ʻO nā hōʻike mai ka Renaissance e pili ana i nā hihia i loaʻa i nā niho haki triangle nui ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa. I ka wā mua, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau niho i nā ʻenehana petrified o nā ʻīlio a i ʻole nāheu - nā glosseter.
ʻO ke wehewehe pololei o nā mea i loaʻa i noi ʻia i ka makahiki 1667 e ke kanaka kūlohelohe o Niels Stensen: ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā niho o kahi hiu kahiko ma loko o ia mau mea. Ua kaulana ʻo ia no ke kiʻi o ke poʻo o ka manō i mākaukau me nā niho. ʻO kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻia, me kahi kiʻi o ka niho megalodon, i paʻi ʻia e ia ma ka puke "The Head of a Fossil Shark."

Megalodon, Carcharodon megalodon (lat. Carcharodon megalodon), mai ka Helene "niho niho nui" - he hiu fossil nona ke koena fossilized i loaʻa i loko o nā kulana mai ka wā Oligocene (ma kahi o 25 miliona mau makahiki i hala) a hiki i ka wā Pleistocene (1.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).

Hōʻike nā haʻawina paleola nā megalodon kekahi o nā iʻa nui a koʻikoʻi kaulana i ka mōʻaukala o nā vertebrates. Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Megalodon mai nā koena i mālama ʻia i ke kola, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana e hōʻike ana i ka nui o kēia puho nui, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 20 mika (e like me kekahi mau kumu - a hiki i 30 m). Ua koho ʻia ʻo Megalodon e nā ʻepekema i ke kauoha Lamoids, akā naʻe, ʻo ka helu kaila ʻana o ka megalodon e waiho nei i nā mea hakakā. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua like ka megalodon me he ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nui. ʻIke ʻia nā loaʻa o nā fossil he nui nā megalodon ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He mea hoʻonani nui loa ia ma ka piko o ke kaena kai. ʻO nā līeʻa ma nā iwi hāpala o nā mea i hoʻopihapiha ʻia e hōʻike ana ʻo ia i hānai i nā holoholona moana nui.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Carcharodon megalodon i kahi makika fossil i ka makahiki 1835 e ka mea ʻepekema Swiss maoli ʻo Jean Louis Agassis in Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (Study of fossil fish), hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1843. Ma muli o ka nui o ka niho o ka megalodon e like nō me ka niho o kahi manamana keʻokeʻo nui, koho ʻo Agassis i ka genus Carcharodon no megalodon.

ʻO ka manamana o ka megalodon, e like me nā ʻaina ʻē aʻe, aia ka cartilage, ʻaʻole iwi. No kēia kumu, mālama pinepine ʻia nā fossil. ʻAʻole iwi ka cartilage; e luku koke ka manawa iā ia.
ʻO ka megalodon ka maʻi maʻamau ka mea like me kona mau niho, he like morphologically like me nā niho o kahi shark keʻokeʻo maikaʻi loa, akā, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka nani a serrated, a, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o ka niho (me ka lōʻihi diagonal) o nā niho o ka megalodon hiki i 180 mm, nā niho o nā iwi ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia e ʻike i kēia nui.

Ua loaʻa nō hoʻi nā hui megalodon megaodon vertebrae i loaʻa. ʻO ka ʻike kaulana loa o kēia ʻano ka mea i mālama ʻia akā ke hoʻopili ʻia nei ka pūahi vertebral o hoʻokahi ʻano megalodon hoʻokahi, ʻike ʻia ma Pelekane i ka makahiki 1926. Loaʻa iā 150 vertebrae, ka nui loa o ka lōʻihi i hiki iā 155 i ka diameter he ʻumikū. ʻO ka mevalodon i koe o ka megalodon e hōʻike nei he ʻoi aku ka nui o ke olonā, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻale ʻānō.

Loaʻa nā koena o Megalodon i nā wahi he nui o ka honua, e pili ana i ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika Hema, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Africa, Malta, nā Grenadines a me India. Loaʻa ka mau niho o Megalodon i nā wahi mamao loa mai nā konitiniki (no ka laʻana, ma ka Mariana Trench ma ka Pakipika.
ʻO ka megalodon mua e kū nei i ka Late Oligocene strata. ʻOiai no ka lilo ʻana o ka megalodon i loko o ka strata ma hope o nā loina Tertiary, ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi lākou i loko o nā ʻlima Pleistocene.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua make ka megalodon ma Pleistocene, ma kahi o 1,5 - 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka loiloi ʻana i ka nui o ka megalodon o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema e hoʻomau a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia, pilikia loa kēia pilikia. I ke kaiāulu ʻepekema, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka nui o ka megalodon ma mua o ka iho kohola, ʻoi aku ka mea maʻamau o Rhincodon. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka iwi o ka megalodon i hana ʻia e ka mea Buke a me Bashford Dean i ka makahiki 1909. Kahi uka no ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia, ka mea i loaʻa i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka megalodon: aia he 30 mau mika.
Eia naʻe, ʻike ka hope o nā fossil a me nā hana hou i loko o ka biology vertebrate i mea kānalua i ka hilinaʻi o kēia kūkulu. ʻO ke kumu nui ia o ka pololei o ka hana hou ʻana, ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ka helu a me kahi o nā niho o ka megalodon i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā o Dean. Wahi a nā mea loiloi loea, ʻo ka ʻatikala maoli ʻana o ka megalodon panga i kūkulu ʻia e Bashford Dean ma kahi o 30% heʻuʻuku i ka nui o nā kumu mua a e kū pū ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kino e kūlike me nā mea e ʻike nei. I kēia manawa, ua hāpai ʻia kekahi mau kaʻina no ka koho ʻana i ka nui o ka megalodon, e pili ana i ka pili helu ʻana ma waena o ka nui o ka niho a me ka loa o ke kino o kahi manu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.

I kēia manawa, ʻae ia i ka ʻepekema kaiāulu i hiki ka megalodon i hiki i 18.2 - 20,3 mika ka loa.
No laila, hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ka megalodon ka makō nui loa i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema, ʻo kekahi o nā iʻa nui loa e noho ana i nā kai o ka honua.

He mau niho ikaika ʻo Megalodon, hiki nō i kā lākou huina holoʻokoʻa ka makahiki 276, i.e. aneane, like me ka hioke ke keʻokeʻo nui. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho ma 5 mau lālani. Wahi a paleontologists, ʻo ka iwi ʻōpio o nā megalodon kanaka ākea hiki ke hiki i 2 mita.
ʻO nā niho ikaika loa o Megalodon i kahakaha ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu iā ia e hōʻoki i kahi mau ʻiʻo mai nā kino o nā mea hoʻomālamalama. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Paleontologist B. Kent, he koʻikoʻi kēia mau niho no ko lākou nui a loaʻa kekahi ʻano iki, ʻoiai lākou i ka ikaika pāloli. Nui nā aʻa o nā niho o ka megalodon i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka niho. ʻAʻole kēlā mau mea like me ka mea e hōʻoki maikaʻi ai - ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia iā lākou e paʻa i ka waiwai ikaika, a kaʻi liʻiliʻi ʻole e wāwahi i ka wā e ʻoki ʻia ai nā iwi.

No ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā niho nui a ikaika loa, ʻo nā ʻōpala o megalodon kekahi i nui loa, ikaika a ikaika. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole i ke poʻo megalodon he ʻano puaʻa ʻokoʻa.

Ua aʻo pū lākou i ka mana o kahi palau megalodon. Ua pili ʻo Zoologists i ka mea ʻenemi a me ka ʻikisika i kēia helu. I kahi hopena o ka noiʻi a me ka helu ʻana, ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka ikaika o kahi hiu megalodon ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻumikumamāwalu tons! He mana kupaianaha wale nō kēia.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ikaika o kahi hiʻu megalodon kahi i kokoke ʻelima mau manawa ma mua o ka tyrannosaurs, a ʻo ka nui ka māka ke keʻokeʻo he nui kahe aʻoki ʻoki e pili ana i 2 mau haneli.

E pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona salient i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hiki i ka ʻepekema ʻAmelika ʻo Gottfried me kāna mau hoa hana ke hana hou i ke ʻeke holoʻokoʻa o kahi megalodon. Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka Calvert Marine Museum (Solomon Islands, Maryland, USA). ʻO ke kākala i kūkulu ʻia he lōʻihi loa o 11.5 mau mika a ua pili ʻo ia me kahi pali ʻōpio. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā loli a me ka hoʻohālikelike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koʻihi o ka megalodon hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo nui he ontogenetic ma ke ʻano, a pono e hana i nā ʻeke keʻokeʻo nui me ka nui o ka nui.

Ua hana ʻo Paleontologists i kahi noi o nā fossil i hoʻoholo ʻia no nā ʻano o nā hana a me nā hana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana megalodon. Hōʻike kāna mau hopena e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ala kaua me ka nui o ka mea i loaʻa. Hōʻike nā hiʻona o nā fula liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mana o ka mana nui i ka ʻāʻī ʻana, a ma hope o kahi mea i luku ʻia a ʻai ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā mea e aʻo ai - ke koena o ka kohola whisked 9 mau mika o ka manawa Miocene, hiki iā ia ke kikoʻōlelo nui i ka ʻano hoʻouka o ka megalodon. Ua hoʻouka ʻino ʻia ka mea nāna i nā wahi ʻoi loa o ka iwi o ka mea i hoʻopihapiha (nā poʻohiwi, nā ʻūhā, nā umauma, ʻo ka ʻili o luna), ka mea i pale ʻia e ka ʻūhā keʻokeʻo nui.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Bretton Kent e hoʻāʻo ʻo megalodon e wāwahi i nā iwi a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea ola nui (e like me ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻōpū) i paʻa i ka umauma o ka mea i pio. Ke kaua mai nei i kēia mau mea nui i ka ʻai o ka nui o ka make. Hōʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi ʻana i ke kumu no ka makemake ʻana o ka megalodon i nā niho ikaika i ka puhī.

I ka wā Pliocene, puka mai nā cetaceans nui a ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻololi ʻo Megalodons i kā lākou hoʻolālā kūʻē ʻana e hana i kēia mau holoholona he nui. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi nui o nā iwi o nā palapela a me nā kūpeʻe caudal nui o nā kohola nui o ka wā Pliocene, i loaʻa i nā māka i waiho ʻia e nā puʻu megalodon. Hōʻike kēia mau moʻolelo paleontological i mua i ka megalodon i hoʻāʻo mua e hoʻohemo nui i ka waiwai nui me ka ʻokiʻū a i ʻole leʻa wale ʻana i nā mea ʻeha ona, a make wale nō a ʻai ia.

Ua lilo ʻo Megalodons i hala he 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Noho lākou i ka lōʻihi loa ma ka Hūkū Hema. He poʻe lawaiʻa lākou i nā kohola mua, aʻo ka cetoteriums. Noho ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kai ʻaina. I ka hoʻoilo ʻia o ke anuanu i ka Pliocene, ua nalowale nā ​​aniani i "hoʻopili" nui ʻia ai nā wai nui a me nā kai he nui. Ua loli ka palapala honua o nā moana. Pau nā ona. Hiki i nā kohola ke ola, peʻe ana i nā wai anu plankton-piha. No nā megalodons, ua lilo kēia i mea i make ai. ʻO Orcas ka mea i ʻike like ʻia i ka manawa like, e ʻai ai i nā ʻōpala ʻōpio, hiki iā lākou ke hana i ko lākou kuleana.

Aia kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi i lilo i ka megalodon ma muli o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka Isthmus o Panama ma waena o nā konohona ʻAmelika. I kēlā manawa, ua aniani nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka honua - ke ʻano nei o ke ʻano o nā ʻoluʻolu mahana, ua loli ke ʻano o ke aniau. No laila heʻike koʻikoʻi ʻepekema kēiaʻike. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā kaona ʻelua e ka Isthmus o Panamā he manaʻo pilikino. Akā ʻo ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo nō naʻe - nalowale ka megalodon, puka maila ʻo Panama, me ke kapikala o Panama City.
Pīhoihoi ia ma ka ʻāina o Panamona ua loaʻa nā ʻohana o nā niho no nā keiki megalodon opio, ʻo ia hoʻi ua ʻōpio ʻo kēia ʻōpio megalodon i hoʻohana i kona wā kamaliʻi. I ka honua kahi i loaʻa ai i kahi ʻē aʻe kahi like. ʻAʻole kēia he manaʻo ʻaʻole lākou ma laila, ʻo Panama wale nō ka mea mua i loaʻa i kahi like. Ma mua, ua loaʻa kekahi mea like ma South Carolina, akā inā i nā niho ʻo Republic of Panama ua loaʻa i nā ʻāpana he nui loa ma lalo o nā pā, a laila ma South Carolina e loaʻa ai nā niho o nā pākeke, a me nā ʻolo o nā kohola, a me nā koena o nā meaola ʻē aʻe. Aia kahi mea maʻamau, eia naʻe, ma waena o kēia mau ʻike ʻelua - ʻelua ma ka Repubalika o Panama a me South Carolina, loaʻa nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi pae ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻalahi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ola megalodon i loko o ka wai papau, a i ʻole holo i ʻaneʻi e hānau ai.

He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi kēia ʻike no ka mea ʻike mua nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻaʻole pono ke kau me ka wō me ka meododon - no ka mea, ʻo megalodon ka mea nui e pihi i ka honua. Hōʻike ʻia nei kahi hypothesis ma luna aʻe nei i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka wai papua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea ʻōpio i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, aia kekahi mau pali o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o ka megalodon (malek) o ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mau mika. ʻO kahi hii ʻelua mika, ʻo kahi megalodon hoʻi, e lele ana mai kona mau hoahānau, hiki ke lilo i mea ʻai o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Akā naʻe, no ke aha i nalowale ai kahi nui me ka ikaika nui o ka honua me ka honua? Nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i kēia. ʻOiai nō ka loaʻa ʻole o ka megalodon i nā ʻenemi nui i ka hohonu o ke kai, eia naʻe naʻe i ka pōpilikia kona lehulehu.
Kahi ʻia nā kohola nui, ʻo ka ikaika o ia mau mea ʻaʻole i nā niho ikaika wale nō a ma kahi kino ʻē aʻe, akā i ke ʻano maʻamau. Uaʻimi nei kēia mau iʻa pōlani i nā ʻeke, waiho ʻia i kahi ʻano nui i ke kai e like me megalodon ʻaʻole e ola. Uaʻimi pinepine ʻo Killer i nā ʻili ʻōpala a me ʻai i kāna hua.
Akā ʻaʻole wale ke kumu a ʻaʻole ke kumu maʻi wale nō e wehewehe nei i ka pau ʻana o ka megalodon. ʻO nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kai i loko o ke kai ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o nā wai o ka Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika e ka isthmus i manaʻoʻiʻo nō hoʻi ka manaʻo o ka megalodon i loko o ka wai liʻiliʻi.
Wahi a kekahi o kēia mau kumuhana, ua make wale ka megalodon no ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻai mea ʻai. A ʻo ka mea ka nui o kēia predator. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pono i kēlā kino nui e koi i ka ʻai a nui mau loa! A inā hiki i nā kohola nui hiki ke ola, no ka mea, e like me ko lākou poʻe kūpuna, ua hānai ʻia ma ka plankton, a laila ua maopopo ka megalodon ʻaʻole i nā meaʻai nui a me ka pono no ka noho maikaʻi ʻana.

He ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻōlelo āpau, a i ʻole hui pū ʻole ia mau mea a pau, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka megalodon pono ʻole ke haʻi mai iā mākou i kekahi mea, a hiki wale i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hana i nā kuhi, nā hypotheses a me nā ʻano.

Inā ola ka megalodon a hiki i kēia lā, hiki i kahi ke nānā pinepine iā ia. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka waʻa nui e noho ana i nā wai kahakai.
ʻOiai. hiki i nā mea āpau ke.
I Nowemapa 2013, ʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili kupaianaha i loko o nā lehulehu e pili ana i kahi wikiō i kī ʻia e ka poʻe Kepani ma ka Mariana Trench ma kahi hohonu. Hōʻike ʻia kahi lua puhō ma nā papa, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā mea kākau o ka wahi wikiō e like me megalodon i ola a hiki i kēia lā. E aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia ma aneʻi.

I ka pau ʻana o ka moʻolelo - he wikiō e pili ana i ka megalodon, kī ʻia e ka channel Pelekane ʻo Nat Geo Wild HD.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ma Megalodon

ʻO ka inoa o kēia pēke nui e noho ana ma ka Paleogene - Neogene (a e like me kekahi mau kumu ʻike, e hōʻea ana i ka Pleistocene) ua unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Helene he "niho nui". ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻo ʻia ua mālama megalodon i ka poʻe noho moana ma ka makaʻu no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻike ʻia ana no 28.1 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ua komo lākou i ka 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

Nā Papakai

ʻO nā hana e pili ana i ka Renaissance e haʻi i nā hihia i loaʻa nā niho lapalapa nui i nā puka pōhaku. I ka manawa mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ua mau niho lā nā leo ʻalelona o nā ʻīlio a me nā heihei a kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "glossopeter" (mai nā ʻ “lelo Helene "mau huaʻala"). Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ka wehewehe wehewehe mua i 1667 e ka Koi naturalist Niels Stensen: ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā niho o nā mango kahiko i loko o lākou. ʻO ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ia o ke poʻo o ka mano mano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā niho like i loaʻa i ke kaulana. Ma waena o nā niho, nā kiʻi āna i paʻi ai, aia nā niho megalodon.

He ʻauhau

ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema mua loa Carcharodon megalodon ua hāʻawi ʻia i kēia manō i ka makahiki 1835 e ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe Swiss mua ʻo Jean Louis Agassis i Hoʻopili hou ʻia ma nā wahi heʻe pōʻaiʻai ("ʻO ka loiloi o ka iʻa fossil", 1833-1843). Ma muli o ka like like o ka morphological o nā niho o ka megalodon me nā niho o kahi ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo, hōʻike ʻo Agassis me meododon i ka ʻano like ʻole. Carcharodon . ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1960, ka mea noiʻi Belgian Edgar Casier, i manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua mamao loa kēia mau hiʻi mai kekahi mai kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka megalodon a me nā ʻano pili i loko o kāna ʻano. Procarcharodon. ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1964, ua 'ike' ia e ka 'epekema Soviet S. S. Glikman, he' pili 'ana o ka megalodon me kahi' aʻapo a me ke keokeo, a lawe 'ia mai ana i kahi mea kokoke. Carcharocles / otodus chubutensis (English), i ke ʻano hou ʻO Megaselachus, a me nā mea pili i pili i ke koina niho lateral ma ko lākou mau niho i komo pū i ka hua Otodus . ^ E Ha yM. I 1987, ua ʻike ka manaʻo o ka ichthyologist Farani Henri Cappetta Procarcharodon ʻO ka ʻono kaila ʻōpio no ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1923 ʻO nā Kalemalaka, a halihali megalodon a me kekahi mau mea pili i pili me (me ka maka o ka niho serrated, akā me ka ʻike o ka niho niho lateral) ʻO nā Kalemalaka . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia koho (Carcharocles megalodon) loaʻa i ka puʻupuʻu nui loa, ʻo ka Glikman version (Megaselachus megalodon) I ka makahiki 2012, ua noi ʻo Cappetta i kahi papa inoa hou: ua lawe ʻo ia i megalodon me nā mea kokoke kokoke i ka hua Otodus, ma laila ua hōʻike ai iā ia ka 3 subgenus: Otodus, ʻO nā Kalemalaka a ʻO Megaselachusno laila ua loaʻa ka inoa i ka inoa Otodus megalodon . ^ E Ha yM. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pika o kēia ʻano, he piʻi nui a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka niho, serration o ka incisal tepi, a ma hope - i nalowale i hoʻokahi o nā niho lateral. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana o Glickman (1964), Cappetta (1987) a me Cappetta (2012) kahi i loaʻa ai nā palena palena ma waena o ka genera i kēia hoʻololi hoʻololi e pili ana, akā, e pili ana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana a pili, ka megalodon no ka ʻohana Otodontidae.

ʻO ka mea kahiko o ka pilina pili mua o ka megalodon a me ka shark keʻokeʻo ʻaʻohe kākoʻo o waena o nā ʻepekema nui. Akā, ʻo nā mea e hoʻopili nei i kēia mana e kapa iā ia Carcharodon megalodon a, nolaila, aia no ka ohana o Lamnidae.

ʻO nā niho niho

ʻO nā niho maʻamau ka megalodon o kona mau niho. ʻO nā moʻo o kēia mau lā, ʻo nā niho like ke like me nā niho like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho o ka megalodon (ʻoi aku i 2-3 mau manawa), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika, a me ka ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka serrated. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ana (me ka lōʻihi diagonal) o nā niho megalodon hiki ke 18-19 cm, ʻo ia ka nui loa o nā niho shark kaulana i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua.

He ʻokoʻa nā Megalodon mai nā pili pili like ʻole, me ka waiho ʻole ʻia o nā manamana o nā keiki iima ma nā niho o nā pākeke. I ka hele ʻana o ka ʻōlohelohe, nalowale ka nalowale o nā niho i ka lōʻihi o ka waʻa o nā ʻōpio a me nā niho ma nā kaʻe o ka waha. I loko o ka Late Oligocene, he mea ʻole ka pale o nā denticles i nā pākeke, a ma ka Miocene lilo ke ʻano. Mālama nā ʻōpala me nā ʻōpala'ōpiopio i nā ʻōpio, akā ua nalowale iā lākou ma mua o ka Pliocene.

Febril vertebrae

Nui nā mea he nui o ka ʻōpū o nā pou spinal o megalodon. Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea kaulana loa ma Belarus i ka makahiki 1926. Loaʻa ia he 150 vertebrae me ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 15.5 cm. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka megalodon vertebrae iʻoi aku ma mua o 22,5 cm, no ka laʻana, ma 2006 ma Peru, loaʻa kahi koleka vertebral me ka loa o ka diameter vertebrae e pili ana i 26 cm. ʻO ka vertebrae o megalodon e hoʻohuli nui ʻia e kū i kona wā nui a me nā ukana e kū mai ana i ka paʻakikī o ke kūlohelohe.

Ka Mahele Apana

Loaʻa nā koena mevalodon Fossilized i nā wahi o ka honua, e pili ana i ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika Hema, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Africa, Malta, nā Grenadines a me India. Loaʻa ka mau niho o Megalodon i nā wahi mamao loa mai nā konitiniki (no ka laʻana, ma ka Mariana Trench ma ka Pakipika. Noho ʻo ia ma ka wai subtropical a me ke ahonui o nā hemisekane ʻelua; ua mālama ʻia ka mahana o ka wai ma loko o kona hāʻawi ʻana ma nā lā 12-27. Ma Venezuela, ʻike ʻia nā niho megalodon i ʻike ʻia i nā wai wai wai, kahi e hōʻike ʻia nei me megalodon, e like me ka shark bull modern, ua hana ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai hou.

Wahi a kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia ma ka makahiki 2016, ʻo ka megalodon ʻike mua loa nona ka Midoc (ʻoi aku ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), akā aia kekahi mau hōʻike ʻo Oligocene a loaʻa paha ʻo Eocene. ʻO kekahi mau manawa o ka helehelena o nā ʻano pili i ka Middle Miocene. ʻO ke kūlike o ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa o kekahi ʻano e pili ana, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka luhi o ka palena ma waena o ia me kona kūpuna ola Carcharocles chubutensis (English): kahi loli o nā hōʻailona o nā niho i ka wā o ka hoʻomaikaʻi e holomua ai ka maʻi.

Ua hala ʻo Megalodon, ua hala paha ma ka palena o ka Pliocene a me Pleistocene, ma kahi o 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau lono o ka mea i loaʻa iā Pleistocene. ʻO kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia he 1.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala. No nā niho i kū aʻe mai ka lalo o ke kai, ʻo kekahi mau mea noiʻi, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpipī o ka ʻōpū, loaʻa i ka mau haneli he mau haneli a ʻoi paha mau makahiki he mau makahiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻano o kēia ʻano puʻupuʻu: hiki ke ulu i ka ʻōpio i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻāpana hoʻokahi, a i ʻole hooki i ka ulu ʻana no nā kumu ʻaʻole maopopo.

Noho kikowaena

I waena o nā ʻano ʻano o kēia wa, ʻo ka mea like loa me ka megalodon ma mua i manaʻo ʻia ai kekahi kapa keʻokeʻo. Ma muli o ka nele o kahi mau keaka o ka maikaʻi o ka megalodon, ua koi ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻokumu i kona kūkulu ʻia ʻana a me ka manaʻo no kona nui nui i ka morphology o nā poke keokeo. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe nā otodontids (ka ʻohana nona ka megalodon) ʻaʻole pili pili i nā ʻaka hiʻupaʻa, a ʻoiai he lālā lākou o nā hiu mua loa, ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona basal o nā lamiformiformes. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana o ke ʻano megalodon e like me ke kahakai one, a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o nā niho, ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā aniani keʻokeʻo, ʻoi aku ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea ulu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻano like ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona a me ke kino o ka megalodon, e like me nā ʻano o nā mano puhō, ʻo ka like ʻana o nā kūlike like ʻole no nā holoholona nui.

Nui kikoʻī

ʻO ka nīnau nui loa o ka megalodon nui. I ke kaiāulu ʻepekema, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka like me megalodon e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o ka pīʻolima kahikoʻAno maʻamau ʻo Rhincodon) a me ka iʻa iwi iwi i kapa ʻia nā taupdsihtis (Kaleilehua) ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka iwi o ka megalodon i hana ʻia e ka mea Buke a me Bashford Dean i ka makahiki 1909. Kahi uka o ka nui o nā pahu i kūkulu ʻia, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo no ka lōʻihi o ke kino megalodon: he 30 mau mika. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike hope i nā fossils a me nā holomua hou i loko o ka biology vertebrate i mea kānalua i ka hilinaʻi o kēia hana hou ʻana. ʻO ke kumu nui ia o ka pololei o ka hana hou ʻana, ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ka helu a me kahi o nā niho o ka megalodon i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā o Dean. Wahi a nā poʻe loiloi loea, ʻo ka ʻatikala kūpono loa o ka ʻāpana megalodon i kūkulu ʻia e Bashford Dean e ʻoi aku ma mua o 30% mau liʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka ʻili, a e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kino e kūlike me nā mea e ʻike nei. I kēia manawa, ua hāpai ʻia kekahi mau kaʻina no ka koho ʻana i ka nui o ka megalodon, e pili ana i ka pili helu ʻana ma waena o ka nui o ka niho a me ka loa o ke kino o kahi manu keʻokeʻo nui.

