoʻa hou ka hoʻolālā Embryo.
He hoihoi kēia! Hoʻoulu nā ʻano hua ola i nā keiki i loko o kahi lua e like me ka ʻōpū o ka mamala. Ma o ke ʻano he kaiʻai no lākou, ma o kāna mau kaʻina kūikawā.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipi, ʻoi a hana a olaila i ke ʻano o nā hānau ʻelua. ʻO kekahi o lākou ua hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi uku uila.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana o nā stingrays e hilinaʻi ana i ko lākou ʻano, a i ʻole ka nui - ka nui. ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu ma luna o kēia manawa ke hiki ke kaena wale i ka manta. ʻO kona mau luhi kupaianaha ke hiki ai ke hoʻonohonoho pono i kahi o hoʻokahi haneli haneli. ʻO nā hihia i hoʻopiʻi ʻia wale nō nā nīnē o nā lawaiʻa "koa" wiwo ʻole, no ka mea ʻo ka ʻai o kēia mau iʻa i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa i loko o nā loina o ka honua.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā stingr sasany e mālama i ko lākou palekana, no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mau mea i nā ʻoki a me nā mea lawaiʻa kai nui. A mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa e like me ka mea hiki. ʻO ka ʻenehana kīleʻaha "e ʻokiʻoki" i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā manawa, nā mea pelagic e makemake nui ana no ka maneuverability kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki, e makemake paha ka poʻe e noho ana ma lalo nei i ke kū ʻole a hiki i ka pō.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā stingrays ma ke pena. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i ka ʻōpū māmā - i ʻae a me ke nānā ʻana o ka lewa mai lalo, a me ka kala o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe i ke kala o ka ʻōpala o kahi i noho ai.
ʻIke ʻia nā Stingrays e pilikia no ka poʻe lawehala. ^ E Ha yM. Koho ʻia ka koho ʻana o nā mea kaua mai ka inoa. ʻO ka huelo o ka holoholona o kēia ʻano ua hoʻolako ʻia me nā pūnaka hakahaka i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻūhā i ke aʻalāʻau kanaka, hōʻemi i ke koko i kekahi mau manawa, a alakaʻi pū ʻia i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe paralysis. ʻO ka iona o kēia iʻa, ma kahi maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomau.
No ka hoʻohālikelike a me nā waiwai
He ʻike ʻole ʻo Stingray. ʻO kona helehelena he ʻano ʻoluʻu, ma luna o kahi ʻulaʻeleʻele, ma lalo o ka māmā. Aia hoʻi ma lalo iho ka waha, ka ihu a me nā mea iʻa o ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe o nā loina caudal i ka ulana, akā he huelo. A ʻo ka mea kupaianaha loa ʻo nā stingrays he mau iʻa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kāhāhā. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka rula e hoʻohana wale ʻia kona mau māhele hope, ʻo ia nō nā ʻēheu. He maikaʻi maikaʻi lākou. Hiki i ka ʻaiʻai i nā ala like ʻole: ʻīla i ka umu, ka palaoa, a hoʻomo i nā ʻuʻū. ʻO ka ʻiʻo Stingray ka nui o nā huaora a me nā minela. E kōkua ka Vitamin A i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hihiʻo, ka Huaʻī C - he waiwai anti-inflammatory, a ua pili ka Vitamin D i ka hoʻolālā kūpono a me ka ulu ʻana o nā iwi. Hoʻoulu ka paʻakai i ka hana puʻuwai, a kōkua ka zinc i nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻili sela. ʻO ka Stingray kahi momona, ʻo ka papakū, palupalu i ka ʻiʻo stingray e hoʻopili ʻia me ka momona kiʻekiʻe, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana a me ka ʻawa.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka stingray he iʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e kūpono i ka lehulehu.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano o nā skate ma ke kumu kūʻai no ko lākou mau ʻēheu momona. Ua manaʻo pālahalaha ʻo ia nā loina pectoral o kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole i ka ʻono no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, no laila, ke hopu wale ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā trawls.
He hoihoi kēia! Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka lāwaho iho ʻaʻole ia ke hopena hope loa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kāna mauʻu i ka laka i ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka lobster.
Ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa ʻenehana, ulu pinepine nā stingrays i ka ʻupena e ka hopu. Kuhi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau nui a pale ʻia ma nā pae mokuʻāina, no ka laʻana, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Aia nā hoʻolālā e mālama i ka pale ʻana ma o nā ʻano mua e like me nā mea lawaiʻa lawaiʻa a me nā mea paʻa.
ʻO ka haʻalulu kaloli a me nā pono momona no kēlā me kēia 100 gram
ʻO nā papa o luna ka poʻe e makemake e hoʻohana i kēia kīʻaha, ʻoiai ʻo ka stingray he iʻa koʻikoʻi. Eia naʻe, koʻikoʻi wale ka ate, nā ʻēheu a me ka ʻili i nā stingrays. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ate me ka nui o nā huaora a me nā mea pono. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino o ke kino. Eia kekahi, he nui ka waiwai o ka iʻa stingray no ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal kanaka, he protein ka waiwai. Kōkua ia i ka kūkulu ʻana i nā iwi a me nā ʻalā, a me ka nele o kēia kumuhana e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka arthritis a me ka atrophy muscle, a me nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā huahana nā mea like ʻole like. ʻO kēia mau minuke. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea holo kino. ʻO ka poʻe e hele nei i ka metabolism maikaʻi ʻole e komo i kēia kai i loko o kā lākou ʻai. Hoʻohana hou kahi kīʻaha ʻē aʻe no ka poʻe e loaʻa kahi haʻahaʻa iodine i loko o ke kino. Manaʻi ʻia nā poʻe e loaʻa i ka maʻi hypertension e ʻai i ka iʻa stingray. ʻAʻole kaʻeha e hoʻokomo i ka meaʻai i ka huahana no ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka atherosclerosis. A loaʻa ka momona o ka iʻa ka omega-3 a me nā momona o ka omega-6, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike i ka kolamu a lawe i ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻawaʻawa, e ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai i ka iʻa stingray. E alakaʻi i nā ʻōpū i ka hana pono a hoʻoponopono i ka palaka. Eia nā ʻano pono o kēia moʻomanaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā contraindications. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia iʻa no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka uluna peptic a me nā gastritis maʻi. A i hiki i ka iʻa ke hōʻeha i kahi maʻi kūlohelohe, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia.
ʻO Stingrays kahi mea nunui o ka iʻa cartilaginous plate-gill, kahi o nā kauoha 5 a me nā ʻohana 15. No nā stingrays, nā fectoral a me nā kino ākea e kālai ʻia me ke poʻo. ʻO ka hapa nui ka stingrays e noho i ke kai. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka kala o ka ʻāpana o luna o ko lākou mau wahi i kahi e kū pono ai nā stingrays. Hiki i ka hope keʻeleʻele a ʻoluʻolu paha.
Hōʻailona ka nui o nā skate mai kekahi mau kenimika a mau mau mika, nā ʻēheu o kekahi mau pihi iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mika (no ka laʻana, he mau skate mai ka ʻohana brackish). Hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi uila uila me kahi "mea kaua" kūikawā. Hoʻopā kēia mau pālule i kā lākou mea make me ke kōkua o nā hoʻoiho uila. Hiki i nā Stingrays ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka honua. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa a kū i ke kahakai o Antarctica a me ke Kaiwai. Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa ke nānā aku i kahi lele "lele" ma kahakai o Australia.
Hoʻokele nā Stingrays i nā manō. Eia kekahi, kahiʻoi o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea like o waho. I ka ʻōlelo o ka hoʻopili ʻana i loko, ʻaʻole i kū ka ʻōiwi o nā iwi, akā, ʻo ka cartilage. I ka wā kahiko, ua like nā stingrays me nā ʻaka ʻaʻole wale ma kā lākou kikowaena kūloko, akā i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona waho. Akā, ua hoʻololi ka manawa iā lākou ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻanā he mau iʻa kahiko. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia - ʻo kekahi o nā iʻa kahiko, e like me nā pika. No ke aha lā ka mea ʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ua hanu nā wahi a pau me nā mea hōʻiliʻili.Akā, inā hoʻāʻo ka pā e hana i ka hana like, a laila, e huki me ka lewa, e huki i loko o ke one e moe ana ma lalo. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hanu o nā stingrays ʻē aʻe i ka hanu o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. E komo ka lewa ma ka pahu kuʻuna ma o nā kahawai kūikawā. Aia ka hope ma hope o kēia iʻa. Mālama ʻia nā ʻīwīwī e kekahi pū a kūikawā, akā inā i ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea kū'ē i loko o nā ʻāpana nāu, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kuʻi mai ia mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai i kahi kahawai wai mai ka mea pīpī.
ʻO nā Stingrays kahi ʻano papa i kulu ʻia. Hiki ke huki ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana i ka wai. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kekahi no kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka huelo i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai, e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. Ke neʻe nei ʻo Stingrays ma muli o ke neʻe o nā fins, ʻoiai e like me nā pōpō panu.
ʻOkoʻa kekahi ʻōpiopio ʻana. ʻO ka mua, i ka nui. Kahi ʻia ka ʻike no ka stingrays e kūlike wale ana i hoʻokahi mau kenimita a me nā stingrays, nona ka nui o 7 mau mika. ʻO ka lua, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano pali like ʻole. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo kekahi mau stingrays, no ka laʻana, ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka wai o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa e makemake e hoʻolilo manawa i kanu ʻia i loko o ke one.
ʻO ke daimonio o ke kai he haohi kupaianaha. Paipai ʻo ia i nā mea holoʻa e hoʻokūkū i nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo kāu makemake! Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi kiʻi i ka wā i lele koke ʻole ai kahi mea i ʻehiku mau mika mai ka wai kai no kekahi mau sekona (a ʻo kēia mea kekahi mea he leʻaleʻa kai leʻa paha, a i kapa ʻia hoʻi, manta ray), nona ke kaumaha ma mua o ʻelua mau tonona. a laila hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pono i nā luʻi. Eia kekahi, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o kekahi manawa, piʻi hou kēia ʻano nunui i ka hohonu o ke kai, e hōʻike ana i nā poʻe lawaiʻa i kahi ʻele ʻeleʻele i kahi hiapo.
He mea palekana ka diabolo kai. ʻOiai ka ʻenehana nui loa o nā rula, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia pehu me kekahi mana uila, ʻaʻohe kaʻū a me nā niho creepy. A ʻo ka huelo elongated, i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e nā kālena, ʻaʻole he mea koa ʻole. He ʻano maikaʻi ke ʻano o ke daimonio o ke kai, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopā i nā poʻe. Loaʻa nā daimonio o ke kai ma nā kai āpau. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka ʻōpū o ka wai, a me kona mānoanoa, a ma ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ma luna o ka wai. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu o ka "lele" i ka daimonio o ka wai i waho o ka wai.
