Koiia (Latin Acipenser ruthenus) - he iʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon, ua kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book of Russia a me Appendix II CITES he "ʻano nāwaliwali." ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hele i ka 125 cm, paona - a hiki i ka 16 kg. Ua papa ʻia ʻo ka lawaiʻa ma Lūkini ma ka ʻāpana lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻo Volga-Caspian a me Azov-ʻ Sealeka (me nā ʻano pū kekahi. ʻAe ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻae ʻia i kekahi mau muliwai o Western Siberia, a i nā kahawai hoʻi o ka Northern Fisheries Basin. ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā mea ʻala.

Hōʻanoʻike

Ma waena o nā mea paʻa'ē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wā ʻōpiopio: ʻoi aku nā kāne i hala ma ka makahiki 4-5 mau makahiki, nā wahine - 7-8 mau makahiki. ʻOi ka hoʻohālikelike he 4 tausani - 140 mau huaʻa. Kūpono i nā Mei, ma ka maʻamau. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Caviar, waiho ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻoho-pebble. Hoʻoulu ia e pili ana i 4-5 mau lā.

Maʻa pinepine ka poʻe pākeke i ka lōʻihi o 40-60 cm a me ke kaupaʻa ʻana o 0.5-2 kg, i kekahi manawa ke kaupaona nei he 6-7 kg a loaʻa a hiki i 16 kg.

E hānai nui ana nā pākeke ma nā larva chironomid, mollusks liʻiliʻi, a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe (mysids, gammarids).

I ka wā lohi, i Kepakemapa, hōʻuluʻulu ia i nā ʻāpana hohonu o nā muliwai (poka), kahi e ulu ai i ka hoʻoilo holoʻokoʻa i kahi ʻāina pau, me ka ʻole e ʻai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ke kānāwai o ka muliwai i nā kūlana ʻai o ka sterlet, akā naʻe ʻoi i ka nui o nā kūlana hana.

ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka makahiki he pili no 30 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka iʻa kūʻai pāʻai waiwai. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka loko a me ka pua o ka loko.

Ma ke kāʻei ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻano me kahi beluga, loaʻa kahi ʻano momona i nā lawaiʻa i kapa ʻia ʻoi loa ʻoi.

Kahele

Noho ia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā muliwai o ka Pōleʻele, Azov a me Caspian Seas, i loko o ka muliwai kahawai o ka Northern Dvina, Ob, Yenisei a me Pyasin, a ua komo ʻia i loko o ke awāwa o Lake Ladoga a me Onega.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā kahawai: Neman, Western Dvina, Onega, Pechora, Amur, Oka, a i pū kekahi pū i loko o kahi mau hale waihona waiwai.

• i ke kahe Dnieper ma Smolensk (Dnipro) a me Bryansk (Desna) wahi,
• i ka ipu o ka Dniester a me ka Prut ma Moldova,
• i loko o ka urupa Don - ma kona loa holoʻokoʻa mai Rostov a hiki i Tula mau ʻāina,
• ma ka uaki Ural maloko o ka Orenburg wahi,
• i ke kahe Sura i nā republics o Mari El, Chuvashia a me Mordovia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk a me Penza nā ʻāina,
• i ka puna wai Kama - i loko o nā repubics o Udmurtia, Tatarstan a me Bashkortostan, Perm Territory a me Kirov Regions,
• i ka ʻauʻau o nā Kuban i hui mai ma loko o ka mokuʻo Krasnodar,
• ma ka papu Vyatka - i nā moku ʻo Nolinsky a me Urzhumsky,
• Ma ka pahu Yenisei mai ka waha o ka Angara lalo.
• Ma ka Lā Palena ʻo ʻEleʻele, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka helu o ka sterlet i kēia manawa; i kēia manawa, i nā kīʻaha Dnieper a me Don Don he mau wahi ʻike ʻia i loko o nā loiloi.
• Ma ke kīʻaha kahawai ʻo Kuban, ua nalowale paha kēia iʻa.
• Ma ke kīʻaha o ke kai Caspian (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka paʻu Volga) nui ka umekika.
  • Ma waena o waena a me ka pāpū Kama waena, ua nui ka nui i loko o ka 50s a me 70s o ke kenekulia 20 a ua hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka nui a me ka hoʻopulupulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano, akā i loko o ka 90s i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka helu, ʻo ia paha ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai ma muli o ka pohō nui. ʻoihana hana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā lāau lāʻau.
  • Wahi a kekahi loea o ka poʻe loea, he kanaka noho kūloko i noho i loko o ke kahawai ʻo Sura River. A hiki i 1969, ua nui ka waiwai o ka mea kūʻai, akā ma 1969-1970 ka neʻe ʻana o kona neʻe ʻana a hiki i nā makahiki 15 e hiki mai ana he mau mea kikoʻī wale nō i ʻike ʻia, i ka makahiki 1986-1987, ua komo nā mea hana mai Volga, akā ua paʻa ka helu inoa ʻole. hoʻokahi manawa.
  • I loko o ka Volga Volga, loaʻa iā ia ma Volgograd, Uglich a me Rybinsk reservoirs.
  • Ma ka wai kahawai ʻo Ural, ʻoiai hoʻi ma ka ʻāpana Lūkia, loaʻa kahi ʻano i loaʻa i nā ʻenemi Orenburg i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō.
• Ma ke kula Ob, mai ka lohi ana o na muliwai Biya a me Katun a hiki i ke Kaiwa o Ob.
  • Loaʻa nō hoʻi ma ka waena waena o ka muliwai Irtysh (mai Pavlodar ma lalo).

ʻO nā mea nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o ka nalo ʻana o ka wai ma o ka wai ʻana i ka ʻenehana, mahiʻai a me nā ʻano wai i loko o ka hale (wai ka mea pili i ka wai a me ka ʻikehu. Hoʻolulima ʻia ka nui o ka kānaka waiwai e nā ʻōpala i hana ʻia ma luna o nā muliwai, kahi a ke ʻano o ka wai hoʻowahāwahā ʻia. ʻO ka hana ikaika (hilinaʻi ʻia i nā injections kālā) lawe ʻia nā mea e pale aku ai i ka ʻano. Ke ulu pinepine nei kēia mea ma nā mahiʻai kūikawā.

Kāleka

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sterlet ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻano palekana āpau. ʻAʻole aneane ka nui o ke kino o ka pākeke ma mua o 120-130 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau cartilage: 30-40 cm, ke kaupaʻa nei lākou ma mua o ʻelua kilograma.

He kino elongated ka bonlet me kahi poʻo ākea ākea a me ka nui. ʻ ellani ʻia kāna ʻano kupapaʻu me ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa i waena o ʻelua, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea e ʻike nui ʻia e kēia ʻano iʻa. Aia ma lalo o ka snout he nui o nā kapa antennae, i loaʻa nō i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana firmgeon.

He hoihoi kēia! Hele mai ʻo Sterlet i loko o ʻelua ʻano: kaha ke kaha, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻalani a me ka blunt-nosed, a kahi kahi hiʻu o ka lihi o ka muzzle.

Ua uhi ʻia kona poʻo ma luna me nā pale kaua i hoʻopili ʻia. Ma ke kino he ʻano lōkaka ganoid me nā mauʻa he nui, interspersed me nā protrusions liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o nā loina. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano iʻa he nui, i loko o ka sterlet ka dorsal ka neʻe kokoke loa i ka ʻāpana caudal o ke kino. Loaʻa ka peʻa i kahi ʻano stabilgeon maʻamau, me ka lōʻihi o kona kaʻe ma luna o ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lalo.

ʻO ka keʻokeʻo maʻamau o ke kino o ka sterlet, ka ʻeleʻele hina-brown, me ka hoʻohui ʻia i kahi ʻano pale ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ke kala nui; i kekahi mau kauā hiki ke keʻokeʻo loa ia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe mai kahi stergeon ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea mua, ma kahi poli i hōʻoki ʻia a me ka hapa nui o nā pōpoki, ʻo ka huina o ka nui e hiki ke lilo ma mua o 50 mau ʻāpana.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

ʻO Sterlet kahi iʻa iʻa e noho kū wale ana i nā muliwai, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka noho ʻana i nā wahi wai maʻemaʻe pono ʻole me ka wai kahe. Hiki i ka manawa ke hele wale i ke kai, akā aia kahi i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻāina.

I ke kauwela, mālama ʻia ia i loko o ka wai pāpaku, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka wai momona i loko o nā ʻekuahi kuʻuna a i nā pila hoʻi kokoke i Estuaries. I ka wā lohi, hele ka iʻa ma ka lalo a moe i ka papaʻahe i kapa ʻia nā lua, kahi e ulu ai. I ke anu anuanu, e alakaʻi ana ia i kahi o nā mea hoʻonaninani: ʻaʻole ia e ʻele a ʻai ʻole i kekahi mea. Ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o ka hau, waiho ka sterlet i nā lua wai ma lalo o ka waihona wai a piʻi aku i ka muliwai e hoʻomau ai i kona ʻano.

