ʻO ka marten pōhaku a me ka pine marten kekahi mau ʻohana pili pono loa. ʻO ko ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o ka marten ma muli o lākou. I waho rock and forest marten loa: like like lāua nui ka nui, nā pae aʻe a me ka dexterous, me nā hulu ʻulaʻula nani, a ʻo ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma ua nani ʻia i wahi alohilohi.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka marten pōhaku ma ka nahele.
E nānā kiʻi o ka pine marten , he wahi ʻeleʻele ia, akā ma ka lalo kiʻi o kahi marten pōhaku ke keokeo.
No kēia, loaʻa nā martens i kā lākou nickname yellowfin a me whitefin .
Aia i hea ʻo marten a no wai?
ʻOiai he mea like, like ʻole nā martens i kahi ʻano maʻamau. Makemake nā mea aloha marten hale ma luna o nā kumulāʻau i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, a wili i nā lua malalo o ke kumu o na laau.
Akā ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā martens i ke kauwela i ke kaʻa ʻana i nā hola lewa, i ke kakahiaka a i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. ʻO nā mea a pau e loaʻa e ʻai ʻia: keʻa, a me nā hua ʻaiwili o nā hua mua a me nā ʻōʻele palu,
a he ʻāpana ʻa ka marten iʻa.
Martens i ka hoʻoilo.
Hāʻawi i nā martens i ka hoʻoilo 'aʻole, makemake' ia e pōloli i nā lā anuanu, e peʻe ana i loko o ka honu i'ū aiʻole ka lua. Hiki i ka marten ke huli i lalo o ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻohana ana i nā neʻe i ʻeli ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
E like me nā martens āpau, mālama ka pōhaku a me ka nahele hae martins i kā lākou wahi hopu me ka huhū nui i nā cubs inā e pōpilikia lākou.
He marten ka marten no ka ʻohana nui o marten. He wahi hilo a me ka hiʻona nui, hiki iā ia ke pale aku i nā ʻano ākea me ka leʻaleʻa, piʻi i ke kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe a piʻi i nā hehi lāʻau e alualu ai i ka waiwai. ʻO ka marten holoholona no nā holoholona hulu manu hulu a loaʻa iā ia ka hulu nani mai ka nū ʻeleʻele a i kahi brownish-yellow hues.
Animal marten: wehewehe
He holoholona ʻo Marten me ka hulu polū a me ka malulu, hiki ke kāʻei ʻia i nā aniani o nā brown. (ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kaaniani, brownish melemele). Ma ka ʻāʻī, loaʻa ka marten i kahi ʻāpana o ke kala melemele, hoʻopuni like. ʻEkole nā ʻelele lima, lima ʻelima. Loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu ma nā manamana lima. ʻAno nunui ka moʻāpana. ʻO nā pōkole o ka pōkole, ka liʻiliʻi, ka pālahalaha ʻulaʻula ma ke kihi. Kūpī ka kino, squat, liʻihiʻu (mai 45 cm a 58 cm). ʻO ka huelo ke fluffy lōʻihi, lōʻihi a hiki i ka hapalua o ke kino o ka marten (mai 16 cm a 28 cm ka lōʻihi). Ke kaumaha kino - mai 800 g a 1.8 kg. ʻO ka wahine ma ka awelika 30 pakeneka ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻuluʻulu ka lei ʻana me ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo ma ke kauwela.
Nā ʻano helu Martens
Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, nui nā ʻano moʻomeheu, kahi e noho ai kēlā me kēia ma nā wahi āpana a me nā climatic zone, pālahalaha paʻa i loko o kā lākou mau home.
- Martes americana - i komo pū ka American marten i loko o ke ʻano o nā holoholona laka; e like me ka marten, ka mea hihiu pō.
- Noho ʻo Martes pennanti - ka inoa ʻo ilka i nā kumulāʻau he mau lehelehe, makemake ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā māla ulu lāʻau.
- ʻO Martes foina ka hale o ka marten i noho ma ka wahi nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e lawelawe ana no ka hana ʻana i ka hulu.
- ʻO Martes martes - ka pine marten he mea maʻamau loa i ʻEulopa a me Eurasia, kahi kumu no ka loaʻa o ka hulu kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Martes gwatkinsii - He holoholona kūikawā ʻo Nilgirian marten e noho ana ma nā ʻāpana hema.
- ʻO Martes zibellina - ʻo sable kahi mea hopu lōʻihi i kekahi manawa; i kekahi manawa kekahi ʻano fibrrous i kapa ʻia ʻo kidus (a mix of marten and sable).
- ʻO Martes flavigula ka lilo ʻana o harza i ka māhele o ka poʻe noho ma Asia, ke noho nei ma nā wahi he nui i laila.
- ʻO Martes melampus - Iāpana marten ke kumu o ka hulu i ka ʻāina o nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana.
ʻO Habitats Marten
ʻIke ʻia ka marten ʻAmelika a puni nā ʻāina ʻAmelika. Noho ʻo Ilka i kahi niche ma nā ululāʻau ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e hui nei mai nā mauna Appalachian (West Virginia) a hiki i Sierra Nevada (Kaleponi). Noho ka pōhaku marten i ka nui o ka ʻāina o Eurasian - ʻo kona wahi noho ʻole mai ka Himalayas a me Mongolia a i ka Iberian Peninsula. Hoʻokuʻu kūikawā iā Wisconsin (USA). Puni ka pine marten i nā ʻāpana ʻehā ʻē aʻe: hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai Siberia Western a i nā mokupuni Pelekane ma ka ʻākau a mai Elbrus a me Caucasus a hiki i ka Mediterranean i ka hema. Noho ka Marten Nilgirian ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o India, e noho ana ma ke komohana ma Ghat a ma ka Nilgiri Upland. ʻO Sable kahi noho ʻana o ka māiga Lūkini, ka mea e noho ana i ka'āina mai ka Moana Pakipika a me nā Urals.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Harza ma ka Penina Korea, ma Kina, Turkey, Iran, i nā kahe Himalayan, i Indochina, Hindustan, ma ka Pae Maluku a me nā Mokupuni Nui. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma Pakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Aia pū kekahi ma ka palena o Rūsia, e noho ana ma nā Khabarovsk a me Primorsky Territory, Sikhote-Alin, ke kīʻaha o nā kahawai Ussuri a me Amurye. I ka wā i noho ai ʻo marten Iapana i 3 mau moku nui o Iapana - Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu. Noho ia ma Tsushima, ma Korea, ma nā mokupuni o Sado a me Hokkaido. Ma Lūkia, he nui na ʻano maʻamau o nā martens e like me sable, pine marten, pōhaku marten a me charza.
ʻAʻano Marten
ʻO ke kumukānāwai o ka marten pili pono i kāna mau ʻano: hiki i kēia holoholona ke neʻe wale i ka lulu a spasmodically (i ka manawa e holo ai). ʻO ke kino kūpono o ka marten e like me ka puna elastic, ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ka holoholona hihiu lele ai no kahi manawa iki i loko o nā kīhā o nā conifers. E makemake nui ka marten e noho i waena o nā ka nahele waena. Piʻi ʻo clely i nā kumulāʻau, clambering a pololei ʻoiʻoki i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā piʻikii maikaʻi loa.
Ke alakaʻi nei ka pine marten i kahi lā maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻimi manu ma ka ʻāina a hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui o nā manawa ma nā lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho ka marten i nā hale i loko o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a hiki i 16 mau kiʻekiʻe a pololei paha i ko lākou lei. ʻAʻole pale wale ka marten i kahi kanaka, akā lurks mai ia mea. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i kahi ola paʻa, me ka ʻole o ka loli ʻana i kona mau wahi punahele punahele, ʻoiai me ka hapa ʻole o ka hānai. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki iā ia ke hele no ka protein o ka hana i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka neʻe o ka hele ʻana ma ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Ma nā wahi o ka nahele i noho ʻia e nā martens, ʻelua mau wahi pūnaewele i hoʻokaʻawale: nā hele-hele, kahi i loaʻa lākou i kekahi manawa, a me kahi o ka lawaiʻa i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hana nui ai nā martens i ka manawa nui. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, he haku nui ka martens i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kā lākou kula, kahi e noho nei no nā manawa lōʻihi i nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, he nui loa kēia mau ʻāina i ka nele o ka ʻai, a me ka marten he mau momona momona mau ala. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka kipa lākou i nā wahi e like me nā wahi a me nā wahi hānai, kahi hōʻailona iā lākou me ka urine.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka marten?
Me kona ala e ola ai, pili ka marten me ka ululāʻau. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina ulu nui kahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau like ʻole, akā makemake ʻo ia e hoʻoulu a me nā kumu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu koniferous. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, he spruce-fir, ma ka hema - spruce-deciduous, ma Caucasus māhele - fir-beech forest.
No ka ola mau loa, koho ke marten i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā ululāʻau nui me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻāina lāʻau kahiko, nā mea i hui ʻia me nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpiopio, me nā kihi lōʻihi, a me nā wahi nahele me nā māhuahua. Akā hiki iā ia ke noho ma nā ʻāina ākea, ma nā kuahiwi mauna, kahi e ʻike ai i nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai. ʻAʻohe o kekahi mau ʻano marten i pale ʻole i nā ʻehā pōhaku, placers. Kūleʻa nā noho o nā kānaka e noho mamao aku, a komo i nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā māla. ʻO ka mea wale nō ka mea marten pōhaku, pinepine ka noho ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale.
He aha nā mea a ka marten i ʻai ai?
ʻO nā holoholona he mau manu he manu ʻai, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka ʻai ʻana i nā mammals liʻiliʻi (e like me, no ka laʻana, i nā kiʻina a me nā koikoi), nā manu, a me ka hua manu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka mea makemake lākou i nā kahe, ʻoiai he kumuhana o ka hiʻona, kiki nā palahalaha e hala i muli o kā lākou nui. Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā martens a me nā kālai, nā pepeke, snails, palaka, reptiles. I ka hāʻule, e ʻai koke i nā martens, nā hua ʻai a me nā hua. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka wā lulu a pau, waiho nā martens i ka meaʻai i mālama ʻia, he mea pono iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
Nā inoa: yellow-cushion, European pine marten.
Mālama : Ka māhele Palaearctic - ka palena o ka ʻāina mai ʻĀlani Siberia ma waena o Rūsia a me ʻEulopa a ʻĀinekopa a me ʻIlani, a mai ka palena ʻākau o ka nui o nā kime coniferous kiʻekiʻe (ma ka ʻākau) a hiki i ke Kaiwaena a me Caucasus (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema).
Loaʻa ʻia ia ma nā mokupuni nui o Mediterranean, me Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia a me ka Balearic Islands (Mallorca a Menorca).
ʻO keʻano : ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pine marten, ʻūnū a me ke ʻano wikiwiki, uhi ʻia me ka hulu hulu fluffy.
ʻO ka muzzle liʻiliʻi elongated, hoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa i ke kūpaʻa, ikaika nā ʻōpū. ʻO nā pepeiao ka laulā nui, he ʻōpū ma luna. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wāwae i ʻelima mau lima me nā kālai lima-retractable ikaika. Uhiʻi ʻia nā ʻāala i ka hoʻoilo me ka hulu. Ua lōʻihi ka huelo, hiki i ka hapalua o ke kino.
ʻO 12 male ka nui o nā wahine. ʻO nā wahine ʻelua ʻelua mau momona momona. Naeka na niho.
ʻOlohelohe ka hulu o ka marten, he mau lauoho pōkole a he undercoat ʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana i nā wā'ōpiopio a me nā pākeke i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻomaka ana ka hulu hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa.
