Petrela | |||||
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Cape Kalai (Hoʻolaha pāpālua) | |||||
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Kahikaua |
Kāohana: | Petrela |
Procellariidae Leach, 1820
Kahuʻume (lat. Procellariidae) - he ʻohana ʻohana noho aloha i nā lawena mai ke kauoha o nā paila. ʻO nā paila he nui nā ʻano manu, ka nui o nā manu o ka laulā nui. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana ma kahakai o nā kai āpau, akā ʻo ka hapa nui loa ma ka ʻalani ʻeke hema.
Hōʻanoʻike
E like me nā meaʻono, kā nā māka ʻohana o nā ʻohana ʻelua i ka pihi heʻe ma luna o ka beak i kahi o lākou i huna ai i ka paʻakai moana a me nā ʻono ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka beak ka lōʻihi a pili pū i ke kao o kahi koi a koʻikoʻi nā kihi. Hāʻawi kēia i ka mea maikaʻi e paʻa i ka pāla, e like me ka iʻa.
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻina a me nā loli. ʻO ka pipi liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka penikala liʻiliʻi, ʻo 25 cm kona lōʻihi, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 60 cm, a ʻo kona nui wale no ka nui o 170 g. ʻO ka mea wale nō ke aniani nui e like me nā albatrosses liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā waiwai i ka 1 m, nā ʻāpana a hala i ka 2 m a me ka paona a hiki i 5 kg.
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo a he keʻokeʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. He ʻano like ʻole nā ʻano o nā ʻano āpau a he mea paʻakikī loa kēia e ʻike i waena o lākou. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea moʻomeheu maʻamau i ʻike ʻia me nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā waiwai liʻiliʻi i nā wahine.
Hiki ke lele ikaika nā mea a pau, akā naʻe ma muli o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole lākou. Piʻi nui kā lākou mau wāwae wāwae i kahi mamao a aia ma hope o lākou. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae iā ʻoe e kū a kū ma luna o ka ʻāina ke hilinaʻi nui ka penikala ma kona umauma a me nā ʻēheu. [ ʻaʻole kumu i kuhikuhi ʻia ma 2325 mau lā ]
Ke noho maʻamau
Me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka wā moe, ke hoʻokahe nei nā wahi holo i ke ola holoʻokoʻa ma ke kai a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hiki i nā kūlana ʻeha loa. ʻO kā lākou ʻai ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona moana invertebrate e ʻauʻau kokoke ana i ka wai o ka wai. ʻO nā nīnela ʻeka, ma kahi kokoke i ke kapakai, pinepine nā pali i ʻole a i nā peʻa pōhaku. Mālama lākou i hoʻokahi hua hoʻokahi me ka lālani keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻokoʻa nui e pili ana i ka nui o ka manu. Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation mai 40 a 60 lā. Ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka ka honu ʻehā e lele ma hope o nā lā 50; i nā ʻano nui, loaʻa ka lele mua ma ka average ma hope o 120 lā.
Petrela
1. ʻōpala - nā Seabird midi nui
ʻO nā kinipona a i ʻole nā tube-bears ka inoa o ka hui like. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ka mahalo i nā ʻōpio puhi i ka ihu o nā penu (no ka mea ʻo ia ka inoa o ka inoa ʻelua), hiki i kēia mau manu ke hoʻolōʻihi i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma luna o nā kahe o ke kai a me nā kaona.
2. Ma mua o 80 o nā mea manuahi, miliona a keu - ua hoʻopiha kēia mau manu i nā kai a me nā moana o ko mākou honua.
3. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina āpau mai ka Pole ʻĀkau a hiki i ka Hema. Akā kaulana ka ʻolipela kūkulu hema no ka helu nui o nā ʻano ʻehā a nā mea ʻona. Noho ʻo Petrels ma kahi ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Pākīpika, ʻAkana, ʻAmelika kahakai. ʻO nā manu ākea e ʻike ʻia ma ke kapakai o Antarctica a me Australia. No ka loaʻa ʻana, koho lākou i nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi e noho ana i loko.
