Hopu i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā maʻi parasit he nui, nā mālamalama kumu kumu e komo i loko o nā kino kanaka. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pathologies ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iʻa maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
He kūpono ke kumu ʻelua inā ʻaʻole ka hahai ʻana o ka iʻa me ka ʻenehana kūpono. ʻO nā mea aloha o ka iʻa maka nui e lilo i nā maʻi maʻi me ka hopena o nā maʻi parasit.
ʻO kahi helminth koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā trematodoses kamaʻilio. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ia i loko o nā iʻa, nā ʻawa, ka pili pili me nā pūʻulu flatworms. Ke komo nei nā helminths o kēia ʻano i loko o nā koina o ka iʻa.
ʻO ka mea e pōʻino loa i ka wā e komo ai ka maka a me ke lolo o kahi iʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia hoʻi nā ʻōpio e noho ma nā kahawai. Loaʻa lākou i laila mai nā loko, hoʻoponopono i nā snails. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻai me ka meaʻai i kahi hale iʻa a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea ola ola kino.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Metacercaria a me ka noho
ʻO ka metacercaria opisthorchis aia lākou ma ka io o nā io o nā cyprinids. No ka cecaria (ka ʻai), kahi iʻa kikowaena. I loko o ia mea, ulu ka cecaria i ka metacercaria. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Parasites ke hoʻouna i ka iʻa i kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea hoʻonāʻau ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻomāhuʻi ʻia ka Helminth ma o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pakeke wale nō. Ua hōʻoia nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻaʻole hiki i ke ahulau ke crossian carp, minnow, river barbel, a me nā maka.
Aia nā ʻōpū ma ka hapa nui i nā maka, e pili ana:
- mau lepa maka
- kino kino vitreous
- ka loko kūloko o ka mau maka aniani.
ʻEhā mau ʻāpana e hui pū ai i nā puka he ʻumikumamākolu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maka a me nā lens. Hoʻopilikia ka Metacercariae i kahi kūlohelohe o lākou. ʻAʻole makaʻu lākou i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka Metacercariae i ka iʻa
Kahi wale ke kaomi ʻana i ka huahana ma - 40 ° C no ka liʻiliʻi he 7 mau hola a nalowale ana nā elima. Inā hele ka manuahi i ka -35 ° C, e hopohopo ka cecaria ma hope o 14 mau manawa o ke anuanu.
Inā hāʻawi ʻoe i ka iʻa ma - 28 ° C, hiki i ka liʻiliʻi he 32 mau hola e wehe ai i ka parasite. Akā i nā pae kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau nānā. Ma hope o ke kaʻina o ka kaʻawale ʻana mai ka iʻa, make lākou ma hope o 5-10 mau minuke i ka + 55 ° C.
Laulau naomi nui loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona:
- loli aku nā hanauna
- hoʻololi i nā mea nona.
ʻO ka hua manu, nā iʻa, nā iniseti e hana pū me ka puʻuwai waena o nā puʻukū. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka helminth he hui hou. Akā ma 80% o nā hihia, hiki iā ia ke hana me ke ʻole o ka hoʻolālā ʻana.
Hoʻololi ia nā ʻōnaʻi i ka wā o ka hana houʻana i nā hua lāʻau, ʻaʻole wale i loko o nā palu i hoʻopuni ʻia, akā, i nā hua ʻōiwi. Hānau ka hua ʻōpiopio i kekahi hanauna o ka cecaria, kahi e ulu ai ke ʻano makua.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka metacercaria
He ʻokoʻa nā metacercariae ʻē aʻe i nā helminths o ko lākou papa i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua lako ke kino helminth i nā kī suction ʻelua.
1. ʻōpū
2. ʻōlelo lili.
Hoʻokū ʻo nā ʻōpala i nā membrane membous o kā lākou host, e hānai ana i nā mea kūpono, a laila kākoʻo i kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea hānai waha ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻōpala ʻana. ʻO kahi kua hope o ke kino he kanikau no ka hoʻokuʻu o ka meaʻai i hoʻoulu ʻia.
Kekahi manawa i loko o nā gills o ka iʻa, ʻaʻole pua nā ilo. Noho ʻia ma kēia wahi, ʻaʻohe lākou e ʻai a ulu. Ke kali nei lākou i ka manawa e ʻai ʻia ai ka iʻa a ka host. ʻO kēia mau manawa āpau, hūnā nā microorganism i loko o ka kapo, i haku ʻia e ka cartilage o ka iʻa.
Aia ka Metarercariae i ka waiwai o ka hoʻokuʻu i nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia, ka mea i hiki i ka make o nā limu gill. ʻO ka ʻai a ka iʻa, aia ma luna o ka wai, no ka mea ua ʻike lākou i ka lawa ʻole o ka oxygen.
Komo ka iʻa i ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa, a i ʻole he mea pāpaʻi i nā manu, nā ʻīlio, nā pōpoki. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa mai, e kū mai ana ka helminths i ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa hope loa, ke alakaʻi pinepine nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi mana i kapa ʻia kamaʻilioʻi clonorchis.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Parasites i ka iʻa hoʻokipa. Hele lohi ʻo ia, pāpaʻi ʻia i nā maʻi maʻi bacterial, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ke kaʻina o ka fin rot. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka make o ka iʻa ornamental e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka metarceraria he 50% a ʻoi aku paha.