Kāleka : aia kahi kukui melemele kukui-ʻeleʻele i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻāʻī i lalo. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo mai ka melemele keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele i ka brown ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻāpana o nā ʻaoʻao ma mua o ke kua a me ka ʻōpū. Ma lalo o ka pōkole hina ka undercoat me kahi aniani a iʻa paha. ʻEleʻele ka pito o ka huelo a me nā wāwae. ʻO ke poʻo ka pale like o ke kino. ʻO nā kihi o nā pepeiao me kahi māmā māmā.
Mālau : ka lōʻihi o ke kino 33-56 cm, ʻehā 17-28 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo 15 cm.
ʻĀnō ke ola : i ke kino 3-4 (maximum 11 makahiki), i ka pio 10-18 mau makahiki.
Nā kamaʻaka, ke ʻano o ka nuku a ka makuahine, e kamaʻilio me kāna twitter.
Hoʻaiho : pine marten pili pili me ka ulu lāʻau, makemake mua i ka nui o ka peʻe, ke ahi, ka lāʻau, ka poʻokela, ke kāwili ʻia a me ka ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka lāʻau make a me nā lāʻau hoha. Hele i waho e wehe i nā wahi i ka wā o ka hopu. Hōʻalo i nā kahua pōhaku a me nā waiho mea waiho pōhaku.
Kanikau : ka ʻula ʻulaʻula, nā ʻīlio, goshawk, ʻaeto gula, ka ʻaʻe manu, lynx.
Mai nā mea hoʻolaha kai (koe wale nā manu) e hoʻopakele ʻia ma nā lāʻau. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻopau i nā mart pine nunui, ʻaʻole no ka meaʻai, akā e kāpae i kahi mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai hiki.
Meaʻai : mau ke aloha, hilinaʻi ka mea ʻai i ka manawa a me ka nui o ka meaʻai - rodents liʻiliʻi (arable voles, mice, red squirrels, dormouse, hares, pikas), nā manu a me kā lākou hua (hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie, partridge, nuthatch, woodpeckers, tits) , nā iʻa, nā mea ʻuʻuku a me kā lākou nā ʻōpio (nā pua nui o ka meli a me kā lākou meli, nā kumulāʻau), nā amphibians (mau palaka a me kā lākou roe), nā reptiles, nā hedgehog a me nā shrews, nā snails, nā hua a me nā hua (blueberries, raspberry, pears, apple, ash ash, cherries, cherries, rose hips, nā huaʻai) a me ka lāʻau.
I ke kauwela, hiki i ka hapa o nā huaʻa a me nā huaʻai ke piʻi a hiki i 30% o kaʻai.
Mākaukau ka pine marten i kekahi hapa o ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo, peʻe iā ia ma nā lāʻau lāʻau.
Kills mea make me kahi kopa i hope o ke poʻo.
ʻAno lawehala : ka mea i'āpono ikaika o ka nocturnal (53-59% o ka manawa, ikaika ka marten i ka pōʻeleʻele a me 14-19% i ke ahiahi), ka mea i hopuia i ka lepo a me nā lāʻau. I ke awakea moe ia i loko o kahi lua, kahi e noho ana ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau (ma ke kiʻekiʻe he 2-5 m), kī ʻole a manu paha, nā ʻuʻu manu, i loko o nā puʻu i waena o nā pōhaku, nā puʻuʻu. I ka pō (i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai) hiki iā ia ke haʻalele i ka kani no ka 10 km. I nā puʻuwai koʻikoʻi, noho mau ʻo ia i ka pūnana, e hānai ana i nā lako.
ʻAʻole ia he mau ʻōnoho mau, akā e hele ana i ka pūnaewele o ka pilikino i ke ʻimi ʻana i ka waiwai. Noho nā luna ma kahi pūnaewele no nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani, akā wana wale wale nō no nā poʻe squirrels.
He pākaha ka pāʻani a ka pine marten. Paʻiʻo, ʻike a maikaʻi hoʻi i kūkulu ʻia. Holo ka lele, no ka mea he waiho ma nā wāwae wāwae (hind wāwae i kau ʻia ma nā wāwae wāwae mua). Piki aku ʻo ia ma luna (ma ke koʻokoʻo a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau) a lele paha (mai kahi lālā i ke lālā ma kahi mamao o 4 m, mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hau). Hiki iā ia ke neʻe me nā piko o nā kumulāʻau. I ka piʻi ʻana, hiki iā ia ke lūlū i nā wāwae o ka paws 180 ". Lele iaʻi holika a me nā hihia koʻikoʻi.
ʻO nā ʻōlima a me nā wahine ʻelua mau pālua o nā ʻōniʻu odorous kūikawā (ductal a me ka ʻōpū).
Hoʻoikaika pili ʻana : ke alakaʻi marten i alakaʻi i kahi nohona kala wale nō, hana wale nō i nā pālua i ka wā hoʻoulu. Hoʻomaopopo nā holoholona i nā palena o ke kāʻei me kahi huna o nā aʻi ʻona a me nā urine.
Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, loaʻa kahi hālāwai o nā kāne ʻelua me ka hakakā ʻole.
Loaʻa pinepine ka pūnaewele kāne (10-25 km 2) i nā pūnaewele o nā wahine (5-25 km 2).
ʻAno hānau : mai Iune a Iulai hoʻi, he nui nā leaka o ka wahine i mau lā he 1-4 i hala, ʻo 6 ka lā ma waena o lākou. E hala ana ka helu 30:30 mau minuke.
Hānau ʻia ka wahine i nā keiki bipi i hoʻokahi makahiki. No ka hānau keiki, koho ʻo ia i ka hakahaka i kahi lāʻau kahiko. Ma ka hihia o ka pōʻino, hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia i nā kū i kahi wahi a i ʻole ke ʻai ʻana i ka litter.
I ka wā e hānai ai i ka ʻōpio, ʻimi nā wahine a i ka pō a i ke ao.
Waʻa lau / pua : Iune-Iulai. Hoʻolālā ka wikiwiki hala i ka lā Pepeluali-Malaki.
Puberty : wahine nā kāne a male kāne i 14 mau mahina. mau makahiki, akā he mau makahiki ma kahi o 2-3 mau makahiki.
Kahawai : wahine me ka latent pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lā 236-275, ʻo ka hapai iho iā ia he 27-28 mau lā.
Lāhea : hānau mai ka wahine i ka makapō hānō 2-7, ʻuli a hoʻi ʻole nā pēpē, kaupaona ka lōʻihi o 30 maulepū, 10 cm ka lōʻihi. Kau nā maka i nā lā 34-38 o ke ola.
Hoʻomau ka lactation i nā hebedoma 6-8, ma ka hopena o kēia ʻano makahiki he 68 miliona g. E hele nā martens ʻōpio i ka meaʻai paʻa i nā lā 36-45 mau makahiki, ke nānā ʻole ko lākou mau niho.
Hoʻomaka lākou e puka mai ka nano i loko o 1.5 mau mahina. Hoʻopau ka Pīlī e piʻi a lele i ka ikaika i 2-2,5 mau makahiki o nā makahiki.
No kekahi mahina, ʻo ka poʻe ʻōpio me ko lākou makuahine, a laila haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana i ka ʻimi ʻana i kā lākou pūnaewele. Noho mau kekahi o nā cubs me ko lākou makuahine i ka lua a hiki i ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana.
Ke kūlana pae ʻāina / mālama : I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 200,000 mau kanaka.
Hiki i ka pine marten ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi sable, ʻo ia mau hua pā nahea i kapa ʻia he cindus.
ʻEiwa mau subspecies o ka pine marten i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā mea make ma Martes (nui nui), Martes m. borealis, M. m. latinorum Kauka marten (M. m. lorenzi ), Menorca marten (M. m. menicensisis ), M. m. notialis , Pine marten Russian (M. m. ruthena ), Pechora pine marten (M. m. sabaneevi ), ke kanaka pine marten (M. m. uralensis ).
Kaukaʻi: Palapala Zooclub
Ke kau hou nei i kēia ʻatikala, kahi pilina pili i ke kumu ʻo MANDATORY, inā ʻaʻole, e manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻatikala i kahi kipi o ka "Kuleana kope a ʻAo Hoʻohui Kūlike".
Nānā: Marten - Martes (lat.)
Kāohana: Cunyi
Kaulana: Pono ʻia
ʻAeke Nā Pākuʻi
ʻAno: Kiʻi
Hoʻopiʻi: Nā Kūlana
Kālā:
ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 33-56 cm, ʻehā - 17-28 cm, kiʻekiʻe ma nā maloʻo - 15 cm
kaupaona - 0.5-2.4 kg
ʻO ke ola ola: a hiki i 20 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana
Ke kamaaina o ka nahele, makemake nui ka mea marten i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o nā kenekulia ma luna o nā kenekulia i nā makahiki a me mau kumula. Nimble a i ʻole luhilahi, lele wikiwiki ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā hiehie e hopu a lele i ka waiwai i ka lele. Ma lalo o ke kino palupalu, nā puʻuwai o ka lawaiʻa nui o ka lawaiʻa. E ʻike kākou i ke ʻano o ka marten, ke kiʻi, ka mea e ʻai ai a me kahi a kona wahi e noho ai.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO nā ʻāina ulu lāʻau i koho ʻia, ka nui o nā mea i noho nui ʻia e ka ʻāina ʻo ka Honua. E hoʻomaka ana ko lākou wahi noho ma Western Siberia, holo aku i nā ululāʻau o ʻEkelika a me ʻInelani, e pili ana i nā ʻāina ʻākau, a hoʻomau i kona huakaʻi hele i ke kūkulu hema i loko o ka ulu lāʻau ʻo Caucasus a me ka Mediterranean.
I ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻāina, koho ke holoholona i nā ulu lāʻau nui, me kahi nui o nā lāʻau āpau a me nā nui lāʻau make. Aia i loko o kahi wahi e minamina ai kahi mea koa liʻiliʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hale ma nā puʻu, ʻaʻole iki i iho i lalo i ka ʻōpū, ka neʻe ʻana i nā lālā a me ke kahi o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻAʻohe!Ke hoʻohana nei i kona huʻu e like me ke kaulike, lele ʻo ka marten iā 4 mau mika, e lele ana mai kahi lāʻau a lāʻau.
Hōʻanoʻike
Me ka hoʻolohe nui, nā ʻono a me nā hihiʻo, ke alakaʻi nei ka marten nui i ke ʻano ola nocturnal. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e noho lōʻihi ma kahi hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole ia i nakinaki ʻia i ka lua. ʻIke koke ka holoholona i ka malu i nā pupu polū a me nā nalo o nā manu, ua ʻānai loa iā lākou. ʻAe ka ʻoluʻolu e hoʻihoʻi i ka holoholona i ka ʻokiʻoki i waena o nā pōhaku a hoʻonohonoho i kahi lā hoʻomaha ma laila.
Makemake ka marten i kahi nohona kūwaho. Hoʻokumu wale nā pā hale i ka ʻohana. ʻO kahi kahu holoholona nui, kahi holoholona, e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai, hoʻokō i kekahi misiona koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka helu o nā rodents liʻiliʻi ma kāna pākana. Kahi paha, i ka lā hoʻokahi o ka hopu ʻana i ka holoholona, e uhi i ka mamao o 20 km. Hoʻopili i nā kūmole makelia i kāna pānaina, e ʻimi ka holoholona i ka mea a i kahi saturated. Ma ka ʻai ʻana, moe ka marten i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka valleine e pili kokoke ana a i ʻole kiki kokoke i kahi kahua ʻimi.
Kāleka
ʻO ka pāpale loa, ke kino lōʻihi o ka marten i uhi ʻia i ka hulu me ka lama ʻole lōʻihi. I Lūkini kahiko, ua mahalo nui ʻia ka hulu wulu a lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he kālā waiwai. ʻO nā hua manu marten i uku no nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka inoa a me ka waihona kālā o ka kuna.
- Ma ka ʻāʻī a ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona, hele i kahi wahi melemele nani, e lawe pinepine i nā ʻano poʻomanaʻo e hāʻule i kahi hāʻule i hāʻule i ke kino o ka holoholona.