He hoihoi kēia! ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o nā firmgeons, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he amateurs e alakaʻi i ke ola solitula, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka sterlet e noho i nā ʻohana nui. ʻOiai i loko o ka lua no ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ka waiho wale ʻana ʻo kēia iʻa, akā me ka hui o kāna mau hoahānau lehulehu.

Ma ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, hoʻokahi mau haneli mau kime mau manawa i ka hoʻoilo i ka manawa like. I ka manawa like, hiki ke paʻi paʻa ʻia a hiki ʻole iā lākou ke neʻe i nā hōʻili a me nā pā.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi sterletus?

Ke ola nei ʻo Sterlet, e like me nā kaona'ē aʻe āpau, no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka wā o kona ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe hiki i ka makahiki kanakolu. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā pūlima wai like, i ka wā i hala ai ke makahiki he 80 a keu paha, hewa paha ke kapa ʻia he kenekulia ma waena o nā mea o kona ʻohana.

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano

Hoʻopau ʻole loa ka male ʻana i kēia mea i loko o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā moemoeā wahine a me nā wahine o kēlā ʻano ma kēia ʻokoʻa a ma ke kino o ke kino a i ka nui. ʻO ke kino o nā wahine, e like me ke kino o nā kāne, ua uhi ʻia me ka hiʻona, nā iwi like ʻole, ka nui o ka iwi, a me ka nui o nā unahi he like ʻole i waena o nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ʻo Sterlet i nā kahe e kahe ana i loko o ka Pōʻele, Azov a me Caspian. ^ E Ha yM. Aia pū kekahi ma nā kahawai kūkulu ʻākau, ma ka laʻana, ma Ob, Yenisei, a me nā Dvina ʻĀlelo, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā loina o Ladoga a me Onega. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonaʻau ʻia maoli kēia iʻa i nā muliwai e like me ka Neman, Pechora, Amur a me Oka a ma nā wahi nui o kahi mau waihona kō.

Hiki i ka Sterlet ke noho wale ma nā wahi kai me nā wai kahe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ʻoiai ke makemake i ka noho ʻana ma nā waikahe me nā ʻāina lepo a i ʻole ka pohō. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo nā wahine e noho kokoke i lalo o ka waihona wai, aʻo nā kāne eʻauʻau ana i ka pou o ka wai a ma ka laulā, alakaʻi i kahi ola ʻoi loa.

Hoʻomāi kūloko

ʻO Sterlet kahi mea e hānai ai, hānai pinepine, ma nā invertebrates aquatic liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai o kēia iʻa, ʻo nā mea hoʻonaninani lalo, e like me nā hua pepeke manuahi, me nā amphipods, nā ʻano mollusks a me nā pupu liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi e noho nei ma lalo o ka waihona. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka sterlet mai ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē, e ʻai nui me ka leʻaleʻa. Hiki i nā mea nui o kēia ʻano ke ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, akā i ka manawa like e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea waiwai nui.

He hoihoi kēia! Ma muli o ka waiwai o ka sterlet wahine i ke ola benthic, a ʻo nā kāne e ʻau ana i ka wai ākea, nā iʻa like ʻole o nā kāne like ʻole. ʻImi nā wahine i ka meaʻai i ka lalo o ka ʻōpū, a ʻo nā kāne i ʻalopau ma loko o ka pahu wai. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sterlet e ʻimi i ka pōʻeleʻele.

ʻAi i ka waʻa a me nā ʻōpiopio i nā mea plankton holoholona a me nā microorganisms, e hoʻonui iki i kā lākou ʻai me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi a laila laila ʻo nā invertebrates nui.

Pahu a keiki

ʻO ka manawa mua loa, aia ke aniani i ka hoʻomaka ʻana no ka liggeon: ʻo 4-5 nā kāne, a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi ma ka 7-8 mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, hoʻonui hou ʻo ia i 1-2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pulupulu o mua.

Pono kēia manawa hana i ka wahine e ola hou ai mai ka “hānau mua”, ka mea i kapa nui ʻia i ke kino o nā luna o kēia ʻohana.

Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu no kēia iʻa i ka hopena o ka puna a i ke kauwela mua paha - ma kahi, mai ka mid-Mei a hiki i ka hopena, i ka manawa o ke kahe o ka wai i loko o ka puʻu e hōʻea ana mai 7 a 20 mau kekelē, ʻoiai ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa no ka spawning he 10 -15 kūloko. Akā i kekahi manawa ke hoʻomaka nei nā spawning ma mua a i ʻole ma mua o kēia manawa: i ka hoʻomaka mua Mei a i ka waena o Iune. ʻO kēia paʻa no ka manaʻo i ka mahana o ka wai no ke hakakā a ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia kumu no kekahi kumu a i ʻole. Eia nō hoʻi, ke hoʻomaka ka hakilo ʻana i ka lepa i ka wai, i loko o ka wai wai kahi e hoʻopilikia ai ʻo ia.

ʻAʻole i hoʻouna ʻia ka hôkela e noho ana ma Volga i ke kuahiwi i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ^ E Ha yM. E ola ana nā mea e noho ana ma ke kahawai kahawai ma mua o ka poʻe i makemake e noho i lalo. O keia ke kumu o ka haule ana o ka iʻa o keia mau iʻa i ka pahu nui loa, a e hoomaka ana i ka wai o luna o ka mua ma mua o ka lalo. Pau ka pipi i ka caviar ma nā wahi he nui ka wai a ʻōpū ka lalo. Heʻaʻa nui ko ia: ʻo ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia e ka wahine ma hoʻokahi manawa ke hiki ke 16,000 a ʻoi paha.

ʻO ka hua maʻa, waiho ʻia ma lalo, hoʻomohala no kekahi mau lā, ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana o ka palaoa. I ka lā ʻumi o ke ola, ke nalowale nei ka sac yolk, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka sterile liʻiliʻi e pili ana i 1.5 cm.ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā ʻano ʻōpiopio o kēia ʻano ua like i like me ke ʻano o nā kanaka pākeke. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha o ke koʻi i ka huluhulu, a he halihali ʻia, a ʻo nā ʻāpana polā he like like i ka nui. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko lākou mau lehelehe lalo i ʻelua, e like me nā pakeke makua. ʻO ka ʻāpana o luna o ke poʻo i nā iʻa ʻōpio o kēia ʻano ʻōpiopio e uhi ʻia me nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonaninani ʻia ka poli o ka wai ʻaole ma mua o kona mau mākua makua, ʻo ka ʻeleʻele ma ka huelo o ke kino o nā makahiki.

No ka wā lōʻihi, e noho mau nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma kahi a lākou i ʻoki aku ai i nā hua. A i ka hāʻule wale wale nō, hiki i ka nui o 11-25 cm, hele lākou i ka delta muliwai. I ka manawa like, ulu nā sterlets o nā ʻokoʻa like i ka pae like: ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine mai ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa like o kēlā me kēia ma ka nui, ʻoiai naʻe, like like ko lāua mau kala.

He hoihoi kēia! Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Sterlet me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana firmgeon, e like me nā ʻano ʻano ʻano paʻa o ka kūkaʻi, no ka laʻana, ʻo Siberian a me Rūlūlū paʻa a i ʻole stellate stellate stabilgeon. A mai ka beluga a me ka waiwai i ka makahiki 1950 o ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua iwakālua, ua kālai ʻia kekahi ʻano huaʻai hou.

ʻO ka waiwai o kēia mau ʻano palu ma muli o nā mea, e like me ka beluga, ulu maikaʻi a loaʻa iā ia ka momona. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like me ka wā o ka belask lawena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me ka sterlet, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wā puberty, e hiki ai i ka wikiwiki ke hoʻopiʻi o kēia mau iʻa i ka pio ʻana.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Me waiwai nui ka honua kai loko o ka wai noho ʻole. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka iʻa he mau tausani he ʻumi. Akā aia kekahi o lākou i loaʻa i ka inoa hanohano o "aliʻi". Pākuʻi kēia kūlike iʻa moku. ^ E Ha yM. No ke aha hoʻi a no ke kumu ʻo ia i loaʻa ai i kēlā poʻo inoa? ʻO kēia kahi mea e nānā ai.

Inā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka moʻolelo o ka lawaiʻa o nā wā i hala aku nei, ʻo ia mau mea liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kekahi o lākou, ua lilo i haʻaheo o ka poʻe pōno i hopu iā lākou, a hiki ma ke kokoke o ʻelua paha ka lōʻihi, a ua kau ko lākou kino ma kahi o 16 kg. E hoʻohuli ʻē paha kēia ʻano maʻamau i kēia ʻano, a i ʻole nā ​​manawa i hoʻololi wale ʻia i nā manawa.

Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sterletole o ko mākou mau lā, e ʻoi aku ka male, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻilihune ma mua o nā mea i ʻike ʻia o ka wahine wahine. ʻO nā maʻamau maʻamau o kēlā iʻa i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka hapalua mika, a ʻo ka laulā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 kg. A ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻo nā ʻano pākēneka o 300 g a me kahi nui ʻaʻole keu 20 cm e noʻonoʻo e maʻamau.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau mea noho i lalo o ka wai a ʻokoʻa ʻole a ʻokoʻa ʻole i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka nui o ka iʻa i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī he nui. ʻO ka piko, elongated, cone-form obverse o ka sterlet e pau ana i kahi piʻi nui i luna, kuhikuhi a elongated. Hoʻopili lākou i ka hopena, ua lōʻihi kona lōʻihi i ke poʻo o ka iʻa ʻē.

Akā i kekahi mau kumu ʻaʻole kaulana loa, ʻanoʻai. Ma lalo o lalo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia, kahi hāʻule e like me ka palu ma hope. A hōʻike pū ʻia ka lua i ka maka ma nā maka liʻiliʻi e kū ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

ʻO ka waha he slot, me he mea lā e hōʻoki ʻia mai ka lalo o ka maka, aia kona lehelehe lalo, he bifurcated, he ʻano nui ia o kēia mau mea hana. ʻO kā lākou ka wili i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpanaʻolu i ʻoki ʻelua i ka ʻelua, me ka ʻaoʻao o luna o kāna ʻōpala ke hoʻohālikelike hou aku i ko lalo.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe o ia iʻa ʻo ka hala ʻana o nā pauna ma ke kino lōʻihi me nā pupu hina maikaʻi o ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau no mākou. Hoʻololi ia e nā pale pale iwi. Aia ka nui loa o lākou e kū nei i nā lālani lōʻihi.

ʻO kaʻoi loa nui, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā pupu a loaʻa ke ʻano o ka neʻe mau ʻana o ka nalu e like me nā pōpoki dorsal me kēia mau mea kupanaha. Mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ke ʻike ʻia i kekahi poʻe kiaʻi. A ʻelua mau palena ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpū, kahi nui a pale ʻole.

I kēlā mau wahi o ke kino o ka iʻa inā ʻaʻohe lālani o nā palaha nui, he papa liʻiliʻi wale nō e uhi i ka ʻili, a i kekahi manawa ua ʻōwili wale nei. I ka pōkole, ʻike maoli nā mea ola.Akā ʻo ka hapa nui e wehewehe ʻole, hikiʻole ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou helehelena, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e nānā i loko o ka pahu photo.

No ka hapa nui, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kua o kēlā mau iʻa kahi ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli hina, a he māmā hoʻi ka ʻōpū me ka yellowness. Akā hilinaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana. Aia nā kala o ke kala o ka asphalt i ka ua i ka ua a hina paha, ka mea i lohi iki kekahi.

ʻAe, ʻo kēlā iʻa, e like me nā lono, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Eia kekahi, he nānā maʻamau loa ka sterlet. ʻAʻole naʻe kā mākou kūpuna i kapa iā lākou he "aliʻi" no kēia. Akā no ka mea, ua ʻōlelo mau ʻia kēia iʻa kahi elite elite, lawelawe ʻia ma ka papa ma loko o nā hale aliʻi wale nō, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi i kēlā me kēia lā, akā nā lā hoʻomaha wale nō.

Ua palena mau ʻia kāna hopu, a ʻo nā lawaiʻa wale nō ʻaʻole i moeʻuhane e hoʻāʻo e hoʻāʻo i ka mea liʻiliʻi o kahi mea i loaʻa iā lākou. Ua mahalo ʻia kēia mea nani me ka stabilgeon. Akā he aha nā ʻano o ia mau ʻano ʻelua, ʻo kēlā me kēia mai nā wā kahiko o ke kūlana hanohano? ʻO ka mea maoli, he mau ʻohana lākou i ka ʻohana lehulehu, ma ka ʻāpana ʻelima.

ʻO kā mākou iʻa ʻānō he ʻāpana o lākou a ka poʻe ichthyologists a me kahi ʻano maʻamau i kapa ʻia he solidgeons. He ʻano manuahi wale nō ʻo Sterlet, a me kona mau hoahānau, e like me ka ka helu i ʻae ʻia ʻia, nā stellate stellate, beluga, spike a me nā iʻa kaulana.

He ʻano kahiko kēia o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka honua o ka honua no nā millennia he nui. Ma kahi o nā ʻike archaeological, ʻike ʻia kēia kūlana e nā hōʻailona ākea waho a me loko o nā hōʻailona kikoʻī o kona mau ʻelele.

ʻO ka kikoʻī loa, ʻaʻohe o ka iwi he iwi iwi, akā, loaʻa iā ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka cartilaginous e hana ana i nā hana kākoʻo. ʻAi kekahi o lākou iwi, a neʻe ʻia ke kōpau mai ka cartilage. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka mau paʻa mau i kaulana no ko lākou nui nui.

ʻO nā paona kūikawā me kahi lōʻihi eono i hiki ke kaupaona a hiki i 100 kg. Eia nō naʻe, eia naʻe loko mai kona ʻohana e pili ana i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka ihu ka paʻa, a ʻoi aku ka māhuahua o ke poʻo ma mua o nā lālā o nā ʻano ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e mākou. ʻOkoʻa nō kēia mau kānaka noho i lalo o ka nui o nā pale pale iwi ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao.

Aia no ka sterlet, ua ʻike ʻia kona mau ʻano ʻelua. A me ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou i ke kaana o ka ihu. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki i ka ʻona a pōkole paha ke lōʻihi. Wahi a kēia, ua kāhea ʻia kā mākou iʻa: blunt a kuhikuhi paha. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua o ia mau ʻano wale nō i ka hiʻohiʻona, akā i nā hiʻohiʻona.

ʻO nā manawa o ka wā hope ka mea i hiki i ka neʻe, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke aniani a me ka loli ʻana i ka manawa o ke ao, me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea leʻaleʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā walaʻau a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, e hana ai iā lākou.

ʻO ka mea hoʻopili ma kahi o nā mea e makemake e hūnā mai nā pilikia o ka honua ma lalo o nā hale kūʻai. E makaʻala loa ia, no laila loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa ke loaʻa iki ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke lilo i mau ʻapo i lilo i maʻa, akā no kēia ʻano lawaiʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ʻia.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Ma muli o ka nui o ka noho ʻana o ka sterlet i ka kolamu wai a i ʻole kokoke i ka lalo o nā kaila, he liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi kūwili o kēia mau iʻa..

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ka pilikia nui e nā poʻe pākeke, akā ka cortar sterlet a me ka pīpī, kahi e ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā ʻohana firmgeon e noho nei i nā māla o ka punetala. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka loko iʻa a me ka beluga e hōʻike ai i ka pōʻino nui loa i ka wai.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Mamua, ʻehiku mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka sterlet kekahi o nā ʻano nui a me ka pōmaikaʻi, akā a hiki i ka wā i puhi ʻia ai ka wai i ka wai, me ka lawaiʻa pono ʻole. No laila kekahi manawa i ka inoa i kēia iʻa ma ka Red Book i mea e hopohopo ʻia, a e like me ka helu o ka honua i nā mea i mālama ʻia, e hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā "ʻano manuʻa".

ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa

Ma ka waenakonu o ka kenekulia 20, ua manaʻo ʻia ka sterlet iʻa ka nui o nā iʻa maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pā mua o ka hopu ʻana, i ka wā he 40 mau mea ʻoi i mau me hoʻokahi makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa, pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka sterlet i loko o ka nohona kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole e hana. Eia naʻe, hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o kēia iʻa ma ke kūʻai aku, i ʻole a ʻōlala paha, a ʻōlelo paʻakai, ʻū ʻia a ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai ʻai. ʻAuhea a laila e hele mai ai ke kumukūʻai inā ʻike hopu ʻia ia i nā muliwai a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kuleana ʻole?

E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:

ʻO ka mea maoli e mālama nei i nā poʻe e hana nei i nā hana kaiapuni ʻole i makemake ʻole i ka leʻaleʻa e nalo mai ke alo aku o ka Honua e like me ka mea e hoʻomaka ai ka holoholona i kekahi manawa hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēia iʻa i loko o ka mahiʻai i hana ʻia no kēia mau kumu. A, inā i hana mua ʻia kēia mau kaʻina e mālama i ka sterlet me he mea lā he nui, i kēia manawa ua lilo kēia iʻa, i hānau ʻia ma ka hoʻoili ʻana, ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻāla ʻana a nā loilo o ka lawehala kahiko i pili me kēia iʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻona, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa ʻāpiki i ʻoi aku ka mea i ulu i loko o nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mahiʻai o nā iʻa no ka sterlet ʻaʻole wale e ola e like me kekahi mea hoʻohua, akā e lilo hou i lilo i mea kūʻai maʻamau maʻamau, e like me kēia mau makahiki i hala.

He hoihoi kēia! ʻO ka paukī, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano kaona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kāna mea liʻiliʻi, akā i ka neʻe ʻana aku i ka puberty ma mua o nā mea paʻa.

