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E hoʻokūkū kēia ʻatikala i ka ermine - he mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka dexterous. ʻIke pinepine kēia holoholona ma ka ʻākau o Rūsia a me nā taiga Siberian. ʻIke ʻole ʻia ʻo Ermine i ka nahele nahele coniferous dormous, a me nā wahi ākea. ʻO kēia holoholona ʻoi loa e noho i kēlā me kēia kahawai, kokoke i ka loko kūlohelohe, nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahe.

No ka ermine ka 'ohana o nā mustelids a he' au like 'ia a me ke kino like. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona makua he 20 a 40 cm. ʻO ke lōʻihi o ka huelo he 3 mau manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. He ʻano hōʻano ʻano maikaʻi kēia ʻano holoholona - ʻo nā wahine ʻoi aku 2 mau manawa ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke kaumaha kino mai 100 a 370 g.

ʻO ka hulu manu i waena o nā ʻili o nā holoholona hulu manuahi i ka nani a me nā ʻano aesthetic kekahi o nā wahi mua. Loaʻa ka huluhulu Ermine i nā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo ʻo ia i mānoanoa, siliki a palupalu. A ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ke kala o ka hulu ma ka hoʻoilo ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole pono e ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo nā ʻaihue i hana ʻia me nā ʻōpū o nā ermine i ka Middle Ages ke hiki i nā aliʻi a me nā kahu aliʻi ke ʻike!

Ma ke ala, e waiho mau ka ʻeleʻele o ka huʻu o ka huelo o ka holoholona. Ke kokoke loa i ke kauwela, e hoʻololi ka ermine i kona kaho keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me kahi kala kukui ʻulaʻula ma luna o ka ʻōpū.

E like me kahi marten, alakaʻi ka ermine i kahi ʻano hoʻokaʻawale. Ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kona ʻāina, kahi e kiaʻi ikaika ai ia. Hoʻomaopopo ka holoholona i kā lākou wahi me ka ʻōlelo huna o nā gona i kokoke kokoke i ke anus, nui ka ʻono.

ʻO ka mea nui ka ʻai o ka ermine, he mau rodents liʻiliʻi - nā kiʻi, nā kiʻi wai, nā lemmings, nā shrew, nā chipmunks, a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia e hiki ai i kēia poʻe lawehala ke hopu i nā hares.

I kekahi manawa ua luku nā holoholona i ka nest o nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai lākou e ʻike pehea e piʻi maikaʻi ai i nā kumulāʻau, ʻai ʻai i nā hua manu, akā hiki pū nō hoʻi ke hoʻouka ʻia i ka pāʻani nui - keʻa ʻeleʻele, capercaillie, partridge, etc.

Holo ka ʻūlū ʻana i ka lā nui a huli hoʻi i ka wanaʻao a kakahiaka. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i kahi mea predator ke komo i loko o nā ʻuā o nā rodents a luku i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ʻo 2 ka manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o iā ia ke komo i ka lua, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine. E holo maikaʻi nā Ermines, no laila ke hele ʻia nā iʻa i nā manawa i ko lākou ʻai.

ʻO ka mākaukau o kēlā me kēia lā o kēia mau holoholona ʻo 5 mau mice mahinaʻai. I ka pō, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ua hele ka ermine ma luna o 3 km. (i kahi manawa hou aku ma mua o 15 km). Ma mua o ka haʻalele no ka lā, hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna mau aleloʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, koho ʻo ia i kahi e hiamoe ai i ka lā e loaʻa ai iā ia - ma lalo o kahi kumulāʻau i hāʻule, i loko o kahi puʻu niho, honu ... ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka hopu nui i ka nui o ka palaki a hoʻomau a kū a hiki i ka mahana ʻana.

ʻO kēia mau holoholona he mau maka maikaʻi, hoʻolohe a me ke ʻano, no laila e hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mau naʻau āpau i kaʻai ʻana.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo ʻo ermines e kokoke loa i ka noho kanaka. Hele pinepine lākou i nā lānake moa, kahi a lākou i hao ai i nā manu a ʻaihue i nā hua. No kahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā huna huna i waho o ke kula.

Hoʻomaka ka heihei i nā holoholona i ka hoʻoilo a kū i ke kauwela. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, ʻimi ʻo ka wahine i kahi pūnana kahi āna e hānau ai. ʻO ka pinepine loa, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā ʻōpala o nā rodents i hānai ʻia. Nui nā ʻōlapa ʻana i ka lua, ʻo kekahi o kāna mea nona, a ʻo ka mea he lua. Wahine wahine e hoʻomoe ana i ke keʻena hānai me nā ʻili o nā holoholona make. Ke hoʻoholo nei, hānau nā wahine ermines i nā pēpē ma hope o 9-10 mahina. Ma loko o kahi līlani he 5 a 15 cubs. Ke ulu mālie nei lākou. No ka hānau ʻana he makapō, hana ʻole me ka lauoho ʻole, pono lākou i ka mahana, ka mālama ʻana o ka makuahine. ʻO ka malama mua he hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ia i haʻalele i nā cubs. Waiho wale lākou i ka lua i ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. Ke hānau nei i ʻApelila-Mei, ma ke waena o ke kauwela, ulu lākou i ka nui o nā pākeke a hoʻomaka e noho kūʻokoʻa.

I nā wahine, hoʻomaka ka wā puberty - i loko o hoʻokahi mahina a i ʻelua mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke pā me nā kāne kāne a hānau mai i nā keiki i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. I nā kāne, ulu ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki aʻe.

ʻO nā ermines ka nui o nā ʻenemi i ka nahele. ʻO nā ʻalopelo Arctic, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻōlule manuahi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pōpoki home hānai iā lākou. Ma nā kōʻai e hiki ke lele ʻia e ka iʻa nui e like me ka pike a me ka laʻa. ʻAʻole kūʻē ke Ferret a me nā ʻōlelo i ka pāʻina i ka ʻiʻo ermine.

ʻO ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i ke kūlohelohe he 2-3 mau makahiki, ma ka lawe ʻia ʻana ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki.

ʻO ke kumu o ka make ermine i ka vivo i ka pinepine e kākau ai - kahi maʻi parasititis e pili ana nā pathogens (nematodes) i nā palupalu palupalu o ka lolo a me nā iwi ʻewala. ʻIke ʻia nā ala o ka ermine maʻi me ka rivalies karnivorous. I nā wahi e hoʻolaha ʻia ai ke ahulau, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea lawe i kēia maʻi.

Kāleka

I mea e maopopo ai ka mea like me ka mea e pili ana i ka ermine, e noʻonoʻo ʻoe i kahi holoholona o ka liʻiliʻi, he mea i like ka ulu ʻana o ke aloha, akā i ka manawa like ʻoi ka nui. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka ermine he ʻoki ʻoki a elongated, he ʻāʻī lōʻihi, a he puʻu hoʻi kekahi, he ʻāpana like ʻole ia. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona ʻo 36 cm ka paona, ʻaʻole ke kau i kahi o 360 g.

I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana. ʻO ke kauwela, he brownish-ʻula hoʻi ka kua o ka mea kuhi i ke kala, a me ka umauma, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻūhī o nā wāwae i ka melemele-keʻokeʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, ua pā ka "ermine" i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o nā hulu maloʻo.

ʻO ka mea kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka palena o kona huʻu e maloʻo ʻeleʻele a puni ka makahiki. Ke kumu ʻo kēia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka holoholona mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā ʻohana marten.

Hoʻaiho

Ua lilo nā mea maʻamau no nā ermines i wahi e like me ka hapa o Asia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka honua ka mea i ʻike ʻia ai kēia holoholona, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā Alps a hiki i Scandinavia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻĀina, e noho ana ma Mongolia, Iapana, Kina, ka Himalaya.

Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua loaʻa ka holoholona i kona home ma Greenland a kokoke i ka Arctic Ocean. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea predator ma New Zealand. Hana ʻia kēia e kāohi ai i ka nui o nā lālani.

ʻLio a me nā ʻano

Mālama ʻia ke ala o ke ʻano o ka ermine, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ke koho ʻana i kahi noho, ʻaʻole ia e loli. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, nā holoholona i noho kokoke i nā kahawai, nā muliwai, nā loko. E hoʻopiha lākou i ko lākou mau home i kekahi mau lāʻau ulu a ʻohe paha.

Ma kahi o kēia mau loina, ua hoʻoholo ka holoholona i kona nohona e pili ana i ka nui o ka meaʻai ma kahi kokoke.

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Ermines i kā lākou ʻāina me ke kōkua o nā mea huna mai nā puʻu kūikawā. Hāʻawi lākou i ke ʻano wai like i ka wā o ke pale a i ka manawa makaʻu.

ʻAʻole noho ʻo Ermines i ko lākou mau home ponoʻī, akā ma loko o nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi o nā keiki liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai ma mua. I ka wā kai o ka wai a me nā loko, e ʻohi ʻia ka ermine e hoʻololi i kona wahi i noho ai, e neʻe ana i kahi mau kilomita mai kona lua.

I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka ermine ʻaʻole i mamao loa i kahi noho o ke kanaka, no ka mea aia ka nui o nā rodents a pau i kūpono no ka ʻai.

ʻO ke ʻano o nā holoholona i nā hua o ke koho home he haʻahaʻa loa. Hiki iā lākou ke noho aku ma lalo o kahi pānaʻi maʻamau a i ʻole kahi koʻokoʻo kahiko. ʻAʻole kuhi kēia mau mea kikoʻī i nā ʻaina, a hui pū nā wahine me nā kāne wale i ka manawa hoʻohālikelike. Akā, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ka wahine, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana i ka brood, uku hou aku iā ia i kona noho ʻana, e uhi ana me nā lālā maloʻo a i ʻole ʻiliʻili o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.

