ʻO ka wahi hānau o ka wāwae ʻōpiopio nui loa o ka honua, ʻo ka cane toad, ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I ke kūlohelohe, pālahalaha kēia amphibian, no ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona nui nui a i nā mea huna ʻona, he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu wahine he 22 cm lōʻihi a ʻoi aku hoʻi ia a hiki i 1.5 kg - ke kuʻi puaʻa nui loa i ka honua. ʻO ke kāne, ʻoiai ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka wahine (14 cm), he ʻano nunui no kēia hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau mau lāʻau. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka waiwai ʻona nui i huna ʻia e nā kumulāʻau i hōʻoki ʻia i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona e ʻimi ana no ia a, ʻoiai, ʻo ka laulā ākea o nā amphibians. No laila, ma Ausetalia, kahi i lawe manawaleʻa ʻia ai nā toʻu e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā pīpī e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka mea kōpaʻa nui, nui ka nui i lilo i ka maʻi pōʻino.
ʻO ke kanaka kūlohelohe no ka wana i ka wana ma nā wahi wai i loko o nā kauā a me nā nāhelehele o Central a me kekahi mau wahi o ʻAmelika Hema. E like me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe, pono ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i ka ʻili, no laila e alakaʻi i ka nohona nocturnal, a i ka lā e hūnā ana i nā hihi o ka lā ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule, nā lāʻau a me nā pōhaku. I ka pō, ʻo ka welu toaka ka mea i huluhulu, ko kāna mea pio - nā midges, nā pūpū, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā mammals a me nā reptile, a me nā raka a me nā ʻihi ʻē aʻe - e ʻai mau ia.
He leo nui
I ka pō - ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā hoʻoulu - kani nui nā kāne e huki i nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kā lākou ʻūhā e hoʻoikaika i ke kani.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoaaloha kūpono loa, lele nui ke kāne i kona kua a paʻa loa i kona mau puhaka paʻa loa.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano palaka a me nā wīwī. I nā amphibians a pau, ke kāne, i mea e maopopo ai ka hoʻomakeke ʻana o nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia e ka wahine, ke paʻa paʻa nei iā ia, e paʻa ana me ke kōkua o nā pa i paʻa i ka hale aliʻi. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā tadpoles mai nā hua kanu. He ʻonohono lākou - ʻai lākou i nā ʻano waiʻai i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai, a me nā mea kanu a me nā algae. Ma hope oʻeono ʻeono a me ka hapa pule, ulu nā ʻōpala i nā wāwae a hāʻule ka ʻeleʻele. I nā makahiki e lua, hiki koke lākou i nā pākeke.
ʻO nā Tadpoles, e like me nā pālule makua, loaʻa nā ʻōnaʻu oona. I ka wā pākeke, aia nā nui nā kuʻuna parotid ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, e hana ana i kahi mea huna honu melemele. I ka hapanui o nā amphibians, ke kūlohelohe nei nā kūloko i ka lemus, e mālama ana i ka makika o ka ʻili, akā, i ka lāʻau ʻōpala i kēia mea huna hona ʻO kekahi holoholona e ʻalo nei i ka mane kōwili e make i loko o kekahi mau minuke - akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ka ʻono o ka ʻona ma ka waha o kahi mea kolohe.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ka maʻamau o nā ʻoniʻoni manuahi i kona ʻano kūlohelohe - hiki ke loaʻa ma Hawaii, Florida, Puerto Rico a me Papua New Guinea, kahi i hana paʻa ʻia ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20.
Inoa hou
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo mua ka mea nunui, a i ʻole ka moana wai, ua loaʻa i kēia amphibian kona inoa o kēia wā ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pīpī gula ma Puerto Rico i nā makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia hope. I Iune 22, 1935, he 102 mau makahiki i hoʻolako ʻia ai i nā kumulāʻau i North Queensland, Australia no kēia kumu. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ka pīkole e ʻai i nā pahal, akā, ma ka mea ke hoʻomaka, hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi no ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia kēia pilikia.
Nā mea kikoʻī ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka mea hano ka cane a me nā pīpī ʻai ʻai noho ʻia i nā nological ecological. No laila, ʻaʻole ka ʻūhā nui o nā ʻōlima aia i ka ʻāina, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e noho wale ma nā wahi ākea, ʻoiai ke koho nei i nā wahi me nā mea kanu ulu e pale ai iā ia mai nā hihi o ka lā.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka waʻa e hoʻonui wikiwiki, a me nā huaʻala ua ulu maikaʻi loa ma mua o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē a me nā bako e waiho i ka loko. I hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i kahi wahine ke waiho i kahi o 35,000 mau hua. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo e hoʻomōhala ʻia lākou a pau, a hānai nā wahine mai ka hapalua, a laila, i ka wā ʻōpiopio, e waiho kēlā me kēia hua o 35,000 mau huaʻehā. No laila, ma nā hanauna he ʻekolu, e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki ulu o ka wahine mua ma mua o 10 piriona mau keleawe.