ʻO Ka Hoʻolālā John E. Randall

I ka makahiki 1973, ua koho ʻo ichthyologist ʻo John E. Randall i kahi ala no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nui o ka shark keʻokeʻo nui a extrapolating e hoʻoholo i ka nui o kahi megalodon. Wahi a Randall, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino megalodon ma nā mika e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka puʻupuʻu:

L = 0,096 × ke kiʻekiʻe o ka enamel niho i ke aniani.

Kūkulu ʻia kēia ala ma ka ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka enamel (kahi kū mamao loa mai ke kumu o ka ʻaoʻao enameled o ka niho i kona ʻāpana) ʻo nā niho nui o ka mua o ka iwi kāne o ka shark a hoʻopili ʻia me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kona kino.

Mai ka kiʻekiʻe o ka enamel o ka niho megalodon ka nui i loaʻa iā Randall i kēlā manawa he 115 mm, ua huli ka megalodon i ka lōʻihi o 13 mika. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1991, ʻelua mau noiʻi shark (ʻo Richard Ellis lāua ʻo John E. McCrocker) i kuhikuhi i kahi hala hiki ke kumu i ka hana ʻo Randall. Wahi a kā lākou noiʻi, ʻaʻole i kūlike mau ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka enamel o ka niho shark e like me ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa. Ma muli o ka ʻikepili mai kēia mau noiʻi, ʻoi aku nā ala hou, ʻoi aku ka pono o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka pō keʻokeʻo nui a me nā ʻano like like o nā pōmaikaʻi.

Ke ʻano o ka gottfried a me nā mea ʻē aʻe

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻaoʻao e nā ʻepekema e kū pū ana iā Michael D. Gottfried, ʻo Leonard Compagno, a me S. Curtis Bowman, ka mea ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻimi ʻana i nā nui o nā kuhi keokeo he nui, noi i kahi ala hou no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā nui. C. kalekaa a C. megalodon, i paʻi ʻia kā lākou hopena i 1996. Wahi a kēia ʻano, hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kino megalodon ma nā mika.

L = −0.22 + 0,096 × (ka loa kiʻekiʻe o ka niho mua ma ka milimili).

ʻO ka niho nui loa o mua o ka megalodon, ma ka hoʻolei ʻana o kēia hui o nā mea noiʻi, he nui (i.e., i hiki mai i ke kiʻekiʻe o 168 milimita. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia niho no L. Compagno ma 1993. ʻO ka hopena o ke kaupaona e like me ka ʻōmole no ka mea pili i ke kino lōʻihi o 15,9 m. 'O ka loa o ke kiʻi niho kūpono ma kēia' ano kūpono 'ia me ka loa o ke laina kūʻao mai ka piko o ka lei niho ma ka mahele haʻahaʻa o ke aʻa e kūlike ana i ka lipi lōʻihi o ka niho, i.e.' o ka nui o ka niho niho e like me kona kiʻekiʻe.

Kau ka paona

Ua hāpai ʻo Gottfried et al. I kahi kaʻina no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ke kino o ka palaho keʻokeʻo nui, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka māhele o ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka 175 mau kanaka o kēia ʻano ʻano like ʻole, a extrapolated i mea e hoʻoholo ai ka nui o ka megalodon. ʻO ke paona o ka megalodone i loko o ke kilograms, e like me kēia ʻano, ke ana ʻia e ka ʻōiwi.

M = 3.2 × 10 −6 × (ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma nā mika) 3.174

Wahi a kēia ʻano, loaʻa i ka lōʻihi o ke ana o 15.9 mika ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino e pili ana i 47 tons.

Kaʻina Kenshu Simada.

I ka makahiki 2002, kahi paleontologist Kenshu Simada mai DePaul University, e like me Randall, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻokumu i ka pilina laina ma waena o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lei o nā niho a me ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana i ka loiloi anatomical o kekahi mau tauira o nā hiʻona keʻokeʻo. ʻAe kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā niho i kekahi kūlana i ka mālama niho. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Simada, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hana i hāpai ʻia ma mua o ke kuhi ʻana o ka home dental ma waena o ka megalodon a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a ʻo ka ulu o ka lei a me ke aʻa o ka niho ʻaʻole isometric. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻolālā Simad, nā niho mua o ka lōʻihi o ka mea e paʻa ai ka mea a Gottfried a me nā mea hana i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 15,9 m, e pili ana i kahi hiapo me ka lōʻihi o 15 mika. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka helu ʻana o ka makahiki 2002, lawe ʻia e Kenshu Simada ma 2019, he mea aʻe ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻia e ka niho o mua e pono ai. I ka makahiki 2015, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o nā niho megalodon, ʻo S. Pimiento a me M.A. Balk e hoʻohana ana i ke ʻano ʻo Keneschu Simada i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka megalodons ma kahi o 10 m. He manaʻo nui ko ka hapa nui o ka mau noiʻi i ʻike ʻia e lākou ma ka 17-18 m. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka makahiki 2019, kuhikuhi ʻo Kenshu Simada i kahi hewa i ka helu ʻana o S. Pimiento a me M.A. Balk, e hoʻohui ana i nā niho megalodon ka nui loa i ʻike ʻia i ka honua ʻepekema ʻaʻole paha he 14.2-15.3 mita ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kēlā nui loa nā poʻe nā malihini.

ʻO Mīkini Clifford Jeremiah

I ka makahiki 2002, ua noi ʻia e ka mea noiʻi shark Clifford Jeremiah he ʻano no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o kahi nui keʻokeʻo nui a me nā ʻano like like ʻole. Wahi a kēia ʻano, ke kālele ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kino o ka poki ma nā pulu.

L = laulā o ke aʻa o ka niho anterior kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā kenimika × 4.5.

Wahi a K. Ieremia, ʻo ke kelepona o ka iwi o ka shark e pili kū pono ana i kona lōʻihi, a ʻo ka laulā o nā aʻa o nā niho nui loa e hiki iā mākou ke koho i ka kelima o ka iwi. ʻO ka niho nunui loa i loaʻa iā K. Ieremia he laulā ākea o kahi o 12 kenimika, kahi i kūpono i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 15.5 mika.

Kūwaʻi Vertebra

ʻO kekahi o nā ala kūpono kūpono loa no ka koho ʻana i ka nui o megalodons me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka niho ma muli o ka nui o ka vertebrae. Manaʻo ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka vertebrae i kēia ʻano. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi o lākou ma 1996 e Gottfried a me nā mea kākau kākau. Ma kēia hana, e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana vertebral ʻāpana mai Belzila a me ka vertube keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻōkuhi penei:

L = 0.22 + 0.058 × ka nui vertebra

ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻelua no ka helu ʻana i ka vertebrae i manaʻo ʻia e Simada et al. Ma ka 2008, ua manaʻo lākou i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pōho. Cretoxyrhina mantelli. ^ E Ha yM. Penei ka pōkole o kēia:

L = 0.281 + 0.05746 × ka nui o ka vertebra

He liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hopena i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i kēia mau ʻōlima. ʻOiai ka luhi o ka megalodon vertebrae, hiki i kēia mau kaʻina ke hiki ke helu i nā nui o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui. ʻO ka ʻāpana kolone o ka megalodone, i loaʻa ma Tenemaka i ka makahiki 1983, he 20 ia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka vertebrae me ka nui ka nui o ka 23 cm. E pili ana i nā ʻōmole i manaʻo ʻia, ʻo kēia megalodon kanaka he 13,5 m ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā niho kaulana i ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe he 16 cm. Hōʻike kēia hōʻike i nā niho nui o ka megalodons i hōʻike ʻole i ka nui o ka nui o kēia mau ʻōpio i ke ola.

ʻO ka loiloi hope loa o ka nui loa

I kēia manawa, i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, ʻo ka hapa maʻamau ka nui o ka megalodon ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 15 mau mika. ʻO ka nui paha ka lōʻihi o ka megalodon e hoʻohālikelike ai iā ia e pili ana i ka 15,1 m. No laila, ʻo nā noi i kēia manawa e hōʻike nei, ʻoiai ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia, ʻo megalodon ka makō nui loa i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema, e hoʻokūkū ana no kēia inoa wale nō me ka hiola kaiola i kēia manawa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa nui i noho ai i kai o ko mākou honua. . ^ E Ha yM.