He mau koko koko ka nui o nā holoholona, a i kekahi manawa pōpilikia nui hiki iā ia ke lele mai i kahi kanaka.

Mea ʻai

I ka ʻōlelo o ka mea hānai, he kai nā nā ermines. ʻAi ʻia lākou i ka hamster, voles sawe, nā māla, a me nā pikes e like me ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā manu a i ʻokiʻoki i nā hua mai ka waiho ʻana, inā e loaʻa, a laila ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau.

ʻO ka kāne a me nā kiʻi kahi i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale kanaka, hiki ke ʻai aku i ka holoholona, no ka mea ke ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia nā mea e pili pono ana i ka noho kanaka.

ʻOiai ka mea no ka liʻiliʻi o ka holoholona, ʻo ia ke kaua nui a hoʻoulu paha iā muskrat. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka holoholona no ka iʻa i ka iʻa.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Huki Hake he pō. I loko o ka lā, hana pinepine lākou a hiamoe loa.

ʻAno hānau

Hana ʻia ka hana hou mai ka lā Malaki a Kepakemapa, akā ʻo ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana.

He mea pono ia e hōʻike ana ma loko o ka hāpai ʻana o ka wā hapai, he mea like ʻole ka ermines, kahi mea lohi nui loa ia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka embryo.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpaiʻana i kahi wahine ma kahi o 9-10 mahina. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ke kū mai nā keiki i ʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā pēpē pēpē mai 4 a 9, hiki i ka nui loa ke hiki ke 18 i hoʻokahi pipi.

ʻO ka wahine wale nō ke mālama i nā hanauna.

ʻIneʻa a me ke kāne

ʻAʻole ʻo Ermine mai nā holoholona makaʻu. E launa iā ia i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe a nānā i kahi kanaka mai laila. Akā e kamaʻilio ana ka ka nele o ka nānā ikaika i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka i ka wikiwiki o ka makemake o ka holoholona, a holo akula ʻo ia.

Lohi loa ka huluhulu ʻo Ermine, a no laila e kāhea ai no ka pono mau a maikaʻi hoʻokūkū i ka poʻe hahai. Ma muli o kēia, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona.

Eia naʻe, eia kekahi mau mea hana ma ke ʻano he mea ninaninau maoli, me ka luku a lākou i nā pōpoki. No kēia kumu, i kekahi mau wahi, ʻānai loa ʻia kēia holoholona hihiu.

ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi

Kuhi ʻia kēia holoholona no kāna mau hiʻohiʻona:

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ermine i New Zealand e pepehi i ka nui o nā pigeti. Ua hoʻohou koke ʻia ka holoholona a hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu koʻikoʻi, ma muli o nā manu e like me ka kiwi e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻeha. Hoʻopau ka poʻe Predator i kā lākou ʻūhā.
Hoʻomaopopo ka mea ʻala i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, akā inā ʻoluʻolu ke hoʻoilo ma nā kihi o ka nohona o nā holoholona, a he liʻiliʻi no ka hau, a laila ʻaʻole e maʻa ka hulu ke keʻokeʻo. Eia nō naʻe, inā i ka manawa like ka mea e lawe ʻia ai ka holoholona i kahi e waiho ai ka mea hau ma ka hau a me ka hau, a laila e loli koke ka hulu o ke kaila a huli i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka manawa hoʻololi e pili ana i nā lā 5-7.
He ʻokoʻa nā holoholona i ka wikiwiki ʻoihana, ʻo ka dexterity a me ka mana kupaianaha no ka nui o lākou, a no laila e ʻimi ai i ka iʻa a i ʻole ka make ʻana i ka nahesa no ka ermine.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻoluʻolu loa no ka ermines ka iole ka wai. Ma ka ʻoi aku i kēia mea kōkua pono i kēia koʻokoʻo no ka mea kau ʻai i ka huaʻai, aia pū kekahi limu ona, kahi e lawe ai ka holoholona iā ia iho ma hope o ka make ʻana i ka kaʻe.
ʻO ka paona o nā kāne i ʻoi aku o ka nui o nā wahine ma 2 a i ʻole 2 mau manawa paha.
Inā paha i ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana i kahi kokoke i kahi kanaka e noho nei, pono e makaʻala kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki wale i ka holoholona ke ke aihue wale, no ka laʻana, nā hua mai ka coop moa moa, akā ʻo nā moa hoʻi kā lākou iho.

ʻAu e noho ai ka ermine a pehea e noho ai?

Noho ʻo Ermine ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Asia. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā wahi a pau, mai nā kahakai o ke Kai Kūʻai a hiki i nā kai hema, mai Baltic a Sakhalin. Noho ʻo Ermine ma ka nahele-steppe, nā awāwa wai, nā pā, tundra a me nā taiga. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia a i Niu Sila nei e kāohi i ka poʻe ʻōpiopio, akā maikaʻi ʻole. Ua hoʻomāhuahua nui ka mea a lilo i mea make, luku ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā hua o nā manu ʻōiwi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā manu kiwi.

Noho ʻo Ermine ma kahi helu nui o nā rodents. A makemake nō hoʻi ka holoholona i ka wai. No laila noho pinepine ka ermine i kahi kokoke i nā wai wai, loko o ke kai, a me nā kahawai wai. I ka ulu ʻole o ka nahele ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i ka holoholona; no ka ola ke makemake nui i ka lihi, nā ʻupena, nā pulu. I kekahi manawa aia ke noho kokoke i kahi kanaka, i loko o nā māla, nā paka, ma ke kaila o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ke alakaʻi ka mea kahiki i ka nohona noho kaʻawale. Aia i kona wahi ona, a paa nā palena i hōʻailona ʻia. ʻO ka nui o kēia pūnaewele ka mea i ka 10 a he 20 mau ʻeka. ʻO ka males he mau pālua ʻelua ma kahi o nā wahine. Noho ka holoholona i kūʻokoʻa a hoʻowalewale wale nō i ka wā moe. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa he mau makuahine me ka ʻōpio. I nā makahiki inā he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka mea ʻai i nā wahi mamao, e waiho nei i kā lākou mau pūnaewele.

ʻO ka ermine ka hana nui ma ka lūlū a me ka pō, i kekahi manawa ke hanana ʻia ʻo ia i ke ao. ʻO ka mea hoʻolaha he mea hopohopo i ke koho ʻana o nā hale. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi iʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia - no ka laʻana, i loko o kahi papaki, kahi koena o nā pōhaku a i ʻole kahi mea kuhi kahiko. Noho lawelawe ʻia i nā kumulāʻau. ʻO pinepine, hana ka ermine i nā ʻuʻuku o nā rodents i pepehi ʻia e ia. ʻAʻole kāwili ʻo Ermine i kāna mau lua ponoʻī. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe ona hale paʻa a hoʻohana i nā wahi i ʻoki ʻia - i lalo o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule, nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau.

ʻO ka ermine he holoholona pāʻani pāʻani a brisk a wikiwiki loa. E holo maikaʻi ka holoholona, holo, a maʻalahi hoʻi ka piʻi i nā lāʻau. Noho pinepine ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau e pilikia a hoʻoweliweli paha e kahi ʻenemi. ʻO ka maʻamau, noho malū a noho maluhia kahi ermine, akā inā ʻoliʻoli, hoʻomakaʻo ia me ka leo nui, pīhoihoi a me nā tweet.

Ka wiwo ʻole ʻo Predatory ermine a i ʻole koko. I loko o kahi kūlana hopohopo, hōʻoweliweli ʻo ia iā ia iho a hiki i kahi kanaka. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūloko o ka ermine ka mea milo, sable, badger, marten, a me nā manu nui o ka mea i make. Noho ʻo Ermine mai 2 a 6 mau makahiki. He ʻenemi hewa hou ka ermine - ʻo ke kanaka kēia.

ʻOiai ka ulu pinepine o ka mea nāna i haki, ua hāʻule ka nui o ka ermine ma muli o ka hopu ʻana ia mea. ʻO ka holoholona ʻuhala ua hoʻopau ʻia e ke kanaka no ka waiwai o ka hulu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻili no ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i ka ʻoihana: luku ʻia ka holoholona i ka moa a me ka famo hua. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka ermine i ka luku ʻana i nā rodents a me kāohi i kā lākou heluna.

He aha nā mea e ka ermine? Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka huki holoholona manu.

ʻO ka holoholona ʻōpala he holoholona ʻona a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. Akā he mea he pālahalaha a hōʻohewa nui kēia. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano kanu ʻaʻai. ʻO ka meaʻai nui ka ʻai eʻai. ʻAi ka ermine i nā ʻiole mahiʻai, nā kihele, nā hamsters, nā shrew, nā chipmunks. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ka mea ʻaihue e ʻai i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe - nā iʻa, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā mea ʻuʻaka, nā pepeke. Pēlā nō hoʻi, ʻo ka mea ʻaihue huna e hōʻino nei i ka nisa o nā manu a ʻai i ka hua.

Holo ka ʻūlū manu ma ka lālani a hulilili i ka pō āpau a kakahiaka. Hiki iā ia ke wiwo ʻole a hopohopo e hōʻeha nei i ka pāʻani nui - ke kākā ʻia ʻeleʻele, capercaillie, ke kīleʻa hazel, partridge. Hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Ermine i nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui - hares a me nā kāwili.

ʻO ka wikiwiki a lohi, holo ka ermine e like me ka laha ma luna o ka ʻōpū, e waiho nei ma waena o nā snags a me nā lau. E holo ʻōloʻi ia e like me ka makani a hiki ʻole ke kuhi kahi hea e kū hou ai ka holoholona nimble mai ka mauʻu. A i ka hoʻoilo, ua lele koke ʻo ia i loko o ka hau ma ka hāʻule ʻole o ka hau.

Ma muli o kona nui ākea, hiki i ka carnivorous ermine ke komo i loko o nā lua rodent. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma ke kāne, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ia ke hana i kēia. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā wahine he mea ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻoi aku he mau loea. A ʻo kēia ala ʻimi manuʻala i kūʻokoʻa no ka wahine.