ʻO kēia, a me ka manaʻo maoli he loko, ka laulet i ka ʻai, a hoʻāla ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke pio a hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano hou o ka iʻa kūmole, e like me ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa. A no laila, ʻoiai ka mea i kēia manawa he mau mea make i ka mea i ʻaʻa ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa i ka sterlet i ke ola maikaʻi o ke ola ʻana he ʻano nui. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe i ka lawaiʻa o kēia iʻa mai ka maka o ka Honua, a no laila, ua lawe ʻia nā hana kūlima a pau e mālama i ka sterlet.

ʻO Habitat a me biology

ʻO Sterlet kahi ʻano wai hou me ka nui o nā wai i loaʻa i loko o nā loko nui. Aia ka noho ʻana o lalo a me nā ʻāpana o nā kahe, mālama mau ʻia ia ma nā wahi o nā ʻōpū, hohonu i loko o ka wai kahawai. Loaʻa nā poʻe liʻiliʻi i ka wai pāpū lau.

Aia nā plawning spawning ma ka moena o ka muliwai, i ka hohonu o 7 a 15 mau mika, a i ʻole ma ka puna wai i loko o nā kahawai wai, ma luna o kahi pali a ma lalo o lalo, gravel-sandy lalo. ʻO ka maʻamau ka noho mau o ka sterlet a hana ʻole i ka hele lōʻihi. Ke kūlohelohe nei, hōʻea nā kāne i ka wā puberty e 3-6 mau makahiki, 1-2 mau makahiki ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO nā kūlana kūleʻa o ka ʻōnaehana recirculation, me ka kaohi o ke pāhana, ke kukui, ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka iʻa (a hiki i 2 mau makahiki). Nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni: ke kauwela - 6 - 29 ° C, ke kauʻana o ka oxygen i hoʻoneʻe ʻia - 4,5 - 11.5 mg / l. Hōʻike pololei i ke oxygen me ka mahana.

Ke noho maʻamau

Koho ʻo Sterlet i nā wahi hohonu loa o nā wai wai no ke ola. ʻO ka pinepine ka loaʻa ma ka lalo a noho malū. Hoʻoholo pū ka hope ʻoi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o kahi pūnaehana pōkole. I ke ahiahi a me ka pō, hiki iā ia ke hele i loko o ka wai pāpaku mai ke kahakai, kahi e hānai ai iā ia.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka sterlet he "makemake" i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka cartilaginous, ma ka maʻemaʻe, ke anuanu a me ka kahe wikiwiki. ʻAʻole makemake ke koʻokoʻo me ka iʻa. I loko o nā wā mahana, hiki ke ʻike i ka hapalua-wai a kokoke i ka maka.

Noho liʻiliʻi ʻo ka mokuʻāina hoʻokahi hoʻokahi - he iʻa i ka lehulehu a e makemake i ka hui ʻana o kāna ʻano ʻano like ʻole. E neʻe ana (mai ka puna a hiki i ka hāʻule) ma ka muliwai no ka lōʻihi mamao. ʻO nā māhu ma nā lua hohonu i loko o nā helu he nui, ka mea i loko o lākou i kahi mākaukau. ʻO kēia ke kumu no kona hopu ʻia ʻana mai ka hau.

Caviar a me ke kāne male

ʻO ka manawa incubation ma 15 ° C kahi 6 mau lā (145 mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana). Ma hope koke o ka hili ʻana, ua pani ʻia ke pānaʻi ʻai nui ʻia a hoʻopiha piha ʻia i nā mea momona (mauʻu o nā ʻeke ʻoki). Ma ka lua o ka lā, wehe ʻo larva i kona waha. Ma waena o 8 a 9 mau lā, pili kahi pilina ma waena o ka waha a me ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai ua esragus ka esophagus i ka meaʻai. I ka lā 9, e lilo ka palaoa i ka meaʻai exogenous, a pili kēia hana me ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka melanin plugs. ʻAʻole like ka nui o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i kahi ʻano momona like ʻole i ka manawa larval, ʻo ka larva sterlet mai ka endogenous koke koke i ka meaʻai exogenous. No laila, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i ka pauku a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cant melanin he mea ʻole ia. I ka pio, hiki i kahi kāne ke 10-lā ke hānai i kahi pāʻauʻau ʻokiʻoki.

Mea ʻai

ʻIke wale ʻia he kauliki i ʻelua mau hebedoma e ʻai i nā mea i loko o kā lākou huki. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou iho me nā ciliates, nā mea hoʻopalapiha mikroskopika a me nā hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai i loko o ke kahawai wai, kahi e hānai ai lākou, ka hānai i ka nui a me ka ikaika. Hoʻohana kēia manawa i ka hopu ʻana i nā pōkoki mekiu, nā mea waena. I ka manawa like, ʻai nui lākou i ke ʻano a piha lākou me ka caviar.

I ke kauwela, i ka ʻai o kēia iʻa, ma muli o ka wahi a me ke kō, nā wai inu, nā melemele melemele, nā ʻōpala koko, nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā amphipods, nā mana o ka caddis. Ma ka wā e wā hele ai, e huli ka iʻa i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpio a me nā hua ʻino manuahi. ʻOi aku ka iʻa nui i nā iʻa, nā leeches, mollusks.

ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka ʻoliva

He holoholona koʻikoʻi ʻo Sterlet. He hopu ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻupena, nā loko lawaiʻa, nā kolo a me nā ihe. ʻO ka maʻamau, kūʻai ʻia ka iʻa i ke ola, heʻuʻuku loa, kāhea, hoʻāla a ʻawa. ʻO ka momona Sterlet ka mea ʻono loa i waena o nā firmgeons. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kuʻuna o kēia ʻano e loaʻa i kahi maikaʻi loa, kahi ʻano mua mai ka beluga wahine. He momona kekahi o nā ʻōpiopio, a mai lākou nā palapala aku o ka hanauna ʻelua a ma hope aʻe me nā mea kūpono e loaʻa ana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Sterlet ma ke pio ʻana a hōʻea i ka wā ʻōpiopio i loko o nā ipu i piha i ka wai mahana. ʻO ka mōʻaukala hana kūlohelohe lā i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kenekulia. I ka makahiki 1869, ua hana kuʻāina ʻo Akademia F.V. Ovsyanikov, e hoʻohana i ka semen mai ka Russian firmgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) a me ka stellate stabilgeon (Acipenser stellatus), i hoʻopōleʻa kūleʻa i nā hua o ka sterlet Acipenser ruthenus. Ua wānana mua ʻo ia no ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mahiʻai. Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻoihana kalepa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ulu ʻana i ka wahine, a me ka liʻiliʻi, a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka broodstock, ua ulu ka nui o ka aquaculture mai 50,000 tons i ka 2003 a 170,000 tons i 2006. Eia ke kolu o kēia ka nui kūkaʻi kūmole. Kūkulu ʻia ma nā ʻāina 15, me ka mea hana kūlohelohe o ka caviar a me ka ʻiʻo firmgeon - Russia a me Iran.

No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka sterlet, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pāla lāʻau, kahi i waiho ʻia i loko o nā hale waihona waiwai. ʻO ka iʻa "e pili ana" i kēia manawa a pau. I ke ao, ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka papakū o lalo o ka wai, e kū ana i ka maka i ka pō a, ʻo ia kahi pū aniani, ākea no ka ʻūlū ʻana.

ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka sterlet he + 22 ° C. Inā e waiho i lalo ma + 0.3 ° C, make ka iʻa. Mālama ʻo ia i loko o nā cages mai lalo a me nā paia - kahi nui i hānai ʻia i loko o ka koloa wai e nānā ʻole.

ʻO ke kaʻina o ka ulu ulu ʻana e komo:

• ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā mea hana i loko o nā cages, ua pākeke kēia mau mea, ʻo ka ʻoihana ʻōpio - ua paʻa loa ʻia lākou i kēlā mau wahi o ka lawaiʻa a lawe ʻia i ka wahi kūpono.
• a i ole e hana ana i nā mea hana: hana ʻia kēia inā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i lawe ʻia, ulu lākou ma luna o nā māla ponoʻī iā lākou iho, ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai a hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hanahana sterlet,
• a i ʻole ke kūʻai ʻana i ka caviar, ua hana ʻia inā pili wale ka pāʻai i ka mahiʻai iʻa a me nā lau e hana me nā mea hana,
• ka huina o nā hua: kahi hana e mālama ʻia ai nā hua ma lalo o nā ʻano, a ma hope ke ʻano o nā lālule ma luna o lākou.
• ka hānai ʻana i ka palaoa: i ka manawa like ua hana lākou i ka hānai me nā meaʻai i koho ʻia, i ka ʻai mea aia mua nā mea kanu, ʻoi ʻia a paʻa i ka agar, a laila i hoʻohui ʻia i ka dreisser, iʻa mau ʻia.
• kau hoʻoilo o ka ʻō i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo,

ʻO ka hana o ka ulu ʻana o ka sterlet i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ke ʻano ʻoi loa ka hopena ma kēia ʻoihana. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o nā wai ākea, no ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻohuli ʻia i loko i nā loko i hoʻomoʻo ʻia ai ka wai.