ʻAlaʻai Metacercaria
Noho ka Metarercaria i loko o nā vertebrates, hoʻopili paʻa ʻia i nā kīʻaha inu, he mau ʻalohi. E hānai nā Microorganism i nā kiko o ko lākou host a i ʻole nā mea kiko o kāna mau ʻāpana. Inā hoʻokomo nā ʻōpio i nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e hānai. ʻO kā kā lākou hana ke hana ʻana i ka iʻa me ka maʻi a make e luku ʻia e ka poʻe hope.
ʻO ka hana a me ka lōʻihi o ka metacercaria
I loko o kahi iʻa e ola ana metacercaria opisthorchiasis he wā lōʻihi loa. ʻO kā lākou uku maʻamau mai 5 a 8 mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka host hope, ʻike ʻia nā parasit e ka make piha, ma loko o kahi i lilo ai ka wili i ka 0.2 a i 1,3 sentimita ka lōʻihi, a hiki i 0.4 centimeter ka laulā.
Inā lilo ka mea nona ka mea, e ola nā ilo i loko o kāna palaʻai, ʻo nā papa pancreatic, nā papa o nā ate. Hoʻokahi kū hoʻokahi, metacercaria e kau ana i nā hua e komo i loko o ke kaiāulu me nā moʻo excreted.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka parasite e hele mai i nā hana, e komo ana i ka mollusk i loko o ka puʻuwai waena. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana i ka iʻa kalapu, kahi hui lehulehu o nā helminths. He ʻano hoka a he ʻōpū paha kahi lime a loko, kahi i mālama ʻia ai kahi larva.
Me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ka metacercariae, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻana ma ia mea i loko o ke kino o ka helu hope loa, he mau maʻi ka maʻi. ʻAʻole nalo mai ke kino ʻole me ke komo ʻole o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 10-20 mau makahiki.
KUMANAOIA O METACERCARIA I IKII
No ka noiʻi ʻana, lawe ʻia nā specimen he 10-15 mai kahi kōpana. noho a iʻa paha i kēlā me kēia ʻano. E hoʻopaʻa i ka lā, ʻano iʻa, ka inoa o ke kō. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua o waho o nā unahi, ka ʻili, nā ʻapo, nā mea ʻili. Hana ʻia nā palapala mai kēia mau pūnaewele a ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma lalo o kahi mikroscope e hoʻohana ana i ke ʻano o ka compressor. ʻOki ʻia ka ʻōpū ma nā ʻoki mai ka anus a hiki i kahi o ka puʻuwai. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mea nui, e nānā lākou i ka naʻau, gonads, ate, spleen, kidney, intestins, serous integument, a me nā ʻāpana kaukau. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i kahi pā Petri a i ʻole ma ke aniani e kiaʻi ana. Lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (3-5 mm) me nā ʻoki mai kēlā me kēia kumuhana, i kau ʻia ma nā kiʻi aniani, ua nānā ʻia ma lalo o ka mikroscope no ka hele ʻana o nā larat, a ua hoʻokau ʻia ke ʻano o ka metacercariae.
Hoʻowalewale ʻia nā io o ka iʻa, no ka ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili me ke poo, a hoʻomaka mai ke poʻo, a lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana mai nā wahi nui o nā ʻāʻī a me nā ʻalā mai ka ʻili (ʻo ka ʻā ma ke kime ka hoʻokū ʻia i loko o nā mākala o ke kino ma kahi hohonu o 2.5 - 3 mm). Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka musula ma ka ʻōwili aniani a i ʻole nā mea hoʻouluulu ʻia a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi mikroscope.
Ma ka pūpū o ka iʻa catite metacercaria trematode pathogenic a me ka non-pathogen no ke kanaka a me nā holoholona. Loaʻa ka metacercaria pathogenic no nā kāne a me nā holoholona (opisthorchis, methorchis, clonorchis, pseudamphistomy) aia i nā cysts, hōʻailona lākou i ka hele ʻana o ʻelua kīwā waiu a me kahi māla manuahi excretory ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka pear, e noho ana i ka lā 1/3 a 1/4 o ke kino o ka larva. I nā cysts, pili nā larile i nā motile. ʻO ka metacercariae non-pathogenic koʻo ia nā huaʻōlelo o ka genus bucephalus a me ripidocotyl. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi hānai nui me nā protrusions ma ka manamana lima, kahi umauma excretory zigzag a hiki i 2/3 o ke kino, palupalu mau lākou i nā pupu. No ka metacercaria paracenonymy, he ʻōnaehana excretory ʻeleʻele me ʻekolu maunika keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e like me nā ʻano.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hiki o nā wahā, neʻe ka trematoda mai nā ʻāpana o nā iʻa a me nā kiko, i waiho ʻia i ka paʻakai physiological i hoʻomehana ʻia i ka 40 ° C, ma ka wai kūlohelohe kūmole (100 ml o kahi hopena 0.5% NaCl, 0.5 g o nā pepsin, 0.75 ml o 35% ʻO ka hoʻonā wai waikela hydrochloric), ma lalo o kahi aniani e hoʻonaninani ana, e hoʻowahāwahā maikaʻi loa i ka larva me ka lāʻau kuʻuna. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā neʻe palupalu i hōʻike ʻia ke ola nei lākou. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻōpala mai nā aʻa a me nā kiko o ka iʻa mai ka nui o nā kiko, e kau i ka aniani a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. 2 mau kulu o kahi wai e 3% o ka wai laikini ma 70% i ka wai no 2 mau minuke ka noi ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau, kahi waiho iki o 0.1% e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ana i ka pākia caustic a waiho ʻia no 2 mau minuke. Holoi ʻia ka lapalapa keu me ka paʻakai, hoʻomaloʻo ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana me kahi pepa o ka kānana, uhi ʻia i ka uhi a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi mikrosopop. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpio make nā mea i ulaula; ola ʻōpiopio ʻaʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hiki ke kau ʻia ma lalo o kahi mikroskopope me kahi papa ʻaina ma ka 36 - 37 ° C. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻoliki kaawale ma kahi papaʻaina, 2-3 kolo o ka bile a i ʻole ka hoʻohui he 0.5% trypsin. E puka mai ana nā aniani ola mai nā cysts i 5-10 mau minuke. Hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i ka larva i kahi puna o ka paʻakai a ma lalo o ke kaʻi o ka mikroscope, e hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai ka iwi o waho e hoʻohana ana i kahi pono kuʻuna. ʻO ka hōʻike o nā neʻe i ka larva hōʻike i kona hiki.