- Neat muzzle i kaulaia i kahi kūhai maikaʻi. Hāpono ʻia ke poʻo me nā pepeiao nui nui, me nā kihi ʻoiʻe a puni.
- ʻO ka huluhulu manuahi o ka holoholona e hiki ke like me ka lōʻihi ma ke kino. ʻElima mau wāwae ma ka paws, me nā puki semi-retractable e kōkua i ka marten piʻi i piʻi i nā lāʻau a hoʻopaʻa pono i ka waiwai.
- Hoʻololi ka hulu i ka kala i ka manawa: i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele, me nā kaʻe melemele, i ke kauwela e ulu nūhou a hoʻemi nui ʻia i ka lōʻihi.
- ʻErleʻele ka kua ke kua, a lawe nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻōpū i nā kukui kukui o ke kala nui.
ʻAʻohe!I waena o nā ʻohana nui o nā mustelids aia kekahi mau kanaka me ka hulu melemele a me ke kālā, e like me ka harza, i kekahi o ia ʻano ʻano, ke awa o Nilgir, ke kāʻei ʻia ka ʻāʻule ma ke ʻano ʻoniʻoni ʻalani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui
ʻAʻole hopohopo ka hele ʻana ma ka papa, ka kiʻi pinepine o ka marten i kekahi holoholona ma nā lālā a i ʻole nā pua lāʻau. I kona ola a pau, ua lele ka marten, waiho maila nā wāwae wāwae i ka hau a me ka lepo. Ma waho o ka hoʻololi kālā ʻana i ka wahi o ka noho ʻana, hiki i ka holoholona ke loaʻa i nā hale he nui i ke kuʻuna no ka hiamoe a me ka hāpai ʻana i nā cubs. ʻAʻole waiho ka mea hoʻoiho liʻiliʻi i kāna pūnaewele no ka mea i ʻole ka maikaʻi me ka meaʻai.
I ka ʻoihana holoholona, he makemake ʻo ia i ka pō, e kipa aku ana i nā manu manu, nā mākele nui, a me kahi kiaʻi o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, e noho ʻoluʻolu ana ma luna o kahi lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka pīhoihoi a ikaika hoʻi, hiki i ka marten ke hoʻokūkū me ka hare a hoʻopaʻa i ka capercaillie.
Aia nā hihia pinepine o marten ke kipa ʻana i nā mokulele moa. Ke hiki ʻole ke lawe aku i ka waiwai pio a pau, hiki i ka holoholona ke hopu i nā moa a pau, no ka mea ua loaʻa ka huhū kūpono o ka poʻe wale nō. Akā, he mea halaʻole i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia līlī i ka holoholona. Hoʻohāmi ʻia nā mea āpau: ua makaʻu ka manu i ka komo ʻana o kahi mea nāna e manu a lele ka wā a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka hua make o ka holoholona, no laila "ʻoluʻolu" lākou a me lākou iho.
Mea ʻai
ʻAʻohe!Makemake ka marten e kipa aku i nā leho pī, e leʻa ana i ka meli a me nā hua pua ma laila. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hele ma ka luina momona.
Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻōiwi i ka holoholona i nā makahiki, ʻaʻole waiwai i nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka marten me ka hana maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, hakakā nā huila me nā huahana o nā lau.
ʻAno hānau
Hana ʻia ʻo Puberty i ka makahiki he 14 mau mahina ma ke kāne a me ke kāne. Eia naʻe, maʻamau ka hana ʻana i waena o nā makahiki he 2 a me 3. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune a hala ʻo Iulai. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā wahine wahine he estrus, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4 mau lā, me ke kekelē o 6 a 17 mau lā.
ʻAʻohe!ʻO ka hapalua o ka marten i mau manawa he 28 mau lā, akā ma mua o kēia hala ʻana i ka pae ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, lōʻihi 235 - 275 mau lā.
Hoʻokomo kahi wahine mai 2 a 7 mau pipi, e noho pū me ko lākou makuahine no 3 mau mahina. Inā i hala ka hānau, a noho nā pōpoki ma kā lākou iho ponoʻi a hiki i ka pūnāwai.
ʻO ka male, ka lawaiʻa, ka waiwai kūʻai
Mai ka ʻohana o marten wale nō kekahi mau mea hoihoi i nā mea pili i ka hulu manu. ʻO ka hapa nui, e hoʻomaka ana me ke aliʻi o ka hulu sable, i manaʻo ʻia he holoholona hulu manu. ʻO nā kapa hulu manu marten hoʻonaninani i nā pale lole o nā ʻano fashionistas hou a he mau hale kūʻai. ʻO ka hana a me ka nani marten hulu me 7 mau wā o nā kūmole a noho pono i kekahi o nā kūlana alakaʻi i nā papa inoa kaulana.
ʻAʻohe!Hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka hulu marten me ka hoʻomau ʻole i nā mea kanu lepo, e hoʻonui ana i kona waiwai hypoallergenic.
ʻO ka ʻimi lawena makahiki i kau palena ʻia ma muli o ka helu o nā holoholona ma kona mau wahi. I nā leʻaleʻa manuahi, ua palena ʻia ke kūʻai ʻia o nā ʻāpana marten i 500 mau ʻāpana. I nā hana a nā holoholona e ʻimi ai, ʻo ka maikaʻi loa ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka ʻīlio. ʻO nā mahele a me nā pahele i hāʻule ai ka holoholona, ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi i nā mea pono kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā a ka mea lawaiʻa e hopu ai i nā pahele no ka nānā ʻana, ua hiki ka manawa ke hao i nā kiʻī liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hoʻoiho.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o ka ʻoihana, aia ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā martens ma nā pāmu pua. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e kūʻai i kahi marten no ka mālama home home pinepine ʻole. He paʻakikī ke loaʻa i nā pēpē i loaʻa ma ka noho pio ʻana, akā ʻo ka mea i lawe ʻia mai ka wao nahele make paha a koi i nā kūlana kūikawā no ka hoʻomohala maʻamau. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka marten i loko o kahi pā hale liʻiliʻi, no ka mea pono e kūkulu i kahi aviary nui, i lako ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā manholes huna a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ola manu ʻole.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻike pinepine nā holoholona a hiki i ka 5 - 6 mau makahiki, akā i ka pio, me ka mālama pono, ola lākou i ka makahiki, ola 18 - 20 mau makahiki.
I kona hiʻohiʻona, hoʻohālike ka marten i ka pōpoki i nā ʻano he nui. He lole nani, fluffy kona kino, ke aniani a me ka lokomaikaʻi. He huluhulu fluffy ʻo Martens, akā he pokole a lōʻihi ka laulima. Liʻiliʻi ka holoholona. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 60 mau kenimita.
ʻElua mau ʻano martens e noho ana ma ka ulu lāʻau Rusia - ka nahele a me ka pōhaku. I waho, ua like like nā ʻano like ʻole me kekahi. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ʻole ma ka lalo o lalo o ka pōhaku marten. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka undercoat o ia holoholona hihiu he māmā. A ʻo nā mart mart ka mea e noho nui nei ma nā wahi pōhaku.
I ka meaʻai, he nui nā holoholona i mua ʻole. Kuhi mua kā lākou papa i ka manawa o ka makahiki. ʻAi lākou i ka rodents, baki, pepeke, nā manu, nā lika, nā kiʻi a me nā hoki pahū. E hoʻowahāwahā i nā martens a me nā moa. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka wā o ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, eʻai nui ka holoholona i nā meaʻai kanu - nā hua like ʻole, nā hua a me nā lāʻau
ʻOiai he nani maikaʻi loa ka holoholona, ʻike ʻia kona hulu i ke ʻano nui loa i ka honua mode. Eia kekahi, hana pinepine lākou i ka ʻohana, hoʻopau i nā manu, nā ʻolā, a me nā mea kanu kaiʻai. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha e hahai ikaika ʻia nā holoholona. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻae ʻana ma ka lawena lawena ʻole i pāpā ʻia a paʻa ʻole. No ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia he uku koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua ʻimi ʻia nā martens me ke kōkua o nā helapa, ʻoiai he nui nā ala like. Hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia kahi ʻīlio me lākou no ka hopu ʻana; e kōkua ana ia i ka huli ʻana i ka holoholona.
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi - ka marten nani i ka hihiu.
Video e pili ana i nā martens. E nānā i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Far Eastern Marten Kharza" - ʻelua mau hōʻike. ʻO nā hapa liʻiliʻi o nā huaʻōlelo. E kahakaha ana i hoʻokahi a me nā hapa manawa e lilo wale nō ʻoe me ke ʻano.
A i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i nā kahawai o foggy Albion a nānā i ke wikiō “Marten. Kuhi ka manaʻo o nā wao nahele. ”
A ʻo kekahi wikiō hou aʻe - "Marten Hunt".
A ʻo ke wikiō hope loa - hoʻokomo i kahi pahele i ka marten
ʻO Marten ka hoʻoilina a me nā mea e pono ai
Hōʻike ʻia ka hana Marten ma ke kakahiaka a me ka pō. I ka lā, moe nā holoholona i ka nui o nā lāʻau a i nā nce nui o nā mea kikoʻi hulu. Mahalo ʻo Martens i nā manawa he nui ma luna o nā lāʻau, no laila ua hiki iā lākou ke piʻi pono i nā ʻōpala a lele i kekahi lālā i kekahi lālā. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i luna o 4 mau mika.
He marten ʻōpio.
Ua holo wikiwiki ʻo Martens ma ka ʻāina. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kona kuleana, nā palena e hōʻailona ʻia me kahi mea huna hilo, huna ʻia mai nā kulu anal. Inā haʻalele ka malihini i nā palena, a laila kū ka hakakā i waena o nā holoholona. Akā i ka wahine a me nā kāne, kūpono nā pilina. Hiki paha i ka wahi i nā ʻāina ke loli i ka manawa o ka makahiki. No laila, i ke kauwela he nui nā mea koho i ka hoʻoilo.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka marten
He mau niho koʻikoʻi nā Martens, no laila e maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokokoke nei i nā meaʻai o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka papa marten he mau voles, squirrels, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā hua.
Eia kekahi, ʻai nā holoholona i nā iniseti, nā mea reptile a me nā mea kālai. Pepehi ʻo ka marten i ka mea i make ma ke kua o kona poʻo. Mai nā mea kanu kanu e ʻai ai nā martens i nā hua waina, nā huaʻai a me ka meli. I ka wā ngahulu, hana nā holoholona i nā lako meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo.
Stone marten.
ʻO nā hae o ka Marten
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā martens he mau ʻalopelo ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻaeto gula, akā, ʻo ka hōʻemi nui loa i ka lehulehu ka mea e lawe mai i ka poʻe.
I kekahi manawa, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā martens no ko lākou mau ʻili. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi hōʻemi nui i ka helu o nā holoholona. Akā no ka ākea nui o ka noho ʻana o nā martens, ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pōpō o ke kala ʻole o nā ʻano. I kekahi mau'āina, pale ʻia nā martens e ke kānāwai a ua pāpā ʻia kā lākou pana ʻana.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Ilka, or marten angler
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Ilka, i ʻike ʻia i nā nahele nahele ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, i ʻike ʻia ka pine marten, a mea pecans paha, i kūʻē i kona inoa, e ʻai i ka iʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa. Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi, hiki i nā holoholona ke loaʻa i kahi inoa ma muli o ka hōʻaiʻē ʻana mai ka ʻōlelo Farani ʻo ka huaʻōlelo fichet, ka manaʻo "ferret" i ka unuhi ʻana. Kūkā nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i nā polesie kai, nā mānini, nā puʻu, nā ʻulena keʻokeʻo a me nā manu. ʻAi nā ilka a me nā shrew. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, ʻike kekahi i ke ʻano o ka martens regale iā lākou iho me nā hua o nā hua, a me nā hua āpau.