4. Elima mau ʻano o nā ʻōlaila ma kahi o ke kai Lūkia, ʻoi aʻe, he ʻumikumamākolu o kā lākou mau ʻano o ka ʻike i ka manawa i koho ʻia.
5. ʻO ka nui o nā kumu kila e like me nā ʻano. ʻO nā manu ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi loa a hiki i 25 sentimita, ko lākou mau eheu e pili ana i 60 sentimita, a ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 200 gram. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu i ka nui. Loaʻa nā hale kūʻai nui e pili kokoke i ka nui o nā albatrosses. ʻOi ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino kino ka mika 1 mika, mau kiaʻi e pili ana i 2 mau mika a me ke kauʻana o 5 kilogram, akā he mau kānaka a hiki i ka ʻekele 8-10.
6. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā biology he ʻelua mau kīʻaha o ke ailahi: nā mākaʻi a me ka ipo-ʻili.
ʻ Gilelo Mīkini Giant
7. ʻĀpana nunui nunui - ka manu nui loa o ka ʻohana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka beak e pili ana iā 10 mau kenimika, nā ʻēheu a hiki i ka 55 sentimita. ʻO ka beak i melemele keʻokeʻo i kahi kala me kahi ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula paha.
8. ʻO ke kala o ka pala i ka pākeke ka ʻeleʻele hina, keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāpana o ka hulu a me ke poʻo, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī. I nā holoholona'ōpiopio, uaʻeleʻele nā hulu a me nā ʻōuli keʻokeʻo.
9. Loaʻa kēlā mau ʻano ʻehā ma ka hema o ke Kaiʻulika, o ka Pākīpika, nā kaona ʻĀina. Pīhoʻi ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia.
Uila paila Hema
10. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kumu o ke kōlepa ma ke kūkulu hema ma kahi o 100 kenimika, kahi ʻēheu a hiki i 200 kenimika. Kau paona mai ka 2.5 a hiki i ka 5 kilograms. He melemele kona beak me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻō.
11. ʻElua mau koho waihoʻoluʻu manu no kēia manu - ʻeleʻele a me ka māmā. He keʻokeʻo ka plumage māmā, me nā hulu ʻeleʻele maʻamau. ʻO nā meaʻeleʻele he poli ʻulaʻula, me kahi poʻo keʻokeʻo, ke ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā kiʻi brown.
12. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano o nā kaʻaila ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kaiā, ʻo ka Pākīpika, nā kaʻe o Inia. ʻO nā pili ma nā mokupuni e kokoke ana i Antarctica.
Kālā huila e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ana
13. Kele iki a mau pahu pailiki: mau mea he 40 mau keneta lōʻihi me nā ʻēheu o 1 mika. ʻEleʻele ka plumage, kokoke i ʻeleʻele, he māmā ka ʻōpū o lākou.
14. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ka pulu māmā. Holo ʻo ia mai nā mokupuni i māla ʻia ma ka Bass Strait ma waena o Tasmania a me ke kapakai o Australia Hema. Kahi iho nei ua hanau pono i ka huina uila moena, ka hanau a lakou keiki.
15. ʻOiai ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, ʻae ʻia i kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi no ka ʻumi kaukani mau kilomita ʻole ka pilikia: mai Australia a Iapana, a laila ma waena o Chukotka a hiki i kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema a mai laila aku i ko lākou mau ʻāina, i ka moku ʻo Bassov. I nā huaʻōlelo, lele kēia pēpē a puni ka vēkela o ka Pakipika, ka mea nui loa ma ka Honua!
Kālehu hau
16. Keila paila - kahi manu liʻiliʻi me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 30 a 40 sentimita, mau ʻēheu a 95 sentimita, kaupaona ke 0,5 kilograms.
17. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o kēia ʻano he keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo kahi kokoke i ka maka. ʻEleʻele ka pīpī. He ʻulaʻala nā wāwae. Noho ia ma ke kahakai o Antarctica.
Keʻaleʻa hina
18. ʻO ke kumu hina hina kahi lōʻihi o 40 a 50 paha kenimika, kahi ʻēheu e pili ana i 110 kenimika. ʻO ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻāpana o ka plumage. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu he kālā. Ke ʻaʻe nei kēia manu i nā mokupuni hema o ke kaʻe o ka Pākīpika a me ʻAmelika.
ʻO ke kinolika Antartika
19. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo Antartika - ka lahilahi nui. ʻO kā lākou kino o ke kino e pili ana i 45 mau kenimika, nā pālahalaha a hiki i 110 kenimika, ke kaumaha 0.5-0.8 kilograms.
20. ʻO ka plumage o kēia ʻano, he māmā kala-hina ma ke kua a ke keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā ʻēheu ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻelua: brownish-brown me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i waenakonu. ʻEleʻele ka pala. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae i nā polu ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā mea pili i ka palena o Antarctica.
Kōnu ʻaila
21. Kaʻaila Blue - nā hua liʻiliʻi me nā ʻēheu a hiki i 70 kenimika. He hina ke kala ma ka hope, ke poʻo a me nā ʻēheu. Ke keʻokeʻo ke poʻo o ke poʻo. ʻUlaʻula a Beak. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae i nā membrane pink.
22. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele Blue he mea maʻamau ma nā mokulele subantarctic ma ka ʻāina ʻo Cape Horn.
Kenekela (maʻamau) maʻamau
23. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 31 a 36 paha kenimika, ka nui o 375-500 pāka. ʻO Wingspan a i ka 75 kenimika.
24. ʻokoʻa ke kala o kona kua i ke kala a ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele a hina hoʻi nā ʻēheu ma luna o ka ʻūhā ma lalo me ka palena ʻeleʻele. He ʻulaʻala-hina ka bila i kapa ʻia ma hope. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻeke a nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻAmelika Akau.
ʻO Pōʻaila Pie Aloha Pied
25. Kaʻaila kākā nui. ʻO ke lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia manu a hiki i 51 centimeter, nā mauheu i ka 122 sentimita. ʻAe ke kua i ka ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka hulu keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo. Keʻokeʻo ka tummy. ʻIke ʻia kahi pāpale ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo. ʻEleʻele ka pīpī. Noho ia ma ka ʻAkelika Hema.
Cape Petrel
26. ʻO nā manu nunu ʻo Cape a i ʻole nā ʻeke a ʻo Cape. ʻO ka paona o ka manu mai ka 250 a 300 mau grika, ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i ka 36 kenimika, ʻo nā ʻēheu a hiki i ka 90 kenimika. Ua pālahalaha nā ʻēheu, ʻo ka ʻili, pōkole.
27. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu e hoʻonani ʻia me ke ʻano ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo a ʻelua hoʻi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻili, nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua hoʻi ʻeleʻele. He ʻano maʻamau ka mea i loko o ke kahawai subantarctic.
ʻO Westel Petrel
28. ʻO ke kākela o Westland he lōʻihi kino manu a hiki i 50 kenimita. Beak hiʻona hiʻohiʻona paʻa-ʻano. ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele ka manu. Loaʻa wale nō lākou ma Aotearoa.
29. Mea ʻokoʻa nā ʻōlaʻi kai mai nā manu ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana i ka wai. I ka ʻōlelo Pelekane, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manu "petrel" - no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka lunaʻōlelo a Peter, ka poʻe i hele ma ka wai. Akā nā mea hana i loko o ke kōkua i nā membrane kūikawā i nā wāwae.
30. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka kala o ke kala. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hulu nā manu like i ka like - like nā kāne a me nā wahine - no laila ua paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano o nā ʻano pilikino like a me nā manu o nā kāne like ʻole i loko o nā ʻano like.