Ua ʻono maikaʻi ka diabolo kai. 'Saylelo lākou ua ʻaʻa wale kāna ʻiʻo, akā maikaʻi pū kekahi. Ma nā puke kahiko hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i ka wehewehe o nā ʻoniʻoni ʻana me ka diabolo kai. ʻO kaʻai wale wale no kēia stingray kahi lōʻihi loa mai ka palekana a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ma muli o kona nui, hiki i ka diabolo ke kai maʻalahi, no ka laʻana, hoʻohuli i ka moku. A no ke aha e pepehi ai i kēia mea hana like ʻole o ka hana, ka mea nui i ka wā e noʻonoʻo pono ai i ka wahine e lawe wale i hoʻokahi cub. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mahalo nui ka nui o nā mea hope, akā naʻe, ʻo ke kaupaona, ma ka awelika ma ka hānau ʻana he ʻano ʻumi ʻeke.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana he lawaiʻa hoʻohālikelike i ka lawaiʻa uila. I ka ʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka laʻa ke diabolo. ʻO ka mea ʻoi nā selela o kahi pā uila (i kapa ʻia kēia mau mea a he ʻōpala paha) ke hiki ke loaʻa i ka uila a hiki i ka 220V (ʻo ia hoʻi, hele mai ka inoa o kēia alahele). A ua ʻike nui ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano uila o kēia mau moku. He mea kūpono ia he hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā lehua āpau ke hiki i ka uila, akā ʻaʻole i like me ka loea uila. Ua ʻike ʻia no ke ʻano kai uila. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kona mau helehelena e like me kēia: e pili ana i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka loa a hoʻokahi mika ka laulā Ua kaupaona ʻia mai ka iwakāluakūmālima a he kanakolu pākama. Ua uhi ʻia nā kino o luna me nā keʻokeʻo a me nā brown, i pili i ka mea hiki ke ʻokoʻa.
Hānau ʻia ka wahine stingray i nā cubs ola. ʻEwalu a hiki i ke ʻumikumamāhā mau mania a hiki i ka wā hānau. Ua lilo ia inā inā i liʻiliʻi nā cubs i kekahi mea pōpilikia, a laila e lawe ka wahine iā ia i kona waha. Aia nā pahu i laila a nilo nā pōʻino.Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hōʻoia kēia mau ʻikepili.
He maulehele nā wahi paʻa uila. He ʻano lohi loa lākou. Eia nō naʻe kekahi mana o ka pali maʻa, ʻo ia ka mea hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hana i kekahi iʻa i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana me ka paʻi. Mahalo i kēia hiki, hiki ʻole i ka lele ke holo koke - hele puʻe i ke one, ke kali wale nei no ka waiwai pio. ʻO ka lawaiʻa iʻa ma kahi o nā wahi uila e neʻe mau nei ke hiamoe a lethargic. I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka stull, he make paha ka iʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā lawaiʻa e pili ana i kēia hiki ke loaʻa o ka rula, ka mana o ka mea ma o ka pūnaewele hiki i ka lima a hana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pūnaewele. Hiki i ka ʻōhumu o kahi stingray ola ke komo i loko o ke kanaka inā hoʻopā ʻo ia me kahi lāʻau. Loaʻa loa ka pā luku.
Hoʻopukū wale ʻia ka ʻūhā makeʻe i make i nā haʻalulu uila. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā pīhoihoi ma lalo o ka wai. Inā hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka lapalapa, he mea maʻalahi ia e hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻihoʻi i nā hāhaʻi uila i kekahi mau manawa. Me ke kōkua o kahi mea uila uila, pale ʻia nā kīpoki i nā ʻenemi a hōʻili i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka mea kaua o nā stingrays kona huelo. ʻO kēia māka wale nō e kiʻi i kāna mohai. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻihoʻi ka pale i ka huila. Hū ʻia ka ʻeha o ka mea i make i ka mea e pili ʻia ana ka huelo o ke alanui me nā kakalaioa. ʻAʻole i lele iki ʻia ka māla a me ka mea e like me ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana iho. A ʻo ka ʻaina o ka meaʻai o ka stingrays, ʻo ka ʻaluna a me nā mōʻī wili, ʻaʻole i weluwelu ʻia e nā stingrays me nā niho, akā me ka platina kūikawā a me nā ledge.
Hāʻule wau i mua o nā maka no kekahi mau lā, no ka mea he wā kūʻai au ma ka manawa kūʻai! Moe ʻoi no ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma ke kahakai. ʻAe, ʻaʻole wale ma kahi hoʻomaha, akā "ola".
Pēlā i hiki mai - a mahalo i koʻu hoa ʻo Tanya (http://audiourokidarom.ru), loaʻa ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi hale ma Alushta ma ke kahakai o ka ʻIli ʻEle.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nani o ka wai mai ka hale o koʻu lumi: ke hālāwai wau i ke kakahiaka i kēlā me kēia lā a inu i ka kofe ma ke kahua ma luna o ke kai. ʻAe, ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo iaʻu iho e hiki i kēia mea ke tupu!
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hele mai wau ma lalo o nā hoʻopaʻi, a e like me ka "papahana piha", e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe i kekahi mea. A kēia manawa mākou e pili ana iā mākou, e pili ana i ke "kaikamahine" - pehea iʻa ka iʻa.
ʻO ka iʻa ʻo Stingray maanei "ʻaʻole ko lākou mahalo nui", haole ʻaina e kāhea iā ia he kui. Loaʻa ia ia ma ka ʻupena, a kūʻai aku nā lawaiʻa iā ia no ke kālā hoʻomāʻewaʻewa, a i ʻole e hāʻawi wale, e like me ʻaneʻi. I ke ahiahi, ua nīnau mai ko mākou "kōkua" iā mākou (Ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Volodya iā mākou i kahi hale) inā makemake mākou e hoʻāʻo i ka ʻōpū.
Ma hope o kahi kānalua iki a me nā wehewehe ʻana aʻe, hōʻole mākou me ka leʻaleʻa "makemake, makemake! "- a me ka zhezh, nani!
ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻai i ka iʻa ʻolua, nāwaliwali no ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana!
Ninau aku o Volodya: e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoe? Pīhai mākou: "E kākou! "Akā ʻike mākou iā ia!
E nānā, ʻo mākou iō .
I ka ʻōlelo, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Volodya iā ia me kahi ʻano o ka kāne kāne "curling" ma ke kahakai - ma ka ʻōlelo, ua hoʻolako ka hāmeʻa i ka wai ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻoki ʻo ia iā ia (a lawe ʻo ia i ka palaka, a ʻoki i nā palala, ʻaʻole naʻe ia i ʻoki i ka ʻili, no ka mea, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomoʻala iā ia), a pēlā pū mākou.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ate Stingray ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka stingray.
Pono e lawe ʻia i waho me ka hū ʻole i ka pā.
Aloha Stingray (500-700 g)
4-5 hua (yolks wale nō)
1 kaʻaole
½ tbsp aila ʻaila ʻaila
ka paʻakai a me ka pepa e hoʻāʻo ai
- Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ipo i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai ( wai ka nui o ka wai e pono e uhi ʻia ).
- Kohuila no 5-7 mau minuke ( kaukaʻi paha i ka nui o nā ate ).
- Kohuʻa i nā hua, ʻili a wehe i nā yolks. (( Mai kiola aku i ka mea puhi - e hele nui lākou ).
- Hoʻopili maikaʻiʻia ke aniani a me ka palaoa a hiki i ke aniani gula - me ka palupalu nā ʻāpana kiko .
- E hoʻokuʻu i ka leʻa pau i loko o kahi colander a waiho i ka maloʻo.
- E kāwili i nā huahana a pau i loko o kahi kīʻaha me kahi ʻula i loko o kahi pā.
- I kēia manawa.
- E hoʻokomo i loko o ka friji.
E lawelawe me ka palaoa brown.
ʻO ka pōpō ke tastier ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika i loko o ka friji.
No ke aha mākou e koi ai i nā ate cod inā he stingray ati!
Lā ʻia ʻo Stingray (ʻili a ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana), akā no 2 mau kumu he aspic mākou.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻohe wahi o ka iʻa, a ʻo ka lua, ʻo ka alaloa, e like me ka mea i haʻi ʻia mai, kūpono wale no ka aspic. ʻAe, manaʻoʻiʻo kāua mau poʻe ʻĀina kai.
1 ramp (ma ʻāpana)
aniani
2-3 kaloti
kahi ʻāpana kiniki
ʻōpala wahī
lau moena, paʻakai a me ka ʻopa
gelatin
- I loko o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, e kō i nā ʻōpala o ka stingray (wai lau) a me nā mea ʻai i nā kukuna nui.
- Kuki no 1,5 mau hola.
- E hoʻohui i ka lau bay ma ka hope.
- ʻAe i ka maloʻo.
- Lawe i ka ʻai a hoʻokaʻawale.
- Hoʻonohonoho no nā kīʻaha i māhele ʻia.
- Hoʻohui i nā protine, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoloti a me nā kāloti i nā pōpoki.
- E wela a e hoʻoilo i ka mea momona.
- Lūlā gelatin.
- E ana i ka waiū (ua loaʻa iā mākou he 1 lita o kaʻaila a he 2 mau pākuhi o ka gelatin).
- Hoʻokuʻu i ka gelatin umauma i loko o kahi pākī wela.
- E ninini i ka wai.