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
ʻO nā martens ʻAmelika, a me ka ilk, ʻo ia wale nō ka poʻe i koe o ka nui o ka nui o lākou, hiki ke ʻimi me ka maʻalahi i nā ʻuʻuku a me nā kumulāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia nā martens ʻAmelika i ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka mālama nui a me ka mālama pō. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia nā kānakaʻepekema e like me kā lākou meaʻai a me kā lākou hana me ke ʻano like o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā martens o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
He aha e ʻai ai nā martens pōhaku?
Stone marten (ʻike ʻia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - ʻike ʻia ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo) loaʻa i ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa, a ʻaʻole makaʻu, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻelele mau ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā marten, e noho kokoke kokoke i nā noho, i kēlā me kēia manawa nānā ʻia i nā hale o nā kamaʻāina. Ua loaʻa i ka marten pōhaku kona inoa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻūhū ʻōpala. Hoʻohana nui nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano holoholona i ka ʻiʻo, mālama i nā mamalia liʻiliʻi (mau ʻiʻo, nā iole, nā kiole) a me nā manu. Mai haʻalele i nā loko a me nā baki a me nā mea inu. I ke kauwela, makemake lākou e ʻai i nā hua a me nā hua. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hana pinepine ʻana o nā martens i ka pōā i nā pōʻai manu a me nā manu. Kāwīwī, hoʻomaka i ka panopū i loko o ka heihei moa, hoʻāla koke i kahi refatory predatory i ka martens. I ka hopena, hiki iā lākou ke luku aku i nā manu ʻē aʻe aku ma mua o kā lākou hiki ke ʻai.
Kai ʻaʻai Marten
ʻO nā mart pine (yellowheads) e noho nei i kekahi mau wahi o ʻEulopa a ma ke komohana o kekahi mau ʻāina o Asia, e like me kā lākou inoa e makemake nei e makemake e noho i loko o nā nahele, mālama pono i ka hiki ke hālāwai me nā poʻe. ʻO nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano, e like me nā helu ʻē aʻe he nui, he ʻālunu nui loa. ʻO kā lākou ʻai punahele he rodents liʻiliʻi, me nā squirrels, a me nā hua manu manu. Me ka leʻaleʻa, e like me ka zoologists, ʻai nā ʻenemi a me nā puaʻa, a i ka hāʻule hāʻule hoʻi lākou e ʻai ʻai i nā hua lāʻau a me nā kinipona, a hiki iā lākou ke hōʻiliʻili i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
ʻO Marten kekahi o nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka papa mammals. ʻO kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi, ka iwi ʻīwili a me ke ʻano maʻalahi, ka lauoho fluffy, he ʻeha ikaika loa ia no nā manu a me nā holoholona. I kēia lā, hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano 8 o nā martens. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o lākou - ka pōhaku a me nā ʻano lāʻau.
ʻO ka marten pōhaku he elongated fluffy a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Kūpiki kona mau wāwae. I kēia holoholona, loaʻa ka muzzle i kahi hāhai i kūlohelohe. kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Nui ka manaʻo e like like kēia holoholona holoholona me kahi ferret. ʻAʻohe mea kānalua i ka like. ʻO ka hopena nui, he wahi mālamalama māmā i ka umauma marten, e hele ana i ʻelua mau wāwae i nā forelegs. Akā pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻo ka nui o nā ʻōlima o ʻAmelika i ka nui o ka nui.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lauoho o ka holoholona, i paʻi ʻia me kahi kaila hina-brown or brownish-fawn. ʻEʻeleʻele nā maka. I ka pō e mālamalama lākou i kahi ulaula ulaula. ʻO ka marten pōhaku, ke kiʻi kiʻi āu e ʻike ai i kēia ʻatikala, waiho ʻia nā wahi ma luna o ka honua ma mua o kona "hoahānau" aloha. E neʻe ana kēia neʻe liʻiliʻi ma ka neʻe, a ʻo nā wāwae ʻeha e hāleʻa i nā ala mua. ʻO ka hopena, aia nā paʻi aia nā mea lawaiʻa e kapa nei i ka "two-dot".
Mai ka ʻano o ka mea lāʻau, ʻokoʻa mau ka ʻula (ka marten) i ʻokoʻa. He hiʻu lōʻihi kona nui, ʻo ka wahi ma kona ʻāʻī i loaʻa ke anilā, ua ʻeleʻele kona ihu, ua uhi ʻia kona mau wāwae me ka hulu. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka marten pōhaku, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona makua he 55 kenimika, ʻo ka huelo he 30 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha mai ka 1 a 2,5 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā male ma mua o nā wahine.
Stone Marten: Mahele ʻāpana
Noho kēia holoholona ma nā kuahiwi ʻo Altai ma Caucasus, i nā ululāʻau o Ciscaucasia, a i kekahi manawa i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā māka o nā kihi hema o Rūsia. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka martens he ākea ma Eurasia, ma Mongolia a me nā Himalaya.
Aia kekahi mea ma Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, a me Central Central a me Central Central. ʻAʻole kēia holoholona e noho ai i ka ulu lāʻau, makemake nui i nā wahi ākea me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā lāʻau sīla manawaleʻa, kahi papa pōhaku. ʻO ia ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ai kēia holoholona. Eia ka pīhoihoi, ʻaʻole i hopohopo loa kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka poʻe, hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia i ka hale kai a me nā hale kūʻai, i ka hale o nā hale noho.
Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mālama home? I ka pio, ʻaʻole ola ka pōhaku marten. No kēia kumu, ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia ia i loko o nā zou nui. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma Kelemānia, i ka Central Zoo o Berlin, ua hoʻokō ka poʻe Kelemania i ka hana e like me nā kūlana kūpono loa, e like me ka hiki a me ka noho maoli.
Na palapala kapu
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā martins pōhaku ʻehā i mau ʻāpana he ʻehā.
- ʻElepopa Bodushka. Noho ia ma kekahi mau wahi o ka māhele Europa ma mua o ka Soviet Union a me ʻEulopa maʻEulopa.
- Wahine keʻokeʻo Crimean. E like me ka maopopo, he kamaʻāina kēia o ka Crimea. He wahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kona e pili ana i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a me kahi kala lilikini.
- Kaopu keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia ka hapa nui o nā subspecies e noho ana i loko o Caucasus, loaʻa iā ia ka momona shiny a he underfur nani.
- Ua koho ka wahine ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma loko o ka ʻAsia ʻAmelika i kona wahi noho. Loaʻa ʻole ka ʻōpū o kona ʻōpū. He hulu nani kona.
ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻamaʻa
ʻO ka marten ka papa i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. I ke ahiahi, moe lākou i ka nahele o nā lāʻau a noho i nā pūhā nui o nā mea hoʻolaha hulu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapanui o ke ola o ka marten ma nā lālā lāʻau, no laila ua manaʻo lākou i ka hilinaʻi - e piʻi ma luna o ka lāʻau, ka lele mai ka lālā i ka lālā. Hiki i kā lākou lele i ka 4 mika.
E neʻe wikiwiki nei ʻo Martens ma ka honua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kona kuleana, nā palena ona e hōʻailona ai kahi mea huna. Inā haʻalele ka malihini i ka ʻāina, a laila hiki ke hakakā ma waena o nā holoholona. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā intersect. Loaʻa ka wahi o kēlā me kēia wahi e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki. Nui nā mea pāʻani i ke kauwela ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
Holo manu kolohe me nā pahele
No ka mea hānai hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻo ka marten he tropi pono. ʻO kēia mea kilokilo, līwī a wikiwiki hoʻi i hiki ke kāpae i nā kuʻuna i ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana, manu a huna ma nā lāʻau. E hoʻomaka ana ka wā hana ma Nowemapa. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, he nīnēlā (nocen marten) kēia nocturnal. ʻO ka ʻimi wale nō ke hiki i ka pō. Ma kēia wale nō ʻoe e hoʻi ʻole ʻole ai i ka home me ka lima ʻole.
ʻO ka ala e ʻoi loa e ʻimi ai no kēia holoholona, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mauhele. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine lākou e hoʻohana i ka pahele No. 1. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hopu i nā mea huna o kā lākou hoʻonohonoho. Kaʻana like i kekahi o lākou. Pono e kau ʻia nā pahele ma nā lālā o nā lāʻau ma ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau mika, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e uhi ʻia me ka hau. A hāʻule ka holoholona i ka ʻaihue, ʻaʻohe hanana kona ala e puka ai (ma ka limbo).
Pono ka pahele me ka paehae e waiho kokoke i nā wahi ʻauʻau i hele nui ʻia. ʻAʻole nunui ka hopu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i nui loa ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. Eia kekahi, he mea paʻakikī ke kiʻi i kahi holoholona like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻimi huluhulu he nui, he hīmeni hoʻokipa ʻia ka marten.
He aha ka mea o ka marten maʻamau i ko mākou ulu lāʻau a me nā kuahiwi? Inā nīnau kekahi i kēlā nīnau, a laila ma ke ʻano ka hoʻākāka ʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka mea i ʻike ʻia. Ua ʻike nā mea āpau i kahi bear, ma ka zoo a me ke kiʻi. No laila e ho'ēmi i ka mau manawa o ka be bear i ka manawa, e hoʻolōʻihi i kona kino, lōʻihi, lohi a māmā. Mai poina e hoʻolōʻihi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke alo. ʻAe, pono mau e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wāwae, akā māmā, e hoʻopili mau ʻia. No laila e loaʻa iā mākou he marten.
ʻO nā Martens kahi ʻōlelo mōmona mai ka ʻohana marten.
ʻO nā Martens kahi ʻōlelo mōmona mai ka ʻohana marten. ʻO ko lākou mau hoahānau pili pili loa, he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā martens lākou iho, ʻo ia:
No laila, ʻo ka ʻohana o nā martens e komo i kahi weael liʻiliʻi a me kahi wīwī nui, ʻoi aku ka nui me he bea. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻopili nā cuns a pau, wikiwiki a ikaika i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe.
Loaʻa nā holoholona o kēia ʻano i ka ulu waena, i loko o ka ulu nui ʻana o kā lākou mau ʻāpana ma waena o ka wīwī nunui a me ka weasel dwarf. ʻO ka marten he holoholona wāwae hele wāwae, predatory, me nā pōkole lima ʻelima lima. Loaʻa ʻia nā manamana lima a paʻa nā mea huluhulu manuahi, e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke maʻalahi a piʻi koke i nā lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka pepeiao o ka marten me nā pepeiao pōkole, i mahele ʻia i 2 mau wahi. He lōʻihi loa kona kino, wīwī, hoʻopā ʻia, hoʻopihapiha ʻia no ka neʻe wikiwiki ma o nā kumulāʻau a no nā pihi maka ākea i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Lōʻihi ka huelo, hiki i ka hapalua o ka nui o ke kino. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma ka huʻu kuʻi i ka hemo ʻana o ka pākaʻi, e hoʻonui ai i ke kahe o ke kino a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe i o nā lāʻau, i nā mauna hoʻi e nā pōhaku a me nā pōhaku.
Hoʻokahi wale nō mau ʻano hae o nā martens e noho ma ka ʻāina o Lūkia - ka ulu lāʻau a me ka pōhaku. ʻO nā ʻano nui loa nā pine pineen.
Ke kinipihi o ka paila pineen mai ka nūmona a me ka hiʻona i ka pōkole me kahi wahi ʻalani a ka melemele i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻōpū. I ka hoʻoilo, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hulu o ka holoholona, i ke kauwela ke lilo ia i mea pōkole a paʻakikī.