Nā mea hao a me nā mīkini ʻuhane

Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi hui o nā ʻepekema Kepani (T. Uyeno, O. Sakamoto, G. Sekine) i ka makahiki 1989 i nā ʻuna o ka megalodon i loaʻa i loko o Saitama Prefecture (Iapana) me kahi pūlima pili pono niho. Ua loaʻa hou kahi hana holoʻokoʻa loa mai Yorktown Formation ma Lee Creek, North Carolina, USA. Ua lilo ia i kumu no ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻōpala o ka megalodon i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma New York. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau ʻike ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka helu a me nā wahi o nā niho i ka leʻaleʻa, kahi e hiki ai ke hana hou i nā kūpaʻa kūpono. Ma hope mai, ua loaʻa nā mea hana niho megalodon hou. I ka makahiki 1996, ua ho'ākāka ʻo S. Applegate lāua ʻo L. Espinosa i kāna ʻano niho niho: 2.1.7.4 3.0.8.4 < displaystyle < hoʻomaka< frac <2.1.7.4> <3.0.8.4 >> pau>> (mai hema a hema - ka nui o mua, waena, lateral a me nā niho posterior i kēlā me kēia hapalua o ke poʻo o luna (luna) a me lalo (lalo). Kahi ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻōpū o ka megalodon e pili ana i kēia ʻano.

He niho ikaika loa o Megalodon, hiki nō i kā lākou huina he 276. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho ma 5 mau lālani. Wahi a ka paleontologists, ʻo nā lehelehe o nā mea he nui o ka megalodon i hōʻea i 2 mau mika.

Ikaika kikowaena

I ka 2008, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi pūʻulu ʻepekema e alakaʻi ʻia e Stephen Uro i kahi kamepiula kamepiula o nā ʻāʻī ʻā a me nā ʻalā i nā ʻōpū o kahi manō keʻokeʻo e kau ana i ka 240 kg a ua helu ʻo ia ka mea ʻeke i kekahi mau wahi o kona waha a hiki i ka 3.1 kN. Kahi ʻia kēia waiwai me megalodon (me ka manaʻo he like nā pae like) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua koho no ka nui o kāna mauʻu. Me ka nui o 48 tons, ua helu ʻia ka ikaika o 109 kN, a me kahi helu he 103 tons - 182 kN. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau waiwai mai ka ʻike mai o ka manaʻo o ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka nui o ka megalodon, ua 17 mauʻu ma mua o ka ikaika o kahi ʻuʻuku o ka dunkleosteus (6.3 kN), 9 mau manawa ma mua o ka nui o ka shark keʻokeʻo nui (ma kahi o 12 kN). 3 mau manawa hou aku ma mua o ka mea paʻa i kēia wā - nā crocodile ua kuʻi ʻia (ma kahi o 28-34 kN) a i ʻole ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā pliosaurus Pliosaurus kevani (64-81 kN), akā he haʻahaʻa loa ia i ka ikaika o kahi ʻuʻuku o kahi deinosuchus (356 kN), kahi tyrannosaurus (183–235 kN), he mosasaur Hoffman (ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 kN) a me nā holoholona like like. No laila, ʻo ka megalodon, ma muli o kona nui, loaʻa kekahi o nā ikaika loa e ʻike i ka ʻepekema i kēia lā, ʻoiai kēia ʻōkuhi he liʻiliʻi iki me ka mahalo o ke kaupaona ma muli o ka iwi ʻōpala o ka hōʻeha i ka ikaika.

Hola hana

Ikaika, akā, palupulu nā niho megalodon ua pū ʻia me kahi kihi ʻoki haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike ʻo Paleontologist Bretton Kent i kēia mau niho nā mānoanoa no ka nui o kā lākou liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, akā ʻo ka ikaika bending maikaʻi. He nui ko lākou aʻa me ka hoʻohālikelike i ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka niho.ʻAʻole maikaʻi wale kēlā mau niho nā kaila ʻoki maikaʻi, ua hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia e wehe i ka umauma a ʻuʻā i ka vertebrae o kekahi holoholona nui, a kaʻi iki ʻole i wāwahi ʻia i ka wā oki i ka iwi. No laila, i ka wā e hānai ana i kahi kalepa nui, hiki i kahi megalodon ke kiʻi i kēlā mau wahi i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i nā hapa ʻē aʻe he nui.

Keʻehi lau huakou

Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻāpana me ka nui o ka megalodon i Belgium, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka nui o ka vertebrae i ka megalodon i ʻoi aku i ka nui o ka vertebrae i loko o nā ʻāpana nui o nā manō. Pau wale nō ka helu o ka vertebrae o ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nui, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilina anatomical ma waena o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, e pili ana i ke kūlana hoʻonohonoho o ka megalodon, ua manaʻo ʻia aia i waho e like me kahi hioke keokeo ma mua o kahi hioke keokeo nui, no ka mea he elongated kino a me ka lau heterocercal he mau wahi kohu no kēia hui.

Ke ʻoki nei

Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia i luna nei, ua hiki iā Gottfried a me kāna mau hoa hana ke hana hou i ke ʻeke holoʻokoʻa o kahi megalodon. Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka Calvert Marine Museum (Solomon Islands, Maryland, USA). ʻO ka paona i kūkulu ʻia he lōʻihi loa o 11.5 mau mika a ua pili ʻo ia me ka pākeke maʻamau. Hōʻike ka hui i nā loli a me ka hoʻohālikelike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koʻalā o ka megalodon i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka shark keʻokeʻo nui he ontogenetic ma ke kūlohelohe, a pono e hana ma nā hiohina keʻokeʻo nui me ka nui o ka nui.

ʻO nā pilikia nui nui

ʻO Megalodon ka nui loa o nā iʻa a pau i hele ai i mua, me nā lidsichtis a me nā poholā koholā hou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka shark predatory ka nui loa, ʻo ka megalodon, nā mea kānana nui loa, nā lidsichtis a me nā ʻiʻo whale, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka nui o nā kohola nui a ʻaʻole i kau ʻia i ke kau paona o kahi o 40 tons. ʻO kēia no ka mea, me ka piʻi o ka nui o ke kino, ulu ka nui i ka lehelehe i lalo o kona ʻāpana. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke kino o ka iʻa e ka ʻona o ka wahi e hōʻiliʻili i ka oxygen (gills). I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka nui a me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā gills, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā pilikia kulekele.

No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau iʻa ʻano nui, e komo pū me megalodon, nā lawaiʻa aerobic wikiwiki loa - he liʻiliʻi iki lākou. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe a me ka metabolism o ka megalodon e hoʻohālikelike pololei ia me nā mea o ke kohola, ʻaʻole nā ​​māka keokeo keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole maopopo inā hoʻomohala ʻia ka megalodon i kahi pā lua piha homocercal, nona ka ʻahu keokeo e hoʻohana pinepine ai i ka pāhiki a mālama i ka wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hana ʻia e kona home homoyothermy. Loaʻa paha iā Megalodon he fin caudal heterocercal, pono ia no ka lūlū puʻupuʻu a he wale nō ka manawa pōkole wale nō, a he mea ʻole ʻole e wela. ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe ka liʻiliʻi o ka cartilage i ka ikaika i nā iwi a ʻoiai ke koʻikoʻi ka helu ʻana, a no laila ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻōpū o kahi puʻu nui, i hoʻopili ʻia ma ia ʻano hana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi me ka ikaika nui no ka ola kino.

ʻO ka pilina me ka mea pio

ʻO nā mea e like me ka nui nui, nā ʻōpio ikaika a me nā niho nui me kahi kaʻi ʻokiʻoki maikaʻi, hōʻike ʻia i hiki me ka megalodon ke hoouka i nā holoholona iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā hiʻi o kēia mau lā. ʻOiai nā ʻaka, ma ke ʻano he lula, he mau poʻe kūpono i ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻōlelo ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo megalala, he mea hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano meaʻai a ʻokoʻa loa kēia kānāwai. Ma muli o kona nui nui, ua hiki i kēia mea kuhi ke hoʻokau i kahi ākea he nui paha, ʻoiai ʻoi ka mea, ʻaʻole i like ka nui o kāna mau keʻena hānai ʻawaʻawa ma mua o ka hoʻohālike. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū wale nō a me nā ʻenemi o nā megalodons i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻo ia wale nō ka nui o nā iʻa, e like me nā leviathans a me nā zygophysites, a me nā ʻuhane ʻē aʻe (e komo pū ana kekahi ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO nā Kalemalaka — Carcharocles chubutensis ) Ke hōʻike nei ʻo Fossil i ka hānai megalodon ma nā cetaceans, e pili ana i nā kohola sperm liʻiliʻi, nā ʻaleʻa pīpī mua, cetoterias, nā mea hao, nā walrus-like dolphins, nā māpala a me nā porpoises, sirens, pinnipeds a me nā ʻōholo moana. ʻO ka nui o nā megalodon nui e hōʻike ana i ka nui o kā lākou pio ka holoholona mai 2,5 a 7 mau mika lōʻihi - a hiki i kahi nui, hiki i kēia mau kohola ʻano mua. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mau wikiwiki ka mau kohua liʻiliʻi ʻoi loa a hiki ʻole ke hakakā i kahi predator, pono ka megalodon i nā mea kaua luku a me kahi hoʻolālā no ka hopu. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā iwi whale me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi mai nā niho nui (nāʻuʻuku hohonu) e pili ana i nā niho megalodon, a i nā nui he mau leʻe me nā niho ʻoi e pili ana i nā pōpoki manuahi me nā hōʻailona like, a i paʻa pū kekahi mau niho i loko o nā folo. E like me nā hua ʻai ʻē aʻe, ua ʻai nui ka megalodon i ka iʻa i ka nui, ʻoi loa i ka wā ʻōpio.