Me nā ʻenemi ʻole nā ona, hiki ke lele koke a hiki i ka ʻōpala ʻo Queenland ka hopena i nā pōʻino nui loa i ka mahiʻai, nā māla o ke kūlanakauhale, a me nā holoholona hihiu o Kakadu National Park.
Kahele
ʻO ka wahi kanaka maoli o ka wīwī e pili ana i ka muliwaiʻo Rio Grande ma Texas a hiki i waena o Amazonia a me nā kahakai ʻo Peru. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā makahiki no ka kāohi ʻana i nā pōʻino manuahi e lawe ʻia i ke kahakai hikina o Australia (ka ʻūhā nui o Queensland a me ke kahakai ʻo New South Wales), ke komohana o Florida, ʻo Papua New Guinea, a me Filipina, nā mokupuni o Ogasawara a me Ryukyu, a he nui ko Caribbean a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pākīpika, e komo pū i ka Hawaii (i ka makahiki 1935) a me Fīropa. Aha hiki ke noho i ka pā panina o 5-40 ° C.
Ecology
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāina hemo mai nā ʻāpana ʻāina i uka o ke kai lāʻau a me nā pāpaho. ʻAʻole e like me nā poʻe ʻē ʻē, ʻike mau lākou i nā wai kahawai o nā kahawai wai ma nā kahakai, a ma nā mokupuni. No kēia, ʻae, a loaʻa iā ia kona inoa ʻepekema - Kalai Bufo , "Eʻe i ke kai." Ua maloʻo maikaʻi loa ka ʻili ʻōiwi pepe no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino, a, ma muli o kēia, ʻo kāna mau māmā ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia i waena o nā amphibians. Aha hiki ke ola i ka nalo ʻana o nā wai wai ma ke kino a hiki i 50%. E like me nā kānaka āpau, makemake ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i ka lā i loko o nā hale paʻahao, e hele ana i ka huni ma ke kakahiaka. Nui ka noho kino ka nohona ola. Kūleʻa ʻo ʻAha i nā peke pōkole pōkole. Ke lawe ʻana i kahi kūlana pale, inflate.
ʻO nā ʻōlima, nā wai puna wai, nā ʻiʻo wai, nā ʻalāʻau, nā ʻona a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e kūhewa ana i kā lākou mea ʻala ma ka pā pakeke. ʻO nā Tadpoles e ʻai ʻia e nā nymphs o nā ʻalopona, nā pōʻai wai, kekahi mau kukukū a me nā nahelehele. ʻAi nā mea wānana e ʻai wale i ka alelo o ka manamana, a ʻai ʻole paha i ka ʻōpū, kahi i loaʻa nā kino o nā kino o ka loko.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
ʻEleʻele nā larvae ʻo Aga a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka poʻe pākeke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Tadpoles i nā algae a me nā mea kanu waho aʻe, kahi i ʻeli ai lākou me nā lālima ʻelima o nā niho. ʻO nā tadpoles mau manawa i ʻai ka caviar o nā ag. Hana ʻia ka metamorphosis i nā 2-20 mau pule ma hope o ka hika ʻana o ka hua pua (e pili ana i kaʻai a me ka pāʻai wai. ʻO ka ʻaka i hoʻohālikelike i ka metamorphosis liʻiliʻi kekahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi - aia wale nō ma kahi o 1-1,5 cm. Ma hope o ka metamorphosis, haʻalele nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka wai a i kekahi manawa e hōʻiliʻili nui i nā ʻāpana. Puberty i ka makahiki 1-1.5 mau makahiki. E ola nei ʻo Agi a hiki i 10 mau makahiki (ma ke ʻano) a hiki i ka 15 mau makahiki (i ka noho pio). ʻO ka 0,5% wale nō o nā wili manu e huki ana i nā hua e ola i nā makahiki hānau.
Mea ʻai
He manuʻāina ka poʻe pākeke, ka mea maʻamau ʻole ka ʻōpala: ʻai lākou i ka arthropods a me nā ʻalopili ʻē aʻe (nā pi, nā pīpī, nā millipedes, nā mākaʻikaʻi, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻōpū, nā snails), akā, ʻo nā mea ʻaumua ʻē aʻe, ka ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā pipi a me nā holoholona i ka nui o nā kaiko. Mai haʻalele i ke kalai a me nā ʻōpala. Ma ke kai kai e ʻai ai i nā ʻapo a me nā anini. I ka hala ʻole o ka ʻai hiki ke lawe ʻia.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻolaha ākea me ka ua nui, i ka manawa o nā noho kōna manawa pōkole ma ka hoʻonohonoho (Iune -ʻOkakopa). Hoʻākoakoa ka ʻāleʻa o ka wai i loko o ka wai i hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole a me nā hea ʻana e like me nā kūpeʻe nui, kāhea no nā wahine. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua he 4-35 tausani i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā hua palu a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia. Hoʻomau ka incubation mai 2 a 7 lā. ʻO nā hua ʻelua a me nā ʻenua ʻōlima ka mea make i ka hapanui o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Ma hope o ka metamorphosis, nalo kēia hiʻohiʻona i loko o lākou a hiki i ka uluʻana o nā kelepa parotid.
