Ua lohe ʻia ka hapa nui o ka poʻe o ko mākou ʻāina i ka inoa ʻo "swallowtail". ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano pālima i nā mea he nui. Eia paha kekahi mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i nā inoa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hau nui ