ʻO ka poli bear ka mea nui i ka honua. Nā kāna mea kaumaha hiki aku i 1 ton, a ʻo 3 m ka lōʻihi o ke kino 3 m. Mea kiʻekiʻe kau mai ka wī i ke aniani a hiki ka 1.5 m. ʻO ka hapa pinepine o ke kāne he 400-500 kg, ʻo 2-2,5 m lōʻihi ka nui o nā kāne i ka nui o nā kāne i ka nui, ke kaupaona ʻana he 200-300 kg, lōʻihi 1.8-2 m.
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōpū poloka i kona mau hoahānau kaila kino, ʻahuʻula o ka lole a me ka ʻili. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo o kahi poli ma mua o nā koena o ka poʻe kaulike, me kahi poʻo ākea a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻalo ma nā luna. E keʻokeʻo ka huluhulu me ka nānā ʻole pigment. ʻIliʻī ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ^ E Ha yM. I ka moʻoʻana o nā wāwae he mau lauoho lōʻihi a me nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o ka manuʻu he mau membranes.
Ke kōkua nei kēia kino kino i ka polar bear i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka Antarctic. ʻO ka māno hoʻonaninani o ke kao polā, i piha ʻia i ʻelua mau kihi lauoho o ka lauoho, e pale iā ia me ka manu ʻole. Hoʻopili i kahi o ka huluhulu, i ʻole e ʻike i ke anuanu, loaʻa iā lākou kahi layer subcutaneous koʻikoʻi o ka momona a hiki i ka 13 cm. ʻO nā wool a me nā kumulāʻau i luna o ka wāwae e ʻae e kahe ʻana i ka hau, a me nā membran ma waena o nā manamana lima e kōkua i kaʻauʻau.
Kūleʻa maikaʻi ka bear polar ka manaʻo ʻana o ke ʻono, ʻike a me ka lohe ʻana. ^ E Ha yM. Me kona ihu, hiki ke honi i ka waiwai ma kahi mamao o 32 km. Ma muli o kona ʻike maka, ʻike ʻia ka wana polar i kahi hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha i ka lewa ma kahi mamao o 1 km, a hiki i ka lohe ke lohe iā ʻoe i kekahi neʻe i lalo o kahi ʻāpana o ka hau. Mālama kēia mau pono āpau i kahi lawaiʻa maikaʻi. No ka hopu ʻana i nā mea hopu, hiki i nā bears ke uhi i nā ākea nui e ka ʻauʻau.
Ke noho maʻamau me nā moʻi poli ʻoi aku lākou. I ke kauwela ua hele lākou i kahi o ke pou, a i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻi lākou i ka hema i ka ʻāina. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻoilo, polar bears hibernate. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻaʻole lōʻihi. ʻO ka hapanui ʻo nā wahine hāpai. ʻO nā kāneʻoi aku a me nā wahine hānau ʻole, inā hānau lākou, a laila no kahi manawa pōkole. ʻO ke kāʻei ʻeke e moe ana i nā lua. No ka hānau ʻana, ua koho nā wahine hāpai i ka mokupuni ʻo Franz Josef Land a me ka Wrangel Island.
Nā iho progeny hanau ka wahine i loko o ka lua ke mālama ai ka mahana i 0 ° С. ʻO ka paona o ka beared keiki pēpē hou ma ka awelika 500-600 kākeleke, akā ma ka 2 mau mahina ua loaʻa kona paona he 10 kg.
ʻOiai ʻo ka polar bear ka mea nui loa ma ka Honua, no ka poʻe aloha, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kona helehelena a pau i ka hoʻopau ʻia. No laila, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka bula polar ma Puke ʻula a ua pale ʻia hoʻi. I loko o nā polar bear he nui i pāpā ʻia, ʻoki ʻia ka lawaiʻa e ke kānāwai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
No ka holoholona nō ia o ka nui o nā momi nunui, a hoʻohua i ka nui ma nā unearthly e hoʻonui wale nei i nā elepani a me nā giraffes, a me nā kohola i ka hohonu o ke kai.
Mai ke ʻano o nā mea i kau ʻia, ka mea a ka polar e pili ai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka sila o ka elepani elepani, ma nā hanana kūikawā i hiki ke lōʻihi a hiki i ʻekolu mita a me ke kaumaha o ke kino e piʻi ana i hoʻokahi ton. Loaʻa nā ʻōkela poli nui i loaʻa i ke Kai Bering, a me nā mea ʻuʻuku ma Svalbard.
Hapaa piko polar i ke kiʻi , e like me nā hoahānau ona o nā ʻūʻaka, ʻokoʻa wale nō ma ke ʻano ākea o ka ʻūhā a me ka ʻāʻī elongated. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo o ka huluhulu ke keʻokeʻo loa, i kekahi manawa me ke kaʻe melemele, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka lā i ke kauwela, e huli ka lauoho o ka holoholona. ʻEleʻele ka ihu a me nā lehelehe, e like me ka ʻula o ka ʻili.
Noho ke aloha polar ma nā wahi polona mai nā wao Arctic a hiki i ke tundra i ka ʻākau ʻākau. He mau hoahānau lākou o nā bea enaena, mai kahi lākou i kū ai ma kahi o 600,000 mau makahiki i hala.
E moe ana ke kahu polar
ʻO nā bea polili Gigantic, ʻoi loa ka nui o ka nui, ua loaʻa i mua. Hōʻike ka pola polar i kona ʻano kuʻuna nei ma muli o ke kāʻili ʻana i ko lākou poʻe kūpuna me nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i 100,000 mau makahiki i hala.He holoholona mālama nui ka holoholona i mālama ʻia, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi manawa makemake a kōkua iā ia e ola i ka hoʻoilo ikaika o ka Arctic.
Hāʻawi ka lōʻihi o ka huluhulu lōʻihi a me ka hulu o ka polar e makaʻu ʻole i nā kuhi ikaika a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hāʻalo ʻia kona lauoho a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ea i loko. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā wāwae i ka ʻili hipa, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hau, kahi a nā holoholona i ʻauʻau i ka wai anuanu o ke ʻākau.
Nā makuahine a me kā Teddy bear bask i ka lā
Huli ka bear e hilahila i kahi papa leʻaleʻa, e lele ana mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona poʻo i lalo. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe o ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia hola he ʻelima mau mile, akā i ka manawa o ka lawaiʻa e neʻe wikiwiki a wikiwiki, e nānā ana i luna.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona, ʻaʻole ia he makaʻu i nā kānaka. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā poʻe i ka hālāwai ʻana me kēlā mau kanaka ʻōpiopio nui i ka hihiu. Nui nā hihia o nā polar bear i ka hopena o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā poʻe noho o nā wahi noho kolo.
Inā aia paha ke hālāwai me kēia mau holoholona, pono ʻoe e neʻe me ka nui akaʻala. Ma Kanada, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hale paʻahao no nā bea polar, kahi e halihali ʻia ai lākou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea kūʻokoʻa e pili pono ana a paʻa i kahi pōʻino i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale. Polar bearholoholona ʻoluʻolu, akā, na nā holoholona no ko lākou ʻohana aloha a maluhia.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pinepine ma waena o nā hakakā he mau kalepa nui i ka wā hana. Aia kekahi mau hihia kahi e ʻai ai ka pākeke i nā cub. Arctic holoholona polar bear ola e pili ana i ka hau kai. He punahele ʻo ia no nā huakaʻi hele a kokoke loa.
A neʻe wale nō ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina wale nō, akā e ʻauʻau ana me ka leʻaleʻa ma ka hau hau, e holo ana mai loko mai o lākou i ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole e makaʻu ʻole iā ia mai ka haʻahaʻa ʻana, kahi e neʻe wale ai ʻo ia mai ka hau a ka wai. He lawaiʻa nui nā holoholona a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Me nā piʻo koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka bea ke ʻili i ka hau me ka lewa, e ʻānai ana i kahi lua ʻoluʻolu a me ka mahana.
I ka hoʻoilo, he nui nā hiamoe o nā holoholona, akā ʻaʻole e mare i ka wā. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā bears polar i nā Zoos. Ke mālama nei ia i nā ʻāina me kahi mahana wela i ka leʻaleʻa, ua kū ka ʻaka o ka holoholona i ka uliuli mai ka microscopic algae e hoʻomaka ana i loko.
ʻO nā lawehala polar he lawaiʻa nui
He ola nā pola polike i ka pa pahu o Novosibirsk pūnaewele hiki ke nānā ʻia ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā zo nui a kaulana loa a Lūkia, aia nā ʻano o nā holoholona luhua.
Kihili ka halihali polar ma muli o ka lohi hou ʻana, ʻo ka pana e nā poachers a me ka make o nā holoholona ʻōpio. Akā i kēia lā e ulu wikiwiki ana ko lākou heluna kanaka. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā holoholona, no nā kumu i hōʻike ʻia, ma ka Red Red Book.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka polar bear ka ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona o ka tundra, a me nā poʻe noho o nā kai anu, e like me ka walrus, sila hōʻailona, nā leʻe a me ke sila i lilo ai iā ia. I ka huli ʻana i ka mea pio, kū ka holoholona a sniffs i ka lewa. A no ka hiki iā ia ke honi i nā hōʻailona ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi kilomita, e lana malū ana iā ia mai ka ʻaoʻao e kū mua i ka neʻe ʻana o ka makani, i ʻike ʻole ai ka mea ʻupena i ka ʻenemi e kokoke mai ana e ka honi.
Holoi ka polar bear iʻa no ka iʻa
Hoʻomau pinepine ka hoʻouka ʻana ma nā puʻu hau, Aia kahi me nā bea polarpeʻe lākou i nā pahola, kali lākou i ka lōʻihi ma kahi o nā lua. ʻO kā lākou keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka mea e ʻike ai nā holoholona i waena o ka hau a me ka hau, ua hāʻawi nui i ka kūleʻa. I ka manawa like, pani ka bear i kona ihu, ʻo ka mea e kū ana i ka ʻeleʻele ma kahi kukui kukui.
Ke nānā aku nei ka mea i waho o ka wai, me kahi paʻi ikaika me nā ʻīwī make nui, lele ke holoholona i ka waiwai a ʻuʻi iā ia i ka hau. Piʻi pinepine kahi polar i ka rookery o nā sila ma kona ʻōpū. A hoʻoluhi paha i ka wai kai, mai ka lalo e huli ai i ka papaʻa hau, me kahi hōʻailona e kau ana ma luna, a hoʻopau iā ia.
Kekahi mau manawa e kali ana i ka hau a me ka mālie, ke hūlū me ka malū o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, i pili i nā kīwaha ikaika.Me ka walrus, kahi ʻenemi ikaika loa ia, komo ka polar i ke kaua ʻana ma ka ʻāina, hoʻoheheʻe kona ʻili a hoʻopau i ka ʻula a me ka ʻili, e waiho maʻamau ana i ke koena o kona kino i kekahi holoholona.
ʻO ke kauwela ua makemake ʻo ia e ʻimi no kaʻe wai. I nā wā nele o nā meaʻai kūpono, hiki ke ʻai i ka iʻa a me ka make, ʻai manu, algae a me nā lau, nā hua manu.
E pili ana i ka bear polar ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia nā holoholona liki i ka home o ka poʻe e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Ua loaʻa nā hihia ma ka hao ʻana i nā ʻoihana polar, nā aihue o ka meaʻai i loko o nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā ʻahaʻaina i nā ʻōpala huna.
'O nā kui o ka bear a hiki i ka holoholona ke wehe koke i nā puka o lākou. Hōʻona maikaʻi loa nā holoholona a mālama lākou i nā lako meaʻai, inā ka momona, no ka manawa paʻakikī.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka nui o kēia bea ma mua o ka liona a me ka tiger. Aia ma hea kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā wale ʻia no kā mākou holoholona polū Lūkini! ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma 3 mika. ʻOiai i pinepine mau pinepine 2-2.5 m. A polū o ka bear polar aneane hapa hapalua. Kaumaha makua ke kaupaona ana 450-500 kg Ua liʻiliʻi nā wahine. Kau paona mai 200 a 300 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 1,3 a 1.5 m.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi holoholona loea e hele pinepine i ka 1.4 m.o ka ikaika nui o ka holoholona i pili i kēia mau helu. Hōʻike pinepine nā hiʻohiʻona i ka wa e hali koke ana ka bea i kahi mea nui, kahi mea paʻa, a i ʻole ka walrus.