Inā paʻakikī ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka metacercaria, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka larva mai nā shells a mechanical. Ua haehae ʻia ka ʻili me ke kuikahi me nā manina e ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o kahi aniani hoʻonui nui ʻia. Chemical - mau ʻāpana ʻekahi o ka nui o ka iʻa (0.3x0.5 cm) i ka nui o 10 - 15 g i kau i loko o ka wai ʻōpū kūmole i kahi kūmole o 1:10, e kau i kahi thermostat ma 37 - 40 ° C no 2 - 3 mau hola, a laila kānana ʻia ma o lihualua. Hoʻololi ʻia ka sediment i kahi pāʻai Petri, hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka cyst me ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia ma lalo o ka nui o kahi aniani a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi microscope a i ʻole. e hoʻohui ana i ka paʻakai i loko o nā kīʻaha hoʻoweliweli ka holoi ʻana i nā ʻōpū a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou ma ka waena o ke kīʻaha. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻonā mai ka kihi me ka welima pōpoki. Wehe ʻia a ʻoki holoʻokoʻa nā koena o ka ʻiʻo ʻōpū. E hoʻokuʻu i ka pulupulu o loko, hoʻokomo ʻia nā cyst i loko o ka hopena mahana o ka trypsin a me ka sodium klorida i loko o kahi mahana 22-24 ° C (lawe ʻia ka 1 g o ka trypsin i 100 ml o ka hopena o 1% NaCl). ʻO nā pākuʻi metacercaria, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka iwi, he mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻona, e like me ke kāʻei ʻana no kā lākou ʻano pili.
Hōʻike ka papa i nā huaʻelima morphological o trematode larvae parasitizing i ka iʻa.
ʻO nā hōʻailona hoʻomōhala o nā huaʻai o nā kuʻekuʻe (metacercariae) o ka iʻa e pōʻino i nā kānaka a me nā karnivora | |||||||||
Kaa p / p | Nā ʻano o Metacercariae | ʻO nā ʻano o ka iʻa parasitize | Ke kūloko i ke kino o ka iʻa | Dimensions mm, helehelena cyst | ʻO ka helu o nā membrane cyst, ko lākou kūkulu | Pākuʻaha ʻaihā Excretory | ʻO nā kīʻaha inu me kā lākou ʻano | ʻO ka hoʻomau nui i ka cyst | Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua maka mai nā cysts: dimensional, mm, ʻano kino |
1 | ʻOiʻo Opisthorchis felineus | ʻOle, dace, chebak, roach, bream, barbel, goosester, podust, asp, bleak, blue carp, czech, rudd, common carp, tench | ʻO kaʻili ʻili, nā kiko kiko | 0.23 - 0.38 x 0.18 - 0.28, oval, ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi aʻai | ʻElua, ʻokoʻa a i loko | Ka pēpē, noho ka 1/3 o ke kino o ka larva | ʻElua mau huakaʻi, waha - 0.088 mm, ʻōpū - 0.077 | Mea Hoʻolaha | 0.20 - 0.26 x 0.12 - 0.22, spindle-ʻano |
2 | ʻO ka metorchis albidus | ʻO ka manaʻo, roach, rudd, bleak, minnow, bream, sabrefish, bream hiriwa | ʻO nā mea ʻāʻī, nā pale o nā maka, nā puʻupuʻu lālā, nā ʻāpana o nāʻaoʻao | 0.21 - 0.38 x 0.14 - 0.24. puni, oval | Mea like | Mea like | Wua i elua, ka nui a like | ʻLelo Kahea | 0.17 - 0.24 x 0.11-0.17, ua hoʻonui ka hope o ke kino |
3 | Puncudamphistomum truncatum | ʻO ka hopena, nā wīwī, ka uukū, ke kālā kālā, ka dace a me nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe | ʻO kaʻili | 0.32 - 0.46x 0.26 - 0.40, puni | ʻElua kūpono i kūpono | Oval, kāwele i ka 1/3 kino o nā larva | ʻElua kuhi, ʻo ka ʻāpana like (0,08 - 0.01) | Mea like | ʻO 0.30 - 0.44 x 0.24 - 0.38, ua uhi ʻia ke kino me nā ʻuʻuku |
4 | ʻO Clonorchis sinensis | Manaʻo, dace, roach, rudd, bream, common carp, silver bream, hive, gudgeon, minnow, crossian carp, perch, poni keleawe | ʻO kaʻili ʻili, nā kiko kiko | 0.150 - 0.1 80 x 0.079 - 0.28, keiki | Outer a me loko, e ku e kekahi i kekahi | Nā kiʻi like ʻole, ua noho ka 1/3 o ka larva | Pihi ʻelua, ventral nui ma mua o ka waha | Movable i kahi cyst a hoʻokuʻu ʻia | 0.319 - 0.375 x 0.12 - 0.17, elongated oval |
5 | Metagonimus yokogawai | Ide, crucian carp, whitefish, bream, silver carp, common carp, mustard, gudgeon, taimen, lenok | I nā unahi a me nā pala | 0.15 - 0.22, spherical a elongated oval wale nō | ʻElua mau laka | ʻO ka Triangular me nā kihi ʻihi | Wua i ʻelua, waha a ʻelua i ka ʻōpū | Wehe paʻa ʻia | 0.3 - 0.4 x 0.09 - 0.10 |
6 | Nanohietus salmincola | Kaʻona, lenok, sim, salmon pink, chum, hina, gudgeon, dace | ʻO nā ʻōpū, nā ʻili, nā mea hao, nā unahi, nā palima | 0.20 - 0.35 x 0.17 - 0.33, oval | ʻElua, ʻokoʻa a i loko | Oval | Nā huakaʻi ʻelua, ʻokoʻa | Movable i kahi cyst a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea | 0.35 - 0.65 x 0.17 - 0.36, elongated oval |
7 | Echinochasmus perfoliatus | Pike, tench, carp maʻamau, bream, ide, silver bream, roach, rudd, asp, keʻokeʻo-ʻili, ʻoki crossp, perch, ruff | Gals petals | 0,080 - 0.110 x 0.079 - 0,098, oval, puni | He lehelehe sheuter ʻili, elastic | ʻElua nā lua excretory | ʻO ke kīʻaha waha i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me nā kīkī, ʻeha i ka posterior ʻekolu o ke kino | He palupalu nā mea nalo | 0.116 - 0,043, kīwaha kīwaha o ka waha me nā moena adoral a me 24 mau kaula |
8 | Rossicotrema donicum | Perch, ruff, pike perch | ʻO nā peʻa, ʻili o ka ʻili | 0.24 - 0.26 x 1,20 - 0.23, ellipsoidal | Hoʻopili i nā aniani pig pig black waho | Ma muli o ke ʻano puaʻa ʻike ʻole ʻia | ʻAʻole nānā ʻia ʻia | He palupalu nā mea nalo | 0.49 - 0,53 x 0.13 - 0.15, ke kino ʻōlohelohe |
ʻO nā tremacodica Metacercaria, ʻaʻohe-pathogen no ke koko mahana | |||||||||
9 | Paracoegonimus ovatus | Pālele, perch a me nā cyprinids | I ka kiko o ka ʻiʻo | , 42 - 0.50 me kahi pōkole o waho a hiki i 0.70, he aniani ʻōlelo anuanu | ʻO ka waho waho i ka 2 a me 4 mau manawa e ʻoi aku ai ka māka ma mua | I ke ʻano o kahi kahe i loko o ke apo me nā lepe like-slit, e noho wale ia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka larva | ʻElua a me Brandes organ 0.08 - 0.12 0.04 - 0.07 | Pūnaewele liʻiliʻi | Ovoid |
10 | ʻO ka polymorplius Bucephalus | Pike perch, emi iki pinepine ʻia perch, pike, cyprinids | I nāʻili, i loko o nā uaua, i nā ʻōpū | 0.27 - 0.36 x 0.20 - 0.34 | Piʻi, lele lele like ʻole mai kekahi i kekahi | Noho ʻo Zigzag, noho ʻia 2/3 o ke kino o ka larva | ʻO 0.18 - 0.22, he mau ʻāpana mākala o ka lima | ʻO ka neʻe i ka hana a me nā larsti manuahi ʻole | 0.6 - 2.3x0.35, 7 mau wāhiōlima lima |
11 | Rhipidocotyle illense | Ika iʻa ʻo Kouinid | Ma nā hōʻiliʻili, nāʻili, nā ʻōpū, nā maka, ka lolo, ka kiko o ka subcutaneous | 0.27 - 0.37 transvalical oval oval | Piʻi, lele lele like ʻole mai kekahi i kekahi | Noho ʻo Zigzag, noho ʻia 2/3 o ke kino o ka larva | ʻO 0.18 - 0.23 x 0.15 - 0.22, ʻelua mau pepeiao o nā pepeiao pepeiao | Nā neʻe i hoʻokuʻu i nā lāpule i hoʻokuʻu ʻia | 0.8 - 1.0 x 0.16 - 0.28, ʻelua mau aniani holomua |
E hoʻokala i nā ʻano o ka hua ʻaʻā, ʻoi loa mai kēia. ʻO Opisthorchidae, ke alapine no ke kanaka a me nā holoholona, ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia i nā bioassays. No kēia, ʻo nā holoholona hoʻokolohua (nā lālani, nā puaʻa guinea, nā hamsters) i hānai i ka ʻiʻo iʻa me nā metacercariae trematode a i ʻole nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili iā lākou i nā pūlaka. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka larva ma hope o 3 a 4 wiki i ka ʻike ʻana i ka huaʻala hihiki a i ʻole nā moe kime manuahi i loko o nā feces o nā holoholona holoholona i loko o ka ate, gall bladder, intestins (e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka helminths) i ka wā e wehe i nā holoholona hoʻokolohua.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka cercariae i loko o ka metacercaria ma hope o ke kime o ka manele lua (iʻa a i ʻole maʻa paha) ke kino i loko o ke kino, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai lākou i ka huelo a hana i kahi pale-capsule pale (pōpole) a puni lākou. Aia ka metacercariae e pili ana i ka ʻili, nā palaka, nā kiko o ka subcutaneous, ka pakanene o ka ʻaoʻao, ka lolo, ka maka, a me ka ʻāʻī.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Metacercariae i ke kino o ka mea hoʻokele (definitive) (nā holoholona hihiu, nā manu, nā manu) a lākou e ʻai ai i nā iʻa i paʻi ʻia. Ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea a ka wai duodenal (ka hapanui hydrochloric acid a me ka pepsin), ua luku ʻia ka membrane, a me ka larva e ulu ana mai loko mai o ka mea i hoʻolako ʻia i nā mea kahu manuahi (nā lālā o ka ate o ka ate, nā kumuʻi pancreatic, etc.).