Puffer ʻohana / Rajidae
ʻO nā stingrays a i ʻole nā rhombic stingrays e loaʻa i ka 8 genera a ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau ʻano. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e kahi pālahalaha ākea, nona ia ʻano he nui a ʻokoʻa paha ka rhomboid pihi a uhi ʻia me nā ʻupu nui a me nā kuʻuna liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka popo pectoral i ka snout a hoʻohui pū paha i mua o ia. ʻO nā finsal Dorsal, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻelua. Hōʻalo ʻia ka peni caudal i kahi pā liʻiliʻi membranous, a i loko o nā pākeke kekahi manawa ke kaawale. ʻO nā ʻano nui he mau ʻoneka uila vestigial ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka huelo. He ʻano ikaika o ka pānaʻi, ka wā, a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻano maʻamau i loko o nā lālani rhombic. Kēia mau ʻōpio i nā ʻōpiopio i nā pākeke i ka hoʻohālikelike o ke kino, ka kiʻekiʻe o ka prickling, ka hana niho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kāne a loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ākea ākea me nā spines i hoʻolālā ʻia. ʻO kēia mau leo he laha i nā kai a me nā kai. He ʻano maoli nō lākou o ka wai anuanu (ʻike ʻia ma ka Arctic a me Antarctic) a me nā ʻāina ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu, akā hele pū nō hoʻi ma ke ʻano lāʻau o kai, kahi lākou e noho ai i ka hohonu hohonu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano o kēia ʻohana ma waena o ka poʻe o nā wai pāpū kai, akā he ʻano hohonu nō hoʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻehiku, he ākea, mai ka hohonu o ka 2000 m.. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o nā ʻano ʻōiwi he, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka laulā mai 35 a 180 cm. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka nui loa o nā ʻāpana Pākīpika - ka pulu maemae (Raja batis) - hiki ke piʻi i ka 2.5 m ka lōʻihi a keu aku he 1.5 m ka laulā me ka paona 60-74 kg. Nui nā lālā a pau o kēia ʻohana, e kau ana i nā hua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pū lei i lalo. ʻO kēlā mau kapa i ka waiho ʻia o ka popo poni, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a me kahi ʻano quadrangular a paʻa ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana tubular ma nā kihi, aia kekahi mau ʻano elongated. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia mau kaʻina hana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka capsule i ka lalo. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea i loko o ka hale kiai, hoʻāla ka wahine i nā hua ma nā pālua me ke anawaena o nā lā 1-5, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka wā hānau. Ke hoʻomau mau nei i kekahi mau mahina i kahi lālani. ʻO ka nui o nā peke i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ka mea ʻokoʻa, i ʻokoʻa i waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai ka 4-5 a 50 a keu aʻe paha. Hoʻomoe ka male 'ana i ka palaoa mai 4 a 14 mau mahina. No nā kumu o ka Rhombic ka helu o ka iʻa ma lalo. Hoʻopili ʻia, hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia lākou i ka lepo, a me ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu, e like me ke ʻano o ka flounder, hiki ke loli kūlike i ka kala o ka papa i moe ai lākou. ʻO ka nohona punahele o kēia mau iʻa he one palupulu a i ʻole koʻi ʻōpū. I ka wā i ka lā, hele pinepine nā kuʻekuʻe a moe mālie i ka lalo, i kekahi manawa e ʻeli ana i ka lepo i ka nui wale nā maka, ka spatter a me kahi ʻāpana o ke kua e kū pono ana i ka ʻili. Ke ʻeli nei, hoʻohana lākou i nā pala pectoral i mea e hoʻolei ai i ka one ma kā lākou mau kua. I ka manawa like, e kū pinepine kēia mau kuʻina i ka koloka wai, e alualu nei i ka pio, a i kekahi manawa nānā ʻia i ka papa. I ka wā kauʻauʻau, ka pāalaha lākou i ko lākou mau penal pectoral, e like me nā ʻēheu, a inā pono, hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki.I ka wā e huki ana i ka ʻai kuhi manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā stingrays ma muli o ke kiʻi kūkaʻi, no ka mea, aia ko lākou waha hāmama ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau poʻo. I kēia hihia, holo mua lākou i luna ma luna o kā lākou ʻai, a kaomi iā lākou i ka lalo a me ka wai. He mea maʻamau nā pā hao Rhombic i ko mākou kai ʻākau. I nā kai e holoi ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Lūkia, he 7 mau ʻano o kēia ʻohana, ma ko mākou kai ʻo Far East - e pili ana i nā ʻano he 10, ma ke Kaiʻula - 1 mau ʻano ʻano.
Kahakai Stingray / Rhynchobatus djiddensis
Pākuʻi / Raja radiata
Kuku nā pōkole o kēia ʻano (ka lōʻihi o ko lākou lōʻihi ma luna o 68 mm), a he ʻokoʻa nā ʻōnaehana tubular ma ko lākou mau kihi: ma ka lima hoʻokahi he ʻelua pū nā pū "mau pūhaka", ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe - nā pōkole pōkole. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio i puka mai nā kapuna he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 10 cm. ʻO nā ʻāpana helehele i ka hōkū, he ʻapo ʻōpio e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai i lalo a me nā papa lalo o nā wai me ke kōkua o olfaction. ʻO kāna ʻai ka iʻa o ka iʻa (capelin, gerbil, cod, haddock, flounder, etc.), a me nā ʻano crustaceans like ʻole. Hoʻokele ʻia kēia lihi i ka wā i loko o ka lawaiʻa o ke kuamoʻo, akā ma ke Kaiʻo Barents ʻaʻole nui ke ʻano nui e like me ke kahua lawaiʻa.
Skat fox / Raja clavata
Hoʻomoe ka hana hou i ke kauwela, a waiho i ka wahine i hoʻokahi mau hua haneli, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻana e mau nei i ka 4,5-5.5 mau mahina. ʻO 12 mau ʻāpihi he 12-13 cm ka loa a 8 cm ākea. He waiwai ʻole ke koʻikoʻi o ke koʻikoʻi o kēia kahe wai i loko o kā mākou wai, akā ma ke Kai ʻElau e hana i kekahi i nā mākele i nā lawaiʻa.
Lōhiʻu ʻaoʻao / Potamotrygon motoro
Luku mahele Lepe / Rhinobatos schlegeli
Paea uila / Torpedo marmorata
Laha loa ka hoʻokipa uila ma kai o ke kahakai o ka moana Atlantika ma ke Kai Hikina. Noho ka poʻe Gnusia ma kahakai ma ke kaiʻula, subtropical a me ke anainu mau wai o nā kai a pau a loaʻa ʻia mai ka wai pāpaku a hiki i kahi hohonu o 500 m. ʻO nā ʻano nui loa i hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1,8 m a me ka paona o 90 kg. ʻO kēia mau lohi i ka lohi me ka pulu ma lalo nei e moe ma lalo, kahi i kanu ʻia ma ke one a i ʻole siliki. ʻAi lākou i ka invertebrates ʻelua (crustaceans, mollusks, worm) a me nā iʻa (i loko o loko o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā lākou he flounder, eels, salmon na paona o 2 kg, nā puhaka).
Poʻomanaʻo
ʻO Stingray - ʻo stingray kahi ʻohana o 30 mau ʻano. Pae kēia ʻōlelo i ʻelua mau lōʻihi a ʻelima mau ʻāpana ka laulā. Ua lako ʻia ka huelo me nā manamana pālua he ʻelua a ʻehā, kahi, e like me nā niho, he outgrowths o nā palaka scaly. Ma nā kahawai nui, hiki i ka ʻupu ke nui o 40 cm ka lōʻihi, i kahi ʻāina mālie ke uhi ʻia me ka uhi ʻiliʻili, e uhi ana i nā kohu ʻona. Kau ka lihi i kahi spike i ka wā e hoʻouka ai i kāna mea ʻeha, ua huki ʻia ka uhi a hoʻōki i kahi lua piʻi me nā ʻāpana lua. Nui ʻia ka mea i hoʻopuʻi ʻia me ka pīkī a pue ka lāʻau i ka ʻeha o ka mea ʻai, i kekahi manawa e haki ke kolohe i ka hopena a waiho ʻia i ka ʻeha o ka poʻe pōʻino. Ke ikaika loa o ka pīkī hele a hiki iā lākou ke uhaʻi i waena o nā kāmaʻa o kahi hōʻiliʻiliʻili ʻole a i ʻole nā kahu manu.
ʻAʻole e hoʻokae kahi hoʻokae kaua o kāna mea kaua e kūʻē i nā kānaka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma muli o ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole o ka poʻe iho. Hiki ke hoʻomāliʻi ʻia ka pihi, a hele pinepine kekahi kanaka me ka ʻike ʻole e lilo ia i mea hoʻouka kaua. Ke hele nei i ka wai pāpaku, hana i nā kani hou aʻe me kou mau wāwae, e hoʻoweliweli kēia kaʻina i ka lulu a haʻalele wau i kona wahi. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana e mālama ʻia e nā poʻe scuba e lawaiʻa ana ma ka haʻahaʻa loa a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā mea like ʻole.
ʻEha nā ʻeha ʻeha, ho'ōla no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hōʻeha i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke pā ʻia kahi lāʻau koko nui i ke kīʻaha koko nui; ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke koko i kēia hihia, a hiki i kahi nui o ke koko. ʻO ka mea i hāʻule ʻo ia i hāʻule i loko o ka hōʻeha e hōʻeha nui ai ke ʻeha, ke kipa, ka hanu a me ka hana naʻau. Loaʻa nā hihia hōʻeha - ka hopena mai ke kahe o ke koko, myocardial necrosis, tetanus.
Ina e ku ana oe i ka pope o ka piula, alaila e hoopau koke i ke koko, e kau i ka wahi i pili ia i loko o ka wai wela. Pono e holoi a hōʻulu ʻia ka nahā.Pono e hana i ka anesthesia kūloko a wehe i ke koena tenon. I kekahi manawa āu e hoʻouka ai i ke kōkua o kahi kahuna lapaʻau.
ʻĀpana ikaila
ʻO kahi ʻohana maʻamau kahi stingrays he stingrays uila, nona ka 30 mau ʻano predatory. Loaʻa nā mākini uila e kaha ʻia nā kino uila, aia ma ke alo o ke kino a ma nā ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻōpana i nā discs he mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kahi nalo. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia lihi o kēia ʻano he 375 mau disc i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi ʻenehue. Hiki i kēia hana ke hana i kēia manawa a hiki i 220 volts. Aia ka huluhulu i kāna mea pio me nā pua a hoʻopili i kāna mea i hoʻomana ʻia me kahi kahe uila ikaika. Ke kino hele kino, ʻili lau a puni.
Nā stingrays - nā pale
ʻO kekahi mea ʻeleu o ka stingrays he stingray - bracken. Hiki i kēia Leka ka laula a hiki i 2.5 mau mika a he kauka a hiki i 350 kilograms. Ma ka lāhiku lōʻihi lōʻihi, aia kekahi mau mea makeʻe hona. E makemake kēia rūlū i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ke aniani o nā kai.
I kēiaʻatikala, ua hālāwai mākou me nā holoholona ʻano like ʻole - stingrays, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia lalo o ka honua o ka Honua.
E makaʻala i ka wai, a pale aku i ka hoʻopili me kēia ʻano o ka iʻa cartilaginous!
I waena o iʻa ka oi loa kūlike . ^ E Ha yM. Nā mea i kapa ʻia kūlia - kekahi o nā ʻohana nui a i weliweli paha i nā iʻa manu ʻona.
Uhaʻi ʻia ke kino o nā hihi, e like me ka flounder, me kēia mau iʻa i alakaʻi ai i kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa. Ma nā ʻaoʻao, loaʻa lākou puʻu pectoral overgrown nui, i huli ʻia i ka laulā, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā ʻēheu o ka hoʻokumu. Hoʻokomo ʻia me nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a me ka ʻā, ke kōkua nei i ka iʻa i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana. E hāmama nā waha a me nā kōlehe i lalo ma lalo o ke kino, aia i nā maka ma luna.
Ke hele nei ʻo Stingrays, e like me nā holoholona ma lalo iho i ke ola maʻalahi, no ka mea, ka hapa nui ma ka lalo, e hānai i nā mollusks, me ka hakihaki i kā lākou mau niho me ko lākou mau niho. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai pinepine pinepine i nā mea'ē aʻe kakili stantray, hākohu stick a o kekahi. ʻO ko lākou kino, me nā ʻupuʻu i ka like mai luna mai ka like me ka rhombus. I nā hohonu hohonu o nā kai nūhou e noho ai nā kaila uila, ʻo ke kino nona kahi ʻano pōʻai, a me ka sawfish, e like me ka pulu ma ke ʻano kino a hiki i kekahi mau mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi noho maʻamau o nā stingrays he ākea. Hiki i nā Stingrays ke noho i loko o nā wai anuanu o ka Arctic a me Antarctic, a ma nā wai mahana o nā kai kūlohelohe, pinepine kokoke kokoke i ke kapakai.