Ka hoʻokele ʻai

Hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻūhā i kēia mau i nā hoʻolālā hopu lawaiʻa paʻakikī i ka lawaiʻa no ka ʻai. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau paleontologists e hāʻawi i nā hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka hiō keokeo i ka manaʻo no ke kiʻi ʻana o ka megalodon i kāna waiwai nui no ka iho. Eia nō naʻe, ke waiho nei nā fossil i hiki i ka megalodon ke hoʻohana i ka ʻokoʻa ʻē a maikaʻi loa ka lawaiʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻike pono ʻo ia i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kāna mea mai ka mea hoʻohālua a ʻaʻole loa lākou i ake e hoʻoikaika, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻolālā i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a he palena paʻa loa.

I mea e hoʻoholo ai i nā ala o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka megalodon e pili ana i ka mining, ua hana ka paleontologist i kahi noiʻi kūikawā o nā koena fossil. Hōʻike kāna mau hopena e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ala kaua me ka nui o ka mea i loaʻa. Hōʻike nā hiʻona o nā fula liʻiliʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hipa o ka hipa, a ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana a ʻai ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā mea noiʻi - ʻo ka fossilia o kahi kohola whisked 9 mika o ka wā Miocene - hiki iā ia ke ʻano nui me ka huli ʻana i ka ʻano hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kahi megalodon. Ua hōʻeuʻeu ka mea nāna i ka ʻāʻī o nā wahi ʻoi loa o ka iwi o ka mea i hoʻopihapiha (nā poʻohiwi, nā ʻūpala, nā umauma, ʻo ka ʻili o luna), ka mea e pale ʻia e ka ʻū. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Bretton Kent e hoʻāʻo ʻo megalodon e wāwahi i nā iwi a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea ola nui (e like me ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻōpū) i paʻa i ka umauma o ka mea i pio. ʻO ka lele ʻana o kēia mau mea nui i ka pio o ka nui o ka make ʻana. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia kēia mau noiʻi ʻana i ke kumu o ka megalodon e pono ai nā niho ikaika hou ma mua o ka pono.

Ma ka Pliocene, he ʻokoʻa nā koholā liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia nei, ua puka mai nā cetaceans nui a ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻololi ʻo Megalodons i kā lākou hoʻolālā kaua e hoʻopaʻi i kēia mau holoholona. He nui nā iwi o nā pua a me ka caudal vertebrae o nā kohola Pliocene nui me nā ʻili o nā kamela megalodon. E hōʻike paha kēia ua hoʻāʻo mua ka megalodon e hoʻohālikelike nui i ka waiwai nui me ka ʻokiʻoki a ʻole i ka pohaʻī i kāna iwi paha, a laila pepehi wale a ʻai ʻia.

Hoʻākāka hou aʻe no ka hōʻino ʻana i nā iwi ʻōhi

ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻa nā, ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka metabolism a me ka ikaika o ke kino ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka megalodon i ʻoi aku i ka poʻe ʻuʻuku ma mua o nā mea kōkua ikaika. ʻO ka hōʻeha i nā iwi cetacean ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā ʻōkuhi a nā megalodons i hoʻohana ai i ka pepehi ʻana i ka waiwai nui, akā ʻo ke ala a lākou i lawe ai i nā kiko o ka umauma mai nā kupapaʻu i hiki ʻole i nā alika liʻiliʻi ke hōʻea, ʻo nā mea pōʻino mai nā ka hipa i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā megalodons e ʻike ʻia ana. I ka wāʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hiki ke loaʻa ʻia e nā kohola i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moʻomeheu intraspecific a ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopaʻa a make i kahi kohola liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ʻaki ʻana i ke kua a i ʻole ka umauma ʻo ia ka ʻāpana a pale nui loa, a paʻakikī loa a maʻi ʻole paha, ʻoiai hiki i ka megalodon ke luku wikiwiki nei i kāna pōpilikia, me ka hoʻouka ʻana iā ia i loko o ka ʻōpū e like me nā makika. Me kēia ʻano o ka ʻike, ʻo ka ʻoi loa o ka ikaika o ka niho niho o ka pā megalodon kanaka e hoʻopili maoli ai, aʻo nā niho o ka poʻe ʻōpio (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pana ikaika) a me nā ʻohana mua o megalodon ua like me nā niho o nā kaika keʻokeʻo o ka honua.

Hoʻohālikelike

Ua lilo kēia mau hiu i kahi ma 3 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻopulapula, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū me nā mea wīwī i ka wā o ka mōʻai ʻana, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o ka huli honua. Ua loaʻa i ka Megalodons ka pōmaikaʻi no ka mea ua ola lākou i ka manawa i kolo ai ka lime mau manu ʻehā i loko o ke kai, a ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū me nā whale lawaiʻa maikaʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia i kēlā manawa. He poʻe lawaiʻa lākou i nā kohola liʻiliʻi mua, no ka laʻana ka cetoteriums, a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kēia kumuwaiwai meaʻai. Pahu ʻia nā kai paʻa i kēlā mau holoholona. ʻU pinepine ʻo Megalodon i nā kai ʻoluʻolu a pau loa. Ke kū maikaʻi ke anilā i ka Pliocene, ua “nalo” nā mākeke nui i nā wai nui, a ua nui nā wahi papa i nalo. Ua loli ka palapala honua o nā moana. Pau nā ona. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike nui kēia i nā megalodon ponoʻī, akā ma luna o nā momi liʻiliʻi, ka mea e lilo i kumu nui o ka ʻai. ʻO ke kumu nui i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā megalodons ka helehelena o nā kohola ʻokiʻoki - nā kūpuna o nā kohola pepehi manu o kēia wā, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻohana o ke ola a loaʻa ka ʻā i hoʻonui ʻia. Ma muli o ko lākou nui nui a me ka puhipuhi paena, hiki ʻole i ka megalodons ke ʻauʻau a me ka manu. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili a hiki paha ke hāʻule i loko o ka tonic immobility ma ke ʻano like me nā makika i kēia lā. No laila, hiki i nā kohola pepehi kanaka keʻai maikaʻi i nā ʻōpala ʻōpio, ʻoiai ke hūnā ʻia lākou i nā wai kahakai, a ma o nā ʻimi pū ua hiki iā lākou ke luku aku i nā pākeke. Noho lōʻihi nā megalodon i ka hemolele ʻākau.

ʻO Megalodon ma cryptozoology

Akā, manaʻo kekahi kekahi cryptozoologists hiki i ka megalodon ke ola a hiki i kēia lā. Wahi a lākou i kekahi mau mea ʻike maoli ʻole: mua, ʻike ʻia o nā niho megalodon ʻelua i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka Pakipika e like me ka mea e ʻaʻole i nalowale ʻia e nā ʻīlio hihiu i lilo i mau miliona o nā makahiki i hala, akā ma kahi o 24,000 a me 11,000 mau makahiki o kēlā me kēia, ʻo ia ka "modern" "Mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kikowaena a me ka paleontology. A ʻo ka lua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka Australia ichthyologist ʻo David George Stad, kahi hihia o ka hālāwai ʻana o nā lawaiʻa o ʻAmelika i manaʻo ʻia me kahi ʻano nui o ka nui maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka hilinaʻi ʻia o kēia ʻike ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō nā pūnaewele e pili ana i ka cryptozoology a me nā hanana paranormal. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻike pololei ana ua hala ka megalodon ma kahi o 3 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a me nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻo "5% wale nō o ke kai ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki ke hūnā ʻia ka megalodon" ʻaʻole kū mai i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema.