ʻAe, ʻona i ka manawa a pau o ke ola. Ke pau ka huki ʻana o ka manamana makua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kona mau kīpī i kahi huna waiū i piha i ka bufotoxins, hiki iā ia ke "pana" iā lākou ma kahi mea kūʻai. He ahupuaʻo Agi venom, pili i ka naʻau a me ka hoʻopili o ka nūnū, nā mea hōʻeuʻeu, hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hele aihala, arrhythmia, hoʻonui i ke koko, i kekahi manawa ka maʻi maʻi pōkole a make me ka hopu kino. No ka makeʻana, ua lawa ka pilina maʻalahi me nā kelakona paona. Ua komo i ka pōpoki ma o ka membula o ka mau maka, ka ihu, a me ka waha e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻeha, ʻaihā, a me ka makaʻū pōkole. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā kumulāʻau o nā ʻenē e hoʻohana ʻia e ka lehulehu o ʻAmelika Hema e hoʻomoe i nā pua. ʻO nā Chocolate India mai ke Komohana o Colombia e aihue i nā ʻōpala i waʻa ʻia ma ka waiho ʻana iā lākou i nā ʻuā aʻa e paʻa ana ma luna o kahi pahu ahi, a laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka mea ʻulaʻeha i manaʻo ʻia i nā pā seramika.
Mea waiwai no ke kanaka
Aha kekahi i nā inoa ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, "reed toad".
Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohāliku i nā wīwī e hoʻopau i nā pōʻino manuahi ma ka hōmato a me nā mea kanu huaʻai, ma muli o lākou e pālahalaha pālahalaha aku ma waho o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe a lilo i nā pōʻino iā lākou iho, e hōʻona nei i nā mea hoʻonaʻāina kūleʻa ʻaʻole i kūleʻa i kā lākou paona, a e hoʻokūkū ai. meaʻai me nā amphibians kūloko.
Toi Agi ma Australia
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo 101 i wai i Iune i Australia mai Hawaii e kāohi i nā pōpō kōkōlani. I ka pio, ua hoʻokuʻi ka hānai, a ma ʻAukake he ʻoi aku he 3,000 mau keiki ʻōpio i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kahi māla ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Queensland. E kūʻē i nā pōpilikia, ʻaʻole pono nā makahiki (no ka mea loaʻa kahi mea i loaʻa iā lākou), akā hoʻomaka koke lākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou helu a pālahalaha aku, a hiki i ka mokuna o New South Wales ma ke kūlanakauhale, a me ka ʻāpana Nui i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka palena o kēia ʻano i loko o Aulopa ma ka hema a ma ke komohana a 25 km i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
I kēia manawa, he hopena ʻino nā makahiki i ka fauna o Ausetalia, ka ʻai, ka ʻaha a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ke kumu o ka ʻawaʻawa o nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ʻo ia nā mea ʻaumua a me nā ʻāhā a me nā marsupial liʻiliʻi, me nā mea pili i nā holoholona i loaʻa ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka aga i ka emi ʻana o ka helu o ka marts marsupial, me nā lizards nui a me nā nakahi (nā mea make a me nā tiger ʻeleʻele, echidna ʻeleʻele). Hoʻopau wale nō lākou i nā lūlū, luku ʻana i ka meli meli. Ma ka manawa like, loaʻa ka nui o nā ʻano manuahi i kēia mau ʻakaʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lele ʻana o Guinean Nui a me nā kaila ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ulu ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomalu ʻana ʻo Aga.
ʻO ka wehewehe Aga
He keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā palahala luna i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kino ākea a puni, a ke kino ʻia i nā ʻōpū o lalo me nā wahi ʻulaʻula.
Kūlike kēia ʻanala i kona mau hoahānau i ke ʻano o ke poʻo a me kahi o nā protrusion bony, aia aia ma luna o ka pukana o luna a loaʻa i kahi ʻano semicircular, ʻo ka manawa hou aʻe, he papala ākea kahi.