Hoʻohana

ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu o Sterlet he 88 kcal. ʻO ka ʻai Sterlet ka mea zinc, chromium, fluorine, molybdenum, nickel, chlorine, a me ka vitamina PP. ʻO ka caviar a me ka ʻiʻo sterlet ka mea momona o omega-3, e hana pono i ka hana lolo a me ka lele o ke koko. Ke hoʻomau nei i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ma ke kūlana maikaʻi loa a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea ʻai e ʻai ai i ka sterlet 2-3 mau manawa i hoʻokahi pule.

Aia nā hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa aʻaʻai i nāwaliwali o kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka psoriasis, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike a me ka hana ʻana o ka lolo. ʻOi ka nui o ka fluoride i kēia iʻa e kōkua ai i ka ulu iwi.

A kūpono ʻo Sterlet no ka aspic, iʻa a iʻa, e like me ka hoʻopiha, kulebyak a me nā mea pie, hiki iā ia ke ʻī ʻia a kālua ʻia i ka puʻu. I ka manawa like, inā pono kahi sterlet i ke ʻano o kahi palupalu, a ma hope o ka hōʻoki ʻana, pono ia e kāhiko - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana me ia. A hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻili o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā iwi.

Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa

I ka wā o ka momona momona ma hope o ka plawing, hiki ke hopu ʻia i ka donka me kahi huʻina hana hōʻeha. He kaʻina ala maikaʻi hou kēia, no ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi nui o ka leʻaleʻa (he mau palena!) A mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā iʻa. I kēia manawa, hele koke ka sterlet a kokoke i kahakai a hoʻolei i ka ukana kaumaha o ke maule ma kahi kūpono ʻaʻole paʻakikī.

I kahi manawa ma ke kauwela, nā pipi, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻolei ʻia i kahi mamao loa aku, ʻoi aku ka hana, ʻoiai ke neʻe aku ka sterlet ma kahi kokoke i nā rapids. Pono e kau ʻia ma ka noʻonoʻo pono ka nui o ka ukana, i ʻole e nāʻu i luna. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻolei ʻana i ia luhi me ke kōkua o kahi kī lawaiʻa ikaika me ka palaoa nui (cyprinids, catfish). E kōkua pū ka "Oak" i loko a i ʻole Kaina paha e hoʻolei i ka ukana. Hiki iā "pens", akā ke lele ʻole a lele loa.

He maʻalahi hoʻi ka bait - ka wū a i ʻole ka lepo lepo. Eia nō naʻe, inā makemake ka hopu ʻana i kahi mea nui aku, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i ka pīni. ʻO 3-5 cm ka liʻiliʻi, lawa ka nui, he mauola pōmaikaʻi no kahi pākaha nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he predator. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu i ka pīpī me kahi "stocking" a i ʻole "kani".

Ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana, hiki ke ʻoki i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Ma hope mai, ʻo "hopu ka huki" hiki pinepine ʻia i ka pō. ʻO ka maʻamau ma hope o ka pouli a ma ka pō. He wiwo ʻole ka holo o ka sterlet, akā no ka manawa pokole. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i ka ʻeha a wikiwiki koke i ka pahu. No ke kumu like, ke hakakā nei, ke hōʻole nei ia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe o kona nui.

Mai poina e loaʻa kahi pahuhopu ākea a nui nā sterlet. Inā huki ʻoe iā ia ma hope, hiki i kou lima ke ʻeha nui. ʻO ka hele ʻana i nā pupu e pono e hoʻoholo i ka wā e koho ai i ka mānoanoa a me ka loa o ka ʻihi. ʻAʻole hana kūpono nā lewa ma mua o 0.25 mm a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 40 cm. ʻAʻole pili nui ka hala o nā leʻaleʻa, akā mai ka ʻike pilikino he mea nui loa ia e noho i nā leele ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole ia e maopopo pehea e wehewehe ai iā lākou i ka hohonu o ka pō, akā he mea ʻoiaʻiʻo.

ʻO ke koho o ka papa hoʻokele pili i ka ʻike. Akā nā loiloi ākea kahi mea like me kēia: ka wikiwiki, nā wahi hohonu me kahi papahele a one. A me nā honu ʻole me nā ruffs, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻokō i ka hilahila piha.

Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana, noho ka pili o ke kaila i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka caviar hou he mua loa ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻala keʻokeʻo. Ma ka poʻe like ʻole, ka mea i ʻike ʻole ai i kahi kūpono no ka palahalaha, ua hana ʻia nā huahana reproduction kahiko i kahi kaʻina o ka metamorphosis hoʻoweliweli, ʻike ʻia ʻole kēia hopena o ke olakino o ka iʻa.I nā kūlana ʻelua, aneane ke kahe o ka hou i kona nui maʻamau ma hope o nā hebedoma 2-3, e hoʻohuli i ka brownish-hina, ma kahi huaʻōlelo, lawe i ke ʻano o kahi kao like, a hele i ka wā e hāʻule ai a ʻike ʻia ma o ka ʻōpū o ke kuʻekuʻe i loko o ke ʻano o kahi lua manamana. ʻO kēia kūlana ke kumu o ka manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole, maʻamau i waena o nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, ua miniki ʻo ka sterlet i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki - i ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻulu.

Ma ka pōkole ka manawa e hānai ai i ka pūnāwai o ka wai, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela ua hoʻomaka ia e iho i lalo o ka wai a hiki mai ma luna a me ka liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iʻa i kaʻeha lohi, ʻoi loa ia no ka mea e hele pinepine ana i nā kumukūʻai, ma nā ʻaoʻao one, ʻoi aku ka pō, a hoʻomau ka hānai. Ma ka wā e hala ai, he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka pahu ala e kū nei no ka spawning, a hōʻiliʻili nui ka nui o kēia iʻa i loko o nā lua a ma lalo o nā pā o ka Volga haʻahaʻa, kahi i ulu ai ka honu i ka hohonu o 25 m, a moe wale i kekahi mau tier. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole naʻe ia eʻai i kekahi mea, ʻoiai naʻe, ka noʻonoʻo paha, ʻokoʻa ka moemoe o ka hoʻoilo o ka sterlet a ʻaʻole hohonu loa mai ka ʻōpū o nā iʻa ʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia i kēia manawa e nā mea i kapa ʻia. me ka slash. "

Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻona a me nā noho

Lila iʻa lau ʻia he nui nā ʻolua o ka pū ma ka ʻaoʻao, ma ka ʻōpū a me hope. A mai kona mau hoahānau hoʻi, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi lehelehe haʻalulu i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻeleʻele, hina, ka māmā ka tummy.

Koi - ʻai nui loa. ʻO ka nui o ka pākeke ke hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ke kaupaona ana he 15 kilokilo. Loaʻa pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano.

Ua hālāwai ʻo Siberian ma ke kula ʻo Yenisei iʻa ʻula ʻaʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lawaiʻa i kēlā wahi e hoʻohanohano pinepine nei i kahi hopu i ke ʻano o ka pahu i waiho aʻa a maikaʻi a makaʻala. Eia pū kekahi kūlike iʻa moku Ua ākea loa.

Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona he kumu waiwai nui i nā lawaiʻa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ua loaʻa nā haneli mau haneli mau haneli i ka makahiki iā Volga basin. A laila, i ka waena o ka waena o nā kenekulia, ua hōʻemi nui ka uluʻana o nā ʻanoʻano, e like me ka luku nui o nā kānaka a me ka hoʻoilo wai.

Akā, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, hoʻomaka hou ka lehulehu. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua pili kēia ʻano i kēia me nā hana mālama e mālama ʻia ma nā wahi āpau e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o nā ʻanoʻaoʻao.

I nā makahiki, ua hoʻohana ka hoʻohana o kēia ʻano mea i ka ʻai i ka laulā o pau kaʻa ʻaʻa loko. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e pili ana i ka ʻāina, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka iʻa sterlet ma nā ʻano like ʻole, akā e loli mau ana ka momona momona.

ʻAʻole wale ka mea o nā kīʻaha a me ka lawelawe ʻana, akā ke ʻano like nō ke ʻano o ka kuke ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka maiʻa i ka pahu, a hoʻopau ʻia me ka iʻa i kā ʻia ma ka umu me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā wā maʻamau.

Aia kekahi mau ʻōiwi a me nā heluna kānaka e pale ʻia nei. Ma ke ʻano o nā hana e mālama ai a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai a me ka hakakā ʻana me ka lawaiʻa ʻole i ʻae ʻole i hana ʻia.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā ʻano pili e pili ana i ka hopena o ka manawa Silurian - kahi ma kahi o 395 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ia i ka manawa o kahi hoʻololi lōlani koʻikoʻi i hana i nā poʻe prehistoric like-like: i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o nā kahe pakanui mua. ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa i ka lāʻau gill, ka mea i he kāʻei lima me ka hoʻopili pū kekahi, e kōkua ana i ke ʻano o ke kele ʻana i hoʻokahi pālua. ʻO ka hopena, he hoʻohālikelike o kahi mākaʻi. ʻO ka papa hana hope, ʻo ia ka pilina o ke cranium me ka ʻōpio kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi o lākou (ʻo ka pōkole haʻahaʻa i lalo) i noho mau ʻia.