Ka noho ʻana o ka ʻĀina a me Kahakai Moana - blue-spotted stingray-tail (loa toxic)
Aia he manaʻo aia ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika ʻĀpana ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ma ka awelika, he 750 poʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E hōʻeha pinepine ʻia ka poʻe i ka hōʻeha ʻana ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika komohana, no ka laʻana, ma ke kahakai o Kina, Korea, Iapana a me ka hema o Primorsky Krai o Lūkini, kahi i weliweli ʻia kaho ulaula . ʻŌpū cat e kalaha nui ʻia ma ka palena kahawai o ka ʻāleʻa ʻo ʻAleulika, ma ke Kaiaulu, ʻ Blackleʻele a me Azov Seas. ʻO nā hōʻeha nui loa i kū mai i ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. No ka poʻe hōʻeha ʻia, ma kahi o 1% make.
Kekahi o nā ʻano stingrays, ma ke ʻano, wai kaho , makemake wai i ka wai pāpū - ʻaʻole hohonu i ka 1 m. E hoʻomalu lākou i ka pale mai ka makani, nā alo wai pāpū, nā wahi pāpū ma waena o nā ʻōpū a me nā waha wai hoʻi. Ma nā wahi āpau i hiki i kēia mau wahi maʻalahi ke hālāwai. Hiki ke ʻike mau ʻia nā stingrays, no ka mea e eli ana i loko o ka one i ʻike ʻia nā maka wale, nā mea ʻala a me ka hapa o ka huelo. I ka huelo o nā kahawai he nui, kahi mai i hoʻokahi o ʻelua mau ʻaluna palaʻai serrated, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia ka mea e kau ʻia nei i ke ʻano o ka huaka a me kona nui.
No ka laʻana, stingray Dasyatis hastata hiki i ka diameter o 2 m me kahi lōʻihi o ka huelo. Ma ke kumu o ka huelo aia kahi sprated spike kokoke 40 cm lōʻihi.Aia maʻa he hina hina ka holoholona o ia holoholona, a ma lalo o ka uliuli ka mea e ʻae ʻia e hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia me ka wai o ka wai. Noho ʻo Stingray i ka nahele mau kahakai, kahi i hopu ai i ka crayfish a me nā mollusks.
"A noʻonoʻo," kākau ʻo F. Talyzin, "he aha ka mea e kū ana inā lele i waho o ka moku a kau i kahi alahele!" E lele koke ʻo ia me ka pīhoihoi, kahi ʻoki o ka pūāī laka e hōʻili ʻia ai ʻo ia i ka puhipuhi o nā aʻa. "
Ma nā wai o Mexico ka laka, akā aia kahi loiloi uila, e like me ka nui ma ke ʻano. Aia nā loea uila ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino ma waena o ke poʻo a me nā peni pectoral. Hiki i ka uila ke hiki iā 220 V, me ka mana o 8 A. ʻO ka hiki ʻana ke luku wale ʻaʻole he kanaka wale nō, akā he holoholona nui nō hoʻi. I ʻike pū ʻia nā stingrays kūlia rhombic e noho ana i loko o nā wai mai British Columbia a hiki i Central Africa. ʻElia pīhoihoi ʻEulopa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻekau iʻa. E makemake ʻo ia i ka wai o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o ke Kaiʻula o Atlantika, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o ke Kai Hikina, ke Kaiʻāina. Kahi kēia o ka leʻa maʻamau o ka makaʻāina.
ʻO ka pua o ka puaʻa kai (ʻEulopa stingray, Dasyatis pastinaca) he make maoli ia me ka ʻakaʻaka - ʻoiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau maka ʻala ʻokoʻa he mea ʻole ma mua o kahi hiʻohiʻona ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino, ʻano ʻano o nā ʻano ma ke ʻano he nui.
Loaʻa ka wai o Kaleponi a me ke kūkulu hema i Mekiko kakali kīwī , a he puʻu nani loa ke nānā aku - kahiki ʻia ola i ke Kaiʻula kai waena, ma ka ʻAkika, ʻAmelika a me Moana Pākīpika. Nui ka nui a california stingray makemake i nā wai Kaleponi. Mai nā stingrays wai wai hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻākau hema e noho ana ma ke kahawai o Paraguay a me Brazil. Hoʻopilikia loa kēia palahalaha, nui nā hewa o ka poʻe i ʻona ʻia e kēia holoholona. A ka hope, helu ʻia lākou i loko o nā kiʻina he nui a pōʻai hoʻohālikelike , kahi mea like, e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, he ʻano kino ʻē aʻe a me kahi ʻoi pōkole. Noho ʻo ia ma nā wai o Kaleponi a ma hema aʻe o ke Kaiʻula o Panamaka.
Loaʻa ʻia i bracken - he ʻāina maikaʻi i ka ʻohana bracken - ʻo ia kekahi o ka weliweli a me ka lehulehu
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka wai maʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i nā stingrays ma kahi kokoke i nā kahakai, e hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka poʻe lawaiʻa. Ke ʻike nei i kahi holoholona i kanu ʻia ma ke one, hiki ke hele a kokoke i kahi huelo. ʻAʻole like i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lele ka lawehala mai ka mea e hoʻokokoke ana iā ia, e pale maikaʻi ʻia e ke ʻano. Hāʻawi ke kanaka e kapihi iā ia i kahi pana nui o ka wāwae me kahi kikoo mai ka neʻe pihi. ʻO nā Stingrays pinepine ʻoi aku ma mua o nā iʻa ʻawaʻawa e hoʻohewa ai, no ka mea he nui loa lākou, huna ʻia lākou ma kā lākou wahi punahele a he pā kaua ikaika no ka pale.
Ua hōʻeha koke ʻia ke kanaka hōʻeha. ʻO kaʻeha koʻikoʻi ka ʻeha mai ka huakaʻi o ka huelo o ka stingrays wai wai. Hiki i ka mea ʻeha ke kīwī i ke kīhi i ke koko, ka luaʻi, a me ka ʻehaʻeha. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, e ulu paha ka lolo. Me ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa nui, hiki i kahi kanaka ke make.
Hoʻokahi ʻia ka pilaline o ka lua o ke kuʻuna i kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻili i waena o ka huelo. I kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā Spimens e loaʻa kahi ʻekolu o ka huelo. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka tenon i mālama ʻia e ka mākeke i loko o kona ola holoʻokoʻa ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻohe kumu hōʻike i kēlā me kēia makahiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nei ka tenon hou.
Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau ʻohana ʻAmelika i nā pua nui o ka wai puna wai e noho nei ma ka Amazon e like me ka mākaukau pana pana puaʻa kūlohelohe.
Aia kahi hua lāʻau i kahi mea e like me ka iwi iwi. Hele kekahi mau ʻōhi ma kona ʻaoʻao. Mai kona lalo lalo, ua hāhali pū kekahi puʻu hohonu i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa kahi pūpū hina hina, kahi e hana ai i kahi mea huna kolohe.
ʻO ka Stingray venom ka nui o ka palaka mai kahi he ʻumi nā puʻupuʻu a ʻokoʻa paha e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ʻelima o lākou he mea ʻala.
Ma lalo o nā kalai ʻia ka Stingrays, no ka mea e kapa iā lākou i ka iʻa cartilaginous me ke ʻano kino kino. Heʻokoʻa like ʻole nā ʻelele o kēia hui ʻōnaehana, no laila, ua hui pū ʻia lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu he nui i kūkulu ʻia kahi superorder Skaty. I loko o ke ao nei he 340 mau ʻano o kēia mau iʻa. ʻŌnaehana, ua kokoke lākou a pau i nā hiwa.
Lōhaʻi uila kuʻuna (Torpedo marmorata).
Ma muli o ka ikaika palupalu o ke kino, wehe ʻia ke kaohi ʻia i kēia mau iʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino. Aia nō kekahi waha nui. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā puka liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka waha. Hiki i nā mea ʻike ʻole ke lawe iā lākou no nā maka liʻiliʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kikoʻai kēia. Ma o lākou, ua hāleu ka wahie i ka wai i loko o nā kaila gill e hanu ai. Loaʻa nā maka maoli i nā stingrays ma ke kino o luna. I nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ko lākou nui e pili ana i ka nui a i ka liʻuliʻu, a me ka puʻu uila makapō, ua huna ʻia lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā maka ʻōpū pōkole o nā alopeke moana (Raja clavata) i nā helehelena maoli, akā i ka maka o ke kumu o ka hele ʻana.
I ka pili ana me nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical, ua loli pū nā kino o nā neʻe i nā loli. Ua hōʻemi ʻia ka loina anal o nā hihi, a ua ulu pū nā mea pectorals me ke kino, e huli ana i nā "ʻao" i hāhi. I kekahi mau stingrays, liʻiliʻi nā loina a ʻaʻole i komo i ka neʻe, ko lākou neʻi pana nui, e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, he ʻāpana muscular. Ma nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe, ma ke kaʻawale, he nui nā peni pectoral, a nui ka ʻili a me nāwaliwali. Ke ʻau ʻia kahi iʻa nei e piʻi a hoʻoulu wale ʻia i kona mau pua a me nā mea e lele ana i ka koloka wai. Ma ke ala, hiki i kēia ala o ka neʻe ke hoʻomohala i nā awela i ka holo kiʻekiʻe a hiki ʻoi aku i waho o ka wai no kekahi mau mika.
ʻO ka bipi keiki bipi ʻōpiopio ʻ Eastkika Hema, a i ʻole kau pipi (Rhinoptera bonasus) i hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ka pahu a hele a "holo".
ʻO ka nui a me hoʻoliʻiliʻi o kēia mau iʻa i kahi ākea loa. I waena o lākou, aia nō kekahi mau monochromatic (hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele), a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻula (spotted, patterned).
Hiki i ka hoʻonaninani ʻulaʻula polū (Taeniura lymma) ke hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kala o ke kino mai ke aniani a ʻoliva, a e huli a pulu a kikowaena paha nā wahi.
Aia ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka māla uila ʻanāne ʻehā ma kahi o 14 cm mau maka, a ʻo ka nui loa - manta, a i ʻole ka diabolō o ke kai - hiki i 6-7 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ia 2,5 tons! I ka lele ʻana o kēia ʻano nunui mai ka wai mai, hāʻule kona ʻano i ke kai me ka puʻu ʻana o ka waʻa.
ʻO Manta, kahi a ke kai paha (Manta birostris), e holo ana me nā lāʻau ʻelua ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, ua like me kahi mokulele Stealth i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā missiles.
ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi kahi kūlike o nā kūlana ola o nā stingrays. Loaʻa kēia mau iʻa i nā zima climatic āpau - mai nā tropics a i nā wahi polar. Makemake kekahi mau holoholona i ka wai anuanu i kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole ka waiho i ka palena o nā ʻanina mahana, a aia kekahi mau mea e holo lōʻihi ma nā wahi lōʻihi.
ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā skate he ʻano maʻamau, hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hoʻopili i nā ʻōpala nui. ʻO kēia hipa o nā bipi kauʻa Hema Hikina e neʻe ana mai Mekiko a i Florida kahi helu ma kahi o 10,000 paha hoʻokahi.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā Stingrays i ka wai pāpū a ma ka hohonu a hiki i ka 2000-2700 m. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e noho ana i kai a me nā kai, a he kumu wale nō ka ʻohana o nā kahawai wai nā kumu ka wai o ka wai o South a me Central America.
ʻO kekahi ʻano nui wai i loaʻa i nā tiger stingray (Potamotrygon tigrina).
E like me ke kānāwai, alakaʻi kēia iʻa i kahi nohona ma lalo o ke ʻano, kahi kūpono e kū pono pono ai kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. Akā ʻaʻole makaʻu ke ona ka manta nui e ʻauʻe i uka a i lalo, ʻo kona nui nui e pale iā ia e ʻenemi.
Huli ka hakahaka i nā maka manta alo i mua o nā mokupuni o Revillagigedos (Mexico). No nā kānaka, ʻaʻole i weliweli kēia mau kaulea i kēlā
Nui nā holoholona iʻa no ka iʻa no nā stingrays. ʻAi nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka ʻuʻuku, nā mollusks, nā mea huʻu, nā mea ʻaka, a me nā ʻopa liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea nui i hopu i ka iʻa: ʻo nā mea a kā lākou mau mea make i ka sardines, haddock, capelin, mullet, flounder, cod, eels, salmon.Akā ʻo ka manta nui, ma ke kaʻawale hoʻi, e hānai i ka plankton a me nā iʻa ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili wale ʻia ʻo ia i kāna waiwai pio, ke kahe ʻana i ka wai ma loko o nā hue. Eia nō naʻe, ka hana maʻamau o ka lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ʻia e nā uila elele a me nā sawfish stingsr, a i ʻole he ʻano hii (ʻaʻole e pupule ʻia me nā sham saws.). Aia nā mea kahiko i nā ʻāpana uila e ʻoka ʻia e kahi ʻāpana kūikawā o ka lolo. "Mālama" hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka uku a hoʻokuʻu i nā manawa kūpono, me ka ikaika o kēia mau manawa he 7-8 amperes, ka ʻike o ka ʻenehana no nā ʻano like ʻole mai 80 a 300 mau volts. No nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka make o ka pīhoihoi kuʻekuʻe, no ka mea ua hōʻeha loa ia ke kanaka maikaʻi loa, a ʻoi aku ka pōʻino e hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia i ka maʻi lōʻihi o ka pīpī. ʻO ka poʻe sawfish, ua kālele ʻia kāna kīlaha i ke ʻano o ka papa, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā kihi me nā niho koʻikoʻi. Me ke kōkua o kēia loiloi, ʻōkō ka ʻupepa i kūai i ka lepo, hoʻokuʻu a ia, a hōʻilii i kahi ʻohana iʻa, kī ma nā ʻaoʻao a hoʻonā i nā poʻe i hana ʻia.
He lāʻau ʻona ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole he sawfish (Pristis zijsron).
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo ka stingrays me ko lākou mau hoa pili pili kuaʻōkōlohi i kahi kālaiola nui i kūkulu ʻia. Ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia, waiho ʻia lākou i nā capsules hua a hānau keiki paha i nā cubs ola. I ka hihia mua, e waiho ana ka wahine i nā hua 1-2 ma kahi wā o 1-5 mau lā. Hiki i ka mīkini hānai ke kau no nā mahina, i loko o kēia manawa ke manawa ka mea pākeke e waiho i 4-5 a 50 mau huaʻala. Kahu ʻia kēlā me kēia koholā, ke kihi o kēia pahu i pau me nā kaula, me kā lākou kōkua i ka pūpū hua manu e hoʻopili ʻia i ka lepo a i ʻole algae. ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka embryo i nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 4 a 14 mau mahina. He wā lōʻihi kēia no ka iʻa, akā ʻaʻole e puka mai kahi hua liʻiliʻi mai loko mai o ka hua, akā he ʻano ʻōpio i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia wā ʻōpiopio. I nā ʻano viviparous, pīpī ka pīkī i ke kino o ka makuahine i kahi ʻokoʻa kūikawā e like me ka ʻōpū o ka mammals. ʻO ke kumu nui o nā pono meaʻai no lākou nā hua ʻai o ka hua, i ka hoʻohui, ʻōlohelohe nā embryos i ka kahe i hoʻomoʻa ka kaʻina o ka ʻōpū. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana e like me ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū i nā holoholona.
Kahi mau hua momona.
Ke kūlohelohe nei ʻo ia wale nō i ka palekana, he mea ʻole ka mea e alo i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma muli o kona nui. Loaʻa nā koena i koe no nā ʻano iʻa i ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka hiwa. I mea e pale ai i nā stingrays i hoʻomau i kahi nui o nā hāmeʻa. Ke hilinaʻi nei kekahi mau meaʻokoʻa i ka pale pale a me kahi kūlana pāhaʻi, hoʻoulu iā lākou e kū'ē i ke kua o ka lepo. I ke ao, ʻaʻole ikaika ka mau lua a makemake e moe i lalo, a pīpī iā lākou iho me ka one. Ke hilinaʻi nei nā pelagic i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke lele i waho o ka wai. Mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana uila e nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia manawa.
Akā ʻo ka meaʻoi loa ka weliweli. ʻO kēia mau iʻa he kihi incsporpicuous 10-37 cm lōʻihi ma waenakonu o ka huelo. Aia kekahi kolo i hānai ʻia me nā pona ʻona ma ka lalo o ka spike. ʻO ka pā o ke alaloa e ʻoki ʻia me kāna huelo mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao me ka ikaika āpau, he ʻeha nui loa ka kuʻikahi me kāna ʻano lele. ʻOiai i ka pohō o ka wai ʻole o ka pōʻino, hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻopuka i ka maʻi pākaha o nā wāwae, a me nā mea iʻa aʻai ke kumu i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pehu o ke koko, ka luaʻi a me ka ʻōpala o nā uaua ʻeha. ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i kēia iʻa, ʻo ka mea maoli kahiko Australia o Steve Irwin, ke kāʻai ʻia ka lāʻau kuʻi i loko o ka umauma.
ʻO ka cat cat (Dasyatis pastinaca) kahi inoa maʻamau o nā stingrays (ʻike ʻia kahi hua lāʻau i waena o ka huelo). I ke kauwela, loaʻa i ka ʻEleʻele a me Azov Seas.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o kēia mau iʻa he mau mea ʻāpono a lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. ʻO kēia ʻono ka momona o ka ʻiʻo o ka Mediterranean stag (mobula) a me ka ate o ka ʻiʻo kai. I ka manawa like, pono nā ʻano nui o nā stingrays e pale ai, e like me ka iʻa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o ke ʻano hāpili o ke kino, ʻaʻole kūpono nā stingrays e mālama i nā loko o ka hale home, e like me kā lākou e pono ai nā lako. Akā hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā kīʻaha ākea ākea, kahi e pili aloha ai nā mea ʻino ʻole i nā mea kīkole ʻole.ʻO kēia mau iʻa ʻoluʻolu e waiho iā lākou iho i ka hao ʻia a lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā lima o nā malihini.
"Ke huki nei" ʻoihana "ʻoiai e hānai ana i ka New Orleans Aquarium (USA).
Hāʻule wau i mua o nā maka no kekahi mau lā, no ka mea he wā kūʻai au ma ka manawa kūʻai! Moe ʻoi no ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma ke kahakai. ʻAe, ʻaʻole wale ma kahi hoʻomaha, akā "ola".
Pēlā i hiki mai - a mahalo i koʻu hoa ʻo Tanya (http://audiourokidarom.ru), loaʻa ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi hale ma Alushta ma ke kahakai o ka ʻIli ʻEle.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nani o ka wai mai ka hale o koʻu lumi: ke hālāwai wau i ke kakahiaka i kēlā me kēia lā a inu i ka kofe ma ke kahua ma luna o ke kai. ʻAe, ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo iaʻu iho e hiki i kēia mea ke tupu!
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hele mai wau ma lalo o nā hoʻopaʻi, a e like me ka "papahana piha", e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe i kekahi mea. A kēia manawa mākou e pili ana iā mākou, e pili ana i ke "kaikamahine" - pehea iʻa ka iʻa.
ʻO ka iʻa ʻo Stingray maanei "ʻaʻole ko lākou mahalo nui", haole ʻaina e kāhea iā ia he kui. Loaʻa ia ia ma ka ʻupena, a kūʻai aku nā lawaiʻa iā ia no ke kālā hoʻomāʻewaʻewa, a i ʻole e hāʻawi wale, e like me ʻaneʻi. I ke ahiahi, ua nīnau mai ko mākou "kōkua" iā mākou (Ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Volodya iā mākou i kahi hale) inā makemake mākou e hoʻāʻo i ka ʻōpū.
Ma hope o kahi kānalua iki a me nā wehewehe ʻana aʻe, hōʻole mākou me ka leʻaleʻa "makemake, makemake! "- a me ka zhezh, nani!
ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻai i ka iʻa ʻolua, nāwaliwali no ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana!
Ninau aku o Volodya: e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoe? Pīhai mākou: "E kākou! "Akā ʻike mākou iā ia!
E nānā, ʻo mākou iō .
I ka ʻōlelo, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Volodya iā ia me kahi ʻano o ka kāne kāne "curling" ma ke kahakai - ma ka ʻōlelo, ua hoʻolako ka hāmeʻa i ka wai ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻoki ʻo ia iā ia (a lawe ʻo ia i ka palaka, a ʻoki i nā palala, ʻaʻole naʻe ia i ʻoki i ka ʻili, no ka mea, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomoʻala iā ia), a pēlā pū mākou.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ate Stingray ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka stingray.
Pono e lawe ʻia i waho me ka hū ʻole i ka pā.
Aloha Stingray (500-700 g)
4-5 hua (yolks wale nō)
1 kaʻaole
½ tbsp aila ʻaila ʻaila
ka paʻakai a me ka pepa e hoʻāʻo ai
- Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ipo i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai ( wai ka nui o ka wai e pono e uhi ʻia ).
- Kohuila no 5-7 mau minuke ( kaukaʻi paha i ka nui o nā ate ).
- Kohuʻa i nā hua, ʻili a wehe i nā yolks. (( Mai kiola aku i ka mea puhi - e hele nui lākou ).
- Hoʻopili maikaʻiʻia ke aniani a me ka palaoa a hiki i ke aniani gula - me ka palupalu nā ʻāpana kiko .
- E hoʻokuʻu i ka leʻa pau i loko o kahi colander a waiho i ka maloʻo.
- E kāwili i nā huahana a pau i loko o kahi kīʻaha me kahi ʻula i loko o kahi pā.
- I kēia manawa.
- E hoʻokomo i loko o ka friji.
E lawelawe me ka palaoa brown.
ʻO ka pōpō ke tastier ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika i loko o ka friji.
No ke aha mākou e koi ai i nā ate cod inā he stingray ati!