Ua ʻoki ʻia kahi huluhulu maikaʻi ʻo Aga. Ma ka kua o ke poʻo, ma hope o nā maka, he mau ʻālaʻi ʻona nunui i kapa ʻia nā parotid, ka hoʻohui aʻe i kēia, aia nā kinohi liʻiliʻi liuliu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua a me ke poʻo.
Ko uka mai o nā keiki aloha
Loaʻa kēlā me kēia parotid palaki e pili ana i ka 0,07 mau mea o nā pona. Ke kūpaʻa nei kahi kanaka predator i kahi lāʻau kele, e hoʻokuʻu mua ka lāʻau i nā kelima liʻiliʻi. He ʻano ʻāhuʻu ikaika ka ʻike ʻia ʻana, ua ʻono i ka ʻawa a a ka ʻana i ke ʻano ʻana o ka ʻāʻī ma ka waha. Ua hoʻonāukiuki ka ʻawaʻawa i nā ʻāpana mucous nui, a me ka mea nāna e kō ka mea i hōʻilo i ka mea i lawe ʻia.
ʻO ka pau ka ikaika loa aia i ka pā kuapo o ke aga. Ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, ua kuʻi ka ʻili kuʻi i ka ʻona a hoʻomoʻi iā ia me kāna mau wāwae i ka hope i mea e kūʻē hou ai iā lākou ke hoʻouka ʻia.
ʻO ka mea make i loaʻa nā bufotenin, tryptamine, catecholamine, serotonin a me nā mea'ē aʻe. I nā helu liʻiliʻi, ua loaʻa kēia mea pona i kekahi antishock, anthelmintic, antitumor a me ka radioprotective hopena. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, ua manaʻo ʻia ka puhā o ka ʻili manu e like me ke ʻano o nā lāʻau hou.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka i nā mea make o ka ʻae
I ka wā e hōʻāʻī ai i ka ʻāʻī i loko o kahi holoholona, hoʻokuʻu nui ka wai, hoʻihoʻi, ka pūʻali, tachycardia, nā mea hoʻokalakupua, ka edema pulmonary e hele mai, a ma nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ke hiki mai ka make.
Inā loaʻa ka lāʻau i ka membile mucous o ke kanaka, a me ka maka nui loa i nā maka, a laila hele mai ka ʻehaʻeha nui, ulu nā keratitis a me nā conjunctivitis.
Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻaka manu i loko o ka mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi, a i ka makahiki 30 ua lawe ʻia mai lākou mai nā mokupuni a ʻAreteria i mea e luku ai i ka mahiai holoholona. I kēia lā ua hōʻeha lākou i nā pōʻino o ka manu o Ausetalia, me ka mea a lākou e hona ai i nā holoholona i ʻike ʻole i ka palaʻai a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe.
I nā mokulele ʻAmelika Hema i Buus marinus, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻoneʻe hallucinogen mai ka ʻili. Ma ka hopena, ua like ia me ka LSD lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻokumu kahi mokuʻona hoʻowalewale i ka bufotenin, e hoʻopiʻi i ka euphoria pōkole. I ka wā o nā kiʻi ʻili o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Mei ma Mekiko, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā koena o kēia mau wāwae a kokoke i nā pā o ka luakini.
Hiki i kahi holoholona huhū ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi kahawai o nā pona mai nā parotids - nā pua nui o nā pona manuʻai i loko o ka maka. Pēlā hoʻi i ke ahiahi, ma mua o ka hopu ʻana, kuʻi pinepine ʻia nā ʻekekau iā lākou iho me kā lākou mau wāwae, e hoʻokuʻi i ka ʻona i ka ʻili. Me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana, kani ka lāʻau i ka wai o ka mea make i ka mea lawehala, me ka hōʻoia ke kī ʻo ia i ka hopena i kahi lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mika!
Kāleka
ʻAe - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o nā amphibians tailless (Anura): ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau keneta lōʻihi a hiki i 12 kenimita ākea. ʻO ke kino o ka pākeke he ʻōpio kekahi ma mua o 2 kilograms. ʻAno ʻeleʻele ka kala o ka aga, ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal me nā ʻeleʻele nui, ma ka ʻaoʻao ventral me nā wahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. Ma ke poʻo mai nā maka a hiki i nā puka ihu e holo i nā ʻōpū ʻeleʻele. He holoholona maʻamau ʻo Aga i kekahi mau wahi o ʻAmelika Hema a ua loaʻa pinepine i nā kūlanakauhale. Hoʻopilikia loa ka hele ʻana o nā kinona o ka ʻili o ka aga, a hoʻohana nā poʻe nīnū i ia e hoʻomākaukau i ka mea ʻala no nā pua.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka Toads-aga e noho ma kahi anuanu a me ke anuanu, e kokoke mau i nā loko wai a i nā popo paha, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā kahawai one. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wāwae i nā lā a pau i ke alo o ka malu, e peʻe ana i loko o kahi lāʻau, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā lau hāʻule. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, hele nui kēia mau ʻaumia. ʻĀnai ʻo Agi i nā pi. kekahi mau puʻu, nā ipuka. mauʻu puaʻa. mau ʻōpio. ʻāhā, nā lehelehe. ʻīwī, ʻiole liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono hou aku i ka mahina o Iune. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu i loko o ke ʻano o nā kaula lōʻihi i ka wai. Kuku liʻiliʻi nā ʻōpī uliuli mai nā hua. ʻO nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio, i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi, hiki i ka 1 kenimika wale ka lōʻihi.