ʻO ka lālani ʻaʻakai kaiʻai e 5 mau makika i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka pō, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke huakaʻi aku kahi predator mai 3 a 15 km. Ua kuhi pono kēia mau holoholona i kēia mau mea, no laila, ma ka huli a lākou i hoʻohana ai iā lākou āpau: nani ka maikaʻi, hoʻolohe a me ka honi.

Ma ke hau e holo ʻo ia me ka deft lele a lele i ka hapalua mika, ke neʻe nei me ka lepo i nā wāwae ʻelua. Aia ke ʻike ʻia kahi mea pōloli, a hoʻokokoke ʻo ka ermine iā ia ma hope o ka mea, a ma hope o ka pīkī wikiwiki ʻana, e ʻī ana i kona mau niho i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea i haki ʻia a pale iā ia a puni ʻo ia. Inā ʻaʻole make ka mea ʻai, pono e kau hou kekahi mau mea ma ka ʻāʻī. Pēlā, e hoʻoulu ʻia ka ermine mai hope aku, a me ka make ʻana o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ma o ka huʻu i loko o ka aina occipital o ka mea i hana ʻia.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he holoholona maikaʻi ʻo Ermine. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻawale o ka huki hīmeni he ʻano hula a hana ʻia e kekahi holoholona. I loko o ka hulahula, ermines mesmerize a hūnā i kā lākou mea waiwai, e hiki ai iā lākou e hoʻokokoke loa no ka lele. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano haka o kēia mau pranksters i kapa ʻia ka uahi make ermine.

ʻO ka wā eʻai ai ka erling i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, mai Malaki a Iune. Hiki i nā wahine ke lilo i keiki ma 3 mau mahina, a ʻo nā kāne wale nō i nā makahiki 12. Hānau ʻia ka hānauʻana o ka wahine ma kahi o 10 mahina.ʻO kēia ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻo ermine no ka hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa - hoʻolālā ka embryo me ke kali lōʻihi. No laila, ʻo ka ermine cubs ua hānau wale ʻia ma ʻApelila-Mei o ka makahiki aʻe.

Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻopili iā ia iho me kahi pūnana, kahi i loaʻa ma lalo o nā pōhaku a i lalo o kahi kumulāʻau i hāʻule. Hiki i kahi no ka hoʻoulu hei hua i kahi ʻōpala kahiko, poʻi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o kahi rodent. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i kāna lua me ka ʻili a me ka lauoho o ka rodents a make i nā lau maloʻo.

I ka awelika, hānau ʻia he 4-9 cubs, akā hiki i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki i ka 18 mau kanaka. ʻO ka wahine wale nō ke kau nei i nā keiki hou. He ʻili nā ʻili o Ermine. ʻO ka ermines liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka nui o ka 3-4 g, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 3-5 cm. Ua hānau ʻia nā kīnā ʻole ʻo Ermine, ʻaʻohe niho, ʻuli a uhi ʻia i ka lauoho keʻokeʻo. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, ʻeleʻele ka ʻili kuʻekuʻe i nā cubs. Ma hope o 3 mau pule, kū ʻia nā niho. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua wehe ko lākou mau maka, ma hope o nā lā 40 e hoʻomaka ai lākou e lohe.

ʻO ka malama mua, ʻaʻole hiki i ka makuahine ke neʻe i kahi kime, no ka mea makemake lākou i ka mahanahana a me ka mālama. Mālama ka wahine i ka ʻōpio me ka waiū no 3 mau mahina. Kūleʻa ka ʻehā nā palahalaha a paʻakikī loa. Mai ka lua e hōʻike ʻia ai lākou wale nō i ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. I ka wā o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole pinepine ka makuahine i ka lua, ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ka hānai i kāna mau keiki.

Hōʻike wawe ka mobility ermine cubs i ka manawa koke, ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ko lākou mau maka. I ka wā o ka pāʻani, hoʻomohala nā cubs i nā mākau hopu: weliweli a hopu. Inā ʻai nā ʻāpana i nā meaʻai paʻa, hoʻonohonoho ka makuahine i ka lako meaʻai i ka lua. Hiki iā ia keʻalelole, hares a ducklings.

Inā he nui aku nā meaʻai kūpono, a laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe lā ke ʻai wale nō, akā aia pū kekahi mea e hana ai i kāu leʻaleʻa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, makemake nui ka ermines ke pāʻani. ʻAʻole lākou noho mau no ka lua. Inā ʻaʻohe hoa pili i ka pāʻani ma kahi kokoke, ʻo ka hana o ka bea bear e hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia, e hele aku i ka mea ʻai, ka mea a ka makuahine i kīloi i meaʻai.

Ma nā malama ʻekolu o ke ola, hiki i ka poʻe ʻōpio ka nui o nā pākeke. I Iulai, ua ʻimi lākou a loaʻa kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hemo ka lālā a hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia kanaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.

Inā makemake ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala a makemake ʻoe e heluhelu e pili ana i nā holoholona like ʻole, e hōʻoluʻolu i kā mākou pūnaewele hoʻolaha i ka mea e kiʻi mua i nā mea hou a loaʻi.

Kahele

Noho ia ma nā ʻāpana Arctic, subarctic a me ka huhū o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. I ʻEulopa, ua puka mai Scandinavia i ka Pyrenees a me nā Alps, me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana iā Albania, Greece, Bulgaria a me Turkey. Ma Asia, ua hōʻea kona launa i nā wao nahele o Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China a me Japan hope. I ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō ia ma Kanada, i nā mokupuni o ka ʻApelila Arctic o Kanada, ma Greenland a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka USA (koe wale nō nā Plains Nui). Ma ka palena o Lūkia ka mea maʻamau ma ka ʻākau ʻEulopa a me Siberia.

Mea waiwai no ke kanaka

ʻO ka ermine he mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau, akā ua hāʻule maoli kāna helu i ka hiʻona no ka hopu ʻana, ka hakakā ʻana o nā waiwai forage, ka luku ʻana i ka nohona, a pēlā aku.

ʻO Ermine kahi mea iʻa lawaiʻa (hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu i ka hoʻohanohano). Hoʻohana i ka pepehi ʻana i nā kiʻi-like mouse. I lawe ʻole ʻia ʻo ia i Hawaiʻi nei e kāohi i ka poʻe nui o nā pīpī; ma laila i hoʻomāhuahua ai a lilo i mea pōʻino e hōʻoki ai i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio a me nā hua o nā manu ʻōiwi, i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO Ermine i ka Symbolism a me Heraldry

ʻO ka ermine kekahi hōʻailona o ka personified Touch (kekahi o nā ʻelima mau ʻelima).

'O ka mea maikaʻi kahi mea nui (impesa ) ʻO Anne o Breton a me kāna kaikamahine ʻo Claude o Farani - ka wahine a Francis I (-), no ka mea, hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi o kahi ermine i loko o nā hale aliʻi o Farani, no ka laʻana, ma Blois. Kuhi ʻia nā pale me nā ermines i hoʻākāka ʻia i ke kapa o nā kaila a me nā hae o Brittany, e kahe aku ana iā ia me ka hae o ka Dukes o Brittany. Aia kahi moʻolelo kahi o nā aliʻi o Brittany Alain ʻUmi ʻauhau (Alain Barbetorte), alualu ia e nā Normans, ua paʻa ʻia e ka muliwai puʻu, māpala a me ka ʻōpū. I kēia manawa, ʻike ke duke i kahi erra e holo ana mai nā lio ʻikepili a ua pani ʻia hoʻi ma kahi kahawai. Ma kahi kokoke i ka wai, huli aʻai ka ermine, ʻoi aku i ka make o ka lepo. No ka mahalo ʻana i ka wiwo ʻole o kēia holoholona, kāhea ʻo Alain II i kāna mau hoaaloha: "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka make ma mua o ka hilahila.", A ua huli ka Bretons i hoʻohuli ʻia i ka ʻenemi.

Kanaka phabetlelo
Nānā i nā pōpilikia
Cunyi
Nā Mamona o Eurasia
Nā ʻamala o ka ʻākau ʻĀmelika
Nā holoholona i wehewehe ʻia i 1758

Pūnaewele Wikimedia. 2010.

E nānā i nā mea ermine ma nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe:

URBAN - Ermine, serf i Ruchevsky Pog. 1495. Kākau. II, 383. Vasily Ermine, ke kakauolelo a ka Moi o Lithuania. 1507. Arch. ʻAkahi ʻO wau, 7. Ermine, boyar ma Lithuania. 1520. Arch. ʻAkahi VII, I. Ermine, kakauolelo ma Krakow. 1525. Yu. Z. A. I, 68. Ermine, serf in ... ... Biographicical Dictionary

ʻArikine - Mustela erminea ʻike pū kekahi 3.4.3. Genus Ferrets Mustela Ermine Mustela erminea (ʻo kekahi mau holoholona Caucasian ʻaʻole i keʻokeʻo no ka hoʻoilo). ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma ke kaomi a me ka solongoy i nā kau a pau ma ke ʻano ʻeleʻele o ka huelo. Hoʻopau ʻia ke alanui, aneane ... ... Nā holoholona o Lūkia. Puke kope

Kānaka ʻAmelika kahiko. ʻO kona kūpuna, ʻo Ermine Romanovich i ka makahiki 1487 93 ke kiaʻāina o Ovruchsky. ʻO kāna mau keiki kāne, ua make ʻo Ivan (make i ka makahiki 1558) ʻo ia ke kiaʻāina o Novogrudok a he subcarbon o ka Grand Duke o Lituania, a ʻo Onykos ka Royal Marshal (1555) ... Biographical Dictionary