ʻOi aku ka pīhoihoi o ka dexterity kupaianaha o kēia holoholona hihiu, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo, hāʻawi i kona paona. ʻOkoʻa kona helehelena me nā bean ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, ke keʻokeʻo loa ia. Ma kahi kūlike kona lauoho, mai ke keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka melemele. I ka hoʻoilo, ua māmā ia i ke kauwela, i ke kauwela ka mea e kua melemele ma lalo o ka lā.
Hōʻike polar i ke kiʻi E hoʻohuli hou aku i kahi kū aʻe o ke ʻano o nā kikowaena ʻōiwi maoli. Aia kona helehelena aneane e hui pū me nā mikmock aisa, kū ihukū ʻeleʻele a me nā maka he kū i ke kūlana maʻamau. E maopopo ia i ka maikai o ke ano maoli o keia holoholona.
ʻAʻole ia e like me kahi waʻa maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ona kino, akā he "hoʻolulima." He lei lōʻihi, he poʻo ākea, he ihu lōʻihi a paʻakikī. Aia kekahi hōʻike ʻana hiki iā ia ke honi i ka ʻōpio i ka mea ʻokiʻoki ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana ʻehā hoʻokahi ka umu.
Ua mālama maikaʻi ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o kona "lole", no ke ʻano haki. He mānoanoa a koʻikoʻi kona kapa, a he waiwai maikaʻi ʻo ia. Hoka nā lauoho, waiho ʻia i nā hihi o ka lā.
Aʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kino ma lalo o ke kapa, a hoʻomoʻo ia i ka maikaʻi, e hoʻomau ana i ka wela. ʻO nā wāwae o ka mea wailua he ikaika loa, e pau ana me nā wāwae nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻalāʻau wāwae i ka huluhulu i ʻole e hoʻopalulu ʻia a puni ka poʻe, ʻaʻole a kaʻawale.
Aia nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, ke kōkua iā ia e ʻauʻau. Ua uhi ʻia ka mua o ka wāwae i nā bristles paʻakikī. Hūnā ʻia nā ʻōpū nunui ma lalo o ia, kahi e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hopu a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiwai a hiki i kou hiki ʻana me kou mau niho.
Maʻa nui nā kui āpau, hoʻomōhala ʻia, aia ma luna o 42 mau niho. Heʻu liʻiliʻi ka hiku o ka bei polū, mai 7 a 13 cm ka hana ʻia i lalo o ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ke kua o ka kua.
Hoʻohālikelike ka holoholona e ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka dexterity. ʻO kahi pilina pili i ka bear brown, kahi mamao loa ia. Hiki koke ke holo wikiwiki ʻole a lele i ka 6 km ma ka ʻāina, e wikiwiki ana i ka 40 km / h, ma mua o ke ahonui ʻana, e hoʻomanawanui i ka mea i holo mai. Pulu ʻo ia i ke koho pololei, koho pololei i ke manawa kūpono, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plū lepo o ka lepo, i hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka pīhoihoi a me ka wikiwiki.
Pale ʻo ia a hoʻohemo maikaʻi. Hiki i ke kau mokulele ma kahi ākea kūpono loa, ma ka wikiwiki a hiki i 7 km / h. ʻO ka poʻe Mariners, e hele ana ma ke kai ʻākau, ua hālāwai pinepine me nā waʻa polar eʻauʻau ana i ke kai ākea e mamao loa mai ke kapakai.
Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau ʻano koa wiwo ʻole o ka polar master a me ka weliweli weliweli, a lilo nō ia i maopopo no ke kumu o ka ʻūlima ʻākau e hopohopo nei ka ola a pau i kēia lawenaʻa. ʻO walrus wale nō, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lila lōʻihi, ke komo i ke kaua me ka bea ʻākau. A ʻo ke kanaka e ʻohi ana i nā pū, kāhea aku hoʻi i ka holoholona.ʻOiai, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu o ka nalo catastrophic o kahi holoholona weliweli.
ʻIke mākou i nā hoahānau pili pili loa o ka polar bear i ka bear brown, kahi bear grizzly, he bear Malay, he baribal (black bear), a Himalayan bear a me kahi panda. ʻAʻohe mau ʻano āpau nei, piʻi maikaʻi, ʻauʻau, holo wikiwiki ke kū a hiki ke kū a hele no ka wā wāwae ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae hind.
He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lole, nā ʻeke pokole a me nā ʻono maikaʻi loa. He ihu pilikino ka ihu no lākou. Hoʻokahi kūloko ʻo ke poʻo i ka ihu e alakaʻi mau ai i ka mea kuhi i waho o ka rut.
ʻO Brown bear ka mea i kaulana kaulana o kēia hui. E māhele ʻia ma luna o kahi wahi ākea loa o Eurasia - mai Sepania a Kamchatka, mai Lapland a i ka mauna Atlas.
Aia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mai ke ʻano maʻamau (ʻulaʻula, roanā - Syrian), akā hewa lākou. Mālama ʻia kona ʻano maʻamau i loko o kona noho maʻamau: nui (a hiki i ka 2 m ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona a hiki i 300 kg), kaumaha, clubfoot. He pālahalaha ka kapa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, a nui ke poʻo.
He kino weliweli ka bear, akā naʻe ʻaʻole nā mea weliweli. Kuhi ʻia ke ʻano o kēia holoholona hihiu i ke aloha o ka maluhia a me ka phlegmatism. Noho ke kala a hina paha i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Kāhea lākou iā ia grizzly. Ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o kāna kīpē brown, hiki i ka 2.5 m, ʻoi ka nui (hiki i 400 kg) a ikaika ʻole ma mua o kēlā.
ʻO kona kino lōʻihi me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele poʻo, kahi poʻo ākea a me nā wāwae ʻē aʻe i paʻa me nā kīwaha ikaika a hiki i 12 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻike koke ʻia ʻO kēia mea wānana, ʻaʻole e like me ka mea mua, he koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻopunipuni.
E hele ana nā moʻolelo weliweli i kāna ʻano. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole ia e puka, hōʻeha iā ia a ʻaʻole paha. Ua lawa ia e ʻike i ke kanaka e puki iā ia. He paʻakikī loa ka hūnā iā ia; holo koke ʻo ia a ʻauʻau maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā kānaka ʻAmorika e hōʻike aku i kahi o ka ikaika i kēlā me kēia ʻenemi ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kanaka. ʻO ka mea nāna ia i pepehi iā ia a hana i ka lei o nā iwi a me nā niho o kahi ulu ʻulaʻula, ua mahalo nui ʻo ia i ka hanohano o ka ʻohana.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia hoahānau, ʻo kekahi ʻānela ʻAmelika he baribal, a he bea uliuli paha. He helehelena hapa āna iā ia, he liʻiliʻi iki ia ma mua o kahi grizzly, he mau wāwae pōkole a he huluhulu lōʻihi hoʻi o ke kala ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea i kapa no ka ʻūlū asia Himaia. ʻO ka poʻe Iapana e kapa iā ia ʻo Kuma, nā ʻianslio - Balu lāua ʻo Zonar. Ua lohi loa kona kino ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona mau hoahānau, ua kau ʻia kona poʻo, ke poʻo a me ka ihu he laina pololei.
Pono nā pepeiao, a pōkole, ua pōkole nā wāwae, pōkole hoʻi nā kui, ʻoiai he ikaika. ʻO ka hulu ʻeleʻele ke kala i ke kala, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma. Kāleka a hiki i 1,8 m, a ʻo nā mea āpau e pili ana 110-115 kg. Ua like ia me kahi brown i kona ala o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku.
Aia ka be nui ʻōlima Malay, a i ʻole ʻo Biruang, ma Indochina a me ka Mokupuni o Hawaiʻi. He lōʻihi a lōʻihi, he poʻo nui kona poʻo me ka puʻupuʻu ākea, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka pokole.
Hoʻopau nā wāwae maikaʻi loa me nā puʻuwai ikaika. ʻEleʻele ka lole, me nā kukui ʻulaʻula māmā ma ka muzzle a me ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe, e lōʻihi a hiki i 1.5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe a 70 kg. ʻO ka launa punahele ka lāʻau kanu niu.
A ʻo ka hopena hope loa, ʻo kahi panda ka bild. ʻOiai makemake kekahi e hoʻonoho iā ia i waena o nā raccoons. Noho ana ma Kina. ʻEleʻele ka keʻokeʻo a me ke keʻokeʻo, nā kelepa ākea kaulana a puni nā maka. ʻEleʻele a me nā wāwae. Hiki iā ia ke hiki i 1,5 m ke lōʻihi, a kaupaona ʻo ia i 150 kg. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. He hōʻailona ia o Kina.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Noho ka poli ma nā ʻāpana polana o ka ʻākau ʻākau o ka Honua. He kamaʻāina ʻo ia o nā kuʻuna ʻākau. Ma Lūkia, hiki ke ʻike i ke kahakai ʻo Arctic o Chukotka, i ka mokupuni o Chukchi a me Bering Seas.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Chukchi i kona manawa ka mea nui loa ma ka honua. Wahi a nā noiʻi, ua noho ka nui o nā ʻelele nui ma ke kai Barents, ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Spitsbergen.Ke hoʻomaka nei i nā nīnau hiki, haʻi ʻia iā mākou e loaʻa i ka bear polar ma Antarctica. ʻO kona ʻāina hānai i ka ʻAropa.
Noho ka ʻona ʻākau i nā wahi i kokoke i ka wai. Hiki i ka ʻauʻau ke hele malū a kūpaʻa moana. Hana ia nā neʻe i ka manawa me ka loli i ka palena o ka hau polar: i ke kauwela ua haʻalele ia me lākou a kokoke i ka pou, i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. No ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi ʻāina.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau ke hele i nā wahine i ka wā hānau, ʻoiai e kali ana no ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs. I loko o kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e neʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hōʻino i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila ʻo ka pua. Aiaʻo 80-90 lā. ʻAno male a me nā wahine ʻē ʻole e manaʻo nei i ka huaʻi kekahi i nā manawa hānau wale nō, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi a ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka bear ka lawena lawaiʻa maikaʻi, a ʻo ke kapa mānoʻo hoʻi maikaʻi ke pale aku iā ia mai ka wai anuanu. Hoʻokomo pū kahi lau mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous i ke pale ʻana i ka anuanu. Ua hūwū ʻo ka holoholona i ka hau a me ka hau, maʻa mau i ka lewa no kekahi mau kilomita, aneane hiki ʻole ke pakele a makana paha.
Hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe hele polu i ka wā me ka tales o ka holoholona hihiu. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole e kānalua i ka komo ʻana i nā moku i paʻa i ka hau i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Hoʻokomo lākou i ka hui holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻōpana, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa i nā poʻe holo moku. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia aku i nā kau hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, luku i ka hale o nā poʻe holo kipa, haki ka hale, hoʻāʻo e wāwahi i loko.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka moʻolelo o ka mea hoʻokolokolo polar i ka hoʻohua ʻana o kēia holoholona. ʻOiai me ka mea kaua, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻoho nui i ka leo e hoʻoweliweli i ka holoholona a kau iā ia. Ua aʻo ʻia ke kū malu o ka hau e makaʻu i nā walaʻi nui.
Holo ka holoholona hihiu lele. Ua hūnā ʻo ia i loko o ka hau e ho'ōla. Eia naʻe, inā hoʻoholo kekahi e kūʻē i nā ʻāpana a komo i ka lua o ka holoholona, e lilo ia i hoa koʻikoʻi. A laila ʻaʻole e kāpae kekahi i kahi pū kī.
He naʻauao a me ke kaumaha ʻole, akā ʻaʻole palupalu. ʻLelo lākou, ua hāʻule i ka lā keʻokeʻo, holo ka poʻe. A laila hoʻomaka ka mea predator e alualu iā lākou. I ke ala, hoʻolei lākou i kā lākou mau mea - nā pāpale, nā lei, nā lāʻau, kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua kāpae ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia manawa a maʻa pinepine i ka loaʻa, e nānā ana i kēlā me kēia mea i ka nānā aku. ʻAʻole ia i akaka ke nānā ʻana o ka bea i nā kānaka, a i ʻole makemake ʻia paha i kā lākou mea maʻamau. Ma ke hopena, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ke kaumaha o ka mea nāna i kū mai nā kānaka e pakele mai ia mea.