Kāhāhā.
I loko o ke kino o ka manamana, aga, he nui nā kelepona kūikawā e hoʻoili i kahi mea make ikaika loa, he mea make no nā mamalia, e komo pū me nā kānaka. Hiki i ke ʻōomano ke komo i ke kino ma o ka ʻili, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopā i ka manamana lima. ʻOi loa ka pīhoihoi a pili i ka aha, no ka mea, hiki i ka wāwae ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi wai lōʻihi o nā pona mai nā nalo nui e kokoke ana i nā maka. E hoʻokuʻu pono i nā pahu manu i nā meaʻole o nā mea make, a kuʻi i ka pahuhopu mai kahi mamao o hoʻokahi mita.
ʻAʻohe o mākou e kahaha i nā nahele ʻawaʻawa. Akā inā ʻōlelo ʻia kēlā mea e pili ana i nā ʻaka, a laila ʻaʻole nui ka manaʻoʻiʻo. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi kēia mea i loko o ko mākou mau poʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka honua o ka honua, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kekahi. Aia kekahi, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka holo ʻana aku i nā mea ʻai manu e! Paʻa ʻia. ʻO kekahi o ia mau ʻelele kekahi inoa inoa nui a me ka mana ʻo Aha. Ma lalo ʻoe ʻike i kona kiʻi.
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻōiwi o ka toad-aga i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kūkulu hema o North a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hiki mai i ʻAsia i ka hoʻolauna ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ka hoʻokō kūlohelohe. Ua lawe mai kekahi kanaka iā ia i Philippines, Taiwan, New Guinea, Australia me nā manaʻo maikaʻi.Manaʻo ka poʻe e hakakā maikaʻi loa kēia mea kolohe i nā mea ʻino e hōʻino i ka mahiʻai.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka toad-aga no kona ola e hoʻopau i ka nui o nā pepeke. ʻOiai kaʻoi aʻe iā lākou, hānai ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, rodents, lizards, aneane like me nā ʻano o nā gastropod e noho nei ma ka ʻāina like.
ʻOi, kekahi o nā mālamalama nui loa ma ka Honua. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai ka ihu a hiki i nā wāwae ʻili he 13-17 cm ka kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilokilo. E neʻe wikiwiki ana ʻo ia ma nā puka liʻiliʻi, akā lele mau pinepine. Ua akaka ia me kēlā me ka ʻike pilikino, e hoʻopau koke ia i ka nui o nā pōpoki pepeke.
Akā hewa nui ka poʻe. Ma kahi o ka ʻimi ʻana no nā iniseti maikaʻi ʻia, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i maʻalahi ke loaʻa. I nā ʻāina Āsia, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻouka i nā bakoka a me nā mea wahaheʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka pēpē manu e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka nui o nā holoholona o nā wahi.
ʻO kēia ʻuʻaha make ʻole, he keu ka luku koke ʻana i nā holoholona maoli, hoʻokūkū iā lākou i ka meaʻai.
A no laila, nui ka poʻe predator i make mai ko lākou ʻāʻī, ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ka ʻū, me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā lākou me nā rana pōʻino huakaʻi. Mai kā lākou ʻōpū mai nā pala a me nā nahesa i make! Me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i kāna ʻenemi, ʻae, ua hiki iā ia ke huʻi.
ʻO ka hana nui i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. I ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha lākou i nā hale.
ʻO ka make o kēia mau ʻuʻuku e make i nā holoholona a pau, e komo pū me nā kānaka. He nui nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka make mai ona, akā, he wahi e pono ai.
Loaʻa ka waiʻona i kā lākou i ka lepa i loko o nā kōpuna i kū ma hope o nā maka. Eia nō hoʻi, ke kahe nei ka wai mai nā lekiʻi ma o nā puka kūikawā a hohola ma luna o ka ʻili. No laila, ʻo kahi paʻi maʻalahi o ka lōlani e hiki ai i kahi hoʻokomo.
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā Aha ke "popo" i ka mea ʻeha ma ka mea hoʻopuka. A inā ʻoe e kōloli i kēia amphibian, a laila e kali ana kahi holoholona luhi i kahi make.