Hōʻike kanaka
Metacercaria trematodes, no ka mea ʻo ia ke kanaka hope loa (wehewehe) i ka manawa, i ka wā i hoʻoili ʻia ai (komo i loko) i loko o ke kino kanaka, ulu i loko o kahi kanaka makua parasit, kahi ola hiki i nā makahiki he ʻumi. A ʻo ka hopena, e hoʻomohala ʻia nā maʻi pili i ke kino i ʻeha ʻia - opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, etc.
ʻO ke helehelena a me ke ʻano o nā larva
Loaʻa ka larva i ka nui o 0.3-1 mm i ka lōʻihi. ʻOi waho, ke ʻano kino a me kona ʻano like me ka pālaha makua, akā naʻe, he ccaria ka ʻalani puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu me nā ʻōpū lōlū.
ʻO ka mea lolo i loaʻa ai ka ʻōpū a me ka waha o kaʻokiʻoki, kahi kōpū a me nā mea aʻalolo, nā mea a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki, protonephridia. Loaʻa i kekahi mau maka kekahi mau maka, nā māka uila.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā Cercaria
Noho ʻo Cercaria i nā wai wai a me ka wai paʻakai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua wai Helminth i ka wai me nā kahakaha o kā lākou mea lawe. Ma mua o ke komo ʻana i loko o ke kino o ka host hope, pono ke hoʻomohala ʻana ka palalā i loko o ke kino o kahi mea lele ʻāpana. Nui ka maʻi o ke kanaka ma ke kahakai, i ka wai pāpaku (ke ʻano maʻamau o nā snails).
Penetrating i loko o ke kino kanaka, cercaria hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi dermatological, i hele pū ʻia e ka ʻeha kino. He mea nui ia e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ka larva ke ulu i kahi kanaka makua i ke kino kanaka.
Pae ola ola Parasite
Ma ia mau schistosome, ʻo ka mea lawe kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ka wai wai, no ka laʻana, nā ducks, a me nā snails i ke kuleana o ka mea hoʻokele waena. Loaʻa ka Cercariae i nā ʻāina me nā kūlana kime maʻalahi.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka parasite i maʻalahi:
- kahi hua
- Hihaihaia
- lipo sporocyst (i ke kino o nā mea lawe moho).
- cercaria,
- metacercaria (i ke kino o ka luna nui).
I kekahi mau ʻano o nā schistosomes, he kanaka maoli ka poʻe no laila, no laila ua ulu lākou i loko o kāna mau ʻāpana, genitourinary a me nā ʻano kaila. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia a hoʻomalolo ʻia ke alika, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i make ka wu ma lalo o ke kino o kāna mea lawe.
ʻAʻole lawe ʻia ka parasit mai kahi a kekahi kanaka. ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke ʻano maʻi wale nō - neʻe ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma luna o lākou iho ma hope o kekahi mau lā.
Nā hōʻailona maʻi i kahi mea i maʻi ʻia
Hiki i ka larva ke komo i ka ʻili ma nā wahi hāmama o ke kino i uhi ʻole ʻia e ka lole ʻauʻau.
Hoʻokumu ka mea lolo i kēlā mau hōʻailona:
- ka ʻū ʻana o ke kolo, ʻaʻi, ʻaina o ka ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia,
- ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pimples ulaula liʻiliʻi, blisters.
ʻO ka hōʻeha ma ka ʻili i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hapa mua a i ʻole he mau lā ʻelua ma hope o ka maʻi. Hoʻololi koke ʻia ka itching, akā noho i lalo o kekahi mau pule. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pimples me nā poli i loko o 12 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai haumia.
Hoʻopili i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hōʻailona, e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā maʻi kūloko, nā mumū.
Pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo - ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka maʻi i ka wā e hele hou ai kahi mea maʻi me ka wai haumia - hoʻonui ʻia nā hōʻailona, me ka hele hou o ka pathogen ma ka ʻili.
ʻO Cemaria hepatic trematode
ʻO Cercariae ka nui o ka trematode hepatic i puka mai i ke kino o ka mea lawe kapa waena, a e ʻimi nei i kahi host hou, hope a i ʻole a i ʻole - pili ia i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka parasite.