ʻO ka maʻamau, noho wale nā bears, me ka ʻole e hana i nā pūʻulu ʻohana nui. ʻOiai i loko o kahi hōʻuluʻulu paʻa ma waena o lākou i kahi hierarchy a me ka hoʻopaʻi paʻa. ʻO ka mea nui ka mea nui i ka manawa. ʻOiai ua kūpaʻa loa lākou kekahi i kekahi. No nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō, hiki i nā bea pākeke ke lilo i pōʻino.
Kuhi ʻia i ko lākou wā ʻōpio, hiki i nā bea polar ke noho me ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā poʻe. Pono lākou i ka ʻauʻau kau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻoilo. E pili ana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi ka pilikia me lākou, no ka mea ua ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau - ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa, a me ka meli. Me nā bea lawe pio, he nani maikaʻi ʻole lākou. I ka ʻelemakule lilo lākou i mea huhū. ʻIke ʻia nā kihi ua ola lākou i 25-30 mau makahiki a hoʻonui ʻia.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻokoʻa loa nā bea i nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui a me ke kaupaona. Loaʻa i nā holoholona hānau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki i ka wahine ke lilo i hapai i ka makahiki ʻehā, e hana ana i hoʻokahi wale nō, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻekolu mau mania, a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ʻumikumamālima i ke ola. ʻO ka bear i ka wela e hahai pinepine ʻia e nā mea hoahana bear.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Teddy bear i ka hoʻoilo, ma kahi lua i ʻoka ʻia e ko lākou makuahine ma nā ʻīlio kahakai. ʻO ka hulu a me ke kapa pale pale e pale iā lākou mai ke anuanu. Ke hoʻākāka nei iā lākou iho he mau ʻoliva ʻole maikaʻi ʻole, e hānai lākou i ka waiū makuahine, a kīwī iā ia i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻana. A hiki mai ka pūnāwai, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou malu i ka ʻike i ka honua.
Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻolei i ka pilina me kona makuahine, e hahai iā ia ma nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, e aʻo ana e ʻimi a me ke akamai o ke ola. A lilo i kūʻokoʻa ka poʻe iʻa, mālama ka pale iā lākou mai ka ʻenemi a me ka pōʻino. ʻAʻole ʻike ka makua kāne i kā kā lākou keiki pono'ī, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO ka huaʻili o kahi aniani a me nā polar bear ke kapa ʻia nā kimezzlies polar, kahi loaʻa pinepine nā mea maoli, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā zoos. I ka hale maʻamau, ola nā bea polar i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau makahiki. A i ke pio ʻana, me ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me ka mālama ʻana, ola lākou e lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ke aloha polar i ka hau o ka circumpolar Arctic. Aia ma kahi o 20 mau heluna kanaka i aneane ʻaʻole e hui pū me kekahi a me kā like i ka helu - mai 200 a hiki i kekahi mau tausani hoʻokahi. ʻO ka nui o ka honua holoʻokoʻa e like me 22-27 mau holoholona.
ʻO ke noho mau o nā behe polar ka hau kai a nā moana ma nā mokupuni, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o kā lākou mea i loaʻa nui - ka hōʻailona kūmole - kiʻekiʻe loa. Noho kekahi o nā poʻe i waena o ka waiʻala o ka makahiki o ka hua i loko o ka moku waena o Arctic. Mai ke kūkulu hema, ua palena ʻia kā lākou māhele e ke palena hema o ka uhi ʻana o ka wai i loko o ke kai ʻo Bering and Barents a ma ke Labrador Strait. Ma nā wahi kahi i piha piha ai ka hau i ka kauwela (Hudson Bay a me ka hikina hema o Baffin Island), noho nā holoholona i mau mahina ma kahakai, e hoʻopau ana i kā lākou momona momona a hiki ʻole ka wai ʻole o ka wai.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi o kahi bear polar
ʻO ka polar bear ka lālā nui o ka ʻohana bear. Ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ua wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo ia ma 1774 e C. Phipps, i loaʻa i ka inoa Latin Ursus maritimus, ʻo ia ke ʻano o "bear bear".
Holo ka beo polar mai brown mai i ka wā i hala o ka Pleistocene ma hope, ua loaʻa ka mea kahiko loa he 100 tausani mau makahiki ma ka Royal Botanic Garden o Ladana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne he 2-2.5 m, ʻo nā wahine he 1.8-2 m, ʻo nā kāne ke kaupaonaʻo 400-600 kg (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe hānai i kaupaona ʻia he paona), ʻo nā wahine 200-350 kg.
I ke kiʻi, aia ka poli bear mai kahi hau hau. ʻOiai ke kino nui loa, he mau mea ʻoi loa kēia mau holoholona. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke holo no nā hola he nui, a ma ka ʻāina hiki iā lākou ke uhi ʻia a hiki i 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka manawa pinepine kēia mea.
Pili nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā i nā kūlana ola i nā climates paʻakikī. He kino keʻokeʻo ke kino o ka mea polar, ʻaʻohe mea i hānai ʻia, ʻano ponoʻī o nā ʻili brown. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo o ke pola me ka lae a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao o ka holoholona, hoʻopuni.
Ma muli o ke kaahu maloʻo a me kahi papa māno o ka momona, makemake nui nā mea hoʻolaha polar i ka mahana o -50 ° C. Ma ke ʻano, he keʻokeʻo kā lākou hulu, e lilo i ʻano hoʻowahāwahā maikaʻi no ka holoholona. Eia naʻe, loaʻa ka pinepine i ka hulu melemele ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka momona o ka momona male, keu no ke kauwela. ʻO ka mahalo, me kahi kapa keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka holoholona. Kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona e lilo i mea hōʻiliʻili maoli o ka ikehu o ka lā no nā holoholona, ʻike ʻia i loko o kahi lako pōkole nui i ko lākou mau noho.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka poli waho a me nā bea poloka, he mau hoahānau pili paha lākou a hiki i ka hoʻopio ke hoʻopiʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kahi pahū o kēia keahi grolar a pizzley.
Hoʻolāleʻa i ke ola polar
Kahi wale ka neʻe ʻana o nā bea polu, ka noho ʻana i nā pālua wale nō i ka manawa hānai. ʻO nā hihia o kā lākou hōʻiliʻili ʻana, i kekahi manawa he nui o nā kānaka he nui, i nā wahi kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka ʻai, ke ʻoka nui nei. Ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o nā hui o nā kao polarena i kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻai nui, no ka laʻana, kahi make kohola make. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā kaua hoʻomana a i nā pāʻani, akā ʻaʻole poina nā holoholona i pili i kona kūlana hierarchical.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi nohona nomadic ola, me ka manawa ʻole i pau i ka manawa i loko o nā lair.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā Dens e nā wahine no ka hānau hānau a me ka hānai ʻana i nā cubs. He malu no kēia no ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, akā hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nā holoholona a ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai nā laire.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā keʻena o nā wahine hoʻouluulu i nā ʻohana a i ʻole kekahi manawa. I ka lālani hua ʻōpiopio. ʻO ko lākou nohoʻana i nā mau lua he awelika o 6 mau mahina. Kuhi ka denana i nā wahine hānai no nā manawa pōkole - mai ka lā 1 a hiki i 2-3 mau hebedoma, a i nā hihia neʻe a hiki i ka 1 mahina a keu paha.
Hoʻokomo ʻia o hoʻokahi keʻena kikowaena a i ʻole nā keʻena. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lumi lumi mai ka 100 mai 500 a 500 cm, ākea - mai 70 a 400 cm, kiʻekiʻe - mai 30 a 190 cm, ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka corridor mai ka 15 a 820 cm.ʻO ka inlet e ʻike pinepine ʻole mai ka lōʻihi o nā mika.
He ʻokoʻa na kaila no ke kuʻuna i nā mea laulaha ma o ka manaʻo. ʻO ka maʻa mau nō lākou he ʻano maʻalahi maʻalahi: me kahi keʻena a me kahi pōkole (a hiki i 1.5-2 m) corridor, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, me ka "hou" pālou a me kahi pā, me ka papahele icy.
ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike, nā lua a me nā paepae me ke kā ʻole a me kahi komo ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he mau wahi pōkole wale nō, akā he mea ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kāhea aku iā lākou i nā wahi. ʻO nā hale pale e mālama maʻamau i nā bean polar no kahi manawa pōkole - mai nā hola he nui i kekahi mau lā. Hāʻawi lākou i ka holoholona me ka hōʻoluʻolu liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, pale no kahi manawa ʻino.
I ke kūlana o ka wā ʻino loa (ka hau hau, ka hau), nā bears, i mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka ikehu, hiki i ka hāʻule i loko o nā wahi noho no nā pule he nui. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻona ʻākau: ʻoiai ʻo nā bea ʻē aʻe hiki ke ʻeha i ka hoʻoilo wale nō, hiki i ko kā mākou hero ke hāʻule i loko o kahi kūlana e like me ka hānau ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa.
He aha ka mea a ka haku o ke ʻākau?
Ke kī ana i ka mea honi (nā hōʻailona paʻa) i ka ʻai ʻana o nā bea polar he meaʻai No. Holo nā holoholona i nā ʻīlio, e kali ana iā lākou e pili ana i nā "vents", a me nā wahi o kā lākou ʻano hānai ma nā hau hau, kahi mau lua e lilo ai i mea pio no ka poʻe predator. Pihi ka ʻōpū i ka mea i make ʻole, a laila hana ka mea i kahi a koi a pili i loko o ka wai. E hoʻonui i nā "vents" liʻiliʻi, haki ka holoholona i ka hau me kona mau wāwae mua, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna ʻano nui. Hoʻopili i ka mua o ke kino i ka wai, hopu ʻo ia i ka mea ʻai me nā ʻāʻī ikaika a huki iā ia i ka hau. Hiki i nā Bears ke loaʻa i ka wahi o ka lua o ka pūlima ma o kahi ʻenehana lōʻihi o ka hau i piha i ka kime, hele lākou ia mai kahi kilomita ma kahi mamao, e kiko wale ana i ka ʻoni. ʻO kā lākou ʻano o ke ala ka mea ʻona i waena o nā mammals āpau. Hāpai hoʻi lākou i nā walruses, belugas, narwhals, waterwowl seabirds.
ʻO nā hoʻopihapiha o ke kai he mea pono ia no ka hānai ʻana i nā mea make polar pololi: nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona make, ka mea mai ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kekahi holoholona moana. ʻO ka nui o nā bea e hōʻuluʻulu pinepine ʻia e kokoke ana i ke kupapaʻu o kekahi kohola i hoʻolei ʻia ma ka ʻāina (kiʻi kiʻi).
ʻO ka wī polar, he holoholona holoholona maʻamau, akā, ke pōloli a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻimi pono i kāna ʻai nui - ʻo nā sila, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana i nā meaʻai mea kanu, nā hua ʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu manu, nā mosses a me nā lichens. mau lālā o nā lāʻau). ʻO kēia, ka mea, e pono ke manaʻo ʻia o kahi hoʻololi élohelohe o nā ʻano pili i nā ʻano pilikia ʻona.
I kahi e noho ai, hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai, a laila, inā ʻaʻohe ʻaiwai, pōloli no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I nā kūlana o kēia wā, hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hopena technological i ka ʻenehana i ke ʻano i ka hemo ʻana o ka meaʻai o ka meaʻai a ka polar, no ka koi ʻana iā ia e huli i nā pōpoki kūloko pinepine, e kipa aku i nā konohiki i nā wahi noho, e luku ai i nā hale kūʻai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā helu hope loa
Ke hoʻololi mau nei i nā kūlana wai i ka ʻūlū ʻākau e hoʻololi pinepine i ko lākou wahi noho, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi i nui ai nā koholā a i waena o nā mākeke i wehe a uhi ʻia paha nā ʻano hau ʻōpiopio, nā kahikaha a me nā paakiki e hoʻoikaika iā lākou i ka hopu ʻana. No ka mea, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele i ka zapripaynoy zone, ʻaʻole paha ia he manawa lehulehu nā holoholona e hoʻokau ma ʻilo i ka hoʻoilo. Akā mai ka manawa i kēia manawa, ua pani paʻa ke kaona zapryapnaya ma muli o ka makani pinch, a laila hele i nā bears me ka lele i nā wahi ʻē aʻe e ʻimi ai i nā wahi lawaiʻa maikaʻi. Noho ka hau, a aia wale no ka manawa o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, e noho mau i ka hau meʻa, akā ʻaʻole lākou i nā wahi a pau e kūpono ai ke ola ʻana o nā sila, a no laila, mau poli polū.