ʻO ka poʻomanaʻo i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka bead-aga e hōʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona: salivation, nausea, hoʻonui koʻikoʻi, hōʻino kino i ke keʻa a me ka hopena, ʻo ka make mai ka hopu kino.
Mai kēia hana ʻana he nui nā poʻe e ʻehaʻeha iā ia me ka mea pono ʻole. I nā wā mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ua like like ia me nā poroka a me ka nui a me ke kala, ʻike i ke kiʻi.
Akā ma kahi o ka hōʻino, lawe ʻia ka pōmaikaʻi nui i kekahi kanaka. No laila, he mea ia no nā kumu olakino (ma ka cardiac surgery), me he aphrodisiac, etc.
ʻAi - aloha
No ke aha la aolo leʻaleʻa ia kaulana kaulana a ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ka hua ʻōlelo hōʻino. Manaʻo wau e hiki maʻalahi ke wehewehe ʻia: he maikaʻi kēia mau holoholona a, ʻoiai, ʻo kā lākou warty ke hāʻawi i ka mea huna huna, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pōʻino i nā kānaka. No ka aolo i ka hana laia he mea koʻikoʻi nui: ʻo ia wale nō ke ala ma ke ʻano heiā Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i kou mau ʻenemi. Ma kēiaʻano, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lele lele me ka palaka ʻole. Inā pili ʻoe i aolo hāmama, hiki iā ʻoe ke hauʻoli me ka wikiwiki a me ka ʻoluʻolu a me nā maka akamai maikaʻi. No laila, ma mua o lākou he poʻe kamaʻāina mau o nā terrariums. Mai kēia lā, no nā kumu maopopo, ʻaʻole i ʻike lākou no ka ʻikepili paʻa, e kau palena au iā ʻoe iaʻu wale nō i nā ʻano ʻelua wale nō hoihoi i nā ʻūhā . ^ E Ha yM. ka mea i helu ʻia ma ka hapa nui.
Yeah aloha e like me nā mea āpau aolo no ka ʻohana Bufonudae . ^ E Ha yM. Noho ʻo ia ma ke kuamuna mai nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a hiki i Patagonia, akā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i kona hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i loko o ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea ʻino poʻomanaʻo, ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Ma kahi o 20 cm lōʻihi, brownish, pinepine me nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻāpana māmā. Kau ai nunui, a nunui no ka mea e pono ai i kahi terrarium, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lele a me ka piʻi. E uhi ʻia ka lalo i kahi pākuʻi o ka ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomau. I kēlā hoʻoili palupalu aolo aloha e ʻeli. Pono ka terrace i kahi loko liʻiliʻi, nā lālā knotty, nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ʻāpana nui e lilo i ka lawelawe heiā malu. Aʻo nā mea kanu, pilikia nui kēia, mai ka manawa aolo - lawa nā holoholona ikaika me kahi ʻōpala pīhoihoi ikaika. No laila, no kahi terrarium, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu paʻa wale e maʻalahi e hoʻololi. ʻAha kapa makemake lākou i ka pale ʻāina a me ka mahana o ka ea, ka wai a me ka lepo i 25ºº, hiki ke mālama ʻia me ke kōkua o ke kuhi radiation. Pēlā ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ka territory, he mea ia e kau i kahi kukui kīwaha, i huli ʻia i ka pō. Ma ke ahiahi i aolo e hūnā ma ko lākou mau keʻena, e like me ke kūpaʻa wale ana ma ka welau wale. I ke ahiahi, hele mai lākou i ke ola a hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Nā nā pepi nui, nā kolo, a me nā kiʻi hou i hana ʻia no lākou. Inā heiā i ka kalana ke manaʻo e mālie a mālie, a laila hiki iā ia ke ʻai mai nā lima o kāna mea hilinaʻi. Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kou pā, pono ʻoe e holoi i kou mau lima e holoi i ka ʻāʻī, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai i nā kihi pepeiao.
Nā kumuwaiwai: alins.ru, web-zoopark.ru, poasii.ru, dic.academic.ru, www.ekzotika.com
E haʻi kā mākou moʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kekahi o nā amphibians nui loa o ka honua - reed toad aga. ʻO kona ʻāina kaiapuni a me ʻAmelika Hema, akā ʻo ka laulā o ka uhi.
Mai Ke Kahi Pūnaewele
E haʻi kā mākou moʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kekahi o nā amphibians nui loa o ka honua - reed toad aga. Pehea ke ʻano o kēia mea? E hoihoi wale nō ia nā mea i nā kānaka āpau e makemake i ka holoholona hihiu, akā no nā mākua nō hoʻi kā lākou mau keiki i pae 3. "ʻO Toad aha" kahi hana paʻakikī e kūloko ai nā kipi ʻekolu. Hoʻouna ʻia nā keiki e hoʻolohe i ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i kēia holoholona, a laila e pane i nā ʻano nīnau.
Mālama
He home ʻo Aga i ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, akā ua uhi ka laulā i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi i loko o Ausetalia, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻekuʻe manu e hana i ka iniseti. E like me ka nui o nā hanana like ʻole, ʻaʻole i kū ʻole ka hoʻokolohua: ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻula, ua haki nui ʻia kekahi rati me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe, holo wikiwiki loa i ka ʻāina hikina a hoʻopau i nā mea like ʻole i pale ʻole ʻia. Ua ulu kahi kūlana like ma kekahi mau mokupuni o Oceania a me ka Caribbean.
ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau ʻaumia ke noho i ka wai wai, akā kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka wai wai me ka paʻakai, ke kai. Ma muli o kēia, ma kekahi mau ʻōlelo, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Haʻi kolo i kai. He ākea ka nui o ka mahana: mai 5 a 41 mau kiʻekiʻe ma luna o zero.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
ʻO kekahi ka ʻōlelo i ka toad aga kekahi o nā mea ʻino loa i ka honua. He mea paʻakikī paha ke hōʻike ʻia o ia ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo ka helehelena o kēia holoholona he mea kupaianaha loa ia.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu pilikino, akā nui ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hiki i ke kauā wahine ke kaupaona a hiki i 2 kg, ʻoiai ke kaumaha o nā kāne i loko o hoʻokahi kilogram. Hiki i ka nui Amphibian ke lōʻihi i 25 cm ke lōʻihi, ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i ulu i 15 cm.
Ke nānā nei i ke kiʻi o ke aloha toad, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻili maloʻo e uhi ana i kona poʻo a me kona kino. Kūpono ka ʻano o kēia mau mea hana, pōkole nā wāwae. Aia nā membran wale i nā wāwae hind, a ma nā mua nā manu i poalo ʻole. O luna ke haumana. Hiki ke kala i ka ʻulaʻula mai ka oliva māmā a i ke brown. Paʻa mau ke kua o ke kua ma mua o ka ʻōpū.
ʻOiai me ka maka ʻaha hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka loaʻa ʻana o ke aloha keiki. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā kelepona parotid i nā puka lāʻau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi me nā ʻōmole ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa kēlā me kēia nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka make o ka ʻona. No nā kānaka, ʻaʻole kūlohelohe kēia kumukūʻai, akā hiki i kahi wai keʻa keʻokeʻo ke hiki ke hōʻeha i nā mea kuni nui. ʻAʻole hiki i ka pōʻino ke hōʻeha nui i ka mea nāna e hānai: ua hōʻike ka waihona i kahi mea ʻono ʻole a me nā ʻono pungent, no ka mea i hāʻule i ka huaʻalā i loko o nā ʻōpala ke hele wale i waho.
Holo a me ka meaʻai
ʻAe alakaʻi i ke ola i ka pō. Ke hele nei i ka lele, hōʻai piha ʻo ia i ka pona me kāna mau wāwae a pau i kona ʻili, i ʻole e ʻā ʻia kahi mea make ʻole. Ka manawa hoʻoulu - twilight. He holoholona nani a gluttonous kēia. ʻAi ʻia ka hipa I ka poʻe e holo maikaʻi ʻole ma mua o kona a hiki ke komo i loko o kona waha: ka iʻa, nā pepeke, snails, lizards, leeches, jellyfish, nā ihe a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka fauna, ka nui o ka ʻiole a liʻiliʻi paha. Inā ʻaʻole nui ka huki ʻana no ka wā lōʻihi, hiki i nā makahiki ke hele i ka cannibalism. ʻAi ka poʻe olakino i ka ʻōpala, ka caviar a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Heʻuʻuku ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e ʻimi ana i ka lā ma mua o ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai lākou. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar hiki i ka mea make i kekahi mau holoholona. ʻO nā ʻōlopa, nā ʻuā nui, kekahi mau nahe, nā wai wai, nā manu (kites, nā pūliki, nā manu) nā mea i paʻa ma ka aga.
ʻAi ʻia ka Caviar e nā crayfish, mollusks o nā manu manu, millipedes, nā pepona a me nā iʻa ʻaʻole i hiki ke paʻi ʻia ʻona. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki ke ʻai wale kekahi o nā mea lawaleʻa i loko o ka lālani me ka hoʻopā ʻole i ka ʻona ʻona.
ʻO kahi kahi o kekahi mau mea pili e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke ola o ke aloha e kōkua ai i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia mau mea ola i ke ʻano.
- Hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina, hoʻēla ka nui o ke aloha. No ka hana ʻana iā ia, hele ʻo ia i kahi puna a wailua a hoʻomaka i ka pohō a hiki i ka pohā ʻana o kona ʻili. Ke puka nei i waho o ka maiʻa kahiko, ʻai ʻo ka amphibia.