- (Mustela erminea), he moʻumi o ka weael a me ka ʻohana ferret. martyrs. No ka kino 17 32 cm, ʻehā 6.5 12 cm. I ke kauwela, he brownish ka ulaula, i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo kēia keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele mau ke poʻo o ka huelo. Noho ia ma Eurasia a me Kauka. ʻAmelika, ʻo USSR i aneane e pili ana i ka ʻāina āpau ... ... ʻ dictionarylelo moʻokalaleo Biological

ʻO ka holoholona, bulu hūnā o nā hua like Russian. ermine n., number of synonyms: 2 holoholona (10) fur (4 ... Dictionary o like synonyms

Mamalia ʻohana Mammal. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 32 cm, ʻehā a hiki i 10 cm. Ma Eurasia a me ʻĀkau. ʻAmelika. Hoʻopau i nā koʻokoʻo. Kuhi o nā kālepa hulu ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

URBAN, ermine, male. ʻO kahi holoholona hānai manu liʻiliʻi o ka genus ferrets, keʻokeʻo, me kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka huelo. || || Waiwai nui ka hulu o kēia holoholona. ʻO ka'ōlelo wehewehe Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ka wehewehe wehewehe o Ushakov

URBAN, ʻo wau, ke kāne. ʻO kahi holoholona hihiu liʻiliʻi o kēia. mustlike me ke keʻokeʻo (i ka hoʻoilo) waiwai momona a me kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka huelo, a me kona hulu. | pili. ermine, ow, ow. Ermine mantle (aliʻi). ʻOhele ʻōlelo wehewehe ʻo Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. ... ... ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōlelo a Ozhegov

ʻAʻohe o ka hulu ʻo Ermine ka pale a me ka ikaika, aʻo ka ermine aia i ke poʻo o ka pua hierarchical i loko o ke ao o nā furs. Piha ʻiʻo mau ʻo ia i kona ʻumi a me ke kahakai. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike mau ka ermine ma kahi o kahi mea hana - ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohanohano ʻia me nā mea maʻamau. ʻO ka pīhoihoi hōʻeuʻeu o ka hulu ermine i hana i ka holoholona i hōʻailona o kekahi o nā ʻelima ʻelima - paʻi.

He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka lole maʻamau. A inā e kāhili ʻia ka hulu wulu mai kona hulu ma ke kūlanakauhale nui, a laila ʻaʻole ia e "lōʻihi" i hoʻokahi manawa aku. ʻO ka pale ʻana o ka hulu ermine i like like me ke ʻano o ka squirrel a i ʻole kahi hare. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kekahi o nā honu nui e hiki i ke alo i ka ermine i ka keʻokeʻo a me ka palupalu. ʻO ka mea ʻike, hiki i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona iā ia ke noho ma kahi kūikawā i waena o nā manu hānai. A ʻo kēia wahi, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo hōʻailona hōʻailona ma mua o ka utilitarian. He mea kūpono ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻana o nā huahana mai kēia hulu ka mea palupalu ma ka lihi poʻomanaʻo a ʻaʻohe insulated me ka ʻūlū ʻana a i ʻole hoʻoheʻeo winterizer, no laila, ʻoiai ka nani, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuʻi i loko o kahi huluhulu hulu ma ka hau hau.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me ka haʻaheo, mai ka wā kahiko i hoʻolilo i kēia holoholona i hōʻailona hoʻohanohano no ka poʻe o kahi ʻohana hanohano. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kāna kiʻi i loko o nā lima o nā ʻohana hanohano me ke kumu ʻōlelo e like me ke ʻano: "E ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka make ma mua o ka tarnished." Pēlā kani leo ia a ma ka ʻuhane o ke ʻano kahiko a me nā moʻomeheu. Ke kāʻei nei i ka ʻaila me nā lole a i ʻole nā pāpale o nā aliʻi, nā luna kānāwai a me nā haku i hōʻailona i ka maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka hulu Ermine i nā lole ke hōʻailona o ka hanohano aliʻi, kahi moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana. I kekahi manawa manawa la nā wahine puʻupaʻa Kristiano no ka waiwai hanohano, no ka laʻana, ʻo St. Ursula, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā lole i hana ʻia e ka ermine.

- he holoholona manu hulu o ka ʻohana marten.

He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ermine o kahi ʻano cunny maʻamau me kahi kino lōʻihi ma nā wāwae pōkole, ke lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ke poʻo triangular me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o nā manamana lima pelepele maikaʻi ʻole ulu ʻoi aku. Ua liʻiliʻi nā maka a ua ʻoluʻolu, lōʻihi ka meli. ʻO ka erric he 34 mau niho niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā ʻaukā ma lalo o ka pubescent ākea; i ka hoʻoilo hulu, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻo 17-38 cm (ʻo nā wahine paha ma kahi o ka hapalua ia), ʻo ka huelo o ka 35% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 6-12 cm, hilinaʻi ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ka wahi a me ka wahine (90-350 g). ʻOi aku ka poʻe ʻEdoma e noho ana ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ma mua o ka poʻe e noho nei ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ka maʻa mau ke kiʻi 50% ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka ʻūlū pinepine, akā i ke ʻano hauʻoli e hoʻopuka nui ʻo ia, hiki ke hoʻopio, nuku a me ka ʻili.
Mālama ka hiʻohiʻona o ka huluhulu: i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i ke kauwela he lua ia - ke poʻo - ʻo ka piko o ke kino he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻo lalo ka ʻalani-keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ka mole o ke aniani i kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo no nā wahi i waiho ai ka hau ma kahi o 40 mau lā ma ka makahiki. Ka loli kikoʻī o ka hiʻona o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ke kala o ke kauwela kauwela a me ka nui o ka nui e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā 26 subspecies o ermine
ʻO ka maloʻo ka hoʻoilo, ulaula a pili i ke kino. ʻO ka huelo ka lōʻihi (1/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino). Ke hoʻomau nei ka mānoanoa o ke kapa i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, akā wale nō ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā o nā lauoho.
He laulā nui ʻo Ermine ma ka ʻĀkau Hemolele - ma nā ʻĀkau Arctic, subarctic a me ke ʻano huhū o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ʻEulopa, ua puka mai Scandinavia i ka Pyrenees a me nā Alps, me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana iā Albania, Greece, Bulgaria a me Turkey. Ma Asia, ua hōʻea kona launa i nā wao nahele o Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China a me Japan hope. I ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō ia ma Kanada, i nā mokupuni o ka ʻApelila Arctic o Kanada, ma Greenland a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka USA (koe wale nō nā Plains Nui). Ma ka palena o Lūkia ka mea maʻamau ma ka ʻākau ʻEulopa a me Siberia.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ia ma Aotearoa nei e kāohi i ka nui o ka iwi ʻōpiopio.
'O ka' ermine ka nui ma ka hepona, 'taiga a me nā wahi' tundra, a ma nā kuahiwi, i nā Pamir a me Himalaya e piʻi ana a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3.5-4 tausani mau mika. ʻO ko lākou koho i ka noho ʻana e hoʻoholo e ka nui o ka hānai nui - i nā rodents liʻiliʻi. E like me ke kānāwai, makemake nui ka ermine e noho kokoke i ka wai: ma nā kahe a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, kokoke kokoke i nā ka nahele, ma nā wahi o nā kahakai, nā nāho o ka lāʻau a me nā ʻihi. Maʻalahi loa e hele mai i ka hohonu o ka nahele, i nā ululāʻau nā mea kanu kahiko a me nā mālamalama, nā kahe lāʻau (ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi ʻaʻole i mamao loa i nā kauhale a me nā ʻāina ulu), ma nā wao nahele i aloha nui ʻia ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau māla a me nā māla. Kahi maʻamau i loko o nā poli, ma nā wāwae kahi i kāhea ʻia a me nā gullies. Ma nā mauna kuahiwi o Siberia, ua hiki ʻo ia i ka palena o ke kai, e noho ana ma waena o nā wahi paʻa i nā colas o nā pikas, a me nā ʻāpana alpine, kahi e emi ai ka uhi hau. Ma nā wahi ulu, noho pinepine kahi neʻe kokoke i nā wahi noho a i ʻole hoʻi i loko o ko lākou palena - i nā pā holoholona a me nā luku, nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā hale ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole kaʻae haʻahaʻa a me nā hau kiʻekiʻe i ka ola maʻamau o ka ermine. Ua ʻowī ʻo ia i ka wā o ke kahawai wai, a i ka wā hoʻoilo, i ka wā e paʻa ai ka hau a pale i ka holoholona mai ka ʻimi ʻana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
E alakaʻi nui ana i kahi ala hoʻokaʻawale o ke ola, noho paʻa loa, i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoilo, me ka loaʻa o ka ʻai. ʻO nā kai kūloko i nā kahawai kaila ākea ma mua o ke kapakai, e uhi ana i ka ʻāina he 8-30 mau heka, ma nā ʻāina kahawai, piʻi ko lākou nui i ka nui o 50-100 heketa. Ma kēlā me kēia kalana he mau wahi momona ʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻi ai ka holoholona no ka huki ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau lā a "hele ka hele wāwae", kahi i noho ʻole ai he mau lā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka Pūnaehana o nā panalāʻau o kēlā me kēia ʻāina, i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo ke hoʻoilo ʻia ka wā ʻōpiopio, a lilo nā ʻāpana o nā ʻelemakule i mau pānaʻi a me ka poʻe hopu.
Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hānai, nā holoholona pono e hoʻopili palupalu ʻia kekahi wahi, kahi holo nui lākou. ʻO ka loli o ka nohona ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā kahe wai haʻahaʻa: me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kahe, ua hoʻāla ʻia ka ermines i ka mane haʻahaʻa a i ʻole e hele i ka nahele nāhelehele no kahi mamao o kahi mau kilomita. Hoʻolālā pinepine lākou i nā wahi ma nā wahi ma kahi kokoke i ke kai o nā kauhale, kahi e neʻe ai ka nui o nā kiʻi like-mouse. Ma nā kuahiwi, hana nā mea wānana i nā neʻe kūlima hāwila, i ka ʻano maʻamau o nā holoholona mauna.
ʻO ka hale no ka ermine, a me nā marten liʻiliʻi kekahi, ʻo nā ʻāʻihi o nā rodents a lākou e ʻai ai. ʻO ka mea nāna i ʻeli ka lō me ka pilikia nui: ʻo kekahi mau kāne i noho i kahi hale hana, kahi ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono, ʻeli ka lua i ka lepo no ka hebedoma 15 wale nō ka lōʻihi. Aia kahi pua ermine e hoʻopau me kekahi mau recesses, i loko o kekahi o lākou nona ka mea nāna e hoʻonohonoho i nā latrines, aia kekahi mau latrines kokoke i ka pulu. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, noho ka ermine i nā puʻu o ka mauʻu a i ʻole koʻu mauʻu, nā ʻōpala i paʻa nā mea i lalo o ka lāʻau, i lalo o kahi kumulāʻau i lalo a i loko o nā mea peʻa pōhaku, a ma nā hale noho i hoʻonohonoho i nā hale i nā hale i haʻalele ʻia. Kūkā ʻia ka ʻuala manu i nā lau maloʻo a me nā lau, ka huluhulu a me nā ʻōpala o nā ʻili o nā voles a me nā hulu manu manu i ʻai ʻia e ka mea kūʻai pono.
Pau ka hana ʻo ka ermine i ka hola kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi ma ke ʻano he nui loa ka hana o nā voles.
He holoholona weliweli a nui ka ermine. Ua wikiwiki nō kona mau neʻe, akā he fussy. Ma muli o ka puʻuhū o nā wāwae, hiki i ka holoholona ke neʻe kaʻe i ka hau ma ka leʻe a hiki i 50 cm lōʻihi, a ʻo nā wāwae lua e haki ana i ka lepo, akā naʻe, inā i ka hoʻoilo hohonu a uhi mālie ka uhi, makemake ʻo ia e "lawaiʻa" i ia a neʻe i ka hana leʻe. Ma ka hopuʻana, huakaʻi a piʻi i 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā, i ka hoʻoilo - he awelika o 3 km. I ka hoʻoilo, i nā mahana ma lalo -30 °, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka home. I ka hihia o ka hahai ʻana, piʻi koke ʻo ia i loko o nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, i kekahi manawa i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 15 mika. Pue maikaʻi ka ʻōpio i ka manawa o ke kahawai wai hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā wahi wai me ka lōʻihi o kahi lōʻihi. Me ka pale a makaʻu paha, hoʻokuʻu ka holoholona i kahi mea huna honi ʻili o nā kelima mandal, ka wai ʻala like ʻole e kū hoʻokahi, i ka urine, hōʻailona ʻia kahi pākahi.
Pue ka ʻalani a piʻi maikaʻi, akā i ka mea maoli, he mākaukau pae ʻāina hoʻi ia. Ma kāna papaʻai, nui ka poʻe i like me nā kiʻīkiʻi, akā like ʻole i kona hoahānau, kahi ʻeke ʻai i nā ʻuʻina liʻiliʻi, nā ʻai ʻai erery ma luna o nā rodents - he wai wai, kahi hamster, kahi chipmunk, kōleo, lemmings, etc. ʻAʻole ʻae ka dimensi i ka komo ʻana i loko o nā lua o nā keiki rodents. Holo pinepine ʻo nā wahine i nā lua ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻai ermine ka manu a me kā lākou hua, a me ka tme nā iʻa a me nā ʻūlū. ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi (me ka nele o ka ʻai maʻamau), ʻai ka ermine i nā amphibians, nā mea ʻai me nā mea iniketi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia mea (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares a me nā pīpī), i nā makahiki pōloli a ʻai wale nō i ka ʻōpala a ʻaihue mai nā kānaka o nā aʻa a me ka iʻa. Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, kahi lāʻau ermine e hōʻoki ana i ka ʻoi aku i nā rodents a hiki ke ʻai. Kills luku ʻana e like me ka weasel - e ʻaki ana i kahi ʻoki ma ke kua o ke poʻo. Hoʻokele kahi elmine i nā rodents, e nānā ana i ka ʻohu, nā pepeke - ma ke kani, ka iʻa - e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻike.
E pau ana ke ala a ka manu huki me ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ona. ʻO ka pinepine, ma kahi laina pololei i ʻole ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka kilomika, hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ke kālai ʻana i nā ala he 2-3 mau lōʻihi. ʻO nā wahi kahi i maopopo ʻole ʻole kahi hānai, nā mea predator e hele ʻole a lohi i ka hau.Ma kekahi holoholona pololei kekahi e hele nui ʻia i nā wahi ākea - nā māla, nā loko maloʻo a me nā kahe. I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka holoholona, e like me ka gundog, kaʻo i ka "shuttle" ma luna o ka ʻāina mākeke, e paʻa ana i kona huʻu, ke kūlohelohe ʻo kāna ʻeleʻele. Kū ʻo ia i kekahi manawa e kū a kū i luna i ka "kolamu" ma kona mau wāwae hind - hōʻike ʻia. Holo aku i ka hoʻoilo, ma hope o 10-15 kekona e huki hou ana a hoʻomau i ka huki ʻana i nā kaula kuʻuna ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka hoʻoilo.
Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, kahi loiloi predatory e hana i kahi pōloli pōloli e make i ka rodents a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea hiki ke ai, a hiki i ka 8-10 mau kiʻo a me nā pā kīʻai i kēlā lā. Eia nō naʻe, emi ka maka ʻana o kēia ka mea i ka lā a hiki i ka lā hiki, ʻaʻole e hōʻemi ka mea i make, e make wale nō ka mea make i ka mau kiʻī i 2-3 mau lā i kēlā lā, e ʻai nui ai. Hū pinepine ʻo ia i ka mea i ʻai ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻai koke a hiki i nā manawa pōʻino loa a hiki i 20-25 mau voles i kekahi manawa i loko o kāna mau poki.
He wiwo ʻole kēia ʻānela liʻiliʻi, i kahi kūlana hopohopo, pilikia ʻo ia e hoʻolei iā ia iho i ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ermine e komo i nā ʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka hina, martens, ilka, sable, badger ʻAmelika, nā manu o ka make, a me nā manawa a nā ʻuʻā i hopu ʻia. Noho ka poʻe ermines i ka maʻi me ka parasat nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, e noho ana i ka sinusal mua, he mau shrews ʻo kāna mau mea lawe.
Hana ʻia ka polygamen Ermine i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Hana ʻia ka hana male kāne i nā mahina 4 mau mahina, mai ka waena o Pepeluali a hiki i ke kakahiaka o Iune. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine a me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (8-9 mahina) - ʻaʻole ulu nā embryos a hiki i Malaki. I ka huina holo, ʻo ia ka mau o 9-10 mahina, no laila puka mai nā cubs i ʻApelila - Mei i ka makahiki aʻe. ʻO nā bipi keiki i loko o ka litter ka 5-8, akā i kekahi manawa a hiki i 18, ka awelika o 4-9. Hoʻokomo wale kekahi wahine i loko o lākou.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka wahine ermine he makuahine mālama ʻoluʻolu loa. I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā hua, he wā leʻaleʻa i ka nalo, me ka hoʻoluʻolu i kāna keiki bipi me ka wela, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i kahi mahana maʻamau. I ka wā maloʻo maloʻo, kuʻi ka makuahine i ka loko me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana a ʻo ke kino paha o kahi vole make. I nā lā wela, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, lawe ʻo ia i kāna mau puki i waho o kahi pāheu momona a kau iā lākou ma luna o kahi moena o ka mauʻu a me ka lau. Mai ka pūnana nū i ʻike ʻia, lele nā ʻumi i nā pā i ka wahi ʻē aʻe: huli ke keiki kēlā me kēia, inā he hapalua wale nō ka nui o ka makuahine, lele koke i kahi hou no ka ʻūhā a me ka haki, pēpē piʻi wale ka pipi wale i ka paina o ka mau puʻu a me ka driftwood. Inā he mea wili a he kāne paha kahi hele ʻana i ka lua me kahi keiki pua, lele nui ka wahine iā ia, pale iā ia, e pale aku ana i kāna hua.
He pēpē ka nui o nā pēpē o 3-4 a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 32-51 mm, hānau pēmole, ʻaʻohe aʻoki ʻoki ʻia, me nā alima auditory paʻa a uhi ʻia me ka lauoho keʻokeʻo, a hoʻolimalima i nā lā mua e kū pū ana - ka ʻoka ʻo "nā keiki ad refion reflex" puka, e kōkua ana e mālama wela. Ke ulu mālie nā lālā i mua o nā marten liʻiliʻi: wehe wale nā maka i ka wā hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi mahina, a ma ka makahiki he 40 mau lākou e hoʻomaka ai e pane i kahi leo ("chicato") i ka hele mai o kahi hoʻoweliweli. I ka ʻike ʻana aku i ka mālamalama, lilo nā pupu a ulu a kūleʻa, me ka makemake nui ke hoʻāʻo e ʻai i ka ʻai, huʻi pū kekahi me kekahi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka lākou e haʻalele i ka nisa i ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. Mālama ʻo ia i ke ʻano āpau i ka pale ʻana a me ka huki ʻana o nā keiki me kāna mau niho i ka "mane", hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e huki iā ia. I kēia manawa, kū ka waiū hānai. Noho ka ʻohana ma kahi o 3-4 mau mahina, ka wā o ka wā o ka wā o ka ʻōpio a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ala hou ʻana o ka ʻōpio i ka waena o ke kauwela kauwela. Ma nā wahi kahi e ʻimi ikaika nei nā ermines, he liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou e ola a hiki iʻelua mau makahiki heʻumi, ʻoiai he mau holoholona e noho pio ana no nā makahiki 5-6.
Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi ma ke kakahiaka, i 2-3 mau mahina, a ʻo nā kāne wale nō i ka makahiki 11-14 mau mahina. Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio (ʻo 60-70 mau lā) ke hoʻopili nui ʻia e nā kāne ʻōpio - kahi hihia kūʻokoʻa i waena o nā momi i hāpai i ka hoʻopōnaʻi o nā ʻano.
He kākāʻāina maʻamau ʻo Ermine. Akā ma muli o ka hulu waiwai nui, ua hina nui kāna helu. ʻO ka ili keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi huelo ʻeleʻele, i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā kapa hulu, nā pāpale a me nā pulupulu a nā mea hanohano. He pōmaikaʻi nui kēia holoholona holoholona, ka luku ʻana i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi rodents. No laila, i ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ke pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa e huki ana iā Sakhalin e hana me ka nui o nā voles i hoʻolaha ʻia.
ʻAʻole i kuhi koina holo ʻia i Nuʻāina e kāohi i ka poʻe hoʻohana lapalapa; eia ka mea i hoʻomāhuahua ai a lilo i mea pōʻino e hōʻoki ai i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio a me nā hua o nā manu ʻōiwi, i ka lāʻau.