ʻO ke kikowaena, nā mea lawe ʻē aʻe i ka iʻa, nā pepeke, nā mollusks.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu, mea ʻai ʻia e nā kahu ʻai nui (nā kānaka, nā holoholona).
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe mea mālama maʻi e pono e mālama i ka cercariosis. Keʻe nei nā hōʻailona ma kā lākou iho i kekahi mau lā a i ʻole hebedoma - ʻokoʻa no kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Hiki ke koi ʻia ka terapi anthelmintic inā ua hele ka maʻi me cercariae, ka mea lawe hope loa he kanaka - e hoʻomohala kēlā mau kānaka i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka.
E hoʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona kūpono:
- corticosteroid ʻaila, kaʻaila,
- ʻōhulu ʻaʻai
- ʻauʻau me ka soda, oatmeal, Epsom paʻakai,
- ʻ .wī loiloi
- antipruritic lotions.
I loko o kēia manawa, mea pono ke pale aku i ka ʻili o ka ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia - e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻeha ma nā dermis, kahi hale kūpono ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā microorganism pathogenic.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole i pilikia nā cercariae i nā kānaka, akā naʻe, ke hele pū ʻia ka maʻi me nā hōʻailona ʻino e pili i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka kaua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e pili ana i nā pale pale, e pale i ka ʻauʻau i nā kino wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau iho ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hōʻailona - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke nīnau aku i ke kauka. Ma hope iho o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi maʻi kūpono e hiki ke koho i nā ʻano kūpono o ka pono.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolilo i nā palaila!
Antiparasitic complex® - Hiki ke palekana a palekana palekana i nā palaʻai i nā lā 21!
- Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea pono i nā mea kanu maoli,
- ʻAʻohe hopena hopena
- Palekana loa
- Mālama i nā ate, ka naʻau, nā māmā, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻili mai nā lolo
- Hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke kino nā huahana palulu o nā palaʻai.
- E hoʻopau pono i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano helminths i nā lā 21.
I kēia manawa aia kahi papahana makemake no ka pale manuahi. Heluhelu i ka manaʻo loea.
Kuhikuhina
- ʻO nā Center no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Brucellosis Parasites. Pili
- Nā maʻi ʻo Corbel M. J. Parasitic // World Health Organization. Pili
- ʻO E. E. J. Nā kūmole maikaʻi loa no nā parasitine i nā pupu ʻĀkau // Clinical Infectious Diseases. - 1995. Vol. 21. - P. 283-290. Pili
- Yushchuk N.D., Vengerov Yu. A. Nā maʻi maʻi lēwa: kahi puke paʻi. - paʻi 2. - M .: Kauhane, 2003 .-- 544 p.
- ʻO ka laha o nā maʻi parasit i waena o ka poʻe nui, 2009 / Kokolova L. M., Reshetnikov A. D., Platonov T. A., Verkhovtseva L. A
- Helminths o nā pōpoki home no ka ʻāina Voronezh, 2011 / Nikulin P.I., Romashov B.V.
ʻO nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa o kā mākou poʻe heluhelu
ʻAno: E hoʻopiʻi ka Parasite no nā pilikia āpau!
Mai a: Lyudmila S. ([email protected])
I: Hoʻokele Noparasites.ru
ʻAʻole i lōʻihi loa, ua pōʻino koʻu kūlana olakino. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i ka luhi mau, ke poʻo, ke aʻai, a me kekahi ʻano mau ʻole o ka luhi ʻole. Ua kū mai nō hoʻi nā pilikia o Gastrointestinal: ka ʻūhū, ke ana ʻana, ka ʻeha a me ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole.
Ua manaʻo wau no ka hana nui kēia a hoʻomaka wau e hele wale nā mea a pau. Akā i kēlā me kēia lā ua lilo wau i mea ʻino loa. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo pololei i kekahi mea. ʻIle paha ia he mea maʻamau kēlā mea kēia mea, akā ke manaʻo nei ʻaʻole maikaʻi koʻu kino.
Ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi keʻena pilikino. A laila ua aʻo ʻia iaʻu, me nā loiloi laulā, e hoʻohemo i kahi loiloi no nā maʻi pili kino. No laila, i kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua, ua loaʻa iaʻu nā parasites. Wahi a nā kauka, ʻo ia he mau pōpilikia ʻo ka 90% o nā kānaka a ua hele a kokoke i kēlā me kēia kanaka, ke hele a hōʻuluʻulu paha.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia iaʻu i kahi papa o ka lāʻau antiparasitic. Akā, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi mai iaʻu i nā hopena. Ma kahi hebedoma ma hope mai, ua hoʻouna mai koʻu hoa iaʻu i kahi loulou i kahi moʻolelo kahi i hōʻike ai kekahi mau parasitologist i nā ʻōlelo aʻo maoli e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻopakele maoli kēia ʻatikala i koʻu ola. Ua hahai wau i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a pau i laila a i kekahi mau lā ua manaʻo nui au!
Ua holomua ʻo Digestion, ua nalowale nā poʻo, a ua puka mai kēlā ikaika nui naʻu e like ʻole. No kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hele hou wau i nā ho'āʻo ʻana a loaʻa ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole nā mea nānā.