Ma muli o nā hoʻololi i loaʻa i ka iʻa, ua hoʻohuli lākou i nā mea kahakaha maoli, ua ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai o kā lākou meaʻai. I kēlā manawa, hoʻopiʻi wale ʻia nā kūpuna o ka sterlet a me kekahi mau firmge. ʻO ke ʻano o ka sterlet - ʻo ia ka mea i ola ai a hiki i kēia lā, hana i 90-145 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he iʻa kēia mau iʻa ma ka dinosaurs. ʻO ka mea like ʻole e like me nā repehile prehistoric maikaʻi, lanakila lākou i kahi ʻano o nā pōpilikia honua a hiki i kēia manawa ke loli ʻole.

Hōʻike kēia i ka plasticity o ka iʻa, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano i ka nui. ʻO ka hiʻona o ka sterlet a me kekahi paʻa paʻa ka ʻona iā Mesozoic. A laila, ma waho o kekahi mau, ua ʻoki ʻia ka iʻa maʻa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻano like ʻehā, ua ola ʻo stabilgeon me ka pōmaikaʻi.

Sterlet pua a ola

ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka sterlet, ma muli o ke ka laulā ākea loa, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻia i ka noho ʻana o kekahi kanaka.

No laila, ma muli o ka nui o nā iʻa i pepehi ʻia e nā kānaka, a me ka hōʻemi a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i nā wahi e noho ana, e emi ana ka nui o ka lehulehu a hoʻonui i nā wahi like ʻole.

Ma ke kikowaena kikoʻī kaona ʻaila e hoʻomaka ana mai ka malama a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa. ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu e maʻamau i ka hopena o ka puna, i ka manawa e kū ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. ʻO ia, ua mākaukau nā wahine no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wā e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i 10 mau kiʻekiʻe. Ke kū nei kēia kūlana a hiki i ka 17-20 degere.

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka moliki ke hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā kūlana hydrological. No laila, he kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe, a he haʻahaʻa loa no kahi iʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono. Eia kekahi, makemake ʻo nā wahine e kahe ana i ka kahe mau o ka wai no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻewalu mau hola i hoʻokahi hola.

Hoʻokomo ka mea maʻi i ka makahiki o ke kuʻekuʻe. No laila, ʻo ka muli iho o ka mea kūlohelohe, liʻiliʻi ka hua e waiho. A, pela, pela. I nā helu, i ʻelima mau makahiki o ka helu hua moa ʻaila ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 tausani, a ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau makahiki ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa e waiho ma kahi o 60 tausani mau hua.

Liʻiliʻi nā hua ʻehā ma kahi nui - ma kahi o 2-3 ke anawaena ka laula. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻekolu makahiki ʻekolu. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa ka nui wahine i ka nui no ka spawning i nā makahiki 5, ua mākaukau nā kāne no ke kaʻina ma kahi o ka mau makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe.

He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻole nei nā wahine o kēia ʻano i ka wā nui. Akā, inā e hana ʻia kēia, me kēlā me kēia spawning ma hope, e holomua ka maikaʻi o ka caviar. Hiki i ketertere ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ke ola no ka lōʻihi - a hiki i ka 27-30 mau makahiki, akā naʻe, ʻokoʻa loa kēlā mau hihia.

ʻAuhea ke noho i ka sterlet?

ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ka mea e like ai ka sterlet?

ʻO ka noho home o ka sterlet ka muliwai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai: ʻ Blackleʻele, Caspian a me Azov. ʻIke ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka Northern Dvina. Mai nā muliwai Siberian- ma Ob, ʻo Yenisei. Pahu ka laulaha o ka sterlet i ke kahawai e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻohu o nā loko: Onega a me Ladoga. ʻO kēia mau iʻa i noho ʻia ma Oka, Nemunas (Neman) a me kekahi mau hale panuho. I nā kikoʻī hou loa - e pili ana i nā nohona ola ma nā hale noho nui loa.

• Northern and Western Dvina - sterlet acclimatized artificially i mālama i ka ʻano.
• Ob. Ua helu ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu ma ka waha o ka muliwai ʻo Barnaulka.
• Yenisei. Loaʻa ka piliki Sterlet mai lalo aʻe o ka waha o ka muliwai Angara, a me nā nihi mauʻana o ka muliwai.
• Nemunas (Neman), Pechora, Oka, Amur - i lawe ʻia mai i ka iʻa.
• ʻO Don, Ural - ʻaʻoleʻaila iki ka sterlet, ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi.
• Surah. Mai ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia 20, ua ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o ka lehulehu.
• Kama. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka sterlet ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka deforestation a me ka ʻoi ʻana o ka wai ma loko o ka muliwai ua maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe.
• Kuban. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ke kihi komohana hema loa o ka umauma sterlet. ʻO ka helu o ka sterlet he liʻiliʻi, akā e hoʻonui mālie.
• Kekuhihewa. ʻO ka nui o nā hipa i loaʻa i waena o ka kahe.

Noho ʻo Sterlet ma loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe wale, e makemake i ka lepo i uhi ʻia i ka ʻūhā a i nā ʻōpala paha. Noho kokoke nā wahine i lalo o ka pahu wai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kāne a hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka pou wai.

He aha nā mea e ʻaila ai?

Kuhi: Sterlet i ka hihiu

He kahalaha ʻo Sterlet. ʻO ke kumu o kāna meaʻai he invertebrates liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea pinepine loa, e hānai ana i nā holoholona ma lalo iho: nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā kino palupalu, nā koena, a me nā koikoi pepeke. No laila ke hauʻoli nei ka Sterlet a me ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. E hānai ana nā ʻōpiopio nui i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e pale ana i ka nui.

Mai ka noho ʻana o ka wahine ma lalo, a ʻo ka kāne maoli ke kau pū ʻana i ka pahu wai, ʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻai. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hopu hunilona ʻo ia ka maka. ʻO kaʻai ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōpio a me ka pākī he microorganisms a me ka plankton. Ke ulu ana ka iʻa, ua ʻokoʻa ʻia kāna “papa”.

Nāʻu ʻona ʻaina - wehewehe

Aia ʻo Sterlet i nā mea i kapa ʻia nā ʻano cartilaginous, ʻo nā unahi i ulu ai ka iwi. Hāpai kēia mau pale pale i ka ʻāpana o luna o kona kino umauma, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia me kahi huelo ikaika me kahi kaila kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona waho:

• he poʻo uʻi paʻa me nā snout elongated,
• ka hakahaka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ke ʻano nui)
• ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka poʻe dorsal i ke kāʻei,
• antennae me kahi "lālani" i nā kihi,
• ka lehu o ke kolala a me nā ʻaoʻao me kahi neʻe nui i ka waiho i ka keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo i ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

Maʻalahi ʻo Sterlet e huki me ka firmgeon, ʻoi aku ka kanu ʻia. ʻAʻole like ia me nā ʻano hihiu, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia kona maka, akā, nūnū iki ʻia, e like me ka hoahānau pili aloha. ʻO kēia paha kahi hopena o kā lākou hoʻokuʻi ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu kūlohelohe.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe, he mau loko liʻiliʻi ia, ʻaʻole nui e ulu ana i ka lōʻihi ma mua o 120 cm. ʻO ke ana nui ka umauma he 40-60 cm, a ʻo ka pālahalaha a 2 kg. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia aia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono loa hiki iā ia ke piʻi a hiki i 15 kg o ka paona me ka ulu ʻana o ka 120-130 cm.Aʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kekahi mau mea ʻuʻuna Siberian i ʻae ʻole i nā ichthyologists. ʻ claimlelo lākou ua hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā poʻe nui ʻē aʻe - hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mita "monsters" he 20 kg.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua nele ka paukū i ka hana dimorphism. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ua like lākou i ka like like, ke ʻano a me ke kala a me ke kino.

Aia ma kahi o ka nanea

Ma mua, ua loaʻa nā iʻa laulule ma nā hāmeʻa o ka ʻeleʻele, Azov, Barents, Caspian, White a me Baltic Seas. Ma nā ʻōlelo nui loa, ua loaʻa i ka Yenisei, Amur, Volga a me nā kahawai he nui ʻē aʻe o Rūsia, ma Lake Ladoga a me Onega, a he mea maʻamau loa ia no nā lawaiʻa, ʻoiai kona ʻano momona loa. Hiki i ka wahine hoʻokahi ke waiho i nā hua he 140,000, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia i hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka. ʻO paha ke kumu e waiho nei i ka haumia o nā kino wai i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā hana kanaka.