Lā ʻia ʻo Stingray (ʻili a ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana), akā no 2 mau kumu he aspic mākou.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻohe wahi o ka iʻa, a ʻo ka lua, ʻo ka alaloa, e like me ka mea i haʻi ʻia mai, kūpono wale no ka aspic. ʻAe, manaʻoʻiʻo kāua mau poʻe ʻĀina kai.
1 ramp (ma ʻāpana)
aniani
2-3 kaloti
kahi ʻāpana kiniki
ʻōpala wahī
lau moena, paʻakai a me ka ʻopa
gelatin
- I loko o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, e kō i nā ʻōpala o ka stingray (wai lau) a me nā mea ʻai i nā kukuna nui.
- Kuki no 1,5 mau hola.
- E hoʻohui i ka lau bay ma ka hope.
- ʻAe i ka maloʻo.
- Lawe i ka ʻai a hoʻokaʻawale.
- Hoʻonohonoho no nā kīʻaha i māhele ʻia.
- Hoʻohui i nā protine, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoloti a me nā kāloti i nā pōpoki.
- E wela a e hoʻoilo i ka mea momona.
- Lūlā gelatin.
- E ana i ka waiū (ua loaʻa iā mākou he 1 lita o kaʻaila a he 2 mau pākuhi o ka gelatin).
- Hoʻokuʻu i ka gelatin umauma i loko o kahi pākī wela.
- E ninini i ka wai.
ʻO nā Hōʻea Stingrays
Noho nui nā Stingrays ma kahi o ka poʻe noho a me ko lākou wahi punahele kahi e noho ai hohonu hohonu o ke kai . ^ E Ha yM. No ka mea he poʻe kānaka hānai lākou, he hauʻoli lākou i ka ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā palulu, nā mollusks, kahi mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka papa o nā kaola. Ma muli o ke ola o ka nui o ke kai ma lalo o ke kai a me nā kai, ua loli ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka dorsal o stingrays mai ke one a i ka ʻeleʻele. I kēia ala, hoʻohālikelike lākou i ka hoʻololi o ka honua haʻalulu a i ʻole nā kala a i ke kala o nā kala i hope no ke kipi. ʻAno like ka noho ʻana o nā ʻano stingrays: hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o ke kai anuanu o Antarctica a me nā kai pālau.ʻAnoʻoluʻolu lākou i ka wai o ka wai a hiki i ka 30 0 C. Nui nā ʻano stingrays e noho pololei mai ke kapakai, ma kahi hohonu o hoʻokahi moha, akā aia nō hoʻi kēlā mau mea e iho nei i ka hohonu o ke kai a hiki i ʻekolu mau kilomita.
Nā ʻano ʻōiwi
I ka kūlohelohe, aia ma mua o ʻehā mau ʻano mau stingrays. Lā maoli ko lākou ʻano me ke ʻano o ke ʻano noho ma ko lākou ala.
Eia, eia kekahi o lākou:
- ke ʻano o kēia ʻano ka manaʻo o ke kaumaha o kēia ala e hiki i ka 2 tons (!) a me nā ʻēheu i ka neʻe a hiki i 7 mika. Nānā nui ʻia ʻo Manta i ka ʻaʻe ʻana, ua like ia me kahi manu nui. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano o kēia ʻano hehaka ʻo ia ka mea makemake lākou i nā dolphins e like me ka lele ʻana mai loko mai o ka wai, hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1.5 mita a hāʻule hoʻi i hope, hoʻowalī i ka wai i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole.
- ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻēheu o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, ua lōʻihi a hiki i 2.5 mau mika.ʻI ka lōʻihi, hiki iā ia ke kiko a ʻelima mau mika. I ka pale o kēia ʻano, i ka hope o ka huelo, aia kekahi mākaʻi e hoʻohana ai no lākou iho i ke pale ʻana a hiki iā lākou ka pā i ka ʻenemi a lele lele ʻo ia i ka ʻaoʻao.
Kahi uila - he ʻano makana ke ʻano o kēia ʻano stingrays, kahi hoʻoheheʻe uila, hiki ke pale aku i ka stingray mai ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana a i ʻole hoʻopā i ka mea i pio. Ua waiho ia ka uku o ke ikehu ma ke kaei o ke poo o ka pulu a na puono pectoral. E hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia manawa a hiki i ka pae ākea a hiki i ka 40 volts. A lawa kēia uū e hoʻomāʻū ai i ka mea ʻānai, e ʻānai ʻia a laila ʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hou o nā stingrays
ʻO ka ʻili wahine wahine, i ka manawa o ka moʻo ʻana, hōʻuluʻulu iā ia a ʻoi loa ka nui o nā kāne, ʻoiai, me he mea la ʻoiai ka spbound, hana hou i nā neʻe a pau o ka wahine. ʻO ka kāne maikaʻi a holomua hoʻi i lanakila i kēia mau pāʻani ke loaʻa i ka kuleana e kope me kahi wahine, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a hoʻokahi hapa wale nō.
Stingrays hana hou i nā ʻano like ʻole: aia nā viviparous a e kau ana i nā hua, nā mea i kapa ʻia nā kapoti, ma loko o kēlā me kēia. Aia kahi ʻano o nā stingrays e like me ka Dēha o ke kai, he wahine a kēia ʻano kanaka i lawe i kahi pēpē hoʻokahi makahiki a pau, ka mea e hānau nei he kaukani paha i hoʻokahi mau ʻeke a ua ulu i hoʻokahi mika. Ma hope o kona hānau ʻana, pio ka makemake o ka makuahine i kāna keiki a hele akula ʻo ia i kāna ponoʻī.
- ʻO Stingray - ʻo ka stingray ka mea i hoʻopono i nā kānaka he nui. Ma ka huelo o ka laha o kēia ʻano, ua kau kahi pōkiʻi nui, ma kahi hope o nā kuhi nā mea make. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hapa o kēia mau mea, ua hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kanaka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ke koko i ka liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū ke hōʻiliʻili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻihoʻi.
- Aia nā maka a me ka waha o ka lāʻau kalai ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa ma ke poʻo a ʻaʻole ʻike ka maka o ka stingray i ka manawa e ʻai ai.
- Hopu ka poʻe i nā stingrays a hoʻohana i kona ʻili e hana i nā kāʻei a me nā pale, a ʻai i ka ʻai.
- Ma nā wahi e noho ai ka puali, hoʻāʻo nā kamaʻāina a me nā kahakai e loaʻa kahi haʻalulu uila mai ka neʻe ʻana. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kaila i makemake ʻia mai ka wailele, hiki i nā kānaka ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi he nui, e like me ka ʻeha o ka hope.
- Ua ʻimi ikaika nei ka poʻe kahiko i nā stingrays caudate . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā kau o kēia mau rula i hana i nā pua. Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i leʻoluʻolu loa i ka hopu ʻana, ua momona lākou i ka pehu, nā mea i kōkua iā lākou i ka hakakā ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūwaho. ʻO kaʻikepili e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona, nā home, nā maʻamau a me nā hopena o nā hālāwai e pili ana i kahi rula he mea hoihoi loa a hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i lawa kahi puke e wehewehe ai i nā mea āpau a ke kanaka e makemake ai e pili ana i kēia mau mea ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana o ka uila ka lawaiʻa ʻenehana iʻa , kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka hele ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana uila paʻa. Aia i nā kime o nā kaila uila he 4 mau ʻohana a ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau ʻano.
Kūʻai uila - nā ʻano a me ka wehewehe.
ʻO ke kino o ke kaila uila he ʻano ʻākoʻikuʻu me kahi elongation liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o kahi huelo, aia kahi caudal fin a i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pua o luna. Hiki i ka hiʻona o ke kino o ka papa i hiki i 50 kenimika. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻelele nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino lōʻihi ka hiki ʻana i ka 1,2 mika, a ʻo ka paona he 100 kg ka nui. Hiki i ka iʻa kai ʻo Stingray kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe: mai ke kala maʻalahi i ka kala a hiki i nā kiʻi kaha a me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona. Aia nā maka o ka maka uila i luna, aia kahi ʻano anatomical e kumu ai kahi ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ʻana o kēia iʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino kīhaka ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka iwi i ka uila, aia ma waena o ke poʻo a me nā penikala pectoral. Nā kino uila o nā stingrays Hoʻolālā no ka pale pono iā ia iho a hopu Me ke kōkua o ka poʻe, e hoʻokuʻu ke kahelehele i ka beam-like uilana hoonoho mana mai 6 a 220 volts. Pēlā e hoʻāhewa ka iʻa a ka ʻenemi a kaua kūʻē iā ia.
Aia ma hea ke ola ʻana?
ʻOkoʻa ʻē nā kamaʻāina o nā stingrays. Noho ka ʻōpiopio uila ma nā ʻōpū, nā pōlele lepo, ma nā wahi kahakai. I kekahi manawa hiki ke noho ka pihi ma ka hohonu o ke kai a me nā kai, ʻo ka hohonu o ka pihi e pili ana i ka 1000 mika. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia iʻa i loko o nā wai wale o nā aʻalima hoʻokaumaha a me nā nūlā mokulele.
ʻO nā stingr Young ʻōpiopio mai ka hānau ʻana i kahi paʻa uila. Hiki i ke stingray uila kiki wahine ke ola i nā pēpē 8-14. Kūleʻa ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka stingray a wahine hou a ma kahi o 2 mau kenimika.
Keʻa ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa Ma kahi o kāna mana uila, loaʻa iā ia kekahi taleni ponoʻī. ʻO kēia mau iʻa lawaiʻa maikaʻi, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kino hoʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAe nā loina i nā ʻōpala i puʻe i ke kai me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika i ka lanakila ʻana i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi. Mālama kēia i nā stingrays i ke kaʻina e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai no lākou iho a me kā lākou mau pēpē hānau hou.
He aha kā mea eʻai ai a pehea e huli ai ka māla uila?
Hoʻohana nui ka ʻōhū uila i nā iʻa a me ka kalima. Hoʻolaha nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā stingrays i ka plankton liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā kīʻaha, a me nā octopuses. ʻAi nui nā ʻano lāʻau iʻa i ka iʻa. ʻO ka laʻana, mullet, salmon. Ke holo nei, hopu ke kahe uila ka mea me kāna mea i hopu a hoʻopaʻa iā ia me nā pala. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻōnaehana uila ma ka mea pepehi, ma muli o kona make ʻana.
ʻO Stingray (kaʻe kai) kahi kamaʻāina o ke kai. ʻO kona kino ke ʻano he rhombus me kahi huelo ʻoki ma ka hope. Ma ke kānāwai, kokoke i nā ʻano o kēia mau iʻa i nā spines a me nā pupu ma ko lākou kua.
Mai ka wā nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano puʻupuʻu weliweli a me nā ʻano moʻolelo, i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā moʻolelo kūlike i hoʻopuni ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻalopū moana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻano weliweli ko lākou helehelena a makaʻu pū ʻana. Eia kekahi, aneane nā ʻāpana āpau e noho ana i ka hohonu o ke kai i nā mea make a me ka weliweli i nā kānaka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpio o ke kai me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ke kai a me nā kai. ʻO lākou i kā lākou mau hana ponoʻī a me nā hiʻohiʻona:
- ʻO ke kino ʻōlima nā pūlū lau loa, a ma ka huelo i kahi kī ʻoi loa.