Na wai e makemake e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou kino mai nā lolo, a ʻaʻole hopohopo nā ʻano o kēia mau mea i noho i loko o ʻoe - e heluhelu ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala, maopopo wau e 100% ka mea e kōkua iā ʻoe! E hele i ka ʻatikala >>>
Metacercaria O. felipeus
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka trematode i kekahi ʻano e like me ke ʻano o ka cyst hiki ke loaʻa wale nō i nā mākaukau o ka mea noiʻi. A i ʻole, e wehewehe i ka pili ʻana o ka mea pili o ka trematode, e pono ai e kāʻili i ka metacercaria mai ka cyst.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana pono mai kahi kikoʻi kokoke, waiho ʻia ka pūpū ma ke aniani i kahi puna o ka wai a i ʻole ka paʻakai. Ua wāwahi ʻia kona ʻili me nā mania lahilahi (ʻoi aku paha nā ʻāpana entomological N 00) a i ʻole kaomi maʻemaʻe ma nā uhi. Inā ʻaʻole puka ka larva i waho i ka cyst, a laila holoi ʻia me ka wai mai ka pipette. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka metacercariae mai cysts i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mea a manu a i nā holoholona duodenal a i ʻole trypsin.
Inā ʻike ka larist opisthorchis i nā hua iʻa, incl. ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono o kona ʻāpono ʻana, pono e hoʻoholo i ko lākou pono, no ka mea Hōʻike ʻia ka pilikia e pili ana i ke olakino maikaʻi ma nā lālani helminth ola wale nō.
ʻO ka mea mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā hōʻailona morphological a me ka hana kaʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka metacercaria opisthorchisis mai i nā ʻili o ka iʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻāwī manuahi e waiho ʻia i loko o kahi wai o ka wai mahana a i ʻole ka paʻakai (37-40 degere C) ma kahi kīʻaha i uhi ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka uhi uhi a nānā ʻia ma lalo o ka mikroscope liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a nui. ʻO ke kuhi kū ʻole o ka kū pono o nā membrane o nā cysts, nā loli nui i ka loko kūloko o ka pili o ka larva, ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea i loko, a me ka luku ʻana i ka pākuhi excretory nā hōʻailona o ka make o ka metacercaria. ʻO ka heleʻana o nā ʻoi kūwaho ikaika ʻole o ka larva e hōʻike ana i kona hiki pono ʻana. ʻAʻole naʻe e hōʻike i ka hemahema o ka neʻe i ka make. Hiki ke hoʻowalewale ʻia ka neʻe ʻana me ka pēpē maʻalahi i ka metacercariae me kahi uhi.
I ka mea hoʻomehana, loaʻa i kahi ʻano poʻomanaʻo a i ʻole kona ʻano o ka ova. He ʻokoʻa kona nui mai ka 0.17 x 0.21 a i 0.34 x 0.43 mm a hilinaʻi, akene, ʻelua i nā makahiki o ka larva a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi o ka iʻa. ʻElua nā pena ʻole nāiʻi a puni ka metacercaria, a ma waena o lākou ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka larva ma ka mea hoʻopihapiha. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka larva ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka lapalapa o ka cyst, no laila e waiho ʻia i ka pōkopa wale nō i kahi kūlana pelake, e loli mau ana ia no ka neʻe mau o ka larva. Hoʻonui ikaika kāna hana me ka nui o ka mahana (no ka laʻana, me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka mea hoʻomehana.)
Hana ʻia nā larva ʻolua mai nā cysts. ʻO ka papa o kona ʻāpana i ke kūpaʻa o ka posterior o ka ʻōpū ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e uhi ʻia me nā ʻāpana o nā milo. ʻO ia paha, maʻalahi lākou ke hāʻule i waho, no ka mea hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia i kahi ola, nā mea hou aku i loaʻa mai ka cyst larva. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka metacercaria wale nō 0.22-0.62, laulā 0.12-0.27 mm. I ke kūlana pololei, hiki ke hiki i 1mm. Ke kokoke piha o ke kino i ka hoʻopihapiha mai nā mea kūʻai hope. ʻElua mau puna momona excretory, ʻike ʻia i ka pae o ka pharynx, e hoʻonui ana mai kona ʻaoʻao mua.
Aia ka waha o ka waha me kahi anawaena o 0.071-0.12 mm ma ka mua o ke alo o ke kino a kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ventral. Aia kahi pharynx (0.025x0.046 mm) pili i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi o ka waha waiʻi. ʻO kahi bifurcates esophagus kahi iʻike ʻia i ke kihi ʻoki ʻia i ʻelua mau lālā o ka pūpū ma waena o ka mamao ma waena o nā kīʻaha waiʻuʻi a kokoke paha i kahi kīwaha waha. Hiki i nā lālā ʻelua ke kū i ka hope o ke kino.
ʻOi loa ka kīʻaha inu o ka ʻōpū (0.088x0.139 mm) ma mua o ke kīʻaha waha. Aia i ka ʻeke hope o ke kino, hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma kahi o ka 1: 0,5 - 1: 0.7. Ke waiho nei ka pua me nā carmine, ʻike ʻoe i nā rudiments o nā gonads i ka ʻano o nā pūʻulu o nā pūpū e pili kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka pā o ka mea hoʻopiha. Holoi loa nā hōʻike ʻike i kekahi. Ma ka paia o ka pā o ka mea hoʻopuka i waho, aia kekahi pūʻulu o nā pūpū - ka ovary a me ka testis. ʻO ka mua o lākou he mau mele o ka kōpala a me ke kanawai ejaculatory.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ma ke ʻano he host host O. felipeus 33 inoa o nā mammals o 7 kauoha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Helminths parasitize iā lākou i ka gallbladder a me nā papa o ka ate, ka liʻiliʻi i ka pancreas. Aihui o O. feline ame s metacercariae o nā mea hou aku o ka ʻohana Opisthorchidae i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo iʻa, parasitizing i ka marita phase i nā mammals, nā manu o ka mea a me ka manu wai.