I ka huli ʻana i nā wahi kūpono e pono ai no ka hopu ʻana, hele nā holoholona i nā haneli mau haneli. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka noho ʻana o ko lākou wahi ma loko o hoʻokahi manawa, me ka hōʻike ʻole i ka hoʻokaʻawale a waena. Ke waiho ʻole nei ka territorialism i ka polar bear, ʻoi aku a i ʻole nā ʻohana ʻohana no kekahi manawa e ulu i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. Akā, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka koke nei nā ʻano e loli nui, waiho nā holoholona i kēlā mau wahi a neʻe aku i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaka
Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu ma ka lā o ʻApelila-Mei. Ma waena o nā kāne i kēia manawa ke paio ikaika loa no nā wahine.
Hōʻike ʻia nā wahine i ka ovulation uʻi (pono lākou e aloha i nā manawa he nui ma mua o nā lā ma mua o ka ovulation a me ka luku ʻana), a no laila aia nā kāne e noho pū no 1-2 mau wiki no ka hoʻopou ulu ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā bea polū e kahi lohi i ka implantation a hiki i ke waena o Kepakemapa-Okatoba, e hilinaʻi ana ma ka latitude kahi e noho ai nā holoholona. Ma hope o 2-3 mau malama i ka nui o nā wahi, hānau ʻia nā cubs. Hana kēia i loko o kahi lua hau. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 600 grika. I ka wā hānau, ua pena nui ka lauoho o kā lākou lauoho. A hiki i ka 7-8 mau makahiki o ka makuahine, ʻo ka waiū o ka makuahine ka papa ʻaina nui. Momona loa kēia waiū - 28-30%, akā ʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea liʻiliʻi.
I kekahi manawa haʻalele ka bear i kahi lua i lilo i "disfunctional", a nāwaliwali nā ʻili. Ke neʻe nei lākou me ka paʻakikī a koi aku i ka mālama mau. Inā pilikia ka ʻohana nui i kēia manawa, ʻo ka wahine, e mālama ana i nā kūloko, e hali aku ana i nā niho.
A hiki i nā cubs ke nui o 10-12 kg, hoʻomaka lākou e hele pū me ko lākou makuahine ma nā wahi āpau. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu lākou iā ia ma nā kuʻina haʻahaʻa. I kekahi manawa pau ke pāʻani ʻana i kahi hakakā, aʻo nā cubs me ka leo nui.
ʻO kekahi mau tangina i hele i kahi hele wāwae e hana i kekahi ʻano leʻaila i ka hau. Kuʻi lākou i ka hau, hau i ka maka ma luna o lākou, e moe ana me kā lākou ʻōpū a me ka pulupulu, kaomi ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻūhā pale, hoʻowalewale i ke kuʻuna i nā ʻano like ʻole: ma ke kua, ʻaoʻao a ʻeha paha. No nā bea aʻelemakule, aia kēia mau kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o ka hulu. I nā cubs ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ko lākou makuahine, ua ʻoluʻolu hoʻi kēia ʻano.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana no Ursa i ka wā ʻōpio ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kū ʻana o ka ʻohana. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka makuahine inā i ka wā o nā pēpē i loko o ka lua, no ka laʻana, me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā hana. Hōʻike lākou i kekahi manawa iā ia i ka wā e ʻai ai i nā mea kanu.
Ua haʻalele ka ʻohana i ka lua, hele ka ʻohana i ke kai. I ke ala, ua hōʻoki pinepine ka wahine e hānai i nā pahu, i kekahi manawa hānai ʻo ia iā ia iho ma ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kanu mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Inā he hau ka makani, e moe ana me kona kua i ka makani, me ka nui o ka hau, ua ʻiʻuku ʻo ia i kahi lua liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka manawa kaʻawale. A laila hele ka ʻohana i ka hau. Ma ka hapa mua o Mei, aia nō kekahi manawa i loaʻa nā wāhine a me nā ʻōpio ma ka ʻāina, akā aia paha i waena o ia poʻe, no ke kumu, ua lohi i ko lākou noho ʻana.
Hiki i nā wahine ke hānai i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki, ʻoiai nā cubs me ia a hiki i ka 2.5 mau makahiki. No ka manawa mua, lilo nā wahine i mau makuahine, maʻamau ma waena o 4-5 mau makahiki, a laila hānau mai kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki a hiki ke make. I ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻelua hānau pā ʻia. Loaʻa ka nui loa o nā ʻōpio nui a me nā pā nui ma nā wahine i kū i ke 8-10 makahiki. I nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānau ʻana o 1 cub. Aia ma laila he hōʻike e hiki i nā wahine pākeke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ke hoʻololi i nā ʻili a hāpai paha i nā cubs i nalowale i ko lākou makuahine no kekahi kumu.
ʻO ka ola ola o nā poloa polar o nā wahine he 25-30 mau makahiki, nā kāne - a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā maʻi, nā ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū
I waena o nā bea polar, ʻo kahi maʻi maʻi hōʻiliʻili like ʻole a me nā maʻi trichinosis ka mea ākea. ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻilihune loa.
ʻO ka pinepine pinepine nō lākou i kēlā mau hōʻeha, e komo pū me nā mea i loaʻa i ka hakakā ʻana o kekahi me kekahi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine a i ʻole ka meaʻai. Akā, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi no ka heluna o ka heluna.
Hiki i ka hakakā ka polar ke kanaka ka mea i hōʻino i nā sila me ke kolo, no ka ʻili, ka pulu a me ka ʻiʻo, ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka kaulike kūlohelohe ma waena o ka mea nāna e kāʻili a me ka mea i lawe ʻia.
Loaʻa i ka ʻīlio a me ka foʻo arctic kahi hopena liʻiliʻi i ka heluna o ka lehulehu, e hoʻouka ana a pepehi i nā cubs.
Polars bear a me ke kanaka
Mahalo i nā hana e pale ai i nā mea wānana polar, ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻopau ʻana iā lākou. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea hihiu lākou, akā ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka 1973 Polar Bear Conservation Agreement, ua hoʻokū ka lehulehu.
Manaʻo ia ka hana o ka ʻimi no nā bea poloki, ʻaʻole lākou e luku ʻia. Eia naʻe kekahi hopohopo e emi paha ko lākou helu ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohuli. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka e kāʻili iā lākou, nā mea a nā luna e pepehi ai he 700 mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā ʻo ka pilikia koʻikoʻi no kā mākou poʻe kauā, ʻo ia ka mahana o ke anā o ke anuanu a me nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni.
Ma nā wahi Arctic, ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka haki ma waena o kahi wīwī polar a me ke kanaka. A ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kūlana hakakā no ka ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO nā wili polar, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka ulu wale ʻana i nā kānaka, akā aia nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona e hoʻi inā hālāwai lākou i kahi kanaka, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe ʻaʻole i mālama iā ia. Akā aia kekahi poʻe e alualu nei i kahi kanaka, ʻoiai inā he holo ʻo ia. ʻO ka nui paha, i kēia manawa hoʻomaka ʻia ka holoholona no ka hoʻomaʻau ʻana. No laila, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa aku nei i kahi polar bear he holoholona maikaʻi ʻole ia he mea leʻaleʻa weliweli. ʻO ka pōʻino maoli ua pau i ka maʻalahi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia nā holoholona kahiko kahi i nalowale i ka hiki ke holomua maikaʻi i kā lākou ʻai maʻamau, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻaʻole i mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻano o ka hopu holoholona. ʻO ka wahine e pale ana i kā lākou mau keiki liʻiliʻi e loaʻa kahi pilikia. Hiki nō ke kūʻē i ka wali polar i ka wā i hiki ʻole ai e hālāwai me ke kanaka a i ʻole ke alualu ʻia.
No ke aha he "keʻokeʻo" ka polar.
Ua lohe a hiki i nā mākua kahi nīnau mai kēia "keiki". A i ʻole he kumu kula koi ʻia i ke kula. He pau ana kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lauoho o kēia holoholona. ʻAʻohe ʻo ia ma laila. Lauoho ʻino nā lauoho pono i loko o ka naʻau.
Hōʻike maikaʻi lākou i ka lewa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke keʻokeʻo. Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a ka huluhulu o ka mea kolo. I ke kauwela, ua huli i ka lā i ka lā. E lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai nā algae liʻiliʻi e piʻi ma waena o ka villi. ʻO ke kapa paha ia kīleʻī, browner a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano o ke ola o ka bear.
A i ka hoʻoilo ua aneane keʻokeʻo ia i keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona a me kahi hōʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻoi ke kala o ke kapa i hōʻa hou i ka manawa, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā kūlana ola.
I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka wela o ka holoholona. E kuhi a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka wela.A inā e ʻohi ka lālani i ka huluhulu, "mālama", a laila ʻike ʻole ia, ʻaʻole wale i ka maka ʻili, akā ʻo ka ʻona loea, no ka mea hoʻohālike.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka polar?
Noho ka polar i ka ʻāina polar o nā ʻāpana ʻākau ʻehā, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i ka holoholona e noho nei ma nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻole ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hau hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole ʻo ka hapa nui o nā bea e hele ma mua o 88 mau kiʻekiʻe ma ka palena ʻākau, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā lākou kahele ʻana ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Newfoundland Island, nona ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ko lākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻāʻo ana e launa pū me kahi mea hoʻomao.
Ke kamaʻāina maikaʻi ʻia nā mea noho o nā Arctic a me nā tundra o Lūkini, Greenland, ka USA a me Kanada me ka bear keʻokeʻo. Noho ka hapanui o nā holoholona ma nā wahi me ka haki, ka hau aila, kahi e noho ai nā kohu a me nā walrus. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka aniani ma kahi kokoke i kahi lāʻau ʻala nui, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ia mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ana o kahi hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha i ka hulu mai ka hohonu.
ʻAʻole hiki ke koho pololei i ka ʻāina ākea kahi e noho ai ka polar. ʻO nā ākea nui o nā holoholona i kapa ʻia ma hope o kā lākou pūʻulu nui. No laila, makemake ka hapa nui:
- nā kahakai hikina o ka moana ʻo Kara a ma East Siberia, nā wai anuanu o ke Kai Laptev, nā mokupuni ʻo Novosibirsk a me nā moku ʻo Novaya Zemlya (nā kānaka o Laptev), nā kahakai o Barents, ke komohana komohana o ke kai Kara, ka Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Frans Joseph a me Svalbard land (Kara-Barents Sea populasyon) , Ke kai Chukchi, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Kai Bering, hikina hikina o ke Kai Siberian East, Wrangel a me Herald Islands (Chukchi-Alaskan populasyon).
Noho pololei ma ka Arctic, ʻaʻole hiki i nā bea keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, ʻoluʻolu i nā kai souther a me nā mea mahana. Ka loli ka noho ʻana a pili pū me nā palena o ka hau polū. Inā holo pololei ka ʻōpiopio a Arctic a hoʻomaka ka hau, a laila e hele kokoke nā holoholona i ka pou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i ka hema, makemake i nā ʻāina kahakai i uhi ʻia a me ka ʻāina nui.
Hōʻike Polar Bear
ʻO nā bea polar i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei ka nui o ka poʻe momi manu ma ka honua. He mau aie lākou i nā kūpuna. I ka mamao o 4 ka lōʻihi o ka bea poli a he 4 mika lōʻihi, ua kaupaona ʻia he 1, tons tons.