I ka 2013, hōʻike ka Discovery Channel i kahi papahana kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Megalodon: ʻO ka Monster Shark Is Alive, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kekahi mau hōʻike e ola ana ka megalodon, a ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma ka 70% o ka lehulehu ka poʻe e ʻike ʻia ana ka hiapo prehistoric nui. noho ma ke kai. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohewa koke ʻia kēia hoʻolaha pseudo me nā mea ʻepekema a me nā mākaʻikaʻi no ka maopopo ʻana o ka ʻike āpau i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ia mea he hoʻopunipuni. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā "ʻepekema" āpau i hōʻike ʻia i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo ia nā mea hana maoli uku koʻikoʻi. Ma aneane kēlā me kēia kiʻi a i ʻole wikiō ai kahi megalodon, he Montage wale nō, a me ke ʻano ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi. I ka makahiki 2014, ua kiʻi ʻo Discovery i kahi koikoi, Megalodon: New Evidence, ka mea i lilo i poʻokela poʻokela ʻo Shark of the Week, loaʻa iā 4.8 miliona mau mea ʻike, a laila he papahana hou me ke ʻano like i kapa ʻia ʻo Sharks of Darkness: Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Submarine Fury e i ka huina, ua alakaʻi ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻino ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻike ʻana a me ke kaiāulu ʻepekema.

Kāleka

ʻO ke kiʻi puʻe o kahi megalodon (ʻo ka iʻa cartilaginous maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ʻōpio o nā iwi) i hoʻāla ʻia ma luna o kona mau niho, ka ʻia i ke kai holoʻokoʻa. Ma kahi o nā niho, loaʻa i ka poʻe noiʻi nā vertebrae a me nā kolamu vertebral āpau i mālama ʻia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium (ʻo ka mineral ka mea i kōkua i ka vertebrae e kū pū ai i ke kaumaha o nā puhaka a me ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻoikaika kino).

He hoihoi! Ma mua o ka Koi anatistist a me Geologist ʻo Niels Stensen, ua manaʻo ʻia nā niho o kahi mango i wāwahi ʻia a hiki i kona ʻike ʻana i nā hana stony he niho o ka megalodon. Ua hana kēia i ka kenekulia 17, ma hope o Stensen i kapa ʻia ʻo ka paleontologist mua.

Ua hana hou ʻia ka iwi o ka puhaka (me ʻelima mau lā o nā niho ikaika, ka huina o kona huina he 276), e like me ka paleogenetics, he 2 mika. A laila hoʻokū lākou e pili ana i ke kino o ka megalodon, e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o ka nui, he mea maʻamau no ka wahine, a me ka manaʻo hoʻi o ka pilina pili ʻana o ka monster i ka ʻokeo keʻokeʻo.

ʻO ka huila i hoʻihoʻi ʻia me ka lōʻihi o ka 11.5 m ka like me ke kaʻe o kahi iʻa keʻokeʻo nui, i hoʻonui nui i ka laulā / lōʻihi, a weliweli nā malihini i ka Maryland Maritime Museum (USA). He ʻawihi nui e hālohelohe nui ana i nā ʻōpū manuahi, nui a me nā kiʻi pōkole - e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o nā ichthyologists, "ʻo megalodon ka puaʻa ma kona maka." ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike a weliweli loa.

Ma ke ala, i ko mākou mau lā, ua neʻe aku ka poʻe ʻepekema mai ka tesis e pili ana i ka like ʻana o ka megalodon a me ka karharodon (ʻoka keʻokeʻo) a hōʻike mai i ka ʻoi aku ʻoi aku me ke ʻano nui o ka pū kekahi. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hana megalodon (ma muli o kona nui nui a me nā nīnūnōnika kūikawā) e kūʻokoʻa ana i nā makika hou.

Nā ʻāpana Megalodon

Aia ma ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka nui loa o ka super-predator, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau ʻoihana e hoʻoholo ai i kona nui maoli: e hōʻike ana kekahi e hoʻomaka i ka helu o ka vertebrae, e kaʻi aʻe kekahi i nā kūlike ma waena o ka nui o nā niho a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻIke ʻia nā niho ʻōlima o ka megalodon i nā kihi ʻokoʻa o ka honua, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka pālahalaha nui ʻana o kēia mau māka ma nā kai nui.

He hoihoi! ʻO Carcharodon nā niho like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho o kona mau lālā piha, ikaika, ʻaneʻane he ʻekolu a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka serrated i ke ʻano. ʻAʻohe ʻo Megalodon (like me nā mea pili like ʻole), ʻaʻohe ona mau niho lateral, kahi nalo i nalowale i nā niho.

ʻAi ʻia ʻo Megalodon me nā niho nui loa (hoʻohālikelike i nā koena o nā mea ola a me nā manu piha) i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i ka lōʻihi, a i ʻole ka lōʻihi diagonal, i hiki aku i ka 18-1 cm, a ua ulu ka mamao loa he 10 cm, ʻoiai ke niho o kahi hioke keokeo (ʻano nui o ka honua shark hou) ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 6 cm.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike a me ke aʻo ʻana i ke koena o ka megalodon, ka ʻano o ka vertebrae fossilized a me nā niho he nui, i alakaʻi ʻia i ka manaʻo o kona nui nui. Uaʻike ʻo Ichthyologists e ulu ana ka megalodon makua i ke 15-16 mika me ka nui o ka 47 ʻona. ʻIke ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka hopena.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka iʻa iʻa, nona nā megalodon, ʻaʻole nāʻai lawaiʻa wikiwiki - no kēia nele lākou i ka stamina a me ka loaʻa o ka metabolism koi pono. Holo ka lōʻihi o kā lākou metabolism, a ʻaʻole ikaika ko lākou neʻe: ma ke ala, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka megalodon ʻaʻole me ka keʻokeʻo wale nō, akā me ka ʻike kohola e like me kēia mau kuhikuhi. ʻO kekahi mea haʻahaʻa o ka super-predator ka mea haʻahaʻa o ka cartilage, haʻahaʻa loa i ka ikaika o ka iwi, a noʻonoʻo pū i kā lākou hoʻonui aihue.

ʻAʻole hiki iā Megalodon ke alakaʻi i kahi ola olakino ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi nui o nā ʻōpū mākala o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻiʻo (na ʻōpū) ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i nā iwi, akā, i ka pahu. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻimi nei i ka ʻai, e makemake e noho i loko o ka poʻe akehe, e pale aku ai i ka ʻimi ʻana loa. I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia nā ala 2 e kahi kanaka i pepehi ai i kāna mau mea make. Ua koho ʻo ia i ke ʻano, me ka ʻono ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka hana gastronomic.

He hoihoi! ʻO ke ala mua he mea hipa palupalu, i hoʻopili ʻia ma nā cetaceans liʻiliʻi - ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka megalodon i nā wahi me nā iwi paʻakikī (poʻohiwi, spine luna, ʻāʻī) e uhaʻi iā lākou a hōʻeha a i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ʻike palu.

Loaʻa i ka pupuhi ʻana i nā mea ola nui, nalowale ka mea i make i ka hiki ke neʻe a make mai ka hōʻeha kino i loko. Ua hana ʻo Megalodon i ke ala ʻelua o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma hope ma hope, i ka wā nui o nā cetaceans nui i ʻike ʻia i ka Pliocene. Ua loaʻa i ka Ichthyologists nā nui caudal vertebrae a me nā iwi mai nā pua i pili i nā kohola Pliocene nui, me nā ʻili o nā meemeodon. Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻike i ka hopena o ka nui o ka mea mua i ka nui o ka nui o ka make.

ʻĀnō ke ola

ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o ke ola o ka megalodon ma mua o 30-40 mau makahiki (ʻo ia ka nui o nā holoholona hiʻona e ola). ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waena o kēia iʻa iʻa cartilaginous he mau centenarians hoʻi, no ka laʻana, ka polar shark, kahi mau ʻelele i manaʻo ʻia i hoʻokahi kenekulia. Akā ke noho aku nā pika polar i nā wai anuanu, e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi palena o ke palekana palekana, a ola ka megalodon i nā mea ʻoluʻolu. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i nui loa nā ʻenemi nui loa, akā ʻo ia (e like me ke koena o nā pika) he pale ʻole ʻia e pili ana i nā maʻi parasitoma a me nā maʻi pathogen.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā koena o ka megalodon e ʻike ʻia ana ka nui o kona honua a puni a puni ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā wahi anu. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, ua loaʻa ka megalodon i ka wai mahana a me ka subtropical wai o nā hemispheres ʻelua, kahi i kahe ai ka wai i loko o ke ana + 12 + 27 ° C.

Loaʻa nā niho a me nā vertebrae o ka shark super ma nā wahi like ʻole ma ka honua, e like me:

• ʻAmelika ʻAmelika,
• Keia Hema
• Iāpana a me India
• ʻEulopa,
• Nuhōlani,
• Aotearoa,
• ʻApika.

Loaʻa nā niho o Megalodon i kahi mamao aku i nā kontinola nui - no ka laʻana, ma ka Mariana Trench o ka Pakipika. A ma Venezuela, ua loaʻa nā niho o kahi superpredator i loko o nā wai wai kūmau, kahi e ʻae ai iā mākou e ʻae e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka megalodon i ke ola i nā kino wai (e like me ka bipi wō).