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- kahi mālamalama o ka ʻohana marten. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Ermine ma nā wahi o ka Honu Hemolele - ma nā ʻĀkau Arctic, subarctic a me temperate. Ma Lūkia, noho ka ermine ma ka ʻākau o ka māhele ʻEulopa a i. ʻO ka wahi maʻamau o ka ermine e hoʻopili ʻia i ka nahele-steppe, taiga a me nā ʻāpana tundra o Rūsia. I ka huina, he iwakāluakumamaono mau papa inoa o ka ermine.

He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ermine. He ʻeke a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka holoholona i kahi ʻāʻī kiʻekiʻe, ke poʻo i like me ka tapatahi, a me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nui o ke kino o ke kāne he 17 - 38 cm, a ʻo ka wahine ʻoi aku ʻelua mau manawa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapakolu o ka loa o ke kino ka huelo - e pili ana iā 6 - 12 cm. ʻO ke paona o ka holoholona mai 70 a 260 grama.

Hoʻololi ka kala o ka huluhulu i loko o ka makahiki, e ʻae nā holoholona i ka ʻike ʻole: i ka hoʻoilo ke keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo, i ke kauwela he brownish-ʻulaʻula, a ʻākala-keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā wahi kahi o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma ka liʻiliʻi he 40 mau lā i ka makahiki.

ʻO nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka holoholona ma muli o ka heleʻana i nā meaʻai - nā ʻano liʻiliʻi he hao. Aia ka ermine ma nā wahi i kokoke i kahi wai (nā kahawai, nā kahawai, loko). I nā kākahukilato Siberia he manuʻeke ka holoholona, makemake i ke ʻoki a me ka ʻaoʻao. Ma nā ulu lāʻau ikaika, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka ermine i ka pua spruce a me nā nahele alder. Hana ʻo Ermine e pale i nā wahi ākea. Hiki iā ia ma kahi kokoke i nā hale kanaka (ma ka mahinaʻai, i ka māla, nā māla nahele).

Noho hoʻokahi nā ermines. Hoʻomaopopo ka holoholona i ka palena o kona ʻāina me ka ʻōlelo huna o nā kime anal. ʻO ka ʻāina a ka ʻāina e noho ʻia e ka wailua he 10 a 20 hekahi. Mālama ʻo ka Males ma ʻelua mau wahi he nui iʻoi aku ka ʻāina. Hoʻokahi wale nā kāne wahine a me nā wahine no ka male ʻana. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka nui o ka meaʻai, waiho nā stoats i ko lākou mau pūnaewele, e neʻe aku i nā wahi lōʻihi.

E alakaʻi nui ʻo Ermine i kahi ola nocturnal, akā hiki i ka manawa ke hiki ke loaʻa i ka lā. Hoʻolālā ʻo ka erra i nā nū ma nā wahi he nui: ma kahi heʻe, kahi puʻu, a i nā hale i luku ʻia a i ʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau e kokoke ana i kahi noho o kekahi. I ka wā o ke kaiakaha, hiki i ka ermine ke noho i kahi lāʻau ākea. Penei hoʻi, noho ka holoholona i ka ʻuā o nā rodents e ʻai ai ia. Hoʻohana ka wahine i ka huluhulu a me nā ʻili o kāna mau mea hānai (i kekahi manawa maloʻo maloʻo) no ka moena. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Ermine. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe holoholona o nā holoholona i kahi e hoʻomaha ai. E peʻe ana ka ʻūhā ma lalo o nā aʻa lāʻau, ma nā ʻili o nā pōhaku, ma lalo o nā lāʻau. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻo Ermine i ka wahi like.

Hiki i ka ermine ke aau maikaʻi a piʻi maikaʻi i nā lāʻau. Mālama i nā koina i like me nā kiʻi: voles wai, hamsters, chipmunks, lemmings. ʻAʻole pio ka ermine i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, no ka mea, no kona nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke komo i kā lākou mau lua. Hoʻomaʻo ka mea predator i nā manu a me kā lākou hua, liʻiliʻi i nā iʻa a me nā ʻōpī. Me ka nele o ka ʻai, e ʻai nui ʻia i nā amphibians, nā manula a me nā mea anuanu. Holoi ʻo Ermine i nā manu a me nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ma mua o kona: grouse, grouse, partridge, hares and rabbits. Me ka loaʻa o ka ʻai, nā lāʻau ermine e luku ai i nā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā rodents ma mua o ka mea e hānai ai iā lākou. Kau i kona ʻaihue, kākā ka ermine ma hope o ke kaʻe. Keʻai nei i nā koena, ke hoʻohana nei ka ermine i nā ʻōpū o ka honi, aʻo ka hopu ʻana i nā iniseti - nā kino o ka hoʻolohe ʻana, me ka ʻimi i ka iʻa me ke kōkua o ka ʻike maikaʻi.

Mai ka waena o Pepeluali a i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai - kahi mau kāne ka manawa hana. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o nā wahine wahine i ka wā 9 - 10 mau mahina. No laila, ʻo ka hanauna ʻōpio ke hānau wale ʻia ma ʻApelila - Mei o ka makahiki aʻe. He wahine pinepine ka 4 a 9 mau cub, he mea nāna e hūnā me ke kāne. ʻO nā pēpē wahine hou i kaupaona o ka 3-4 kaila, a ʻo kā lākou lōʻihi o 30-50 mm. I ka wā hānau, ʻaʻohe ʻike nā cubs, ʻaʻohe o lākou niho a ulu ʻia nā kai auditory. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa me ka lauoho keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. I Iune - Iulai hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi ma kā lākou iho.

Aia i 2 - 3 mau mahina, lilo a makeʻe nā wahine, a ʻo nā kāne wale nō ma ka 11 - 14 mahina. I ke kūlohelohe, ola kahi ermine 1-2 mau makahiki, i kekahi mau manawa ua hiki i ka holoholona i ʻehiku mau makahiki o kona mau makahiki. ʻO ka nui o ka ermine e pili pololei ana i ka helu o nā rodents: i ka pau ʻole o ka meaʻai, ke hāʻule ikaika nei ka ulu ʻana o kahi mea predator.

I kēia manawa, hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā ermines ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i ke kanaka, ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona e ʻai ai ka ermine, a me kahi kaila o ka nohona o ka rodent. Loaʻa ka hulu o ka ermine, no laila ua lilo ia i mea kūpono no ka hopu. Keʻimi nei lākou no ka ermine me ke kōkua o nā ʻapo liʻiliʻi a me nā hāmeʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻōkuhi ahi, no laila ʻaʻole e hōʻino i ka ʻili.

Ma Lūkia a Siberia a ʻāpala ʻia ʻo ka ermine i nā mokupuni o ka Moana Arctic. Akā i ke kūkulu hema ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā poʻe ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻākau. Ma Karelia, ka nui o nā kānaka he 0.78 mau māka no ka 10 km. Ma nā māhele hema, e kiʻekiʻe loa ka pili o ka holoholona - 0.99, ma ke kikowaena waena - 0.73, ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau - 0.49 no 10 km.

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- he holoholona manu hulu o ka ʻohana marten.