- Hoʻohui ʻia ke poʻo i ke kino ma kahi holo kū pono pololei.
- Aniani nā maka.
- I ka iʻa he dorsal a me ka fin pectoral.
- No ka pili ʻana o nā ʻalopeke i ka moana, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia ko lākou spine i ka cartilage, ʻaʻole nā iwi. ʻAʻole he mea makaʻu ka poʻe a pau i kēia iʻa.
- I loko o ka waha wahaheʻe, ʻaʻohe niho o nā niho he nui me ka punala, ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe, he lamellar lākou a ʻaʻole i nā aʻala i ka pono.
- Aia ka ihu waha aia ma lalo, no laila ʻaʻole i ʻike nā alopeke a ke kai e ʻike ai i kā lākou mea e hānai ai. ʻO kēia mau lua wale nō ka honi ʻana i ka mea pio.
- Hiki ke kala o ka stingrays a brownish-hina, tan me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke kāne hiki ke hele i ka 90 cm, a ʻo nā wahine - 125 cm.Ny keu nui paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine.
Me ka mea kānalua, e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ua kapa ʻia nā stingrays "E ʻae nā kaila" mahalo no lākou hiki iā lākou ke hahai i kahi o ka hana e hoʻāʻo ai e hopu i ka wā o ka holo ʻana o kahi pali.
I ʻike ʻia nā stingrays, ʻo ka pūpū a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ke aloha e kū i lalo, ma kahi hohonu o 90-100 mika. O ka hana nui a eli ai i ke one a noho malie i ka noho malie. I ka lalo, hiki iā lākou ke hopu maʻalahi i ka poʻe noho mollusk e noho ana.
Kūpono, loaʻa ke ʻalake i ke kai kokoke i ke kapakai, a hele kokoke i ka manawa mahana (ke kauwela, ke kauwela, ka hoʻoilo wela). ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka wai anuanu a me ka wai hou.
Pehea ka holoholona holika?
ʻO kēia mau ʻalopale ma lalo o ke kai, e like me nā iʻa. hoʻonui e ka paʻipaʻi kūloko . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai ke kumu nui no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka moe. Lawe nui ka kāne i kahi kāne, hoʻopili ʻo ia iā ia ma hope o ka wahine. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia i ka wahine, a ʻo ka mākona e hele mai i ke kau ʻana i ka pterigopodia i ka wahine.
Eia kekahi ʻano o kēia iʻa i ka hua manu, a ʻaʻole paha. Aia ia i ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻalopeke moana.
Ma hope o ka lōʻihi, waiho nā wahine i kā lākou hua. Loaʻa paha mai hoʻokahi haneri a i hoʻokahi haneli , a keu hou aku. ʻO ka hua moa ka ihi pepe a me ke kao o 10 cm a he 7 cm ka lōʻihi a he lapalapa kona e pili ana i lalo.
Aia ka iʻa hou ma loko o ka ʻōpū a loaʻa iā lākou ke kino o kahi stingray liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ulu ka palaoa, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hānai i lalo o nā pōpoki, ka ʻala a me ka palake.
ʻAi ʻona
Noho ʻo Stingrays ma nā wai o ka Arctic a me Antarctic. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wai moana o Rusia. Ua kūpono kēlā a me ka mahana o ka wai o ka ʻalopeke wai. Hoʻopili nā Stingrays i nā wahi a pau i ka meaʻai ponoʻī ʻana, pale iā lākou iho mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me ke kōkua o nā pīpī, ʻano like a mālie. ʻO ka wai o ka wai, e makemake ana ka iʻa e noho i ka hohonu o ke kai, akā hiki ke kiʻi i ka wai o ka wai. Eia pū kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kahi stingray ma ke Kai o Azov.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai He ʻokoʻa kēia mau iʻa a ʻokoʻa nō ka:
- ʻula
- kekahi mau hōʻailona hōʻino
- huki ma kahi ʻano
- hana
- wahine ole.
Nā mea kikoʻī o kēia mau iʻa.
- Kahula-Gnose.
- Orlyakovye.
- Sawalaka.
- Nā Koloa.
He ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻāpana, a ʻokoʻa paha. 300 a 350 mau ʻano . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā māhele āpau, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kānāwai - ke kala nei, ka ihu a me ka huelo, ka nui. ʻO ka kānalua ʻole, nā ʻano ʻano ʻano iʻa a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe.
Mea ʻai
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻai ʻia ka stingrays i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka hohonu. Hiki iā ia ke iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻahuʻula, nā palake, nā ʻōpala. Mālama ʻo Stingrays i ka ʻiʻo lau o ka iʻa a me nā holoholona, ʻoiai ʻo lākou ka mea maʻamau i lilo i mea pōʻino i ka pōpilikia.
ʻOiai ka hele ʻana o nā stingrays overgrown koi i loko o ke ano o kakala ʻAʻole makaʻu kekahi i nā iʻa. Ua ʻono lākou i kā lākou ʻai me ka maʻalahi. Kekahi manawa ma ka waha o kahi manō, ʻaʻole hiki ke weluwelu ke ala o ke kaʻa. I kēia hihia, ua weluwelu ʻo ia i ka make.
Kāhāhā
Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana stingrays. ʻOiai lākou ʻai momona a me nā leʻaleʻa , ʻaʻole kūpono i nā kumu ʻē aʻe, a hoʻohana wale ʻia i ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā māka iʻa ika ʻĀina e hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nui o ka stingrays, akā ma ke Kai Kūleʻa ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike iā lākou. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻili a me nā lau ʻili. Eia naʻe, nui ka poina e pili ana i nā palai liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, kahi i kaulana no kāna mau waiwai.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā alanui
He mea maʻamau no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maka ʻūlū ʻia ka ʻōpū , me ka hele o nā kaulina pectoral nui e hoʻopili ʻia i ke poʻo. He palupalu ka caudal fin, me nā lobes he hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻole. Loaʻa ka ʻili o loko i ka cartilage.
Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka lalo i nā pūlū a me nā ʻāpana kū ʻelima lima.Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka ʻili o luna ke kala i ka waihoʻoluʻu a ʻeleʻele paha, ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona, e kōkua ana iā lākou e hoʻōho iā lākou iho a hele me ka ʻike ʻole.
ʻEthlelo i ke ʻano o nā pīpī paha i hoʻomou ai, e paʻa paʻa ai, e hana ana i kahi grater. Na maka aia ma ke kua, ma kahi o ka lihilihi iho. Ua uhi ʻia ka wai ma ke kōpana me nā unahi placoid, aia kahi lua me ka hoʻopili pili, kahi e moe ai nā kīʻaha koko a me nā ʻōpū.
Loaʻa nā Stingrays i kahiʻike maikaʻi, hoʻokipa a me ka pale, sideline . ^ E Ha yM. Mahalo i electroreception, ua hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā impulses uila mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe (ke hōʻemi o ka naʻau a me nā ʻōpū hanu). ʻAʻohe o ka ʻauʻau hele.
ʻŌnaehana huhū hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Mai ka manawa mau ka keaka ma lalo, a me ka pōkole i ka wai o lalo, ua komo pū ka ʻōpū i nā ʻōpū hanu i ka wā o ka hanu me ka wai, e pale aku ai i kēia, ke ʻano o ka pūnaʻi o ka papa kiaʻi i ko lākou wahi kokoke i ke ola.
E komo ka hau ma nā kahawai e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. Ua hoʻolako lākou me kahi valve kūikawā e pale i ka komo ʻana o nā kino o nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻOiai inā paha nā malfunctions valve, hiki i ka iʻa ke pani i kahi mea ʻē aʻe ma ke hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kahe wai.
Nā Koloa
- alakaʻi i kahi ulu ulu kino, i kanu pinepine ʻia ma ka pā lole. Ma ka wahi o nā fectoral fins kahi hui e hoʻōla ana i kēia manawa. Hiki i ka mana o ke keʻena uila ke hōʻeha i kahi kanaka, akā ʻo ka hihi o lākou iho ʻaʻole i kūʻē i ka poʻe, hoʻohana lākou i kēia manawa he mea pale.
- ʻAʻole hana like nā ʻehā pectoral e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe; ua hoʻohana lākou i ka moni caudal no ka neʻe. Pale ka ʻaoʻao poʻo, pālahalaha, me nā niho koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao, kōkua lākou i ka ʻimi a ʻimi nei no ka waiwai i ke one. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau a noho i loko o ka wai wai.
- loaʻa i ke kino rhomboid, pākuʻu ʻia, me nā kūpeʻe ma ka wahi o ka pelikika pelvic, kokoke i ka ʻūhiʻu ke koena o nā lip gill. Hoʻomoe nui ma ka hānau ʻana mai. Loaʻa nā stingrits o Guitar i nā mauʻu spinal. ʻO kahi hui kaulana e noho kokoke ana i ke kahakai o ʻEulopa he makana moana.
- hiki i ka iʻa nui ke neʻe me ka kōkua o nā pua pectoral, ka mea e hoʻopau ai ma ka pae maka, no laila e ʻike maopopo ʻia ai ka māhele o ke poʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hale hōʻike ʻo Orlyakov i kahi ʻohana nui o Stingray, ka ʻawale ʻana i ka hale kaʻawale. ʻO kēia mau iʻa i ka huelo he protrusion iwi - he spine i mea e pono ai no ka pale a me ka hopu, loaʻa nō hoʻi ka mea ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka poʻe ma ke kahakai, ʻaʻole ʻike i ka stingray i ke one, hiki ke alo i ka Stingray a pā. ʻO nā mea laʻala e komo ai i ka hōʻeha e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻopuka, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke pa, paresis
ʻO ka hana hou o nā stingrays
ʻO nā iʻa kūlou lahi ma ʻelua ala: hiki i kekahi ke ola hānau, ʻo kekahi e lelo i nā hua e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka capsule.
Hānau ʻia nā wahine ʻōpio i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, a hiki i ka 14 mau cubs ka hānau ʻana i nā kahe kaulike, a hiki i ka wahine lawehala wahine ke hānai wale i hoʻokahi keiki (ʻo ke kaumaha o kahi stingray hānau hou he 10 kg). Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou pūpū me nā huaʻala kūikawā (trofotenia), nā mea e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka pēpē.
Loaʻa ka ola olakino o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ko lākou nui, ʻoi ka nui o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola ola ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi e noho ai ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ola nui a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
Ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike
ʻO ka helehelena ākea ākea e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka iʻa. Aia nō lākou ma lalo nei no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hālāwai me lākou i ka wai kai, no laila ko lākou pā momona. Neʻe lākou me ke kōkua o nā palala o ka ʻaoʻao, hoʻopalike ke kahalaha iā lākou e like me nā ʻēheu, ʻoiai no ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana ʻele i ka peʻa ʻeke.
Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā kūlana o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ma kahi o 2 ° C), a ākea loa (a hiki i 30 ° C).ʻO ka Stingrays kekahi iʻa iʻa, ʻo nā mea ʻai nui ka mollusks, crayfish, salmon, sardines, kekahi mau mea ʻai manu i ka plankton. Ma ke kaʻina hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai, kaomi lākou i ka mea pio ma ka lalo lalo a hopu i ka iʻa me ka waha e kū ana ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Ke kali nei kekahi mau stingrays e hiki ke hoʻopuʻi i kēia manawa uila, e hūnā ana ma lalo, e kali ana i kā lākou waiwai. A kokoke e pili ana nā octopuses a i ʻole nā mea lawaiʻa, hoʻokau ʻo lākou iā lākou me ka hoʻoiho, a laila e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻai. He lāʻau kūikawā ka stingray - he poʻo huelo ʻo ia me nā kīpē he nui ma luna o ka honua e hāmama i nā mea hōʻeha.
ʻO ka pono o nā stingrays i ke ola kanaka
- Hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā lako hana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai,
- nā stingrays - kahi huahana momona koʻikoʻi, he meaʻai maikaʻi loa i ka papaʻaina hale ʻai, nui ma ka hikina. ʻAi nā Korea i ka ʻai maka
- pakele i ka pio ana, pela lakou e malamaia ai e like me ka iakui akuia,
- ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kikoʻī, he ʻāpana pono i ka ʻenekona no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai o ke kai, i ka wā mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana lākou i lilo ai i meaʻai,
- kūpaʻa ka ʻili stingray me kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī, no laila e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pēpē pihi, pale.
ʻO Stingrays kahi mea nunui o ka iʻa cartilaginous plate-gill, kahi o nā kauoha 5 a me nā ʻohana 15. No nā stingrays, nā fectoral a me nā kino ākea e kālai ʻia me ke poʻo. ʻO ka hapa nui ka stingrays e noho i ke kai. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka kala o ka ʻāpana o luna o ko lākou mau wahi i kahi e kū pono ai nā stingrays. Hiki i ka hope keʻeleʻele a ʻoluʻolu paha.
Hōʻailona ka nui o nā skate mai kekahi mau kenimika a mau mau mika, nā ʻēheu o kekahi mau pihi iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mika (no ka laʻana, he mau skate mai ka ʻohana brackish). Hāʻawi ʻia nā lūlū uila me kahi "mea kaua." Hoʻopā kēia mau pālule i kā lākou mea make me ke kōkua o nā hoʻoiho uila.
Hiki i nā Stingrays ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka honua. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa a kū i ke kahakai o Antarctica a me ke Kaiwai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e nānā i ka "lele" lele i kahakai o Australia.
Hoʻokele nā Stingrays i nā manō. Eia kekahi, kahiʻoi o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea like o waho. I ka ʻōlelo o ka hoʻopili ʻana i loko, ʻaʻole i kū ka ʻōiwi o nā iwi, akā, ʻo ka cartilage. I ka wā kahiko, ua like nā stingrays me nā ʻaka ʻaʻole wale ma kā lākou kikowaena kūloko, akā i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona waho. Akā, ua hoʻololi ka manawa iā lākou ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻanā he mau iʻa kahiko. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia - kekahi o nā iʻa kahiko, e like me nā pika.
Loaʻa i nā Stingrays kahi ʻōnaehana hanohano. No ke aha lā ka mea ʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ua hanu nā wahi a pau me nā mea hōʻiliʻili. Akā, inā hoʻāʻo ka pā e hana i ka hana like, a laila, e huki me ka lewa, e huki i loko o ke one e moe ana ma lalo. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hanu o nā stingrays ʻē aʻe i ka hanu o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. E komo ka lewa ma ka pahu kuʻuna ma o nā kahawai kūikawā. Aia ka hope ma hope o kēia iʻa. Mālama ʻia nā ʻīwīwī e kekahi pū a kūikawā, akā inā i ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea kū'ē i loko o nā ʻāpana nāu, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kuʻi mai ia mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai i kahi kahawai wai mai ka mea pīpī.
ʻO nā Stingrays kahi ʻano papa i kulu ʻia. Hiki ke huki ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana i ka wai. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kekahi no kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka huelo i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai, e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. Ke neʻe nei ʻo Stingrays ma muli o ke neʻe o nā fins, ʻoiai e like me nā pōpō panu.
ʻOkoʻa kekahi ʻōpiopio ʻana. ʻO ka mua, i ka nui. Kahi ʻia ka ʻike no ka stingrays e kūlike wale ana i hoʻokahi mau kenimita a me nā stingrays, nona ka nui o 7 mau mika. ʻO ka lua, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano pali like ʻole. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo kekahi mau stingrays, no ka laʻana, ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka wai o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa e makemake e hoʻolilo manawa i kanu ʻia i loko o ke one.
ʻO ke daimonio o ke kai he haohi kupaianaha. Paipai ʻo ia i nā mea holoʻa e hoʻokūkū i nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa.ʻOiaʻiʻo kāu makemake! Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi kiʻi i ka wā i lele koke ʻole ai kahi mea i ʻehiku mau mika mai ka wai kai no kekahi mau sekona (a ʻo kēia mea kekahi mea he leʻaleʻa kai leʻa paha, a i kapa ʻia hoʻi, manta ray), nona ke kaumaha ma mua o ʻelua mau tonona. a laila hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pono i nā luʻi. Eia kekahi, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o kekahi manawa, piʻi hou kēia ʻano nunui i ka hohonu o ke kai, e hōʻike ana i nā poʻe lawaiʻa i kahi ʻele ʻeleʻele i kahi hiapo.
He mea palekana ka diabolo kai. ʻOiai ka ʻenehana nui loa o nā rula, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia pehu me kekahi mana uila, ʻaʻohe kaʻū a me nā niho creepy. A ʻo ka huelo elongated, i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e nā kālena, ʻaʻole he mea koa ʻole. He ʻano maikaʻi ke ʻano o ke daimonio o ke kai, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopā i nā poʻe. Loaʻa nā daimonio o ke kai ma nā kai āpau. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka ʻōpū o ka wai, a me kona mānoanoa, a ma ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ma luna o ka wai. Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kumu o ka "huki" i ka daimonio o ka wai i waho o ka wai.
Ua ʻono maikaʻi ka diabolo kai. 'Saylelo lākou ua ʻaʻa wale kāna ʻiʻo, akā maikaʻi pū kekahi. Ma nā puke kahiko hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i ka wehewehe o nā ʻoniʻoni ʻana me ka diabolo kai. ʻO kaʻai wale wale no kēia stingray kahi lōʻihi loa mai ka palekana a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ma muli o kona nui, hiki i ka diabolo ke kai maʻalahi, no ka laʻana, hoʻohuli i ka moku. A no ke aha e pepehi ai i kēia mea hana like ʻole o ka hana, ka mea nui i ka wā e noʻonoʻo pono ai i ka wahine e lawe wale i hoʻokahi cub. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mahalo nui ka nui o nā mea hope, akā naʻe, ʻo ke kaupaona, ma ka awelika ma ka hānau ʻana he ʻano ʻumi ʻeke.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana he lawaiʻa hoʻohālikelike i ka lawaiʻa uila. I ka ʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka laʻa ke diabolo. ʻO ka mea ʻoi nā selela o kahi pā uila (i kapa ʻia kēia mau mea a he ʻōpala paha) ke hiki ke loaʻa i ka uila a hiki i ka 220V (ʻo ia hoʻi, hele mai ka inoa o kēia alahele). A ua ʻike nui ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano uila o kēia mau moku. He mea kūpono ia he hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā lehua āpau ke hiki i ka uila, akā ʻaʻole i like me ka loea uila. Ua ʻike ʻia no ke ʻano kai uila. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kona mau helehelena e like me kēia: e pili ana i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka loa a hoʻokahi mika ka laulā Ua kaupaona ʻia mai ka iwakāluakūmālima a he kanakolu pākama. Ua uhi ʻia nā kino o luna me nā keʻokeʻo a me nā brown, i pili i ka mea hiki ke ʻokoʻa.
Hānau ʻia ka wahine stingray i nā cubs ola. ʻEwalu a hiki i ke ʻumikumamāhā mau mania a hiki i ka wā hānau. Ua lilo ia inā inā i liʻiliʻi nā cubs i kekahi mea pōpilikia, a laila e lawe ka wahine iā ia i kona waha. Aia nā pahu i laila a nilo nā pōʻino. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hōʻoia kēia mau ʻikepili.
He maulehele nā wahi paʻa uila. He ʻano lohi loa lākou. Eia nō naʻe kekahi mana o ka pali maʻa, ʻo ia ka mea hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hana i kekahi iʻa i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana me ka paʻi. Mahalo i kēia hiki, hiki ʻole i ka lele ke holo koke - hele puʻe i ke one, ke kali wale nei no ka waiwai pio. ʻO ka lawaiʻa iʻa ma kahi o nā wahi uila e neʻe mau nei ke hiamoe a lethargic. I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka stull, he make paha ka iʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā lawaiʻa e pili ana i kēia hiki ke loaʻa o ka rula, ka mana o ka mea ma o ka pūnaewele hiki i ka lima a hana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pūnaewele. Hiki i ka ʻōhumu o kahi stingray ola ke komo i loko o ke kanaka inā hoʻopā ʻo ia me kahi lāʻau. Loaʻa loa ka pā luku.
Hoʻopukū wale ʻia ka ʻūhā makeʻe i make i nā haʻalulu uila. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā pīhoihoi ma lalo o ka wai. Inā hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka lapalapa, he mea maʻalahi ia e hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻihoʻi i nā hāhaʻi uila i kekahi mau manawa. Me ke kōkua o kahi mea uila uila, pale ʻia nā kīpoki i nā ʻenemi a hōʻili i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka mea kaua o nā stingrays kona huelo. ʻO kēia māka wale nō e kiʻi i kāna mohai. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻihoʻi ka pale i ka huila.Hū ʻia ka ʻeha o ka mea i make i ka mea e pili ʻia ana ka huelo o ke alanui me nā kakalaioa. ʻAʻole i lele iki ʻia ka māla a me ka mea e like me ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana iho. A ʻo ka ʻaina o ka meaʻai o ka stingrays, ʻo ka ʻaluna a me nā mōʻī wili, ʻaʻole i weluwelu ʻia e nā stingrays me nā niho, akā me ka platina kūikawā a me nā ledge.
ʻO Stingray (kaʻe kai) kahi kamaʻāina o ke kai. ʻO kona kino ke ʻano he rhombus me kahi huelo ʻoki ma ka hope. Ma ke kānāwai, kokoke i nā ʻano o kēia mau iʻa i nā spines a me nā pupu ma ko lākou kua.
Mai ka wā nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano puʻupuʻu weliweli a me nā ʻano moʻolelo, i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā moʻolelo kūlike i hoʻopuni ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻalopū moana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻano weliweli ko lākou helehelena a makaʻu pū ʻana. Eia kekahi, aneane nā ʻāpana āpau e noho ana i ka hohonu o ke kai i nā mea make a me ka weliweli i nā kānaka.