Ua lele maikaʻi nā lālā o ka ʻohana petrel, i nā ʻano holo ʻana wale. Aia kā lākou mau wāwae wāwae i hope a hoʻomohala maikaʻi. No laila, ʻo ka hele ʻana ma ka ʻāina no kahi petrel, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi.
32. ʻO ka beak i nā manu ka lōʻihi, ua like ia me ka māka me ke kihi ʻaki a me ke kihi, e kōkua ana i ka penikala e mālama i ka waiwai i puka mai i ka beak.
33. ʻO ka papaʻa kākela, kahi iʻa o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā lawaiʻa, a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hapa nui, makemake ka manu e ʻahaʻaina i ka hilahila, sprats, sardines, cuttlefish.
34. Ke hānai nui ʻia ka wahiʻa i ka pō, ke kahe ʻana o ka mea make i ka papa o luna o ka wai. I kēia hihia, nānā pono ka manu i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi, ma hope o ka manawa e hoʻokuʻi nui ʻia i ka wai i hope. Hiki i nā Petrels ke holo i ka lōʻihi o 6-8 m. Me ko lākou beak ua kānana lākou i ka wai kai, a waiho i ke koena ʻai.
35 No ka mea, koi nui ka hana ʻana mai ka manu, ua ʻohi pinepine ka ʻeke a loaʻa nā meaʻai, ke hele pū me nā lawaiʻa.
36. ʻO nā alahao i kau ʻia i nā pali i uhi ʻia i ka nāhelehele, mamao loa mai ke kai ma nā kolone nui. ʻO ka manawa mua o ka hana manu ʻana i nā manu ma waena o 8 mau makahiki he nui, i nā poʻe heʻehā - mai ka 3-4. He mau manu manuahi nā Petrels a hōʻike i ka hilinaʻi ʻaʻole wale nō kekahi i kekahi, akā no ko lākou wahi hana nano.
37. ʻAe like ʻole nā holoholona like ʻole. Kūʻai pinepine nā mākua i ka lua mai 1 a 2 mau mika hohonu e like me ka nalo. A laila e waiho ka wahine i kahi hua hoʻokahi, a hoʻohui nā kāne like i huli no 50-60 mau lā.
38. ʻO nā pule mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē, koi ʻo ia i ka mālama makua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ke kāne a me ka wahine i noho me ka pīkole no 2 mau mahina, a laila lele lākou i lele.
39. Nui nā ʻala a nā ʻala nui. ʻO nā manu, ʻo ia kahi makana maoli. Ma ke ʻako, loaʻa lākou i ka ʻona mai nā moku a me ke kālai.
40. I ka ʻohana petrel, ʻelua mau kumuwaiwai - Fulmarinae a me Puffininae. Kāne nā poʻe ʻelele o Fulmarinae i ka ilihune a ʻilihune; loaʻa ka ʻai i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. Nā mea lele loa aku ko lākou lele. Ua lele nā ʻelele o Puffininae, e hoʻolālā a lele pinepine i ko lākou mau eheu. Hōʻalo maikaʻi kēia mau manu no ka waiwai ma lalo o ka wai.
Poliki holi
41. ʻO nā wahine naʻaupō kekahi o nā mea kuʻuna maʻamau o ka ʻōlelo kipa-nosed ma Rūsia. Loaʻa iā lākou i ko lākou inoa ma muli o ka hōʻalo ʻia i nā mea āpau a puni. I ka manawa pinepine i ka hana ʻana - ma ka ʻāina - hiki i ka mea naʻaupō ke pani kokoke i kahi kanaka.
42. ʻO ka holo ʻana o kēia mau manu, hiki i ka ʻō a wīwī paha. I ke aniani, mālie ke ʻike, e ʻike ʻia e hoʻomaha ana i ka wai a i ʻole ka lele ma luna o kona ʻili.