ʻO ka bea poli o kēia lā, ma ka nui a me ka ulu ʻana, he mea haʻahaʻa loa ia. No laila, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka beara keʻokeʻo ma mua o 3 mau mika me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino a hiki i ka 1 ton. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paona kāne ma mua o 500 kilograms, nā wahine i kaupaona ʻia 200-350 kilokilo. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o kahi holoholona pālua ma ka maloʻo he 1.2-1,5 mika wale nō, aʻo ka bear nui ʻōlima a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-2.5 mika.
Nāwili, nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonohonoho o ka ʻoki a me ke poʻo
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino piha o kahi beahi keʻokeʻo me ka hulu, kahi e pale ai i nā kī nui a hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka wai hau. ʻO ka ihu a me nā wāwae wāwae wale nō ka i hoʻoneʻe i ka pale hulu. Hiki ke kala i ke keʻokeʻo o ka huluhulu i loko keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻohui ka ʻalāʻili o ka huluhulu i ka ʻike mau ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet, nāna e hāʻawi i nā waiwai hoʻomehana a wela i ka holoholona i ka manu ʻole. ʻO ke kumu o ke kahe ʻōmaʻomaʻo he microscopic algae e pili ana i ka punawai i loko o ka lauoho.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻano ʻia ka lauoho o ka holoholona i ka pigmentation, ʻaʻohe mānoʻoniʻoni, lauoho nā lauoho, palaka, paʻa, paʻa ma kahi liʻiliʻi mai kekahi mai. Aia kahi undercoat maikaʻi i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili ʻili me ke aniani o kahi momona 10-centimeter i loaʻa.
ʻO ka lole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi huna maikaʻi loa no ka holoholona. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia no kahi mea lawaiʻa ʻike e ʻike i kahi waʻa huna, ʻoiai nā keke a me nā walrus e lilo pinepine i mau mea kolohe.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kino, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae
ʻAʻole e like me kahi bea grizzly, uaʻili ke kua o ka lei o ke kuli, pāwaha kona poʻo, elongated kona mua, kuʻi liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao ona a puni.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona mea lawaleʻa lawaleʻa, ka hoʻokō ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i nā membran ma waena o nā manamana wāwae a hoʻoholo i kahi e noho ai ka polar i ka hapa o ka makahiki. I ka wā e kau ai, ʻaʻohe kau a ka kaupaona polar i ka pōpilikia, mahalo i nā membran, hiki ke loaʻa koke i ka mea wikiwiki loa.
ʻO nā wāwae o ka mea wānana, he koloka, a hoʻopau i nā wāwae ikaika. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻalāʻau wāwae i ka huluhulu, nāna e mālama ʻia me ka pale a me ka haki ʻana. Uhiʻi nā ʻaoʻao mua i nā wāwae me nā bristles ikaika, kahi e hūnā ai i nā ʻāʻī o nā puʻupuʻu, e ʻohi ai i ka waiwai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ke loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio me kāna mau lehelehe, hoʻohana hou ka mea predator i kona mau niho. Maʻa ikaika kāna mau ʻōpio, nā incisors a me nā fangs ua hoʻomau ʻia. He holoholona hānai ʻona a hiki i nā niho he 42, ʻaʻohe vibrissa hāmua.
ʻO nā ʻōhaka a pau o kēia ʻano he ʻāpana; ʻO kona ʻili, he liʻiliʻi, me ka lōʻihi o 7 a 13 sentimeter, nalowale ke kū'ē nei i ke kua o ka lauoho elongated o ke kua.
Hoʻomanawanui
He holoholona paʻakikī loa ka lela pōkole, ʻoiai ʻo nā clumsiness ʻike ʻia, hiki iā ia ke lanakila a hiki i 5.6 mau hola i kēlā me kēia manawa e ka ʻāina a hiki i 7 mau kilomita no kēlā me kēia wai. ʻO ka hapa maʻamau o kahi neʻe e 40 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola.
Lohe nā poli a ʻike pono, a ʻo ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke honi i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi mamao o 1 kilomita mai laila. Hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻike i kahi sila e hūnā ana ma lalo o nā wai o ka hau, a he huna paha ma lalo o kahi nalu, inā he hohonu ma kahi o 1 mika.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi pola.
ʻOi maikaʻi loa, i ka hoʻopio ʻana, ke noho nei nā bea polar me ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko lākou noho kūlohelohe. ʻO ka manawa haʻahaʻa o ke ola ma kēia hihia ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 20-30 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ka mea noho o ka zoo ua hiki ke ola ma kahi o 45-50 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke kaohi ʻana o ka meaʻai, ka meli makahiki o nā māla lau a me ka pau ʻana o ka luku mau ʻana o nā mea wānana e ke kanaka.
Ma Lūkia, ua ʻānai ʻia ke kaʻa ʻana no ka bea polar, akā ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he mau palena wale nō ma luna o kēia, e ʻae ana i ka luku ʻana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka mau haneli mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole pili kēia haki me ka pono maoli no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili, no laila he barbarism maoli ʻoe i kēia holoholona nani a ikaika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hōʻalo ʻia ka polar bearer i kahi wanana kolohe e hōʻino nei i ka poʻe. Makemake ka holoholona i kahi nohona noho wale ʻana, nā kāne a me nā wahine e ʻākoakoa wale i ka wā ʻo ia ka rutting. I ke koena o ka manawa, neʻe maoli ka bears i ko lākou ʻāina mahele i kā lākou mau hoahānau, a pili kēia i nā kāne, akā i ka wahine me nā keiki hānau hou.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā kao polar, mālama i ka hua
Ma ka pilina kekahi, ua ʻano maluhia nā bears polar, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne i ka wā o ka hānai. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wale nā holoholona makua wale nō e hōʻeha, akā nā cubs e pale ai i ka wahine mai ka hele hou ʻana i nā pāʻani hoʻohālikelike.
Hoʻopau nā holoholona i ka wā e hiki ai lākou i 4 a 8 mau makahiki paha, ʻoiai e mākaukau nā wahine e hānau keiki 1-2 mau makahiki ma mua o nā kāne.
Hoʻomoe mau ka lā mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i ka mahina mua o Iune. Hiki i kekahi wahine ke alualu a hiki i 7 kāne. Mālama ka puaʻa ma kahi o 250 mau lā, e pili ana i 8 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka hāpai ʻana i ka maʻi latent, kahiʻano e ka hoʻolohi i ka implantation o ka embryo. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole wale me ka physiology o ka holoholona, akā pū kekahi me nā kūlana o kona nohona. Pono ka wahine e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka wahine a no ka wā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. A puni ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolana i kāna iho helu, a no kēia kumu ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā manawa he mau haneli. Kūleʻa nā wahine nui i kahi mau hale kokoke i nā hale e noho nei. No laila, ma nā kuʻi o Wrangel a me Franz Joseph aia ma kahi o 150 mau kaulua kokoke.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā ʻana ʻo Embryo i ka waena o Nowemapa, ke hiamoe ke wahine.Hoʻomau ʻia kona ʻōpū ʻana i ka lā o ʻApelila a ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau kū i loko o ka lua, ke kaupaʻa ʻia mai 450 a 700 700 pākahi. ʻO ka hana ʻē loa ka hānau ʻana o 4 mau cubs. Uhihi ʻia nā keiki i ka huluhulu nūpepa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nā pale iā lākou mai ka maloʻo, no laila i loko o nā hebedoma mua o ko lākou ola ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka lua, e kākoʻo ana i kona noho ʻana ma muli o ka momona i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia.
ʻAi hānai nā pēpē hou i ka waiū umauma. ʻAʻole lākou e wehe koke i ko lākou mau maka, akā hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomaka ʻelua mau keiki a ʻōkeke ʻelua mau keiki i waho o ka moena, a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o 3 mau mahina ke waiho piha nei. I ka manawa like, hoʻomau lākou i ka ʻai waiū a kokoke ke pili i ka wahine a hiki lākou i ka 1,5 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole aneane ʻole nā pale liʻiliʻi, no laila ua lilo pinepine lākou i mau waiwai no ka mea nui ʻōiwi. ʻO ka make ma waena o nā bea polar ma lalo o ka makahiki o ka makahiki he 1 ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10-30%.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hāpai hou i ka wahine ma hope iho o ka make o ka hua, a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i ka wā hānau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 1 manawa ʻo 2-3 mau makahiki. I ka awelika, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau kūmole i hānau ʻia mai hoʻokahi wahine i kona ola holoʻokoʻa, hapalua o ia make.
He aha kahi mea e ʻai ai ka polar?
ʻAi ʻia ka polar i ka ʻiʻo a me nā meaʻai iʻa. ʻO nā mea i make ʻia nā mea hilo, nā hōʻailona paʻa, ka hiula o ke kai, walrus, ke kīʻaha beluga a me nā narwhals. ʻAno hopu a pepehi i ka mea pio, hoʻomaka ka mea predator i ka ʻili a me ka momona. ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ke kalepa ka mea e ʻai ai nā polar polia i ka hapa nui. ʻOi aku ka makemake ʻole e ʻai i ka ʻai hou, i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana wale nō i ka manawa o nā pōloli wā lōʻihi. Kēia mea momona hoʻokipa e pono no ka hōʻiliʻili o ka huaora A i loko o ke ate, ke kōkua nei ke ola i ka hoʻoilo lōʻihi me ka hopena ʻole. ʻO ka mea a ka polar e ʻai ʻole ai, ua ʻoki ʻia, nā mea ʻowala e hahai ana iā ia - nā ʻalopelo arctic a me nā ʻīlio hihiu.
No ka saturation, pono kahi mea kahakaha ma kahi o 7 mau kilo o ka meaʻai. Hiki i kahi ʻona pōloli keʻai i 19 mau kilo a ʻoi aku paha. Inā heʻe ka mea pio, ʻaʻohe ona mana e alualu iā ia, a laila e ʻai ka holoholona i ka iʻa, ka ʻula, nā hua manu a me nā moa. I kēlā manawa, lilo ka bea i nā kānaka. Holo aku ʻo ia i uka o nā kauā, e ʻai ana i ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā huakaʻi hōʻoluʻolu. I nā makahiki pōloli, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā ʻili i nā algae a me nā lau. ʻO nā wā lohi i ka pōloli lohi i hāʻule pinepine i ke kauwela, ke hoʻoheheʻe a hau a huli hoʻi mai uka. I kēia manawa, ke koi ʻia nā bea e hoʻolilo i kā lākou mau momona momona, i kekahi manawa e pōloli ana no ka 4 mau mahina ma mua o ka lālani. ʻO ka nīnau no ka mea e ʻai ai ka polar i nā manawa like ʻole, no ka mea ua mākaukau ka holoholona e ʻai maoli i nā mea a pau e neʻe ai.
Makee
Hōʻalo ka bea i ka mea i make no ka manawa lōʻihi, ke kū nei kekahi mau hola ma kahi o ka pahu hau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi sila e popo ana i ka ea. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke poʻo o ka mea ʻai ma luna o ka wai, ua hoʻoulu ke kahu iā i ka wāwae ikaika ma luna. ʻO ke kupapaʻu, ua hoʻopili ʻo ia a kau i ka ʻāina. No ka hoʻonui i kona mau manawa hopu, ke hoʻolalaha aku nei ka bear i nā palena o ka lāʻau ʻala a kokoke i ke kolo ʻana i kona poʻo i loko o ka wai i mea e mālama ai i ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kuahiwi ke pau i nā manawa āpau i ka wai, pono lākou i ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai nā bea polar. Ke ʻike nei i kahi hōʻailona paʻa, ke ʻūlū nui ka ʻōpiu a huli i ke kaʻe ma luna o kahi e moe ana. ʻO ka hopena o ka sila hōʻailona he hopena foregone. Inā lilo ka walrus i mea pio, no laila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa nā mea āpau. He pale ikaika ʻo Walruses i ke ʻano o nā fangs mua, kahi hiki ke maʻalahi iā lākou e kālai aku i kahi mea kīwī ʻole. Hiki i ka walrus makua pākahi ke ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kahi bear, ʻoiai inā he ʻōpio ʻo ia a ʻaʻole hoʻi i loaʻa ka ʻike no ia mau kaua.
Me kēia i ka noʻonoʻo, hoʻoulu wale nā bears i nā palupalu, a i ʻole nā ʻōpio ʻōpio paha, e hana wale ana ma ka ʻāina. Hōʻalo ʻia ka mea pio no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, kau ʻo ka pea a hiki i ka mamao kokoke loa, ma hope o ka pīhaʻu a lele i ka mea hoʻomake me ke kaumaha.