E loaʻa ana i ka Sterlet ke aʻa ma nā muliwai maikaʻi me ka kahe wikiwiki a me ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono oxygen maikaʻi. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i ke ʻano uluola hipa, ka hana ʻana o nā hui liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau poʻe he ʻumi. Ma ke kula hoʻokahi, hōʻiliʻili ka iʻa o ka iʻa like hoʻokahi a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka wahi pōkole (a hiki i 10 km) ke ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Ma ka maʻamau ʻo ia lākou e noho ai i kahi o ka waihona waiwai i hānau ai lākou, a mai hele a mamao loa ia. ʻO kahi hoʻohanohano ʻo ka paukū kahi e noho nei i nā kahawai o Kamchatka a me ka Caspian basin, no ka hānau ʻana, hiki ke piʻi aʻe i luna a hiki i luna.

I ke ao ʻana o ka lā, makemake nui kēia iʻa i ka hohonu ma ka palena o lalo, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, ua hoʻohuli ia i ka wai pāpū e hānai. Hoʻomaka kāna hana ʻai i ka pūnāwai, me ka hoʻomaka o ka wela mua, a kū a hiki i ʻOkakopa. Ma ka waena o ka hoʻoilo, e like me nā kū paʻa paʻa, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka sterlet i nā hipa he nui a oloka iho i nā lua hoʻoilo. Ma kahi pākuhi hoʻokahi, aia paha nā haneli o nā kānaka i hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi kūlana o ka hiamoe (i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka animala), kahi i lohi iki nā kaʻina a pau i ke kino. Ma muli o ka hiki ke komo i kēia moku'āina, ʻo ka iʻa ʻole me ka meaʻai e ola a hiki i ka pūnāwai.

ʻO 25 mau makahiki ka nui o ke ola o ke aniani he 25-30 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke ʻano makemake ʻia hiki iā ia ke ola a hiki i 70. I kekahi mau wai wai, ma muli o ka poaching a me ka hoʻopulapula i ke kaiapuni, nui nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i hiki ʻole i ka pīpī (5-6 mau makahiki).

Ke ʻano kai

No ka mea hoʻohana ke aniani, akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo e hānai wale i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ka aniani i kāna papaʻaʻai ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki, a ʻo ka kumu o ka meaʻai e waiho ana i nā ʻano ʻōnaehana lalo:

• pepeke pepeke, nā manu, nā pua, nā namu, nā kiki manu, nā manu paha,
• nā ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, nā kīʻaha wai.
• nā mollusks (zebra mussel, lithoglyph, shutter),
• nā pūpū liʻiliʻi (amphipod, daphnia, pale).

I nā makahiki mua o ke ola, plankton lawelawe i ka ʻai no ka sterlet, akā i ka ulu ulu ʻana, e hoʻomāhuahua ana kāna meaʻai ma muli o nā invertebrates a me nā crustaceans i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui pū ʻia. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā ka hoʻomaka ʻana ʻana o nā mea make o nā iniseti, hoʻololi ʻia ka makemake o ka iʻa. Kū pinepine ʻo ia i nā papale ma luna e loaʻa kālā mai nā nalo manu, kū ʻole ʻia i ka wai.

Spawning

Ua mākaukau ʻo Sterlet no ka hoʻouka ʻana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaka nā wahine ma ka 7-8 mau makahiki o nā makahiki, a ma nā kāne hānau i ka wā ʻōpiopio ʻoi aku ia - ma 4-5 mau makahiki. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ka wahine ma hope o ka spawning i 1-2 makahiki i mea e ola hou ai a loaʻa ka ikaika no ka "hānau" hou.

ʻO ke kuʻina pinepine pinepine i ka hapa o ka lua o Mei, akā hiki nō ke hana ʻia i ke kauwela kauwela. ʻO ka kau pae ʻana ka mea i hilinaʻi ʻia ma nā kūlana o ka wā: ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wela, ʻoi aku ka mua o ka puna wai. ʻO ka mahana wai kūpono no ka hānau ʻana mai 10 a 15 kiʻekiʻe.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pae wai i ka wai ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka manawa o ka pae ʻana o kēia ʻano. No ka hoʻohālikelike, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā Volga sterlet i ʻelua māhele. ʻO ka mea e ola nei i nā wai keʻu, a ʻo ka mea e noho ana ma lalo ke pae aku ma hope.

. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ka manawa incubation a hiki i 10 mau lā. O kekahi a me ka hapalua a ʻelua paha mau pule ma mua o ka nalo o kā lākou puliki a hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i kā lākou ʻai. ʻO kēia mau iʻa liʻiliʻi, he 1,5 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa loa mai ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ko lākou poʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā pua liʻiliʻi, he liʻiliʻi ko lākou waha, he like ka lōʻihi o ka antennae, he ʻeleʻele ka hope.

Noho ka poʻe ʻōpio ma kahi o lāua i hānau ai, a hiki i ka hāʻule, a laila hele i ke kahawai. I kēia manawa, ua ulu a ulu lākou i 15-25 cm a lilo i kumu o ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou ʻenemi nui - nā iʻa a me ka beluga.

Puu ʻanoʻano

Hoʻokumu ka lawaiʻa i ka sterlet i nā loko o ka wai i hoʻopihapiha ʻia a i nā loko paha i lako ʻia i nā mea āpau e pono ai. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka ʻike kūkaʻi pololei ʻoi aku, ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ai i ka pae oxygen ma ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mg / l. He mea kūpono hoʻi e mālama i ka mahana. No ka sterlet, kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa e noʻonoʻo ʻia no ka wai i hoʻomoʻi ʻia ma ka 18-22 degere.

ʻO ka hoʻōla me ka hoʻōla ʻana o kēia iʻa me ke kōkua ʻana i nā ʻenehana o kēia wā, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai, hoʻoinu ʻia me ka oxygen, wela iā ia inā pono, e kau i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai kūlohelohe a manu hoʻi e hoʻohana hou me ia ke hoʻoemi i nā uku. ʻO ka pilikia nui loa no nā limahana lawaiʻa ʻo ka sterlet ka hana maʻamau i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea ʻai. Ke kūleʻa ʻia kēia mau ulu, hoʻomaka ka iʻa ma ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki a i ka 10 mau mahina huli ia mai kahi mea liʻiliʻi e waiho ana i ka hapa nui o ke kūpaʻa ka hapa.

Rula no ka koho ʻana i ka iʻa

ʻO ka loko maikaʻi loa iʻa iʻa. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe kānalua i kona hou. Akā he aha inā inā kūʻai wale ana ka hale kūʻai i nā kalana kūloko? I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ko lākou ʻano, pono ʻoe:

1. E nānā i nā maka, pono lākou e ʻoluʻolu, me ka uhi ʻole keʻokeʻo.
2. E nānā ma lalo o ka uhi gill. Hāpai nā iʻa i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole palū, hina.
3. E kaomi i ke kupapaʻu me kou manamana lima. No kahi huahana maikaʻi, e puka koke ke kele.
4. Pomi i ka huahana e hōʻoia i nā mea ʻala ʻole i hōʻike ʻole i kona ʻano "elemakule".

Nā lawaiʻa ʻōlani

Ua lōʻihi kēia ʻano o ka iʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book a ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ma laila. Akā no ka mea lawena sterlet no ka hapa nui i papa ʻia, a i kekahi mau ʻāina i palena ʻia e nā kānāwai paʻa. ʻO kēlā lawaiʻa e pono ai i kahi laikini.

I kēia hihia, ʻo nā lawaiʻa pakeke nui wale nō i ka nui o nā māka ʻaʻole he ʻumi i ʻae ʻia e hopu. A aia wale nō ka mea hoihoi wale nō i ka mea haʻuki, a ma hope iho e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka waiwai pio. Akā he mea maʻamau ʻole ka haki ʻana i ke kānāwai, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻimi.

Ma ia ʻano ʻoi ʻole ka lilo ʻana i pilikia a hōʻino nui ʻia i ka poʻe kānaka liʻiliʻi o ka paukū. Ke kau nei nā palena nui ma ka hana kalepa. A ʻo kēlā iʻa, ka mea i hele i nā hale kūʻai, a mālama ʻia i ka poʻe aloha i ka meaʻai "aliʻi" i loko o nā haleʻaina, ʻo ka pinepine ke loaʻa ʻole i nā ʻano kūlohelohe, akā e ulu pono ana i nā māla kūikawā.

Ma Amur, Neman, a me Oka kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā poʻe loea, ua hana ʻia nā hana kūikawā. Ua hānai ʻia ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻano hana loiloi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ka pāka uila i ulu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano o ka wai o nā wai i hōʻike ʻia.

ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi

Hāʻawi nā kūpuna i kēia iʻa i ka inoa ʻo "ʻulaʻula". ʻAʻole naʻe ma muli o ke kala, i ka wā kahiko i kapa ʻia nā mea nani a kēia huaʻōlelo. ʻO ka mea, ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai ka sterlet.

Pane loa nā meaʻai like ʻole e ka mana. Ua ʻai ʻia ʻo Sterlet e nā pharaohs a me nā mōʻī, ua mahalo nui ʻia nā tsars Rūsia, ma nā mea nui loa, ʻo Ivan the Terrible, e like me nā moʻolelo. A hana akula nō hoʻi ʻo Peter i kahi ʻōlelo kuʻuna kūikawā e hoʻomake i ka "iʻa ʻulaʻula" i Peterhof.

I kēia manawa, ka palaoa a pulupulu, kapau, a paʻakai, ʻekala a me nā iʻa iʻa mai loko mai, ua hoʻopuni ʻia no nā pā maikaʻi. ʻ lākou iā ia i kona ono i ka ʻala o ka puaʻa. He mea maikaʻi ia ma lalo o kaʻaila kawa, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā gherkins, olive, mugs of lemon and herbs.

He mea minamina wale kēlā ika wai piha ʻaʻole kēia mau lā i kēia manawa. ʻO ka huahana i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o nā hale kūʻai, ʻaʻole mahalo loa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole kēia i ka iʻa hopu, akā nā mea ulu ulu. A ʻoiai uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kumukūʻai, ke kāohi mai ka mea ʻole mai nā mea waiwai a pau.

A hoʻole ʻole ka hoʻāʻo i nā mea like ʻole, a me ke kala. ʻO ka ʻiʻo maoli o ka "ʻula ʻulaʻula" he hapa melemona, a ʻo ia ka mea momona e hana ai, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau mea maʻamau. I ka manawa maʻamau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi sterlet maoli i ka mākeke. Akā e kūʻai malu lākou, mai lalo o ka papahele, no ka mea i loaʻa i kēia mau iʻa e nā poimana.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

ʻO Sterlet kahi mea e kahakaha ai e noho wale i nā kahawai mākaʻi. I kekahi manawa ʻo ka sterletus kaʻauʻau kai ma ka moana, akā i ka manawa like e noho kokoke lākou i ka waha o ka muliwai. I ke kauwela, mālama ʻia ka sterlet ma ka lāʻau pāpaku, e komo ana ka ulu ʻōpio i nā wahi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole paha ma kahi o ka waha. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua anuanu, ke hele nei ka iʻa i ka hohonu, e ʻimi ana i nā lua i kapa ʻia nā ʻano. Hoʻohana ʻo ia iā lākou no ka honu hoʻoilo. I ke kau anuanu, he ikaika ʻole ka sterlet, mai ʻai i kekahi mea, mai ʻohi. Ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o ka muliwai, haʻalele ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu a hoʻoluliluli i ka wai o luna me ka pohō.

ʻO ka Sterlet, e like me nā firmgeons a pau, he lōʻihi lōʻihi ma waena o nā iʻa. Ua hiki i ko lākou ola i kahi manawa he 30 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia he lanakila o ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka Lake stabilgeon e ola ma mua o 80 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: iʻa laukele

ʻO ka hapa nui. I kēia mea, pili ka manaʻo o ka sterlet i ke kānāwai. ʻO kā lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa, ʻo iʻa ka iʻa i nā kula nui. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hānau i ka lā wale nō, akā me nā kaikuaʻana he nui. ʻO ka helu o ka sterlet e kali nei i ke anuanu i loko o nā lua lalo e ana ʻia ma nā haneli. Koi loa lākou me ka paʻa loa, ʻaʻole i hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i kā lākou mau pua a me nā mea hōʻiliʻili.

Kuhi ʻia nā male wahine i ka wahine ma 4-5 mau makahiki he nui. ʻO ka makeʻana i nā wahine e 7-8 mau makahiki. 1-2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka spawning, ua mākaukau ka wahine no ka hana hānai. ʻO kēia ka manawa e pono ai no ke kino o ka iʻa e hoʻōla mai ke kaʻina hana luhi. ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu no ka sterlet i ka hopena mua o ke kauwela a i ke kauwela mua paha, ʻo ka pinepine i ka waena a hiki i ka hopena o Mei, i ka manawa ke kau nei ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wai wai ma ka 7-20 kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pae maikaʻi loa no ka pae ʻana mai 10 a 15 kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka manawa kikoʻī he mua a i ʻole ma mua, e pili ana i ka mahana o ka wai a me kona pae.

ʻAʻole ka pila o Volga sterlet i ka manawa like. Hoʻomaka ma mua o nā mea kū i ka wai i luna ma mua. ʻO ke kumu ʻo ka kahe ʻana o ka muliwai ma kēia mau wahi i ka wā ma mua. Pā nā iʻa i nā wahi maʻemaʻe me ka kahe wikiwiki, ka lalo me nā pebbles. ʻO ka nui o nā hua e kau ʻia ma ka manawa wahine he 16000 mau tausani. ʻOpi nā hua, ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka kala. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me kahi mea palaka, i kālai ʻia ai i nā pōhaku. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā hani ʻia. Holo nā ʻeke hua manu i nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka lā ʻumi. I kēia manawa, hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke lōʻihi aku i 15 mm. ʻO ke ulu nui o kahi kanaka e hilinaʻi nei i kona makahiki. ʻO ka muli aku ka muli o ka sterlet, liʻiliʻi nā hua e kaomi ana. ʻO ka iʻa ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau makahiki i ka lōʻihi o 60 tausani mau hua.

ʻOkoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pouna i nā poʻe pākeke. Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha, palake. ʻEleʻeleʻele ka kala ma mua o ka iʻa pākeke. ʻO ka hiʻu he pale uliuli kūikawā. Ulu ka ʻōpiopio i ka wahi like me lākou i kaha ai mai ka caviar. Ma ka hāʻule wale o ka mea ulu ulu 11-25-cm e hele wikiwiki i ka waha o ka muliwai.

He hiʻohiʻona hoihoi: hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sterlet me nā iʻa kūkaʻe: beluga (ʻoi loa - maikaʻi loa), stellate stabilgeon a i ʻole Rūkana paʻa. E ulu wikiwiki nā mea maikaʻi a hoʻohui i ka nui. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka'ōpala, e like me ka sterlet, ka wā o ka wīwī e hele wikiwiki mai nei i kēia mau iʻa no ka lawe pio ʻana

He kiai kiaʻi

ʻO ka pilikia o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o ka lehulehu ka mea i pili me ka hopena o ke aniau, akā me ka hana anthropogenic.

• Hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻonani i loko o nā kino wai. ʻAʻole hiki iā Sterlet ke noho i ka haumia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokahe ʻia me ka wai oxygen. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea hoʻomehana a me nā mea kanu i loko o nā muliwai e hoʻopilikia nui i ka nui o nā iʻa.
• Ka hana ʻana o nā wahi uila e pili ana i nā piliona wai ma nā kahawai nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Power Power Power Volga Hydroelectric, ma kahi o 90% o nā pala spawning i luku ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻole i hiki i ka iʻa ke pale i nā pale kūlohelohe i hana ʻia ma ka konkowa. ʻO ka ʻai nui loa no nā iʻa ma ke kiʻekiʻe Volga i alakaʻi i ka obesity a me ka hana mua o ka hana a ka sterlet. A ma nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai, make ʻo caviar mai ka nele o ka oxygen.
• ʻAi hopu ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā lawe ʻana i ka ʻulu sterlet i alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ko lākou helu.

I Lūkini, aia kahi papahana o ka moku'āina e kuhikuhi ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO kekahi o nā hanana kūleʻa ʻo ia ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o ka iʻa i nā kino wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā rula lawena paʻa paʻa. Loaʻa i ka laikini kūikawā ke hāʻawi i ka kuleana e hopu i kekahi o nā iʻa pākeke. ʻO ke ʻano o nā alaloa i ʻae ʻia (5 mau pcs.) A i ʻole he koho ʻana, he mau ʻāpana ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa i loaʻa ma lalo o ka laikini hoʻokahi manawa he 10 pcs., Pōʻala - 100 pcs.

ʻO ka paona a me ka nui o ka iʻa, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia.

• Lā - mai 300 mm.
• Kaumaha - mai 250 g.

ʻO ka wā ke ʻia ai ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai Iulai a hiki i Kepakemapa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka helu o nā laikini, no laila ʻo ka poʻe e makemake e mālama i ko lākou inoa inoa ma mua.

ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua lilo nā sterlets i nā manu plastic ecologically. E hoʻihoʻi hou i ka nui o kēia iʻa, pono wale ʻoe: ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana ola maikaʻi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu spawning a me nā mea paʻa ma ka lawaiʻa. ʻO kahi kūpono kūpono ka paʻa mau ʻana i ka hybridization, kahi e hiki ai ke kiʻi i nā puka mau e pono ai. Mālama loko pono ai. ʻO ka hala ʻana o kahi meaola kūlohelohe hiki ʻole ke alakaʻi i kahi hala o ka ʻōnaehana ōkia, e pili kino i ka poʻe, me nā mea ʻē aʻe.