43. Hoʻokele ʻo Stupys i ke kai ma ka hoʻokahi. I nā hipa e ʻohi wale ai lākou ma nā moku lawaiʻa e ʻohi i ka ʻōpala. I ka manawa like, pinepine lākou i hakakā, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kani ʻana o kēia mau manu.
44. He mau lōʻihi ke kaʻaila ma waena o nā manu. ʻO nā Petrels he haʻahaʻa ola e hiki i ka 30 mau makahiki. ʻO ka palekele hina hina kahiko ka noho ʻana he 52 mau makahiki.
45. No ke aha i kapa ʻia kēia mau manu uila? Mahope o ko lākou holo ʻana ma waena o nā kai a me nā kai, a ma ka ʻāina ke ʻike wale nō lākou i ka wā o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu. Ma mua o ka ʻino, e piʻi kēia mau manu mai ka maka o ka wai i ka lewa, kahi a lākou e koi ʻia ai e noho lōʻihi no ke anu ka lā. Holo ka nui o kēia mau manu i ka pā o ka moku e holo ana, me he mea lā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i nā luina e pili ana i ka ʻino. No laila, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau likela.
Kālā kākela
46. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā mākele o nā wahi ʻuʻuku loa he 20 kākelē wale. He manu kēia o ka ʻohana kasturkovye. Hoʻohana lākou i nā wahi i pale ʻia mai ka hoʻouka ʻana: ma nā puʻu i waena o nā pōhaku, ma nā puʻu a i nā lua paha.
47. Ma ka makani mālie katurki e ʻike ʻia e lele ana ma luna o ka wai. Ke lele nei kā lākou lele. I ka wā ʻino, ʻoi aku kēia mau manu kuahiwi e noho ma waena o nā hawewe kiʻekiʻe - pale lākou iā lākou mai nā makani ikaika. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ke kai o katurki.
48. ʻAʻole hoʻi e hilahila nā penikala i ka honua, a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ko lākou mau lā e hoʻi pinepine lākou i nā wahi i hānau ai lākou e ola i kēia hanauna hou. kamaʻilio - he wī maʻa ko lākou beʻoki, ʻoki keʻoki i ʻole i ʻoi ma mua o ka pahi.
49. "Kūleʻa Petrel" - he mākaʻikaʻi i ʻike ʻia i nā poʻe holo moana. Noho ka nui o kēia mau mea hoʻonani ma luna o nā moku o ka moku (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i kēia manawa i ka wā ʻino). Ua kapa nā poʻe lawaiʻa iā lākou he "ahi", ʻoiai ua ulu kēia mau manu i nā moku i ka mālamalama o nā kukui.
50. He manaʻo e ʻikea nei ke ʻano o kahi ʻūhā i ka lewa, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa o ka manu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo, ma mua o ka lele ʻana o ka ʻino, ua holo aʻe nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe i uka, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kumukūʻai e lele mai ana ma luna o ke kai i kekahi wā e no laila ke noho mau nei i ka lewa. I ka wā maikaʻi, ʻike ʻole ʻia i waena o nā manu ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻole ʻōpī. Akā ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka maka e kali i ke anilā, e piʻi kiʻekiʻe ana ma luna o ka wai, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻāina.
Kahi helu
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻohana petrel i 2 mau subfamilies me 14 genera:
Kuhikolua Fulmarinae - nā manu me ka lele lele lele, loaʻa i ka meaʻai i nā papa loa loa loa, i ka wā e ʻai ai, ka ʻāina i ka wai, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a i ʻole kūpono ʻia i ka make.
Kuhikolua Puffininae - nā manu me ka lele hoʻolālā ʻana, hoʻololi i ka ʻēheu pinepine ʻana i nā eheu, lele pinepine i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻolele maikaʻi (maikaʻi paha nā ʻano ʻano he nui. Puffinus) mai ka kauwela a mai kahi noho.