He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ermine o kahi ʻano cunny maʻamau me kahi kino lōʻihi ma nā wāwae pōkole, ke lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ke poʻo triangular me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o nā manamana lima pelepele maikaʻi ʻole ulu ʻoi aku. Ua liʻiliʻi nā maka a ua ʻoluʻolu, lōʻihi ka meli. ʻO ka erric he 34 mau niho niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā ʻaukā ma lalo o ka pubescent ākea; i ka hoʻoilo hulu, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻo 17-38 cm (ʻo nā wahine paha ma kahi o ka hapalua ia), ʻo ka huelo o ka 35% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 6-12 cm, hilinaʻi ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ka wahi a me ka wahine (90-350 g). ʻOi aku ka poʻe ʻEdoma e noho ana ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ma mua o ka poʻe e noho nei ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ka maʻa mau ke kiʻi 50% ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka ʻūlū pinepine, akā i ke ʻano hauʻoli e hoʻopuka nui ʻo ia, hiki ke hoʻopio, nuku a me ka ʻili.
Mālama ka hiʻohiʻona o ka huluhulu: i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i ke kauwela he lua ia - ke poʻo - ʻo ka piko o ke kino he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻo lalo ka ʻalani-keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ka mole o ke aniani i kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo no nā wahi i waiho ai ka hau ma kahi o 40 mau lā ma ka makahiki. Ka loli kikoʻī o ka hiʻona o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ke kala o ke kauwela kauwela a me ka nui o ka nui e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā 26 subspecies o ermine
ʻO ka maloʻo ka hoʻoilo, ulaula a pili i ke kino. ʻO ka huelo ka lōʻihi (1/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino). Ke hoʻomau nei ka mānoanoa o ke kapa i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, akā wale nō ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā o nā lauoho.
He laulā nui ʻo Ermine ma ka ʻĀkau Hemolele - ma nā ʻĀkau Arctic, subarctic a me ke ʻano huhū o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ʻEulopa, ua puka mai Scandinavia i ka Pyrenees a me nā Alps, me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana iā Albania, Greece, Bulgaria a me Turkey. Ma Asia, ua hōʻea kona launa i nā wao nahele o Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China a me Japan hope. I ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō ia ma Kanada, i nā mokupuni o ka ʻApelila Arctic o Kanada, ma Greenland a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka USA (koe wale nō nā Plains Nui). Ma ka palena o Lūkia ka mea maʻamau ma ka ʻākau ʻEulopa a me Siberia.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ia ma Aotearoa nei e kāohi i ka nui o ka iwi ʻōpiopio.
'O ka' ermine ka nui ma ka hepona, 'taiga a me nā wahi' tundra, a ma nā kuahiwi, i nā Pamir a me Himalaya e piʻi ana a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3.5-4 tausani mau mika. ʻO ko lākou koho i ka noho ʻana e hoʻoholo e ka nui o ka hānai nui - i nā rodents liʻiliʻi. E like me ke kānāwai, makemake nui ka ermine e noho kokoke i ka wai: ma nā kahe a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, kokoke kokoke i nā ka nahele, ma nā wahi o nā kahakai, nā nāho o ka lāʻau a me nā ʻihi. Maʻalahi loa e hele mai i ka hohonu o ka nahele, i nā ululāʻau nā mea kanu kahiko a me nā mālamalama, nā kahe lāʻau (ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi ʻaʻole i mamao loa i nā kauhale a me nā ʻāina ulu), ma nā wao nahele i aloha nui ʻia ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau māla a me nā māla. Kahi maʻamau i loko o nā poli, ma nā wāwae kahi i kāhea ʻia a me nā gullies. Ma nā mauna kuahiwi o Siberia, ua hiki ʻo ia i ka palena o ke kai, e noho ana ma waena o nā wahi paʻa i nā colas o nā pikas, a me nā ʻāpana alpine, kahi e emi ai ka uhi hau. Ma nā wahi ulu, noho pinepine kahi neʻe kokoke i nā wahi noho a i ʻole hoʻi i loko o ko lākou palena - i nā pā holoholona a me nā luku, nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā hale ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole kaʻae haʻahaʻa a me nā hau kiʻekiʻe i ka ola maʻamau o ka ermine. Ua ʻowī ʻo ia i ka wā o ke kahawai wai, a i ka wā hoʻoilo, i ka wā e paʻa ai ka hau a pale i ka holoholona mai ka ʻimi ʻana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
E alakaʻi nui ana i kahi ala hoʻokaʻawale o ke ola, noho paʻa loa, i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoilo, me ka loaʻa o ka ʻai. ʻO nā kai kūloko i nā kahawai kaila ākea ma mua o ke kapakai, e uhi ana i ka ʻāina he 8-30 mau heka, ma nā ʻāina kahawai, piʻi ko lākou nui i ka nui o 50-100 heketa. Ma kēlā me kēia kalana he mau wahi momona ʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻi ai ka holoholona no ka huki ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau lā a "hele ka hele wāwae", kahi i noho ʻole ai he mau lā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka Pūnaehana o nā panalāʻau o kēlā me kēia ʻāina, i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo ke hoʻoilo ʻia ka wā ʻōpiopio, a lilo nā ʻāpana o nā ʻelemakule i mau pānaʻi a me ka poʻe hopu.
Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hānai, nā holoholona pono e hoʻopili palupalu ʻia kekahi wahi, kahi holo nui lākou.ʻO ka loli o ka nohona ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā kahe wai haʻahaʻa: me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kahe, ua hoʻāla ʻia ka ermines i ka mane haʻahaʻa a i ʻole e hele i ka nahele nāhelehele no kahi mamao o kahi mau kilomita. Hoʻolālā pinepine lākou i nā wahi ma nā wahi ma kahi kokoke i ke kai o nā kauhale, kahi e neʻe ai ka nui o nā kiʻi like-mouse. Ma nā kuahiwi, hana nā mea wānana i nā neʻe kūlima hāwila, i ka ʻano maʻamau o nā holoholona mauna.
ʻO ka hale no ka ermine, a me nā marten liʻiliʻi kekahi, ʻo nā ʻāʻihi o nā rodents a lākou e ʻai ai. ʻO ka mea nāna i ʻeli ka lō me ka pilikia nui: ʻo kekahi mau kāne i noho i kahi hale hana, kahi ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono, ʻeli ka lua i ka lepo no ka hebedoma 15 wale nō ka lōʻihi. Aia kahi pua ermine e hoʻopau me kekahi mau recesses, i loko o kekahi o lākou nona ka mea nāna e hoʻonohonoho i nā latrines, aia kekahi mau latrines kokoke i ka pulu. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, noho ka ermine i nā puʻu o ka mauʻu a i ʻole koʻu mauʻu, nā ʻōpala i paʻa nā mea i lalo o ka lāʻau, i lalo o kahi kumulāʻau i lalo a i loko o nā mea peʻa pōhaku, a ma nā hale noho i hoʻonohonoho i nā hale i nā hale i haʻalele ʻia. Kūkā ʻia ka ʻuala manu i nā lau maloʻo a me nā lau, ka huluhulu a me nā ʻōpala o nā ʻili o nā voles a me nā hulu manu manu i ʻai ʻia e ka mea kūʻai pono.
Pau ka hana ʻo ka ermine i ka hola kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi ma ke ʻano he nui loa ka hana o nā voles.
He holoholona weliweli a nui ka ermine. Ua wikiwiki nō kona mau neʻe, akā he fussy. Ma muli o ka puʻuhū o nā wāwae, hiki i ka holoholona ke neʻe kaʻe i ka hau ma ka leʻe a hiki i 50 cm lōʻihi, a ʻo nā wāwae lua e haki ana i ka lepo, akā naʻe, inā i ka hoʻoilo hohonu a uhi mālie ka uhi, makemake ʻo ia e "lawaiʻa" i ia a neʻe i ka hana leʻe. Ma ka hopuʻana, huakaʻi a piʻi i 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā, i ka hoʻoilo - he awelika o 3 km. I ka hoʻoilo, i nā mahana ma lalo -30 °, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka home. I ka hihia o ka hahai ʻana, piʻi koke ʻo ia i loko o nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, i kekahi manawa i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 15 mika. Pue maikaʻi ka ʻōpio i ka manawa o ke kahawai wai hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā wahi wai me ka lōʻihi o kahi lōʻihi. Me ka pale a makaʻu paha, hoʻokuʻu ka holoholona i kahi mea huna honi ʻili o nā kelima mandal, ka wai ʻala like ʻole e kū hoʻokahi, i ka urine, hōʻailona ʻia kahi pākahi.
Pue ka ʻalani a piʻi maikaʻi, akā i ka mea maoli, he mākaukau pae ʻāina hoʻi ia. Ma kāna papaʻai, nui ka poʻe i like me nā kiʻīkiʻi, akā like ʻole i kona hoahānau, kahi ʻeke ʻai i nā ʻuʻina liʻiliʻi, nā ʻai ʻai erery ma luna o nā rodents - he wai wai, kahi hamster, kahi chipmunk, kōleo, lemmings, etc. ʻAʻole ʻae ka dimensi i ka komo ʻana i loko o nā lua o nā keiki rodents. Holo pinepine ʻo nā wahine i nā lua ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻai ermine ka manu a me kā lākou hua, a me ka tme nā iʻa a me nā ʻūlū. ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi (me ka nele o ka ʻai maʻamau), ʻai ka ermine i nā amphibians, nā mea ʻai me nā mea iniketi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia mea (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares a me nā pīpī), i nā makahiki pōloli a ʻai wale nō i ka ʻōpala a ʻaihue mai nā kānaka o nā aʻa a me ka iʻa. Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, kahi lāʻau ermine e hōʻoki ana i ka ʻoi aku i nā rodents a hiki ke ʻai. Kills luku ʻana e like me ka weasel - e ʻaki ana i kahi ʻoki ma ke kua o ke poʻo. Hoʻokele kahi elmine i nā rodents, e nānā ana i ka ʻohu, nā pepeke - ma ke kani, ka iʻa - e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻike.
E pau ana ke ala a ka manu huki me ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ona. ʻO ka pinepine, ma kahi laina pololei i ʻole ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka kilomika, hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ke kālai ʻana i nā ala he 2-3 mau lōʻihi. ʻO nā wahi kahi i maopopo ʻole ʻole kahi hānai, nā mea predator e hele ʻole a lohi i ka hau. Ma kekahi holoholona pololei kekahi e hele nui ʻia i nā wahi ākea - nā māla, nā loko maloʻo a me nā kahe. I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka holoholona, e like me ka gundog, kaʻo i ka "shuttle" ma luna o ka ʻāina mākeke, e paʻa ana i kona huʻu, ke kūlohelohe ʻo kāna ʻeleʻele. Kū ʻo ia i kekahi manawa e kū a kū i luna i ka "kolamu" ma kona mau wāwae hind - hōʻike ʻia. Holo aku i ka hoʻoilo, ma hope o 10-15 kekona e huki hou ana a hoʻomau i ka huki ʻana i nā kaula kuʻuna ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka hoʻoilo.
Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, kahi loiloi predatory e hana i kahi pōloli pōloli e make i ka rodents a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea hiki ke ai, a hiki i ka 8-10 mau kiʻo a me nā pā kīʻai i kēlā lā. Eia nō naʻe, emi ka maka ʻana o kēia ka mea i ka lā a hiki i ka lā hiki, ʻaʻole e hōʻemi ka mea i make, e make wale nō ka mea make i ka mau kiʻī i 2-3 mau lā i kēlā lā, e ʻai nui ai. Hū pinepine ʻo ia i ka mea i ʻai ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻai koke a hiki i nā manawa pōʻino loa a hiki i 20-25 mau voles i kekahi manawa i loko o kāna mau poki.
He wiwo ʻole kēia ʻānela liʻiliʻi, i kahi kūlana hopohopo, pilikia ʻo ia e hoʻolei iā ia iho i ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ermine e komo i nā ʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka hina, martens, ilka, sable, badger ʻAmelika, nā manu o ka make, a me nā manawa a nā ʻuʻā i hopu ʻia. Noho ka poʻe ermines i ka maʻi me ka parasat nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, e noho ana i ka sinusal mua, he mau shrews ʻo kāna mau mea lawe.
Hana ʻia ka polygamen Ermine i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Hana ʻia ka hana male kāne i nā mahina 4 mau mahina, mai ka waena o Pepeluali a hiki i ke kakahiaka o Iune. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine a me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (8-9 mahina) - ʻaʻole ulu nā embryos a hiki i Malaki. I ka huina holo, ʻo ia ka mau o 9-10 mahina, no laila puka mai nā cubs i ʻApelila - Mei i ka makahiki aʻe. ʻO nā bipi keiki i loko o ka litter ka 5-8, akā i kekahi manawa a hiki i 18, ka awelika o 4-9. Hoʻokomo wale kekahi wahine i loko o lākou.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka wahine ermine he makuahine mālama ʻoluʻolu loa. I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā hua, he wā leʻaleʻa i ka nalo, me ka hoʻoluʻolu i kāna keiki bipi me ka wela, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i kahi mahana maʻamau. I ka wā maloʻo maloʻo, kuʻi ka makuahine i ka loko me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana a ʻo ke kino paha o kahi vole make. I nā lā wela, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, lawe ʻo ia i kāna mau puki i waho o kahi pāheu momona a kau iā lākou ma luna o kahi moena o ka mauʻu a me ka lau. Mai ka pūnana nū i ʻike ʻia, lele nā ʻumi i nā pā i ka wahi ʻē aʻe: huli ke keiki kēlā me kēia, inā he hapalua wale nō ka nui o ka makuahine, lele koke i kahi hou no ka ʻūhā a me ka haki, pēpē piʻi wale ka pipi wale i ka paina o ka mau puʻu a me ka driftwood. Inā he mea wili a he kāne paha kahi hele ʻana i ka lua me kahi keiki pua, lele nui ka wahine iā ia, pale iā ia, e pale aku ana i kāna hua.
He pēpē ka nui o nā pēpē o 3-4 a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 32-51 mm, hānau pēmole, ʻaʻohe aʻoki ʻoki ʻia, me nā alima auditory paʻa a uhi ʻia me ka lauoho keʻokeʻo, a hoʻolimalima i nā lā mua e kū pū ana - ka ʻoka ʻo "nā keiki ad refion reflex" puka, e kōkua ana e mālama wela. Ke ulu mālie nā lālā i mua o nā marten liʻiliʻi: wehe wale nā maka i ka wā hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi mahina, a ma ka makahiki he 40 mau lākou e hoʻomaka ai e pane i kahi leo ("chicato") i ka hele mai o kahi hoʻoweliweli. I ka ʻike ʻana aku i ka mālamalama, lilo nā pupu a ulu a kūleʻa, me ka makemake nui ke hoʻāʻo e ʻai i ka ʻai, huʻi pū kekahi me kekahi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka lākou e haʻalele i ka nisa i ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. Mālama ʻo ia i ke ʻano āpau i ka pale ʻana a me ka huki ʻana o nā keiki me kāna mau niho i ka "mane", hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e huki iā ia. I kēia manawa, kū ka waiū hānai. Noho ka ʻohana ma kahi o 3-4 mau mahina, ka wā o ka wā o ka wā o ka ʻōpio a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ala hou ʻana o ka ʻōpio i ka waena o ke kauwela kauwela. Ma nā wahi kahi e ʻimi ikaika nei nā ermines, he liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou e ola a hiki iʻelua mau makahiki heʻumi, ʻoiai he mau holoholona e noho pio ana no nā makahiki 5-6.
Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi ma ke kakahiaka, i 2-3 mau mahina, a ʻo nā kāne wale nō i ka makahiki 11-14 mau mahina. Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio (ʻo 60-70 mau lā) ke hoʻopili nui ʻia e nā kāne ʻōpio - kahi hihia kūʻokoʻa i waena o nā momi i hāpai i ka hoʻopōnaʻi o nā ʻano.
He kākāʻāina maʻamau ʻo Ermine. Akā ma muli o ka hulu waiwai nui, ua hina nui kāna helu. ʻO ka ili keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi huelo ʻeleʻele, i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā kapa hulu, nā pāpale a me nā pulupulu a nā mea hanohano. He pōmaikaʻi nui kēia holoholona holoholona, ka luku ʻana i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi rodents. No laila, i ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ke pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa e huki ana iā Sakhalin e hana me ka nui o nā voles i hoʻolaha ʻia.
ʻAʻole i kuhi koina holo ʻia i Nuʻāina e kāohi i ka poʻe hoʻohana lapalapa; eia ka mea i hoʻomāhuahua ai a lilo i mea pōʻino e hōʻoki ai i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio a me nā hua o nā manu ʻōiwi, i ka lāʻau.