E like me nā lālā he nui o kēia ʻohana, he kino o ke kino o ka pine marten me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi a me nā lauoho ma nā wāwae. ʻO ka lōʻihi, ka lōʻihi o ka uluʻana o nā holoholona ma kahi o 50 cm, ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 28 cm, he koʻikoʻi ia ma kahi o 1,5 kg. ʻO nā Males ka hapa ʻekolu o ka ʻoi ʻana ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO Marten kahi holoholona hele wāwae, predatory, me nā wāwae lima ʻelima
ʻO nā koho momona o Marten ka mea e makemake ai
ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo nā mea hoʻohālike e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻole. ʻAno maʻamau, nā holoholona i nā holoholona a pau e luku aku iā lākou iho i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a ʻai koke lākou. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana i kahi mea kanu ma ka mea hoʻohemo? ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe, e pepehi iā ia iho i nā holoholona a ʻai iā lākou iho. Akā he mea hoʻohua anei ka sparrow? ʻAe, he mea wanana hoʻi kēia, weliweli i nā ʻano boogers āpau.
ʻO ka marten he holoholona holoholona hihiu me ka ʻole o ka loea. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea āpau a pau, kauʻauʻau, lele, lele, ʻāʻī. ʻO kāna mau mea hōʻeha:
- nā pua āpau āpau
- nā manu ʻē aʻe ʻole i loaʻa iā ia ke wā no ka neʻe ʻana i kona mau ʻōpū a me nā mea niho.
- loaʻa poʻomanaʻo
- nāikoki,
- nā cuns ʻē aʻe i emi aʻe ka ikaika a me ka nui,
- nā holoholona invertebrate āpau.
ʻO ka marten he holoholona holoholona hihiu me ka ʻole o ka loea
Hiki iā ka holoholona ke ʻai i nā ʻōpala o kahi kalaki, kahi ʻīlio, kahi lei, kahi puaʻa nui inā hele nā mākua i kekahi wahi. Eia naʻe, nā kīʻaha nui o nā martens he rodents a me nā manu.
ʻO ka mua, nui loa nā kino o kēia mau holoholona i ka saturate i ka marten ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka lua, aia i nā mea he nui i mālama iā lākou ke mālama i ka helu helu maikaʻi o kēia mau mea ʻōpiopio.
Kānaka: marten holoholona (25 mau kiʻi)
ʻAno Lio & Biotope
E hālāwai piha ana nā martens Forest i ko lākou inoa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau i loko o ke ola ma nā lāʻau. Ua loaʻa i ka male martens ko lākou inoa no muli o ko lākou ola a hiki i kekahi mau biotopes. Hiki iā lākou ke noho maikaʻi i waena o nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻike lākou i ka maikaʻi ma nā wahi kuahiwi i waena o nā pali a me nā pōhaku.
Eia naʻe, kamaʻilio mua nā cunyi i ka nahele. ʻO kā lākou mau hoʻololi āpau e pili pū ana me nā loli i ka biotopes kahi i hoʻomōhala ʻia ai ka nui o nā lāʻau i lilo i liʻiliʻi a emi ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa loa kēia kānāwai, ʻo ka ʻoliva wale nō, nui loa ia e lele i nā lālā a lele koke mai ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau.
Hiki i nā martens ke piʻi a lele i nā kumulāʻau maikaʻi, maʻalahi loa ka huki ʻana i kahi mamao o 4 m i kahi lele. Hele ka piʻi i loko o ka hana paʻakikī o ka lāʻau, hiki iā lākou ke huli i ko lākou mau wāwae 180 °. ʻO kēlā mau palupalu ka mea maʻamau i nā kālai lāʻau.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea e pili ana i ka ulu lāʻau, kahi i makemake nui ai nā martens e noho, a laila ua hoʻopili ʻia nā kihi coniferous-deciduous. ʻO kēlā me kēia kīhāpai no ka ʻike i hiki i kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa nā meaʻai ponoʻī iā ia iho. Ma nā ulu lāʻau, nā ʻiole, nā squirrels, hiki i nā chipmunks ke hānai i:
- pua koniposa,
- ʻōpū
- mauʻu
- hua kanu
- nā lāʻau a ʻona a me nā lāʻau hoʻopunipuni
- holoholona hālohelohe.
ʻO kahi kumu lāʻau kūpono no nā holoholona ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka paina penikala, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā manu nui e ʻai nui i nā pono, nā ʻala a me ka mauʻu. Loaʻa nā koloka like ʻole, nā kaila popo a me ka capercaillie no ka mālama ʻana i kēlā mea ikaika a me ka dodgy predator e like me ka marten.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻaina marten ʻokoʻa like ia me ko ka nahele marten. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻokoʻa. I waena o nā kuahiwi, nā bunn mauna - hiki ke lilo ka pikas i meaʻai. Hiki i nā gophers ke hoʻopiha i ka waihona hānai i nā wahi i hele wāwae. A ʻo ke koena, ʻo ke kumu o ka hānai e like me nā kiʻi a me nā manu like ʻole.
Noho ka Martens ma nā ululāʻau poʻokela, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā nahele lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ka huaʻala a me nā hua o nā lāʻau ʻēa ʻē aʻe e huki nei i nā squirrels, nā kiole a me nā manu.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka biotope e makemake ʻia no ka marten he taiga a me nā ulu lāʻau i ʻili ʻia. Maanei aia i ʻike ai i ka nui o ka ʻai wale nō, akā, i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomohala hua.
Nā hale noho a me nā ʻāina
Makemake nā martens āpau e noho i nā kuilahi. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, hollow, akā ola akā e ola mau ana nā lāʻau ikaika ikaika. I ka hoʻohui i nā martens, squirrels, chipmunks, nā manu (woodpeckers, pikas, nuthatches, tits, etc.) i hoʻopiʻi i kēlā mau puʻu. I kekahi manawa, noho nā bea keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo Far Eastern i loaʻa iā lākou. I kēia manawa, i ka nui o nā lā nui i ʻike pinepine ʻia, aia koi ʻia kēia mau waʻa i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi lua i lalo o kahi lāʻau, ʻaʻole kūpono i nā moʻo welina a Far East.
Ma kahi nāwaliwali o nā lāʻau, loaʻa i nā martens ke noho i waena o nā pōhaku. No laila ua inoa ka inoa o nā ʻano - batu marten. Hoʻohui i ka wa ma waena o nā pōhaku, hiki i kēia marten ke hoʻohana i nā nalo a i ʻole e hopu ʻia ana i nā nest o nā manu nui.
Hiki i kēia holoholona i ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā hale āpau i nā wahi āu e moe ai a noho i ke anuanu, a me nā wahi i hiki ai ke hana i ka lua. I kekahi manawa he mau mea kēia mau manaʻo, akā pono nā kūlana no ka den.
ʻO nā huaʻumi nā holoholona me ka hana hoʻoweliweli. I mea e mālama ai i ka pūnaewele, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā Martens, e like me nā mammals āpau, hana i kēia me nā mea ʻala. He mea ʻona ʻāpana nā māka i ʻike ʻia e ka lipine anal. Kahi pono ka hana ʻana o nā palena ʻona, ʻo ka mea mua i mea e pale ʻia mai nā kāne like ʻole. E uhi ʻia nā palena o ke kāne a me nā wahine.
ʻO ka maʻamau ka nui o nā manaʻo o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka nui o nā plots i hilinaʻi i ka hiki ʻole o ke kanaka e hoʻopili i nā hōʻailona ʻala ma ke kahua o ka papa ʻōlelo, akā e hōʻike pū ai i ko lākou kuleana i kēia pae ʻāina. Hiki i kekahi kanaka nui ke lanakila i kahi ʻāina nui.
Aia nāʻokoʻa ma ka nui o ka pūnaewele a me nā kau. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā ʻāpana o nā kānaka a pau ke lilo i hapalua e like me ke kauwela. Mahele ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoilo, he mea maʻalahi ia e pale i nā kūlana o ka hau hohonu a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka hānai.
ʻO Marten a me ke kāne: nā ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana
ʻOkoʻa ka pilina ma waena o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona. Hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻopilikia i ka ola kanaka a i ʻole ka mahiʻai holoholona. I kēia mea, ʻike nā martens ma nā wahi kūwaho i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā noho. ʻAʻole lākou e kau i kahi pōpilikia o ke olakino a me ke ola o ke kanaka, me ka ʻole o ke kūlana i ka mea i hoʻonaʻo ke kanaka i ka holoholona ʻilihune i pale aku iā ia iho a pale i kāna hua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi manawa e hoʻoilo ai ka holoholona i ka heihei moa a lawe i ka moa i kona ulu ākea. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau loa kēia.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pōhaku marten i nā loina moa ma mua o kāna pili aloha. Ke manaʻo nei paha kēia ma muli o ka uluʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka nui o nā kiʻi a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā manu liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ulu lāʻau hoʻohui o Eurasia.
Akā hoʻokahi wehewehe hou i ka mau martens e hele ana i kahi e noho ai kahi kanaka, mālama i kāna lako a loaʻa nā holoholona i loko. ʻO kēia ka luku ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona.
Ke hele nui nei nā ulu lāʻau. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ia kahi o ka wana i kāwili ʻia e hōʻeha ana i ka hapa nui, kahi i loaʻa i ka marten ka nui i kaʻai a me ka wahi noho. Ka leka a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e hoʻopau loa i ka nohona maoli o ka marten. Akā, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ke kumu pyrogenic ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻopau nā mea hao i nā lāʻau a pau, hana i ka mauʻu i ʻole ka nahele i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. I kēia mau kūlana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pine pine. ʻO nā holoholona e ola nei, inā ʻaʻohe o lākou e neʻe ai, e hoʻāʻo e hānai, hoʻoulu a hoʻoulu i ka lehu. ʻO kahi hopena, ke koiʻia nei lākou e kipa aku i nā home o kānaka, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopau pinepine ai no lākou.
Inā he mauʻu nāhelehele (ka mauʻu, nā ʻōpala, nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā mea kanu kīwela) a me nā manawa pinepine, loaʻa nā lāʻau i ka pyrotrauma. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke ahi, e hoʻopau paha kahi lāʻau a hāʻule. Hoʻopau nā ahi ʻōpala pinepine i nā hopena like me nā ahi ahi. ʻO ke kaʻina wale nō ka lohi. No nā martens a me nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō hopena - make mai kahi kīpē ʻole, hele i nā ʻano lāʻau i pau ʻole i ka puhi ʻia, a hoʻouka kaua i nā kīkino i hana ʻia e ke kanaka waiwai.
He maʻalahi ka hopena - mai luku i ka biotope marten a e pākuʻi ʻia i kou mau home. E makemake kēia holoholona e noho i nā ululāʻau ulu lāʻau, kahi e ʻai ai a ma kahi e peʻe ai. E waiho iā ia i kēlā mau palaina a makemake ʻole ʻo ia i kou home.
ʻO ka nānā aku, ʻoiai ʻo kā KAUʻUA!
ʻO kahi mammal predatory me ka hulu lōʻihi mai ka ʻohana o marten a me nā genen marten i kapa ʻia he pine marten. I kekahi ala, ʻo ia kekahi i kapa ʻia o ka ʻeleʻele. Pine marten oblong a ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO kona ʻili momona nani a nani i kona mau hapa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻAʻole ka lawelawe lā ʻo ka huelo i kahi hoʻohanohano o kēia holoholona, me kona kōkua i ka mea marten ke hoʻomau i ka pale ʻana i ka wā e lele ana a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana ʻana i nā kumulāʻau.
Hōʻike ʻia kona mau wāwae ʻehā e kona mau wāwae i ka hulu me ka hulu me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ka holoholona i neʻe i ka holo ma mua o ka hau a me ka hau. Ma kēia mau wāwae ʻehā he ʻelima mau manamana lima, me nā kāwili lima.
Hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka hapalua. ʻO ka maka o ka maka o ka marten ākea a pālahalaha loa. He iwi ikaika ka holoholona a me nā niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka pepeiao ka pepeiao o nā marten he lapalapa nui, kahi nui e pili ana i nā muzzle. Ma luna ua kāʻei ʻia lākou a me kahi kāʻeleʻele melemele.
ʻIli ʻia ka ihu, ʻeleʻele. Pōʻele ka lā; Forest marten i ke kiʻi waiho wale ai i nā manaʻo maikaʻi. ʻIke i kahi mea hoʻomehana a maikaʻi ʻole ʻole me kahi ʻano hala ʻole. ʻO ke kala nani a maikaʻi loa o ka hulu marten ke kau nei.
Mai ke aniani māmā mai me ka yellowness a ka brown. Ma ka wahi o ke kua, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae, ʻoliʻoli mau ka lauoho i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao. Kele pinepine ka ʻele o ka huelo o ka holoholona.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka marten mai nā meaʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe a pau ka peni ʻula a ʻulaʻula paha i ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻāʻī, e hāloe ʻia ana ma mua o nā wāwae mua. Mai kēia mai ka inoa mai o ka inoa inoa o ka marten - ka mea ola melemele.
ʻO nā kiko o kahi mea kime e like me nā ʻāpana o kahi pākahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino 34-57 cm.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka peʻa 17-29 cm.ʻO ka wahine ka 30% ma lalo o nā kāne.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka pine marten
Hoʻopuni ka ʻāina ākea o Eurasia i nā luna o kēia ʻano. Noho ka Martens ma ka nahele i kekahi wahi nui. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi e hoʻomaka ana mai Britain nui a hiki i ke komohana, i ka Caucasus a me nā mokupuni o ke Mediterranean, ma Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, Iran a me Asia Minor.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i ke ʻano o nā nahele i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole i loaʻa pinepine nā conifers. Auka pinepine ka marten i noho i nā mauna i ke kuahiwi, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi aia kahi kumu lāʻau.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i nā lāʻau me nā hollows. Ma ke kahua ākea hiki iā ia ke hele wale no ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā wahi kūpono o nā pōhaku no ka marten he wahi kūpono ʻole ia.
ʻAʻohe noho paʻa i ka pēpē melemele. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka puʻu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 mika, ma nā hiapo, nā nalo, nā pale a me nā puahiʻu. I nā wahi, e pau ka holoholona no ka hoʻomaha o kahi lā.
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pua nani, hoʻomaka ka mea nāna e ʻimi, a ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ka wahi ma kahi e. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā frosts koʻikoʻi, he loli paha kona kūlana ola, noho ka marten no ka manawa lōʻihi e noho nei i loko o ka puʻu, e ʻai ana i nā lako i mālama ʻia i mālama mua ʻia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka pine marten i ka noho mamao loa i nā kānaka.
Nā kiʻi o ka Marten ikaika i ka nānā aku iā ia me ka manaʻo a me kekahi makemake ʻole hiki ke lawe i ka holoholona i kona mau lima a me kahi hahau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe hahai manu no kēia mau holoholona koʻikoʻi o kēia mau holoholona a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ulu lāʻau me nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka marten, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana no lākou e ola a hoʻoulu. Marten ma Rusia no ka mea ke manaʻo nui ʻia i nā holoholona waiwai nui ma muli o ka waiwai o kona hulu.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
E makemake ana ka pine marten i mea ola a hānai i nā lāʻau ma mua o nā mea āpau o kāna ʻano. Piki aku ʻo ia i kā lākou mau kahi noho. Kōkua kona ʻili iā ia e hoʻokūkū me kēia, lawelawe ʻo ia no ka marten, kahi huila, a i kekahi manawa he parachute, mahalo nui iā ia e lele ka holoholona a ʻaʻohe hopena.
ʻAʻole weliweli loa nā luna o nā kumulāʻau i kēia manawa, neʻe koke ia mai ka lālā i kekahi a hiki ke lele i ʻehā mau mika. Ma ka ʻāina, e lele ʻo ia nō hoʻi. He mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻauʻau, akā he lōʻihi loa ia.
I ke kiʻi, he pine marten i kahi hollow
He holoholona dexterous a wikiwiki hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke uhi koke i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO kona ʻano kūpono o ka ʻono, ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, e kōkua nui ana i ka wela. Ma kona ʻano, he holoholona wīwī a wiwo ʻole. Ma waena o lākou, kamaʻilio nā martens me nā purrs a me nā mea ulu, a nā leo e like me ka twitter e hiki mai ana i nā pēpē.
E hoʻolohe i ka ʻōlelo ʻana mai i ka pine marten
Hoʻaiho
ʻO kekahi kanaka o kēia ʻano ola ka nui ma nā nahele ulu coniferous-beech . ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā wahi i Polesie, i nā nahele i kāwili ʻia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka holoholona. Hiki i ka pine marten ke ola i nā wahi kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe, nona kona kiʻekiʻe he 1800 mau mika ma luna o ke kai.
ʻO nā wahi punahele kahi e noho ai nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano holoholona ua manaʻo ʻia he mau nahele, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka. He makani a me kahi hollow i nā lāʻau kahiko e kōkua i ka pine marten e hūnā i ka pilikia, loaʻa kahi wahi mahana no ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomaha wale.
ʻAʻole noho nā holoholona i kahi hoʻokahi . ^ E Ha yM. Pili lākou i kahi ola o ke ola e hoʻomaha ai i ka lā, loaʻa i ka holoholona kahi hona kūpono e kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hiamoe lākou ma mua o ka pouli. Holo nui ka holoholona holoholona i ka pō , i ke ahiahi ua kokoke hiki ke hālāwai.
Noho hoʻokahi wale nō nā ʻano o kēia ʻano. . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻonoho malū ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i kahi mahele kūʻokoʻa o ka pae, a mākaʻikaʻi nā holoholona. Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka ʻāina o nā wahine i ka palena o nā kāne, i kekahi manawa ke hiki ke kahalulu.
Ma ka hihiu, ua hālāwai kēia ʻano o ka poʻe predator i nā ʻenemi he nui. He mea maʻamau ia e pili ai iā lākou :
ʻO wai ka mea hulle hulle?
ʻO Sable, ka mea i loaʻa i ka Siberian taiga, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohui i ka meaʻai maʻamau no nā martens āpau, ke kālahele a me ka capercaillie. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna meaʻai ua paʻa i ka pikas (senostavki) a me nā squirrels - sables i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻopau nei ma kēia ala e pili ana i mau miliona miliona o kēia mau holoholona ulu.
Nui mau ʻano martens
ʻO Martens (mai Lat. Martes) - he moʻomeheu o nā mamm karnivor mai nā ʻohana marten (Mustelidae). Wahi a ka laulā, heʻokoʻa nā ʻano he nui a me nā subspecies, kahi o ka ʻohana marts marsupial. Ma Lūkia aia kahi charza, ka pōhaku a me nā pine marten, sable. No ka huluhulu, ʻelua mau mea nui o kēia holoholona i hoʻohana ʻia - ka nahele a me ka pōhaku marten. Noho ʻo Martens ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o Rūsia, Western Siberia, China, Mongolia, Western Asia.
Eleni Amerikake (Martes americana)
Ilka (Martes pennanti), a i ole Pecan
Elaine Malek
Marten (Martes martes)
Nilgir Harza (Marte gwatkinsii)
Pono (Martes zibellina)
Harza Kauana
Ianuenne Marten (Martes melampus)
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - a kahi lahilahi
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (lat. Martes americana) kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana marten. Ma waho e like me ka pine marten, e ʻokoʻa wale i nā wāwae nui a me kahi muzzle māmā. ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka marten ʻAmelika ʻo ia ʻo Alaska, Kanada, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ka kahiʻelele o ka marten ʻAmelika ka mea kanu lōʻihi e like me ka ulu lāʻau i hoʻohui ʻia.
He kino lōʻihi a wīwī ka ʻōiwi ʻAmelika, me ka pulu ʻalopihi, nā mānoanoa a me nā ʻili, hoʻi i ke kala mai ka melemele keʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele ka ʻāʻī o nā holoholona, a he ʻeleʻele ka ʻili a me nā wāwae. Ma ka muzzle ʻelua mau laina ʻeleʻele e holo lele ana mai nā maka aku. ʻO ka huluhulu lōʻihi lōʻihi ka hapa o ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona. ʻO nā marten he mau hapalua-elongated nā pale e hoʻolāʻau i nā kumulāʻau, me nā wāwae nui, kūpono i nā wahi hau.
ʻO ka hopu a me ka deforestation i alakaʻi i ka nalowale o nā hale noho, a no laila he hopena ma ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o ka nui. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka marten ʻAmelika e hoʻoponopono pono iā ia iho i ka helu o nā poʻe a no laila ʻaʻohe hoʻoweliweli i pau. He nui nā martens ʻAmelika i make i nā pahele bit. ʻO ka marten ʻAmelika ka ʻenemi o nā holoholona kālepa - squirrels a me nā kelani. Holo lākou i ka martens no ka mea ʻo ia ka hulu momona. Ma mua, ua uku lākou ma $ 100 no kēlā ʻili, akā ʻo kēia kumu ke $ 12- $ 20 no kēlā ʻili.
Ilka - ka nui loa o nā marten
E ʻike ʻia i ka inoa ʻo Fisher (pine) English, Pecan (Farani), Ilka (Lūkini), ʻAmelika a me Virgin Pole. Ua loaʻa i ka marten ka inoa "lawaiʻa" mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekane - "lawaiʻa", consonant me ka palani "fichet" - ferret.
Noho ʻo Ilka i nā ululāʻau ulu o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, mai nā mauna ʻo Nevadaada ma Kaleponi a hiki i nā mauna Appalachian ma West Virginia. Makemake ʻo ia i nā kumu lāʻau taiga me nā kumu nui he nui. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau pinepine lākou i nā lua, i kekahi manawa e ʻeli ai iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo. He loli a wikiwiki hoʻi ʻo Ilki, nā lāʻau ākea e piʻi maikaʻi, nā mea piʻi maikaʻi, akā hele maʻamau ma ka papa.
ʻO kahi mea moʻomanaʻo manuahi mai kahi ʻohana nui o marten. ʻOiai ke kapa nei lākou iā ia he mea lawaiʻa marten, ʻai nui ʻo ia i ka iʻa me ka liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole anuanu. ʻO Ilka ka mākaʻikaʻi nui loa o ka ʻohana marten, ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka ʻili 75-120 cm.ʻO ke ʻano he ilka ka like me ke kahe ʻūhā - kino lōʻihi me nā wāwae pōkole, ʻelima mau pepeiao, me nā ʻāpana retractable, he poʻo ʻihi a me ka hoʻoluʻu, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ka lei, lōʻihi , ka ʻala a me ka fluffy.
He kala ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ka holoholona i hala, ka hulu ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā poʻohiwi me ke kala kala, nā pehu a me nā ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka ilka kahi wahi keʻokeʻo a ʻoluʻolu paha i kahi o ka lauoho i loko o ke aʻa. He lōʻihi, pale a koʻikoʻi ka lole. Nā wool ma ke kua a hiki i 3 cm, ma ka umauma a hiki i 7 cm lōʻihi.
ʻO Ilka kahi mea hoʻonani karnivorous he mea kupaianaha hoʻokahi, kekahi o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e kāʻili ʻia ana i ka porcupine. Mālama ʻo ia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe - nā mice, chipmunks, squirrels, hares. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi ʻo Ilka, ka hapanui ke kāne. He kumuhanaʻo ʻo Ilka no ka hiʻona i kahi aniani ʻulaʻula maikaʻi me kahi kaila hoʻowalewale o kahi "kapa hulu".