Metorchis bilis (= albidus) (Kuhi 3, 2) - nā ʻano nui o ka morphologically kokoke i nā kolo O. ^ E Ha yM. lawehalelu. Ua emi iki ka awelika o ka cysts ma mua o nā ʻano ma mua (mai 0.13x0.19 a 0.16x0.23). Akā, ʻoiai, ʻo ka nui o nā cysts o ka nui o nā ʻano pili i liʻiliʻi me ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. Kūpono kaʻiole ipo, aia kahi ākea ma waena o lākou, i ʻike maopopo ʻia e ka mea hoʻomehana. ʻO ka loli o ka larva i ka cyst ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia, akā e emi iho ma mua o ʻO. jelipeys. Nā kuʻi manuʻu, ʻike ʻia e ka mikroscopy, uhi i mua o ke kino i ka ʻaoʻao o ka posterior o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Noho ka pōpō uila i waho ma mua o 1/4 o ka nui o ke kua o ke kino. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka larva mai ka cis-ta a hiki i ka 0.4-0.5 mm ka lōʻihi a he 0.12 mm ka laulā. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka waha o ka waha (0,09 mm) ma mua o ka ʻōpū (0,06 mm), aia i ka pihi ma waena o ke kino a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i kahi 1 o 0.6 - 1: 0.3. Noho ʻo Maritas ma nā mammals (karnivorous a kokoke i ka wai wai) a me nā manu o ka mea ʻona (buzzards, loonies).
Kuhi 3 - Metacercaria mai ka kalamalike o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻohana. luanalehu:
1 .- metacercaria opisthorchids in cysts, 2 - metacercaria uʻi ʻia mai nā cysts, 3 - metacercaria Hoʻopiʻi maʻi Rhipidocotile (ma ka cyst a i ʻole cyst). aka, aka - O. félipeeus, O. viverriпi C. sipia, kā kēia - R. ke kanal, c - M. bilis, d - - M. xaptosomus, n - esophagus
Metorchis xanthosomus (= M. intermedius) (Kiʻi 3, 3) ʻokoʻa ia i nā ʻano o nā mea i hala i mua o kahi mānoomi elastika mānoanoa. I loko o ka lumi pale, e like me ke aniani kukui e hoʻopuni ana i kahi larva. ʻO ka nui o ka cyst me kahi mānoanoa nui he 0.23 - 0.32 mm, me waho o ia - 0.15 - 0.24 mm o ka ʻāpana. Nui ka uhi o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka larva me nā spines, ʻike ʻia i ka mea hoʻouluulu e ʻoi aku ai i ka mānoanoa. Nā kūlike o ka waha a me ka ʻōpū e like me ka nui (0.037x0.07-0.067x0.071 mm). ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka esophagus.
Kuhi ka ʻōiwi i ka hapa nui o ke kino ma hope o ke kīʻaha ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka larva ka 0.40-0.86 mm ka lōʻihi a he 0.11-0.14 mm ākea.
Kiʻi 4 - ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā opisthorchids: 1 - Pseudathisthistum truncatum, 2 - Metorchis bilis (= albidis), 3 - Oristhorchis felipeus (e like me E. G. Sidorov)
Noho nā palaʻai makua i loko o ka papa palu a me nā papa o ka ate o nā manu wai (cormorants, pelicans, ducks, etc.). Peke kahiʻo Pseudadphistot i ka mokuʻāina i hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o O. felipeeus paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha hiki ke hala ka wā o ka nānā aku. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi nui cyst nui loa (0.30-0.44x0.24-0.38 mm) i hiki ke lawelawe me ka mana kūpono, no ka mea e kau ana i ka makahiki o ka larva. Pēlā e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻia o ka capsule a hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka larva i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka pōpō he 0.6-0.9 mm, ʻo ka laulā he 0.16-0.2 mm. Ua like ka nui o nā kīʻaha ʻana ma ka nui (0,08-0.1 mm ma ka diameter). ʻAʻohe ka esophagus. ʻO ka hōʻailona hope loa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻano mai O.felipeus a M. bilis (= ʻĀpiha).
Hoʻopiliʻo Maritas i ka gallbladder a me nā papa o nā mea kūpono o nā mammals. Ka mea ākea ākea ma waena o nā sila o Caspian, ka ikaika o ka hoʻopihapiha mai a hiki i nā haneli he mau haneli o ka nui o nā trematode.
ʻO nā hōʻailona nui e pili ana i ka metacercariae o nā opisthorchids i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei i hāʻawi ʻia i ka papaʻaina (papaʻa 2), kahi e hiki ai ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka pili.
Hoʻopili i nā uluna opisthorchid, ʻike pinepine ka metacercariae i nā loko ma nā loko he nui i nā loko ʻO ka polytorphus Bucephalus a Kalehuawe himeni - nā māka o ka ʻohana Bucephalidae. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pūpū, nā hiʻu kokoke