Ko wai e hopohopo nei nā polar?
Ma ka nohona kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka bea ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi. Inā hōʻeha a maʻi paha ka holoholona, a laila walruses, nā kohola make, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻalopelo arctic a me nā ʻīlio hoʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka iā ia. ʻOi aku ka nui o kahi kaola hānai ma mua o nā mea āpau i kapa ʻia a hiki ke hoʻokō maʻalahi me kekahi mau hoa kū'ē e kūʻē i ka lehulehu. Hōʻalo ka holoholona maʻi me ka hoʻoweliweli a makemake pinepine e haʻalele i ke kaua, ke hoʻomaha nei i ka lua.
I kekahi manawa ʻo ka lilo ʻana o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio e lilo i mau ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā mea a kona makuahine e hele nei e ʻimi, a nānā ʻole paha iā lākou. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo e makemake nei i ka pepehi ʻana i kahi holoholona no ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna peʻa ʻoluʻolu a ʻo ka ʻiʻo nui ua hoʻoweliweli hoʻi i ke ola o ka bea.
ʻAʻohana ʻohana
Ua puka mua ʻo Bears ma ka honua nei ma kahi o 5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ke kao polar, nae, kahi kaawale mai kona mau kūpuna coklat iʻoi aku ma mua o 600 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ʻo ka bear brown maʻamau ka mea e pili pono loa i kona pili.
ʻO nā hua a me nā bea poli nā ʻano like like ʻole, no laila, ma ke keʻa ʻana, loaʻa kahi hua ola maikaʻi loa, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻAʻole hānau ʻia nā bea ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, akā e hoʻoili ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa a ʻelua.
Ma ka manawa like, ke ola nei nā poli a me nā aniani i nā ʻōnaehana ʻoiola a me nā pōpilikia ʻē aʻe i pili i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka nui o nā huapalapala i loko o lākou, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka meaʻai, ka ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka nohona. ʻO ka heleʻana o kahi hopena koʻikoʻi ma nā mea a pau i hōʻike ʻia i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka brown brown, a i ʻole grizzly, i mea he ʻano kaʻawale.
Polar bear a me ka bear bear: wehewehe hoʻohālikelike
Loaʻa nā ʻāpana hoʻohanohano a me nā bea poloka i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka ulu o ka pua i ka ʻū i lalo.
Polar bear, a umka paha | ʻĀpana hāleʻele | |
ʻO ka lōʻihi | ʻAʻole emi malalo o 3 mika | 2-2.5 mau mika |
ʻAno kino | 1-1.2 tons | E piʻi paha i 750 kilokilo ka nui |
Na palapala kapu | ʻAʻohe mea | He nui nā hua subspecies i loaʻa i ka honua a puni. |
Nā hiʻohiʻona physiological | ʻO ka ʻāʻī elongated, ke poʻo ākea pāpaʻu ʻia. | ʻOkiʻoki a me ka ʻāʻī pōkole, poʻo poʻo ākea. |
Hoʻaiho | ʻO ka palena hema o ka polar bear habitat ka tundra. | Kahi ʻia nā bea brown ma ka honua, aʻo ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi hema. ʻO ka palena o ko lākou noho i ka ʻākau i ka palena hema o ka tundra. |
Mea makemake makemake i ka meaʻai | ʻAi ka polar i ka ai a me ka iʻa. | Hoʻohui aku i ka ʻiʻo, ʻai ka ʻulaʻula i nā huaʻala, nā huaila, a me nā huaʻōlelo pepeke. |
ʻO ka wā hānau | ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka hānau ʻana ma mua o 80 mau lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahine hāpai i ka hoʻomaha. | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana mai 75 a 195 mau lā, e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka holoholona. |
Pūnaewele | Maraki-Iune | Kau - Iulai |
Progeny | ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau cubs, pinepine loa 1-2 mau pēpē i loko o kahi litter. | 2-3 hānau hānau ʻia ma 2-3, a i kekahi mau manawa hiki i kā lākou helu ke hiki i 4-5. |
ʻO nā polar bear a me ka bea bear kahi mea pōʻino weliweli, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā nīnau kūpono e pili ana i nā mea e ikaika ana i ke kaua, kahi beahi polar a me ka bear grizzly? ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pane i pane ʻole ʻia i ka nīnau i nīnau ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a ʻo wai lā ka mea e lanakila i ka wīwī a i ʻole ka brown. ʻAʻole aneane holo like ʻole kēia mau holoholona. Ma kahi pahu, noho maikaʻi lākou.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻike e pili ana i ka polar bear
Nui nā moʻolelo a me nā haʻalulu e pili ana i ka bea polar. Ma ka manawa like loa, ʻo kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano hana i mea maikaʻi loa a kūpono i ka manaʻo no ka poʻe ʻaʻole wale nō ka makemake o nā pūlima, akā nā mea ʻōpio o nā holoholona hihiu. I kēia lā, ʻikea ka mea e pili ana i ka polar bear:
- Loaʻa ka poʻe predatory nui loa ma ka Barents Sea, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e makemake i ka mokupuni ʻo Svalbard a me kahi e kokoke ana. Ma nā kiʻi i lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka mālamalama ultraviolet, ʻeleʻele ka lauoho o ka polar. Hiki i nā wīwī hele ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa, e neʻe ʻole wale ma ka ʻāina, akā e ʻauʻau ana hoʻi. I kēia, ua like nā lua polar a me ka brown bear.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka be bear lōʻihi ma mua o 9 mau lā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I loko o kēia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ka wahine ma mua o ka 660 mau mile ma ke kahakai ʻo Beaufort, ua nalowale 22% o kāna nui a me ka ʻōkole o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā ua noho mau ʻia a hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i uka. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke kao polar i ke kanaka, kahi mea pōloli pōloli hiki iā ia ke hana iā ia i kāna waiwai, ke alualu nei me ka wiwo ʻole i nā lā he nui. Ma ke kulanakauhale o Churchill, nona no ke kaona o Manitoba, aia kahi wahi kūikawā kahi i haki ʻia ai nā bea i ke kula o ka noho ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka zoo kaʻawale he mea kūpono ia. ʻAʻole hopohopo i ka hele ʻana o ke kanaka, hiki i kahi mea pōloli pōkomo ke komo i loko o ka hale a hoʻouka i kahi kanaka. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana a me ka meaʻai nui, ua haʻalele ka bea i ke kūlanakauhale ua emi ʻole ka paʻakikī, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke manaʻolana i kona hoʻi koke ʻana. Wahi a nā Eskimos, ua hoʻopili ka polar i nā kahe o ke ʻano. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kāne ke kāhea iā ia iho a hiki i ke komo pū ʻana me ia. ʻO ka bea polili nui ka kūpuna o nā bear bear hou. I ka makahiki 1962, keu ke kaupaona ana he 1,002 mau kilemelu he mea make ma Alaska. ʻO ka bear kahi holoholona mahana. Hiki i ke ana o kona kino ke 31 degere Celsius, no laila he mea maʻalahi ʻole no ka mea manawa e holo wikiwiki. Hiki i ke holo lōʻihi ke alakaʻi i ka wela ʻana o ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā keiki i ke kiʻi o ka bear polar ma o nā kāleka e like me Umka, Elka a me Bernard. Ma kou mau punahele aloha āpau ma nā pāpū ʻĀkau i kiʻi kekahi kiʻi kiʻi polar bear. ʻO ka lā mana o ka polar bear ka lā 27 Pepeluali. ʻO ka bear polar kekahi o nā hōʻailona o Alaska.
Kuhi ʻia nā bean polar ʻaʻole ulu nui, no ka mea, ua hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia ko lākou lehulehu. Wahi a kahi loiloi i hana ʻia ma ka makahiki 2013, ʻo ka nui o nā bea ma Lūkini ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 7 tausani mau kanaka (20-25 tausani kanaka hoʻokahi mea ma ka honua).
No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili o kēia mau holoholona i ka makahiki 1957, ma ka nānā ʻana i kahi mea make pau loa e nā poʻe kamaʻāina a me nā poimana. ʻO nā kīʻaha polar, kahi mea i haunaele ai kona wahi noho, ua hoʻokomo i nā waiwai kanaka.
No ke aha he papa polar i helu ʻia ma ka Red Red Book
Loaʻa i ka mea hoʻolaha kēia ka lauoho nani a he nui kāna ʻiʻo. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo huhū a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻoleʻole o ka poʻe mākāka i kāki i ka holoholona no ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi emi haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka heluna i kōkua i ka hoʻomehana honua a me ka ʻike honua. Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi o ka uhi o ka hau e 25%, ua wikiwiki ke aniani o nā glacier.
Hoʻohaumaha ʻia ke kahakai kai me nā huahana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka pau ʻole. A ʻo ka bea ʻana o kā mākou bea i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua manaʻo ʻia he kanaka mea lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i nā nui o nā mea laola a me nā anthropogens i loko o kona kino. ʻO kēia i hōʻemi nui ai i ka hiki ke hānau hou.
Aia ma ka honua nei aia mai 22 a 31 tausani o kēia mau holoholona hanohano. A e like me nā wānana, ma 2050 e emi ana ka helu ma kahi o 30%. Ma hope o kēia ʻike ʻaʻohe nīnau no ke aha i komo ai ka beahi polar ma ka Buke Red.I mālama ʻia poli polū ma ka ʻĀpana Lūkini mai hoʻopuni ʻia mai ka makahiki 1956.
I ka makahiki 1973, ua kohu mua nā ʻāina o ka moku Arctic i kahi ʻikepili ma ka mālama ʻana i ka bea polar. Mālama ko mākou ʻāina i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea hoʻoweliweli mai ka papa inoa o nā International Union for Conservation of Nature (International Red Book) a mai nā Red Book of the Russian Federation.
He aha ka moeʻuhane o kahi bear polar
He mea ʻano ʻē ia inā inā mahalo i ka oso keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole mākou i hoʻopili koʻikoʻi i kona ʻano i loko o kā māua mau moemoeā. Aʻole iki. Ma kahi o nā puke moemoeā kaulana loa, hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu i ka mea a nā polar bear a moemoeā. Manaʻo kekahi i kona helehelena i ka moeʻuhane e maikaʻi a hoʻohiki i ka maikaʻi, ʻōlelo ka poʻe i hoʻomākaukau e hoʻomākaukau no ka pilikia ma hope o kēlā.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Muke's moemoeā moʻo kahi polar bear i ka moeʻuhane e pili ana i ke koho ola koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Inā ʻo ka lālau i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka moeʻuhane, e makaʻala i nā ʻenemi i ke ola. ʻO ka bear e kau ana ma luna o ka hau aine e paipai iā ʻoe e hoʻopunipuni.
A e ʻike i kahi waʻa e ʻai ana i kahi sila hūnā e pono ʻoe e haʻalele i nā hana ʻino. Inā kāpī i ke ʻili o ka bea polū - e lanakila koke ʻoe i ka pilikia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. E ʻike i kahi bear polar - ʻo ia ka mea ke manaʻo koke i ka wā mare a me ka loaʻa kālā.
Wahi a Freud, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka polar bear i ka moeʻuhane ka manaʻo e pono ʻoe e hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi a me ka pono ʻole o ka ardor i kou ola. A e like me Aesop, nā moe kolohe i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomāinoino. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaua iā ia ma ka moeʻuhane, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e pono i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻohuli ʻoe i ka make ke hui me ia, a laila hiki koke iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i nā pilikia maikaʻi ʻole.
Ka hiamoe polar bear hiki i kou pilikia ke waiho wale iā ʻoe no kahi manawa iki. ʻO kekahi hihia, maikaʻi loa inā ke moeʻo kā mākou bear e kahi kanaka e noʻonoʻo pono ana i kona ola palekana e hiki ke kōkua iā ia e ola.