- Ua hoʻohana ʻōpiopio ʻAmelika Hema i ka ʻuʻiwa i loko o nā hoʻomana hoʻomana. Hoʻohālike ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana me LSD a hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā hallucanga. Ua hoʻohana pū nā mea ʻōpio Voodoo i kēia mea no kā lākou hana.
- Aha loaʻa nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ulu aʻe i ka papa.
- Leo nui loa ka leo o kēia mau wāwae. Mai kahi mamao aku, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe mele frog e kaniʻi nei i nā mīkini ʻinela.
- Loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona a me nā mea aloha o nā exotics. Hiki ke mālama iā Aga i ka home, akā ʻaʻole kēia mea maʻalahi. E like me nā amphibians nui, koi kekahi wāwae i kahi terrarium ʻokoʻa maluhia. ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe wana hopu pio i nā hua ʻai me nā mollusks. Hoʻomaopopo ia ma ka noho pio ʻana, hiki ke ola ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki, ʻo ka hapa mau ka awelika ma ke ʻano he hapa ia. Hāpai kekahi mau holoholona kūleʻa i nā mākaʻi i ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi.
Toad aloha - wehewehe, hiʻohiʻona a me nā kiʻi.
Holoi nui ka nui o ka amphibian: i kekahi manawa ke kaupaʻa nei ka wāwae i ka 1 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka awelika he 16 cm, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā maʻi ākea ka hiki ke hiki i 20 cm. He hoihoi ia he wahine nui a ʻoi aku nā kāne. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano kīpē hiki ke hoʻokūkū me ka nui o ka nui - ʻo ia ka palu nui o Blomberg ma ka honua (Blankergi Bufo).
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻo amphibian: ʻo ke ʻeke o ke alāwi ʻawaʻawa me ka ʻulaʻula, i uhi ʻia a uhi ʻia paha. Hoʻonaninani ka ʻōpū a i uhi ʻia hoʻi me nā wahiʻeleʻele, akā heʻuʻuku hoʻi. Hoʻopau ka paʻu a ikaika keratinized. ʻO nā haumāna noho ʻalike nā hopena o ke ola kino nocturnal o ke alo toad. E like me nā ʻano wāwae ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa nā wāwae i ka pūnaewele.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka nuku? Aia ma ia ʻāina?
ʻO ka ʻāina home o ka ʻona makeā o ka ʻūlū Hema a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ka wahi i noho ai mai ke kahawai ʻo Rio Grande, e kahe ana ma Texas, i ke kahawai ʻo Peru a me ka Amazon Lowland. ʻAʻole hiki ke kū i nā ʻāmaʻomaʻo i ke anuanu, no laila ʻo nā mea āpau o ke kuʻi wāwae, ʻelua a kūlohelohe hou, aia ma nā ʻalā a me ke anuanu. ʻO ke kiʻi nui, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke alo toad i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina: ʻo Ausetalia, ʻo Pelekane, Papua New Guinea, a me kekahi mokupuni o Caribbean a me ka Pakipika. Ua hana ʻia kēia i ka mea make i ka ʻūlū make. Eia naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā waiwai ʻona o kēia amphibian-aggressor: i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pōpoki, ʻelua mau ʻōiwi amphibian a me nā holoholona home i loaʻa i ka maʻi o ka ʻili.
Ko ka poila o kahi keiki puahiwi.
ʻO ka lepona hope hope o ka pepeiao, e hana i ka poʻomanaʻo kaulana o ka manamana lima, aia i ka ʻaoʻao o ka hope. Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻili o ke kua a me ke poʻo, nui nā mea ʻona nunui he nui. ʻO ka ʻīlio a ʻīlio paha ka mea e haki i ka pua ʻōpala, make koke ia. He mea weliweli no nā kānaka: ʻo ka nui o ka make o ka ʻili manu e hiki ke komo i ke kino, ʻoiai he mea paʻa wale ʻia ka amphibian. Ke hopohopo nei kahi hoʻoweliweli, ʻae koke e pehu i ka ʻenemi.
He aha ka 'ai?
Mai nā ʻano he nui ʻē aʻe o nā ʻōpala, ka ʻai ʻana i nā iniseti nui, ʻike ʻia ka ʻomo i ka manuahi. Ke hele nei i ka hopu ʻana i ka pōʻeleʻele, kēia amphibian predatory, aloha i kona ʻona, make a ʻai hoʻi ʻaʻole i nā hua like ʻole a me nā ʻalopona wale nō, akā, ʻo nā kiʻina liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻi, me nā manu, nā ʻōpala a me nā pōkole. Inā pono, he ʻikepili ka puʻu i ka palaka.