Mahalo nui nā pua huki i ka hulu kūlohelohe o nā ilka: kahi motley paʻakikī, nā ʻōpala haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻāʻī mai ke kea a hiki i ka popo i lilo iʻeleʻele, kiʻekiʻe me ke kao o ka marten. ʻAʻole ka hulu hoʻokahi ke ʻano like. I loko o nā paila nui, ʻoi aku ka palupalu. Nui nā huahana e kuʻi ʻia mai ka hulu manu - nā kapa ʻahuʻula, nā kapa ʻahuʻula pōkole, nā vests, nā kihi. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai nui o ka hulu, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike ai i kahi huahana mai ilka, ʻo ka mea nui wale nō i ka catwalks a me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā mea hoʻolālā kaulana. ʻO kēia no ke kaʻili o ka fur ilka, e noho wale ana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Pohaku Mauʻāina Marten
ʻO ka marten pōhaku, a i ʻole ke kapa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana a nā puʻu (mai Latin Martes foina) he mamalia make a me ka ʻohana o marten (Mustelidae). Noho ka pōhaku marten i ka hapa nui o Eurasia. ʻO kona kaila e neʻe aku mai ka Iberian Peninsula a hiki i Mongolia a me ka Himalaya. ʻO ka melenia ka maʻamau loa ma ʻEulopa a me nā mea make wale nō, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ke noho kokoke ʻana i nā wahi noho kanaka. Pane ka marten Stone i nā wahi neoneo o ka hale kahiko a me nā kumu paʻa o nā hale pāmu, hiki ke noho i nā wahi ākea, i nā alahele, nā anuʻu a me nā wao nahele, i nā ʻāina mauna.
He poʻo nui ke poʻo marten a me kahi muzzle liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia. Hoʻopili ke kino, lōʻihi a ʻūlū. ʻO nā pōkole pōkole me nā manamana lima ʻelima ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, ke kau a kaohi. Nā wāwae ma kahi wāwae. He lōʻihi ka huʻu, ua uhi ʻia me nā lauoho pala, nā pepeiao nui he ʻuʻuku ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lei marten ka hulu hina. ʻO ke kala nui o ka pōhaku marten he hina-brown. Ma ka ʻāʻī he ʻānuʻā keʻokeʻo bifurcated kūloko, i ke ʻano o nā lio kaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke holo i nā wāwae mua. ʻO ka kala hoʻoilo, kahi kala brownish-smoky me kahi pale pua i kau ʻia, hāʻawi i nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa i ka hulu marten. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule, heʻeleʻele ke kala o ka marten, pōkole a ʻilihune.
Hoʻohana i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wai puna i nā mea he marten peʻa, inā he ʻoi aku ka mālamalama, ʻoi aku ka ʻōlaʻi, a ʻoi aku ke kapa lōʻihi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kauwela a me ka ʻā. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pua o ka marten peʻa i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, ua pena nui ia. ʻO nā kapa huluhulu, nā pāpale pōkole pōkole mai kahi palahalaha mai ka mart mart fur, i ʻoki aʻokiʻoki, nā pōpoki a me nā pāpale.
Marten pine marten
ʻO ka pine marten, a i ʻole nā poʻo melemele, a i ʻole nā puluʻu (mai Lat. Martes martes) he ʻano i ka mammal no ka ʻohana o marten (Mustelidae). Ua kapa ʻia kekahi manawa i nā "marten hanohano", no ka maikaʻi a me nā waiwai o ka hulu. Noho ia ma ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāpana komohana o ʻAsia. Aia ka lula mai ka mokupuni Pelekane a hiki i Siberia Komohana a ma ke kūkulu hema mai ke kahakai ʻo Caucasus a me Elburz. Noho ka pine marten (baum marten) i luna o nā kumulāʻau, i nā ulu ulu a me ka lau ʻili. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā manu, rodents (squirrels), e hānai ana i nā hua manu.
Ua liʻiliʻi ia ke poʻo o ka pine marten, me nā puʻu ʻōkuhi kuahi, nā pepeiao me nā kihi ākea. ʻOkoʻī loa nā kiki, pili, ke hoʻopili ʻia e ke ʻano o ke ola kūlohelohe. Hoʻāliʻiliʻi ke kino o ka pine marten me nā wāwae pōkole a me nā lauoho ma nā wāwae. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo a me ka wikiwiki, ʻo kāna hana ka mea e mālama ai i ke kaulike i ka piʻi ʻana a me ka lele. Ma ke poʻo he mau pepeiao pepeiao e hui ʻia e ke kaula melemele, ʻeleʻele ka ihu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai ka 45 a 58 cm ka lōʻihi, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai 16 a 28 cm, a ʻo ka paona he 0.8 a 1.8km. ʻO ka maʻa mau he 30% ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka pine marten ka pua a maloʻo, maloʻo a palalula paha, he wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka huelo lōʻihi. No ka pili ʻana i ka spnse spnse, hāʻawi ka df underfur i ka ʻili i kahi ʻano lili maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka hulu keokeo a me ke silky. I ke kauwela, lilo i nā pōkole a paʻakikī i nā lauoho pineen. ʻO ka hulu o ka pine marten i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka pahu koholā a i ʻole he kala ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me kahi hoʻohui i kahi hina hina. ʻ are like ke kua o ke kua, ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū. ʻAnoʻeleʻele nā pale a me ka huelo, nā pepeiao me ka pohā i ke kukui ma ka ʻaoʻao, ma ka ʻūhā a me ka lalo o ka ʻāʻī - nui me kahi ʻāpana mālamalama.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā pine pine, i loaʻa i nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina ākea o Rūsia, he mau hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa. Ma kēia mea, māhelehele ʻia nā ʻili a pau i nā ʻano helu martens: Kuban, waena, komohana, ʻākau, Murmansk, Ural.
Hoʻohui hou i nā ʻano, ua ʻokahele ʻia nā paila pine marten i ʻehā mau ʻāpana.
ʻAʻeleʻele polū. ʻO ka hulu ʻeleʻele ka hulu me ka leo ʻulaʻula. Ke iho hina hina-polu i ka kumu a he hina hina i ka piko.
Polū. ʻO ka hulu ka hulu. Hina hina ka hina.
Kōʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ke one o ka hulu, aia kekahi hue ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia ka hapa nui loa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻili. He hina hina ka lalo i lalo o ke kumu, a ma nā kihi he mālamalama māmā ia.
Sand. ʻO ka hulu ka meli me kahi kukui melemele māmā. Hina ka hina i ka kumu, ka melemele i nā peaks.
ʻO nā mea waiwai nui he mau ʻili me nā hulu uliuli polū. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia nā paʻu Marten. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana like ke ʻano kala me nā huahana mai ka sable. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā lole a me nā pāpale. ʻO nā huahana i hanaʻia o ia ʻano mea eʻoluʻolu loa i ka pā, e ʻalo pono ana nā villi.
ʻO Nilgir Harza - kahi pākē lihi
ʻO Gingir harza (Latin Martes gwatkinsii) kahi makua kūpuna o ka ʻohana Mustelidae. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻelele nui a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻia o ka genus marten, me ka harza (Martes flavigula). ʻO nā ʻano mea wale nō i loaʻa i India no South India. Noho ma nā puʻu ʻo Nilgiri a me nā Hale Kōkeke Komohana.
ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka marten Nilgirian deciduous, mauna mauna evergreen (kofe, cardamom, nā lāʻau kanu akasia) a me nā ʻike wai ʻauʻau. Noho ia ma nā puʻu mai 600 a 1400 m ma luna o ke kai. Hōʻalo i nā wahi wehe.
ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka charza Nilgir me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke ʻanoʻano i hiki ʻole ke hiki. Ke lilo nei i ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele ma luna a me kahi poni-ʻulaʻula melemele ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelemaka ʻoniʻoni nui o nā moʻomehe marten.
ʻO ka martin Nilgirian he manu makehewa e hopu ana i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā rodents (nā squirrels Indian, nā kiʻi wāwae keʻokeʻo), nā pepeke (cicadas), nā reptile (lizards, Bengal monitor lizards) a me nā mammals liʻiliʻi (Asian deer).
He holoholona lire loa ʻo Nilgirian marten. Kuhi ʻia nā mea i loko o ka International Red Book a i loko o ka CITES Convention (Appendix III). Ke hoʻomau nei ka heluna kanaka ma muli o ka nalowale o ka noho ʻana. Hōʻalo i ka noho kanaka ʻana.
Harza - ʻIkoi Motley Marten
ʻO Kharza, a i ʻole marten umauma, a i ʻole Ussuri marten (Martes flavigula) he wahi i manaʻo ʻia i ka ʻohana marten. ʻO ka nunui nui loa, i kū i ke kino o ke kino a me ka hoʻonaninani hoʻonaninani o ka genen marten, i kekahi manawa i hūnā ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano kuʻuna.
I loko o nā holoholona o ka ʻAmelika Amur-Ussuri o Rūsia, ke kahe i nā kahe mai nā ʻāina o Asia Hema, ʻoiai ka mea nui i loko o kāna pae e uhi ana i nā Mokupuni Nui, ʻo Malacca Peninsula, Indochina, nā kahawai o ka Himalaya, Kina, a me nā kūleʻa Korea. Aia kekahi wahi kaawale ma kahi hema o ke kūloko ʻĀina.
ʻO Kharza kahi holoholona maʻamau o nā ulu coniferous a me nā ʻōpala i hui ʻia. Maikaʻi e noho i nā pali o nā mauna a me nā kahe o nā muliwai. Aia ma Myanmar, e noho ana i nā wahi iʻa, a i Pakistan - i ka wao nahele, nā mauna paʻa ʻole. Mālama nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina, ʻoiai e piʻi maikaʻi ʻo ia. E holo wikiwiki loa ia, a lele i ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau, lele i ka 4 mika.
ʻO ka loa kino 55-80 cm, ʻo ka huelo 35-44 cm, ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 5.7 kg. Ma ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi e noho ana i kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi muzzle kuhikuhi ʻia a ʻaʻole nui nā pepeiao. Hoʻopili ke kino, muscular, hikiwawe loa, ikaika o nā wāwae puʻupuʻu me nā wāwae ākea. He papalaha ka huelo. ʻO ka palupalu ke kūleʻa, pōkole, huluhulu. ʻOi aku ka lūlū o ke kauwela ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele loa, ma ka kua. ʻO ka hoʻoilo, he pōkole nā aʻai o ka charza, kapa, ʻū, lau.
ʻO nā mea ākea i ka multicolor, ka waihoʻoluʻu motley. ʻO ka ʻāpana a me ka māmā o ka peʻa ke kala. Kihi ʻia ka luna pono o ke poʻo a me nā puʻu o ka charza, he keʻokeʻo ka lalo. ʻO ke kapa ma luna o ke ʻāʻī a me ka umauma ka melemele, ma ke kino aia ia i kahi kukala gula keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka sacrum, a ma nā wāwae he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka hiʻu.
ʻO Kharza kekahi o nā puʻuwai hoʻokaumaha ikaika loa o ka Ussuri taiga. Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā rodents, nā mauʻu, mollusks, hares, a me nā manu. I kekahi manawa e hoʻouka ai i nā keiki bipi ʻōpiopio - puaʻa ʻalā, manuʻa Manchurian, elk, roe deer, sika deer, and gorel. Kū pinepine kekahi i nā ʻīlio raccoon, kamaʻilio a me nā ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Berry a me nā pine pine i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a mālama ʻia i ka meli meli. Akā ʻo ka mea waiwai punahele o Kharza he musk deer.
Heʻuʻuku loa ka waiwai kūʻai kālā o ka charza, no ka mea heʻuʻuku loa, a he ʻāpana iki kona ʻili. Maʻalahi ʻo Kharza ma ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkia; Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻāina i ka mahiʻai e ʻānai i nā wahi i kūpono no ke ola o kēia mea hoʻōla. Hoʻohui ʻia ma Annex III i ka Convention on International Trade i Endangered Spies of Fauna a me Flora (CITES). Aia i ka "List o mau mea o ka honua holoholona e pono ai ka nānā kūikawā i kā lākou kūlana i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe."
He hoahānau maikaʻi maikaʻi ko marten Kepani
He ʻenepela Kepani, a ʻo wau paha ʻapani Kepani (Latin Martes melampus) he ʻano no nā mamalu karnivor mai ka ʻohana Mustelidae. Ua noho mua ʻo martens Iapana ma Iapana ma nā mokupuni nui ʻekolu o Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, a ma Korea hoʻi kekahi. No ka hulu i ka makahiki 1949 i lawe ʻia ai i nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana o Hokkaido a me Sado. Noho ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous a coniferous, open field. Ua piʻi ke marten Iapana i 1800 m ma luna o ke kai.
ʻOkoʻa nā kala o ka ʻāpana o ka marten Iapana mai nā melemele-ʻoni a hiki i ke keʻokeʻo, he wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī a i hope hoʻi o ke poʻo. Loaʻa ia ia kahi lapa elongated maʻamau maʻamau o nā martens, pōkole pōkole, a me kahi huelo fluffy. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 47 a 54 cm, ka huki mai 17 a 23 cm.
Hene marten Kepanona kahi hoahānau pilikino i ka ʻohana marten. Mahalo nui ka Kepani i kēia hulu no kona pulu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, e hōʻike ana i ka mālamalama a me ka lā no lākou. ʻEleʻele ʻia kēia hulu. Ma hope o ke kiʻi kino, hele i ka ʻili ke nānā ʻia a nānā ʻia a nānā wale ʻia kona hiʻona melemele. ʻOhi loa ka hulu a ua aneane ʻole ia e hoʻohana i loko o ka ʻoihana.
Ua ʻimi ʻia nā martens Kepani no ko lākou hulu, akā, ʻo kekahi mau lehulehu (ma Hokkaido lāua ʻo Tsushima) e pale piha ʻole. Ua kiʻi ʻia ka marten Iapana no kāna mau ʻoni waiwai mai ka lā 1 Dekemaba a me Ianuali 31 ma nā wahi a pau ma kahi āpau, koe wale nō nā mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido lāua ʻo Tsushima, kahi e pale ʻia ai a mālama ʻia e ke kānāwai. Kahi maʻamau ma subhēmi Tsushima M. m. hopohopo ʻia e ka WSOP. Hōʻike nā haʻawina genetic e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo M. melampus mai Martes zibellina ma kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ma kahi o 1.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o nā martens
Hāʻawi i kahi hulu momona marten maikaʻi, ʻo nā martens i waena o nā holoholona hulu manu nui. Ma ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina o ko lākou mau kūlana, he helu liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā martens, no laila ke pale ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa iā lākou a ʻo kā lākou extraction i kahi kauoha paʻa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka mākaukau ʻo ka hana o ka marten he liʻiliʻi.Loaʻa nā hui i kahi hana ma kahi o 500 i nā ʻili he 500, ka hapanui o ka kūʻai lilo ʻia ʻana ma o ka poʻe lawaiʻa huners.
Ua hopu a ʻimi nā poʻe ʻokiʻoki i nā martens me nā pahele a me nā mokulele ʻē aʻe, akā ua lōʻihi nā loea lawaiʻa e ʻike ʻia nā ʻili manu i loaʻa i kēia ala ma aneʻi he 50% haʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa me ka ʻīlio. ʻO kēia pili ʻia i ka nui o nā kupapaʻu o marten i pepehi ʻia i loko o nā ʻanā i hōʻino ʻia e nā kiʻī like me nā kiʻi a me nā manu.
I ka wā kahiko, aia kekahi mau mea lawaiʻa i ʻike i ke alualu ʻana i ka marten e holo ana ma nā lei o nā kumulāʻau no nā mau mile, e ʻimi ana i nā wāwae o ka hau e hāʻule ana mai nā lālā. I kēia manawa aneane ʻole nā haku like ʻole, a ʻike nui ʻia ka marten.
ʻO ka pāpale Marten he hypoallergenic
ʻO ka hana nui o ka marten ka mea pono kūpono a me ka hulu manu, ke kumukūʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, ke haʻahaʻa loa a me ka uku. He mahana a kēia kumuhana, e hoʻokele a nani ia. ʻO nā huahana i ulana ʻia i ka hulu marten ua komo loa ia, no ka mea, he paʻu paʻakikī ka marten. ʻO ka ola lawelawe o ka manu marten ma ka 7 mau manawa. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lei marten no ka pena ʻana i nā lole mahana.
He kūpono no nā kāʻei lōʻihi lōʻihi a me nā kapa loloa pōkole pōkole a me nā kapa nani paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pāloʻi i nā pāpale, nā kihi, nā cuffs mai ka marten, e kāʻei i ka lole o waho, ʻo ka marten collar a me karakul furats coats e hana maikaʻi loa.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, no ka fashionista ʻenehana, ʻo ka fur kuni ʻo ia kekahi o nā koho kūpono loa, he nani a he kapa, a ma nā ʻano o ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā huahana marten ke hoʻonani wale i ka pilikino, akā ke hoʻololi pū nei i nā huakaʻi nui aʻe. ʻO nā kapa wīwī, scarves, marten stoles - he mea maikaʻi loa kēia, he ʻoluʻolu i kēlā me kēia wā, ke mahalo ʻia nei nā mea e hele ana e nā poʻe i hala, ʻo ia ka mea i hilinaʻi ʻia ma kou ʻano nani, ʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hulu marten kona hypoallergenicity. He pā hale hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi o ka Pile, me kahi hopena o nā lepo lepo e hoʻomoʻi ʻole i nā pehu ka holo ʻana. Mahalo i kēia, hiki i nā poʻe he nui i ka maʻi pālea e hiki iā lākou ke leʻaleʻa iā lākou iho me kahi huahana hulu manu a me ka mea hoʻōla manu marten, me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka hopena kūpono ʻole.
ʻO ka waiwai mōʻaukala o ka hulu marten
Ma Lūkia, ua lōʻihi ka waiwai o ka manu marten i ko mākou mau kūpuna. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻili o Kunya no ke kālepa, e uku ana i ka uku, i ke kūʻai ʻia no nā waiwai o nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā ʻāpana kālā Arab, i hana pono i ke kālā a me ke gula. I ka manawa mua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo kunas i mau pūpū o nā waiwai, a laila lilo ke kālā pilikino, a laila ma ke kālā kuʻuna. I Lūkini kahiko, ua lawelawe ʻia ka ʻili marten ma ke ʻano he kālā waiwai - hoʻokahi kun.
ʻO Cuny furs i haʻi ʻia i loko o ka poʻomanaʻo kahiko kahiko o Lūkia "ʻO ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka Regina o Igor", ʻoiai he "furs hanohano". ʻO nā aliʻi, nā keikikāne a me nā luna inoa o ka hanohano i kāʻei ʻia i ko lākou mau kapa kaua. ʻO kahi kapa huluhulu kunya a i ʻole nā kihi ke kapa ʻole i hiki ke komo i ka poʻe mahiʻai a i ʻole ka mea akamai, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku. Ua hoʻohana like nā mea kākau Helene kahiko i kahi huaʻōlelo Slavic e pili ana i ka inoa o ka lole hulu o ka poʻe e noho ana ma ka ʻākau o lākou.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua pālahalaha kahi ala o nā ʻehā a me nā superstitions ma hope o ka marten, ua manaʻo lōʻihi ʻia ka holoholona hihiu. E like me ka ermine, he harbinger o nā hanana hauʻoli a me nā mea e ʻoliʻoli ana.
Ka home ka nui o nā holoholona like ʻole. ʻO nā mea aloha, nā mommals, nā manu, nā reptile - kahi lōʻihi mai kahi papa inoa piha o nā poʻe noho lāʻau. ʻO ka nani o ka ulu lāʻau, e lawe ana i kahi kapa nani o ka nani i ka ʻaha o ka meli buckwheat, ua kapa ʻia ia he marten. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻonemona.
ʻAi ʻia ka martens i ka protein?
He mea pono ʻole ke kūʻē ʻia e kekahi poʻe loea inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka palaki i ka pili ʻana o nā marten, a laila hiki iā martens ke haʻalele i kēia wao nahele no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai e like me. Eia naʻe, nā noiʻi hou e nā zoologists a me nā mea ʻepekema e ʻae iā mākou e holo i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Hoʻokomo wale nō ma ka hā o coniferous taiga i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, 44,5% o nā martens i hōʻoki ʻia i ʻike i ke koena o ka protein i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ma ka manawa o ke kauwela, ʻaʻole mālama nui ka marten iā lākou. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea i pili ma waena o nā protein a me nā martens a inā paha i makemake ka gastronomic i ka marten e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā helu o ka protino iā lākou iho. Hiki ke loaʻa wale kahi mea hoʻowalewale i ka wā he nui ka nui o nā martens a hoʻolako iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka e luku i ka protein. Ma ke koena o ke kūlana, ke kumu o ka hapa ʻole o ka protein (i hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia kēia e ka poʻe poʻe lawaiʻa e hele nei i ka pūʻali) ʻoi aku ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana - ka nele o ka ʻai kumuʻai no kēia holoholona.
ʻO nā ʻāpana Kukala
ʻO ka ʻōpū ma kahi marten e mau ana i 236-237 mau lā a ua mahele ʻia i 2 mau manawa. ʻO ka manawa mua e pili ana i nā lā 200 a he mea polū a huna ʻia. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā embryos a ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili i nā pā o ka ʻōpū. A, eia ka lua o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana - hoʻoluhi, paʻa mau i nā lā 27-28 wale nō. A, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ka hopena o Malaki aiʻole i ka mua o ʻApelila, hāpai ka hānau ʻana i ka hānau keiki. Eia nō kekahi i loko o kahi līlani ma kahi mai i ka 1 a 8 mau cub, akā ʻo ka manawa pinepine ʻo 4-5 ka holoholona kēia. ʻO nā litters nui a nānā wale ʻia i nā makahiki maikaʻi, i kākau mākou e pili ana i luna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka make kino o nā makahiki ʻōpio. A he 39-58% wale nō nā martens liʻiliʻi i ola i 1 makahiki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ke hoʻopili ʻia nei kēia e nā mea e pili ana, a ʻaʻole wale i ka mua o ka make o kēia mau mea hānai liʻiliʻi.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka marten
Ua kākau mua mākou ma luna o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi e noho i waho o ka ulu lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hiki i nā mea aloha ke kau mālie a hilinaʻi i ka ulu lāʻau, pono ia i kahi pale maikaʻi. ʻAʻole hana ke pine marten i kahi hana hili, akā ʻaʻole ia e kūʻē i ka lawe ʻana i ke kuahiwi kuapo ʻūlū, a i ʻole hoʻi e kiola ʻia i ka wai hohonu i loko o kahi luawai littered a i ʻole ma kahi paʻa o ka lāʻau kahiko. ʻAe, piʻi nō nā martens i nā lāʻau. A, ʻoiai hiki i kahi mea maʻamau ke manaʻoʻiʻo i kēia ʻaʻole pēlā, ʻoiaʻiʻo ke ʻimi nei e ʻimi nei i ka frogman. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma kekahi mau wahi o kona nohona, i ka nānā ʻana i ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻole ʻia ka mea, ʻaʻohe ka marten i hōʻike i ia mau mākaukau e holo i nā lāʻau. Ke hoʻokuʻi nei i kahi mea iʻa i ka lāʻau i hiki i ka baʻi - e alualu ia i kahi marten, a i ʻole he ʻīlio paha e hūnā ʻia i kahi kumulāʻau mai kona ʻimi ʻana. Eia nō kekahi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i nā ʻeke o nā kumulāʻau.