Kahiʻo Megalodone

A hiki i ka iʻa ʻia nā koholā e like me nā koholā i make ʻia, ua make ka heiau, ʻoiai pono nō ia no ka superpredator, noho ʻia ma ka piko o ka palu kai a ʻaʻole ia i kau palena iā ia iho e koho ai i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka nui o nā mea ola e wehewehe ʻia e ka nui o kahi megalodon, kāna mau ʻami nui a me nā niho nui me kahi aniani papa ʻoki. Ma muli o kona nui, hiki i ka megalodon ke kālai ʻia me nā holoholona like ʻole i hiki i kēia mau lā ke lanakila.

He hoihoi! Mai ka nānā ʻana o nā ichthyologists, ʻaʻole i hiki i kahi megalodon me kāna ʻuki pōkole (ʻaʻole e like me kekahi mosasaurus ʻano nui) e hopu paʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka waiwai nui. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo ia ka haehae ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me nā musika nui loa.

Ua kūkulu ʻia ia i nā pupu liʻiliʻi a me nā lau, nā mea a kona mau kino i hoʻopā ʻia ai i ka nui o nā ʻāʻā o nā iwi ikaika a me ke ʻano o nā niho nui, i mālama ʻia ka mea maʻamau o ka megalodon.

ʻO ka ʻai megalodon, me nā peke a me nā ʻōpū moana, i komo pū ʻia:

• kohola kaiʻai
• kohai sperm liʻiliʻi,
• kai kohola
• aponoia a nāopsops,
• meloko (baleen whale),
• piula
• nā dolphins a me nā pinnipeds.

ʻAʻole o Megalodon i kānalua i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea mai ka 2 a 2 ka 7 m ka lōʻihi, no ka laʻana, ka mua o nā kohola primale, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku i ka mea hoʻomake a ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e pakele iā ia. Ma 2008, ua hoʻonohonoho kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi mai USA a me Australia i ka mana o kahi pua megalodon e hoʻohana ana i ka simulasi kamepiula.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka helu helu - ʻo ka megalodon ua kiki i ka mea 9 i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā shark i kēia manawa, a ʻo 3 mau manawa hou aku i ʻike ʻia ma mua o kahi mea i kālai ʻia. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he haʻahaʻa loa ka megalodon e pili ana i ka ikaika hoka loa i kekahi mau mea i pau, e like me ka deinosuch, tyrannosaurus, mosoffaur Hoffmann, sarcosuchus, purusaurus, a me daspletosaurus.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻOiai ke kūlana kūlohelohe o ka superpredator, he nui nā ʻenemi nui ka megalodon (ʻo lākou nō nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai). ʻO nā ʻiliʻohana Ichthyologists e hoʻohalike ai i nā kohola i nā pipi, a i ʻole, ʻo nā kohola sperm e like me zygophysiters a me Melville leviathans, me kekahi mau hiu nui, no ka laʻana, ʻo Carcharocles chubutensis mai i ka moʻokū Carcharocles. ʻO nā kohola Sperm a i ʻole mau makaʻu i nā kohola pepehi kanaka e makaʻu iā nā ʻelemakule super-ʻoki a ua ʻimi pinepine no ka megalodon wai.

Nā kumu o ka pahuhopu

ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe Paleontologists ke kuhikuhi pololei i ke kumu i lilo ai i manaʻo hoʻoholo no ka make o megalodon, a no laila ke ʻōlelo nei lākou i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano (ʻo nā mea e ʻike kiʻekiʻe ana a me ka loli honua.) Ua ʻike ʻia ma ka lā Pliocene, piʻi aʻe ke lalo ma waena o ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema, a me ke Isthmus o Panama ua hoʻokaʻawale i ke kai kūʻai a me ka Moana. Ke loli nei nā loli, hiki ʻole i nā wai mahana ke hoʻopuka i ka nui kūpono o ka wela i ka Arctic, a ua hōʻoluʻolu maoli ka ʻōpū ʻākau.

ʻO kēia ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻopili i ke ola o ka megalodons, ka mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā wai mahana. Ma ka Pliocene, hele mai nā kohola nui i kahi o nā kohola liʻiliʻi, makemake i ka ʻona ʻākau i ke anuanu. Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā kānaka kohola e neʻe ana, ʻauʻau i loko o nā wai anuanu i ke kauwela, a ua lilo ka megalodon i kāna mea meola.

Nui! Ma ka waenakonu o ka Pliocene, ʻaʻohe hala o ka makahiki i hiki i nā mea nui, hoʻomaka ka ʻai me ka pōloli, a he mea hoʻi ka mea i ulu ai ka cannibalism, kahi i ulu ai ka ulu o ka ʻōpio. ʻO ke kumu ʻelua no ka make ʻana o ka megalodon ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kūpuna o nā kohola pepehi ʻenekina, nā kohola i hōʻili ʻia, i hāʻawi ʻia me ka puʻu i hoʻonui ʻia a alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kolamu.

Ma muli o ko lākou ikaika nui a hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻonaninohi, ua nalowale nā ​​megalodons i nā iʻa heoted e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o kaʻauʻau a me ka manu. Ua hōʻemi ʻia ʻo Megalodon ma nā kūlana ʻē aʻe - ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pale aku i kāna mau kāpili, a hāʻule pū kekahi i kekahi immobility (e like me ka hē nui o nā hiaka). ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka ʻaihue luku nui nei i nā ʻōpio nui (ua hūnā i nā wai kahakai) a hui pū lākou, a make lākou Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei nā megalodons hope loa i noho ma ka hemisela hema.

Ua ola anei Megalodon?

ʻO kekahi mau cryptozoologist e maopopo ana i hiki i ka lele shark ke ola i kēia lā. I loko o kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou mai ka tesis kaulana loa: he ʻano ʻano he ʻano ʻano makehe ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hōʻailona o kona noho ma ka honua no nā makahiki he 400 mau makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. Akā pehea pehea i kēia hihia i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea i ʻike ʻia e nā paleontologists a me ichthyologists? ʻO nā niho "hou" o ka megalodons i loaʻa ma ka Moana Baltic a ʻaʻole mamao i Tahiti ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia he "keiki" keiki - ka makahiki o nā niho i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e hoʻomāeʻa piha ai he 11 tausani mau makahiki.

Eia kekahi mea pīhoihoi i hala mua loa i ka makahiki 1954 he 17 mau niho koʻikoʻi i paʻa i ka ʻili o ka moku ʻo Australian Australia ʻo Rachel Cohen a ʻike ʻia i ka wā i niki ʻia nā kinipiki mai lalo. Kili ʻia ka niho me ka hāʻawi i kahi kānāwai i pili lākou i ka megalodon.

He hoihoi! Kuhi ka ʻikepili i ka precedent ʻo "Rachelle Cohen" kahi hoax. ʻAʻole ʻuhuhi ka poʻe ʻenemi e hana hou i ka paʻa ʻana o ka Honua o ka Honua e ka 510%, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale loa i ke ʻano o ka megalodon.

Hoʻopau i nā ʻatikala o ka megalodon o kēia mau mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā manaʻo hao hao e hōʻike ana i ka huna ʻia o ka ʻohana shark. No laila, ua loaʻa wale ka honua e pili ana i ka iho kohola i ka makahiki 1828, a i ka makahiki 1897 ua ulu wale ka hale iho mai nā hohonu mai o nā moana.

Aia i ka makahiki 1976 ua kamaʻāina ka poʻe i nā poʻe i ka wai hohonu, nā heihei nui, i ka wā i paʻa ai kekahi o lākou i ke kaulahao hele i waiho ʻia e kahi ʻimi noiʻi e kokoke ana. Oahu (Hawaii). Mai ia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā puhā nunui i ʻike ʻia ma mua o 30 mau manawa (ʻo ka maʻamau i ke ʻano o ke kalaka ma ke kahakai). ʻAʻole paha i hiki kahi mana ma kahi o nā moana. Aʻo ka megalodon ponoʻī, kahi i hoʻonohonoho pono i ka wai hohonu, ʻaʻole ia e hele kokoke i ke kapakai (no ka nui o kona nui).

E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:

ʻO nā hoa paio mau loa o ka iʻa, ka sperm whale, ua hana iā lākou i ke ʻano o ka nui o ka pahu wai a me ka maikaʻi, ka pā ʻana o 3 mau ʻāpana a me ka wā e kahe ana i ka wai. Loaʻa iā Megalodon kekahi (a i ʻole?) Kahi pono o ka physiology e hiki ʻole ke hoʻowahāwahā - ua loaʻa nā kime i hāʻawi ka oxygen i ke kino. ʻAʻohe kumu maikaʻi loa o Megalodon e ʻike i kona hele ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea e manaʻolana ana e lohe ʻia nā kānaka e pili ana iā ia.