252. E ʻike ʻia nō ʻmineʻamu - kahi manu e hoʻokaʻawale iki me nā hulu nui, e ʻai ana i nā kiʻī. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia ʻike, koho i nā ʻōlelo ʻekolu i ʻōlelo mai ka papa inoa ma lalo nei. hōʻike ʻikepili hōʻailona o kēia holoholona.

1) ʻO ke kumuhana o ka lawaiʻa.

2) Hiki i nā niho ke hōʻoki i ka ʻili o ka mea pepehi.

3) ʻO ka loa o ke kino o ke kāne he 17-38 cm (nā ʻōpū he like o ka hapalua kēlā), a ʻo ke paona kino a hiki i 260 g.

4) ʻO ka hoʻonaninani kino a me nā ʻona e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi o 26 subspecies o ka ermine.

5) alakaʻi alualu i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa.

6) ʻO ka ermine he hōʻailona o A. Breton a me kāna kaikamahine K. French - ka wahine ʻo Francis I, no laila, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o ka ermine i loko o nā hale aliʻi o Farani.

253. I waena o nā holoholona invertebrate, ʻo ke ʻano o Mollusks ka lua wale nō i ka ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻano

254. He aha ke ʻano o ka hana e hana ʻia e nā ʻōpala honua?

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ermine

I ke kauwela, he anuanu ka huluhulu a ua huluhulu, a ma ka hoʻoilo ka mea e maʻa a palalulu ai. Hana ʻia kēia mau holoholona i 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki - i ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻulu. He lōʻihi ka lulu ʻana o ka molting wai, lohi, hoʻokumu mua ke poʻo, a laila ka ʻōpū, a laila ka ʻōpū. I ka wā o ka hāʻule, ua hoʻoola nā holoholona i ka ʻōkuhi - mai ka ʻōpū, a ʻo kēia kekahi e pili ana i 2 mau manawa wikiwiki. Ke loli nei kekahi mau subspecies i ka hema e hoʻololi i ke kala o ko lākou kapa i ka hoʻoilo. ʻAkahi wale i ka hoʻoilo, lilo i palalulu o kā lākou kapa.

ʻAno maikaʻi ka maikaʻi ʻana a me ka meaʻai

Makemake ʻo Ermine e noho i ka taiga, tundra a me ke ala lāʻau-steppe. Noho nā poʻe a puni me kahi waihona waiwai, pinepine i nā lāʻau nahele a me nā undergrowths. Ka hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hele i loko o ka palupalu taiga mako, a ʻaʻole makemake i ka ʻāina ākea me ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu. E alakaʻi i kahi kaena noho wale. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia holoholona kona ʻāina āpau, nā palena nāna e hōʻailona me nā feces a me nā urine. He nui loa ka waiwai o nā kāne kāne ma mua o nā wahi a nā wahine. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana male, hele mai nā kāne i ka ʻāina o nā wahine.

Hoʻokomoʻo Ermine. Holoʻo ia i nā hamsters, voles, lizards, pikas, chipmunks, nā manu a me nā mea hihiu. Inā loaʻa iā ia kahi pipi o nā hua manu, a laila e ʻai ia. ʻO Prey no kāna mau kiʻi a me nā hoki lālaki, he nui nā mea e kokoke ana i nā home o nā kānaka. ʻAi ʻia ka protein a me ka hares. ʻO ka ermine he huaʻeha maikaʻiʻole - me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i kahi mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona nui. Nā ʻai a ʻai i nā iʻa.

He ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi ʻo Ermine.

ʻAʻole hana nā Ermines i nā pūhaka; no ka hoʻomaha aia lākou i nā hale kūlohelohe. Hopu pinepine lākou i ka pō, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka ao. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona ulu a hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho ma ka waiho wale ʻana o ka meaʻai.

Luna o ka Ermine

Ma muli o ka wikiwiki, dexterity a me ka wikiwiki, haʻalele ka holoholona i ka poʻe predator, hikiʻole iā lākou ke hopu iā ia. ʻO ke ʻenemi ikaika nui loa. ʻO ka mea mua, luku wau i nā holoholona no ka hulu, kahi e kūʻai aku ai. Ma kahi kokoke i ka mahiʻai, e pepehi ʻia ka holoholona no ka pale i ka moa mai laila. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻemi nui ka heluna o nā ʻano o kēia ʻano. Ua helu ʻia ka ermine i loko o ka International Red Book e like me ka holoholona i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka luku piha ʻana.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

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