Polar bear: wehewehe
ʻO kēia holoholona ka nui loa o kāna papa, ʻoiai hiki i nā pākeke ke ulu a hiki i 3 mika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai e hiki ke paona a hiki i 1 ton. ʻO ka nui o ka predator ma waena o 2 mau mika, me ka paona o 800 800 kg. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo o nā pākeke e ʻae i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
ʻOkoʻa nā wahine i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi; Loaʻa nā ʻūʻuku liʻiliʻi loa ma ka mokupua Spitsbergen, a ʻo nā bea poloa nui loa i noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Bering Sea.
Hoihoi mai e ike! He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike i ka bea polar me kekahi holoholona, ʻoiai he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa: ka hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻāʻihi lōʻihi (ʻā) a me ke poʻo ākea. ʻO ke kala o ke kapa, ma muli o ka manawa o ka makahiki, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia mai ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hiki i kahi papa melemele. Ma ke kānāwai, huli ka hulu i ke kauwela ma muli o ka hōʻike i ka lā.
ʻAʻole huluhulu ka lauoho o nā bea polu no ka hoʻokaʻawale, a ʻo nā lauoho hoʻi pono he ʻano hakahaka. Ma muli o ke ʻano like o ka huluhulu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i ka kukui ultraviolet wale, i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona wela o ka lole o ka holoholona. Ma nā alana o nā wāwae, e ulu pū ka hulu, kahi e hiki ai i ka bea ke holo hilinaʻi ma luna o ka hau maloʻo. Aia nā membranes ma waena o nā manamana lima, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano kahe ʻana o ka polar i ka wai. ʻO nā pua o ka mea nāna e kolo he nui a ikaika loa, no laila hiki i ke kime polū ke hoʻopuni i ka waiwai nui.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana
Hāʻawi ka Natura i ka mahina holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻina hana i nā mea kanu i nā bean polar. Hoʻomaka ka kaʻina hana hoʻoulu i kahi ma waena o ka Pōʻakolu. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻike ʻole ʻoe i nā kāne kāne hoʻokahi, akā ua māhele ʻia nā holoholona ma ke ʻano pālua, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hihia e pili pono ana nā kāne. Noho ka manele no kahi hebedoma akea.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka bea polar
Hāpai ka wahine hānai iā ia i kāna hua e hiki mai ana no ka awelika 8 mau mahina. I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi wahine hānai mai kahi ʻano kīnā ʻole ʻia, akā ʻelua mau mahina ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, lilo ka wahine hānai i ka huhū, hana ʻole a paʻa pinepine i kāna ʻōpū. I loko o kēia manawa, hala ka makemake o ka wahine. E like me ke kānāwai, ua hānau ʻia ʻelua mau mania, akā ma nā wahine primiparous, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub. Hāpai ka ʻōpiopio i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ka lua, kahi e kokoke loa ana i ke kapakai kai e hiki ai.
Ke kūmole o nā cubs
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomoʻi iā lākou iho, no laila ke kāohi ʻia ka bea ma kona ʻaoʻao. Aia nā ʻāpana ma waena o kona mau wāwae a me kona umauma, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻomahana pū iā lākou me ka ʻoluʻolu o kona hanu. ʻO nā pahu i hānau ʻia ʻaʻole kaupaona a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka kilokilo, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o lākou he 25 cm.
Ma ke kānāwai, he makapō nā pēpē a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa paha e hoʻomaka ai lākou e ʻike. Aia i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ke hānai nei ka bear i kāna hua i kahi noho. I ka mahina o Malaki, ua haʻalele nui nā wahine i kā lākou mau papa.I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia nā kūleʻe mai ka lehele e hele pū me ko lākou makuahine i ka lā. No ka pō, hoʻi hou lākou i kā lākou noho. Pāʻani nā keruba a ʻauʻau hoʻi i ka hau.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! ʻO ke ʻano, ma ka 30 pakeneka o nā kūbita a hiki i ka 15 pakeneka o nā ʻōpio, he make ʻole o ka poʻe ʻōpio, he nui ka hopena o ka heluna bear polar.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO kēlā mau mea ʻōiwi nui e like me ka polar bear i hoʻohana ʻole i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ʻo ka kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā ʻiʻo polar e hoʻopilikia wale ana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i make i ka hopena o ka hōʻeha ma muli o ka hōʻeha ʻana i waena o lākou a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana i nā walrus nui, hiki iā lākou ke pana aku i ke kino o ka bear a me ko lākou mau manu. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi e kali, ua make ka polar i ka pōloli.
ʻO ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻenemi keu weliweli loa o nā bea polar, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i kū i ka nūnū ʻākau e like me ʻO Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets no nā kenekulia he nui e ʻimi nei i kēia holoholona a hoʻomau e hana i kēia lā. ʻO ka hana ʻoihana kanaka ke hopena like me ka hopena i ka nui o nā bea polar. I kekahi manawa, luku ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa ma kahi o hoʻokahi mau kauka polar. Ma kahi he hapalua mau haneli i hala aku nei, ua ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia e ʻimi manuahi polar, a ma ka 1965 ua komo i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea e pau mau pilikia.
Hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka
Aia nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana o kēia mea e kau nei ma luna o kahi kanaka, ʻoiai ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi noho o kēia mau holoholona he mea hoʻohewa no nā mea āpau. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ma nā moʻolelo a i ʻole hoʻi e hōʻike, inā hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea iā lākou i, nā mea holo polar. No laila, i nā wahi i ʻike ʻia ai kēia mea kūleʻa, pono ʻoe e neʻe me ka mālama nui. Pono e hana pono i nā kaʻina a pau e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻia nā kūlana i loko o nā hale kanaka a ʻaʻole e hokaʻaka i kahi holoholona pōloli.
I ka hopena
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka bea polar ʻaʻole ia ka mea nui wale nō ka mea nui, akā he holoholona nani a nani hoʻi. Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, i kēia lā ma ke ao nei he mau liʻiliʻi ma mua o 30 tausani mau holoholona, akā like kēia me nā moʻohelu ikaika loa. Ma 2050, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i ka hapakolu. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona ua pā pinepine ʻia e:
- Poaching. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai ke pāpā ʻia ʻana o nā hana a me nā helu palekana, ke hana nei ka poʻi i kāna hana haumia. A ʻo nā mea āpau no nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻāpana o nā bea polar (ʻoi aʻe ma ka mākeke ʻōmaʻomaʻo) he mea maʻalahi loa ia. No laila, ʻaʻole i kāpae ʻia kekahi mau poʻi e nā ana hana a me nā kānāwai e manaʻo ana e mālama i kēia holoholona no kā mākou poʻe mamo.
- Hoʻomehana o ka honua. ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka noiʻi, ke hoʻoheheʻe nei ka uhi o ka hau i ka ʻAkiki i kēlā me kēia lā. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻAmelika, i nā makahiki he e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka wahi o ka hau o ka Arctic, ʻo ia ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā bea polar, e hoʻemi ʻia paha e ka 40 pakeneka. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia i kēia manawa i ka liʻiliʻi o kēia maʻa he 25 pakeneka, ʻoiai he nui nā mea ʻepekema e manaʻo nei he mau mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa kēia.
- Hoʻopilikia ke kūlohelohe. ^ E Ha yM. He hana maoli kēia kaʻina hana a kū i ke kai a me nā kahakai o ka Arctic. Hiki i ka komo ʻana i nā make pesticides, radionuclides, nā huahana kīʻahū wahie, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā metala kaumaha, nā wahie a me nā lubricants, ka ʻaila, etc. I nā huaʻōlelo'ē aʻe, ua pili pono ka hoʻohaumia o ka wahi a puni ʻo Arctic i ke ola o ke kanaka. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻo ka wānana polar he mea lōʻihi i ka wā lōʻihi, a laila ʻike kona kino i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea ponoʻole i nā mea he nui i nā makahiki.
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kūlana, ua akaka: ke kue kahi kanaka hopohopo i ke ʻano, i nā ʻano he maikaʻi ʻole ma luna ona, kahi ʻeha o ka holoholona holoholona. No kekahi kumu, ʻaʻohe noʻonoʻo ke kanaka e pili ʻo ia i ka laina. Ke hoʻomake ʻole nei i ka nūnū, make ʻo ia iā ia iho.
Mua o na ʻano
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polar bear mai ka bear brown ma kahi o 45-150 tausani mau makahiki i hala, aia paha ma ke kahe o Ireland o modern. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka polar mai ko lākou kūpuna maʻamau me ka bear bear brown 338-9934 mau makahiki i hala aku nei (he awelika o 600 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ʻo 100-120 mau tausani i hala aku nei ma muli o ka keʻa ʻana o nā hua liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou. nā pua ākea āpau i hānau ʻia nā pōpoki.
ʻO ka hala o nā polar a me nā bea enaena i hala ma kahi lōʻihi, ma muli o 2% (i kekahi mau lehulehu, mai 5 a 10%) nā mea akea a nā mea poloa a loaʻa i ka nui o ka huaʻala brown. Ua hoʻohua nā hua polar a me nā bea polū i nā hua kanu, no laila ua like lākou like me ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola no ka lōʻihi o nā nolo o nā mea ʻē aʻe; ua like lākou i nā ʻano morphology, metabolism, nā ʻano pilikino, nā meaʻai, a me nā ʻano e like me nā ʻano like ʻole.
Kāleka
ʻO ka polar bear ka mea i koho nui ʻia o ka ʻohana bear a me kahi kauoha o mua. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i ka 3 m, ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 1 t. Kahi ma ke kau pinepine ʻana he 450-500 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 200-250 cm. ʻO nā wahine wahine ka liʻiliʻi iki (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo 130-150 cm. Loaʻa nā ʻūʻī liʻiliʻi loa ma Svalbard, ka nui loa - ma ka Kai Bering.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bean polar mai nā ʻalani ʻē aʻe e ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke poʻo ākea. ʻEleʻele kona ʻili. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu i ka keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele, i ke kauwela hiki ke huli i ka melemele ma muli o ka ʻike mau o ka lā. Hōʻele ka lauoho lauoho o ka lākā, a he ulaula nā lauoho. Hoʻolahalaha wale nā lau hulu lōkuhi i nā hihi ultraviolet, e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai wela o ka huluhulu. I ka kiʻi ʻana o ka ultraviolet, ʻike ʻia ke aniani polar. Ma muli o ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lauoho, hiki i ke aniani ke kuʻi i ka manawa "huli i ʻō" ʻehā. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka mahana wela (ma nā zoos), i ka wā i hōʻiholo ʻia ai nā makika mikroskopili i loko o ka hulu.
ʻO nā ʻīhā o nā wāwae i kahuhiluhi ʻia me ka huluhulu i ʻole e hoʻopoka i ka hau a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu. Ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membrane kauʻau, a ʻo ka mua o nā wāwae ua ʻaloli ʻia me nā bristles ikaika. Hiki i nā ʻōiwi nui ke kāohi i ka waiwai pio.
Kālā
Noho ia ma nā ʻāpana rotumpolar ma ka ʻākau ʻākau o ka Honua.
E māhele ʻia ana i ka circumpolarly, i ke ʻākau - a hiki i 88 ° C. w lu. , ke kūkulu hema - a hiki i Newfoundland, ma ka ʻāina nui - i ka wao Arctic i ka zona tundra. Ma ka Russian Federation, noho lākou ma Chukotka Autonomous Region ma ke kahakai ʻo Arctic, a me ka wai o nā Chukchi a me Bering Seas. ʻO ka nui o nā kaona polar Chukchi ka nui o ka honua.
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
Noho ʻo ia ke kai kūleʻa a me ka wai paʻa, kahi e noho ai ma ka mea nui i loaʻa i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia: ka hōʻailona paʻa, ka lepona moana, walrus a me nā holoholona moana. Puhi aku ʻo ia iā lākou, ma ke ana mai ka hope o nā pā, a i ʻole nā lua; i ka manawa e hū ai ka holoholona i kona poʻo mai ka wai, ʻā ka ʻūlani me ke kīpē a huki iā ia i ka hau. ʻO kekahi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka papaʻi hau ma lalo o nā mea i ʻike ai ma lalo. Hiki ke mālama ʻia Walrus ma luna o ka ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi manawa i ka lawehala beluga i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka hau ma ka hau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻai ʻo ia i ka ʻili a me nā momona, ke koena o ke kalōni - wale nō i ka hihia o ka pōloli nui. ʻO nā koena o ka waiwai pio e ʻai i nā ʻalopeke. I kekahi manawa, koho i ka ʻumi, nā lemmings, nā iʻa make, nā hua a me nā ʻōpio, hiki ke ʻai i ka mauʻu a me ka ʻōpala, ʻai i nā ʻōpala i nā wahi i kahi ʻia. ʻIke ʻia nā ala o ka ʻaihue i nā hale ʻai meaʻai o ka polar expeditions. Mai ka hopu ʻia, loaʻa ka polar bear i ka nui o ka huaora A, e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o kāna ona.
Hana ia nā neʻe i ka manawa me ka loli o ka makahiki i ka palena o ka hau polar: i ke kauwela ua kiʻi hou ia i ka pou me lākou, i ka hoʻoilo ka neʻe i ka hema, ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina. ʻOiai ka mālama polar i mālama nui ʻia ma ke kahakai a me ka hau, i ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke moe ma kahi lua ma ka ʻāina a i nā mokupuni, i kekahi manawa 50 km mai ke kai.
Hōʻalo nā wahine hāpai i ka wā hānau i nā lā 50-80. Nā pōkole a me nā wahine wa kauwela no ka manawa pōkole a ʻaʻohe makahiki.
ʻOiai ka moʻo ʻana o ka lohi, ʻike ʻia nā bea polū a me ka wikiwiki ma ka ʻāina, a maʻalahi e ʻauʻau a hoʻoilo i ka wai. Mālama loa ke kapa koʻikoʻi a pale i ka kino o ka bea mai ka hoʻoilo a hoʻoilo i ka wai hau. Ke ʻano nui i hana koʻikoʻi e ka layer ikaika o ka momona subcutaneous a hiki i ka 10 cm mānoanoa. Kōkua ke keʻokeʻo e hoʻonoho ai i ka mea nāna e hana. Maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻono, ka lohe a me ka ʻike - hiki i ka lālani ke ʻike i kāna mea i loaʻa no kekahi mau kilomita, ʻo ke kaula hōʻailona hoʻi e hiki ke honi no 800 m, a, ʻo ka hele pololei ʻana ma mua o kāna pūnana, lohe ʻo ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana ʻana. Wahi a nā memoir o Vice Admiral A.F.Smelkov, kahi kolamu lawena lawaiʻa e alualu ʻia e kahi submarine e hiki ke holo i ka 3,5 knots (kokoke i 6.5 km / h). Nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka moa kau he 685 km, lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma ke Kai ʻo Beaufort e kahi bear, kauʻau mai Alaska a i ka ʻūlani no ka ʻikepili no nā kuhi hopu. I loko o kāna kaukau ʻeiwa lā no ke kau ʻana, ua nalowale ʻo ka be bear i kāna mau makahiki heʻumi makahiki a nalowale 20%. Nānā ka neʻe o ka holoholona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi beacon GPS pili i ia.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO nā holoholona hoʻokahi. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua maluhia lākou e pili ana kekahi i kekahi, akā ke kūlohelohe ʻia nei ma waena o nā kāne i ka wā o ka hoʻomoe. ʻaʻole kumu i hōʻike ʻia 1095 mau lā ]. Hiki i nā kāne pākeke ke hoʻouka i nā cubs.
Laki mai Malaki a Iune. ʻO 3-4 nā kāne maʻamau e hahai i ka wahine ma estrus. I ka mahina o ʻOkakopa, ʻoka nā wahine i ka lua i nā kahakai hau kahakai. Loaʻa nā bears i nā wahi punahele kahi e hōʻuluʻulu nui ʻia ai nā pēpē, no ka laʻana, e pili ana. ʻO Wrangel a i ʻole Franz Josef Land, aia kahi 150-200 mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho wale ʻo Bears i nā lairs aia i ka waena o Nowemapa, i ka wā i pau ai ke ʻano o ka wā hapai. ʻO nā manawa āpau o ka hāpai ʻana he 230-250 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā kūleʻa i ka waenakonu a i ʻole ka pau o ka hoʻoilo o Arctic. Noho ka wahine ma ka ʻōpū a hiki i ʻApelila.
He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kolohe: ʻo ka wahine mua ka hānau ʻana i nā keiki i ka makahiki 4-8 mau makahiki, hānau ʻana hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki a he 1-3 mau keiki i loko o ka litter, no laila e hūnā ʻole i ka 10-15 cubs i loko o kona ola. ʻAʻohe nā keiki i hala ʻole, e like me nā kāmera a pau, a he nui ka 450 a 750 g. Noho nā cubs me ia a hiki i ka 1,5 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa a pau ka hānai iā lākou me ka waiū. Aia ka make ma waena o nā cubs i ka 10-30%.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ola he lōʻihi o 25-30 mau makahiki, ma ka lawe pio ʻana i kahi palapala o ke lōʻihi lōʻihi he 45 mau makahiki. Hiki i nā polar polar ke hoʻopiʻi me ka brown a hāʻawi i kahi ulu pono (hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hua) nā huaʻai - nā polar grizzlies.
ʻĀina waiwai
ʻO ka poʻe noho o ka Arctic, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Eskimos, loaʻa i ka beahi polar no ke kino o ka ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo. Ma Lūkia, ua pāpā loa ʻia ka hopu ʻana iā ia mai ka makahiki 1956, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe (USA, Canada a me Greenland) i palena ʻole. No ka laʻana, nā pākana no ka hana kihi polar ma nā wahi āpau o Kānana ma Nunavut penei: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 mau mea kū hoʻokahi . ^ E Ha yM.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
Kānā ʻia ka polar bear ma ka International Red Book a ma loko o ka Red Book of Russia. ʻO ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻouluʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio e maʻalahi kēia mau holoholona.
Mai ka makahiki 1957, ma ke kauoha a ka 'Aha Kuhina o nā Kuhina o ka RSFSR, ua hoʻokō' ia ka pāpā 'ana i ka hana o nā bea polar. Ma ka mokupuni o Wrangel i ka makahiki 1960, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pā hale, hana hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1976 i loko o ka Wrangel Island State Reserve.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua helu ʻia ka heluna kanaka (ma ka honua) he 20,000-255,000 kanaka.
Ma ka 2008, me ke kākoʻo o ke Aupuni Lūkia, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma luna o nā papahana e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻana o nā holoholona ʻai ʻehā a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka mea nui o ka Lūkini, me ka papahana Polar Bear. Mai 2010, ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ka Russian Geographical Society.
Ma Lūkia, aia he 5-7 tausani mau polona polar, a ʻo ke ʻano pana kai poʻi makahiki he 150 a i 200 mau kanaka. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o Dixon, ua pau iki ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka polar bear. I ka wā ʻo Pleistocene, ma kahi o 100 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kao nunui o ka puhulu puaʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui.
Ma 2013, ua koho ʻia ka nui o nā bea polū ma Lūkini e 5-6 tausani kanaka. Ma hope o 2018, ua hoʻolālāʻia e mālama i kahi moʻo piha piha o nā bea polū ma Rusia.
Hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe
ʻIke ʻia nā kuʻuna polar e kūʻē i nā kānaka mai nā moʻolelo a me nā hōʻike o nā mea huakaʻi polar. No laila, ua komo pinepine ʻia nā mea i komo i ka polar holomua wali Waleman Willem Barents, i ko lākou hoʻoilo i Novaya Zemlya i Nowemapa 1596 - Mei 1597
Hoʻololi i nā wahi i kahi pilikia o ka bea, pono ia me ka akahele. I nā pae ʻana o kēlā mau wahi e pono ai kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻāina e hiki ai ke maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai i nā waʻa.
Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Churchill ma ka moku kolona o Manitoba, kahi e noho ai nā bea polar he nui, he hale paʻahao kūikawā no ka mālama ʻana i nā waʻa kau e kokoke ana i ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻohewa i ka poʻe noho.
Ma ka moʻomeheu
Ma mua he mea nui a ikaika ka poʻe pōʻino, i kekahi manawa pōʻino i ka poʻe, ua lilo ka lōʻihi poli i mea hoʻohanohano i ka moʻomeheu o waena o nā kānaka kīwē o ke Akau. Ma nā hana i noi ʻia i loko o nā Chukchi - ka hana kālai kiʻi ʻana ma ka iwi a me nā leona walrus - ʻo kekahi o nā mea punahele punahele i ka hana koa o ka mea hoʻokani pila. umka.
I loko o nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻomeheu o ka Eskimos, nā bear bear nanook ʻO ia nō hoʻi kahi kikoʻī o nā ʻano mana ikaika o ke ʻano, i ka hui kū a me ke kanaka ʻōpala a ke kīwīwī i ke kīwaha, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia manaʻo o ka Eskimos e pili ana i ka bear polar ma ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻAmelika ʻo Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."
I ka moʻolelo ʻo Lea Geraskina "Ma ka'āina aʻoi ʻole i aʻo ʻia," nui ka hana a ka polar i ka mea nui. Ua nalo aku ʻo ia i ka Pona Akau ma muli o ka kuhi hewa ʻana o Vitya Perestukin i kapa ʻia nā ʻona ʻino. Ma ka hopena hope, i kapa pololei ʻo Victor i nā ʻāpana ʻino, ua hoʻi ka bear i ka Pole ʻĀkau.
ʻO Danmmons's science fiction novel Terror, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma USA i ka makahiki 2007, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke koʻolau e hopohopo nei i ka holo mua ʻana o John Franklin (1845–1848). Tuunbak - ka pua ʻaanisa keu he lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 4 mika a keu ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana.
Nā helu heluʻomika
- Hōʻike ka pōkole makua i ka wai hau hamo hoʻoneʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kua o ke kālā Kanada ma nā hōkū he $ 2. (ka hoʻopulapula kālā ʻana mai Pepeluali 19, 1996 a hiki i kēia wā).
- Ua kiʻi ʻia ke kiʻi o ka waikani pālua ma luna o ka papa wai i hala ma kekahi o nā kuʻina kālā kālā i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka ʻauhau ma Alaska. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka papa hana me ke kiʻi o kahi hana crizzly i lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa i lanakila (ua holo ʻia ke kālā mai ʻAkake 23, 2008 a hiki i kēia manawa).
- Aia ke kiʻi o kahi beahi polar a me kahi bea Teddy i loaʻa nā kālā o 5 euro (keleawe keleawe a me nā kala kālā). Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā kālā kālā ma ka makahiki o ka Austrian Mint.
"Umka" ma Chukchi ʻo ia ka huaa, a, ʻoi aku paha, he "makua kāne male polar bear"
Halepule
- ʻO Umka (ʻeka keokeo keʻokeʻo) - ke ʻano kahakaha "Umka", "ʻimi ʻo Umka i kahi hoaaloha" a me "Umka ma ka lāʻau Kalikimaka." Hōʻike pū ʻia i loko o nā ʻokika "Elka a me ke Star Postman" a me "Elka", i mea he ʻano kekua o ke kanaka a he makua kāne o ka protagonist.
- ʻO Elka - kahi keokeo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ke ʻano o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Elka a me ka Star Postman" a me "Elka", kahi moopuna o Umka.
- Ke Kokeo (keokeo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo) i ka paʻi kiʻi "Mi-mi-bears." Mai ka ʻĀina ʻĀkau. Hōʻailona, kūpono, aloha i ke ʻano a mālama pono i kona mālama.
- ʻO ka Polar Bear ke kiʻi nui i ka paʻi kiʻi Pelekane ma 1998, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka puke a nā keiki eponymous e Raymond Briggs.
- I ka pakuhi "Ma The Country of Unlearned Lessons" e kū mai ka polar bear. E like me ka moʻolelo, nalowale ʻo ia i ka Pole Akau. Akā inā ma loko o ka moʻolelo ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ka bea, a laila ma ke kiʻi paʻi ke ʻike hoʻokahi wale nō kāna. Eia kekahi, i ka pakuhi, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka bear e hoʻi i ka Pole ʻĀkau.
- ʻO Yorek Birnison kekahi polar bear kaulike mai ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni The Golden Compass, kiʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka Philip Pulman trilogy Dark Startnings.
- Bernard - kahi bear polar, ke ʻano o ka hanana animated "Bernard".
- Keokeo (Ice bear) - ke ʻano o ka hana i ka animated Ke kū i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa e pili ana i nā bea.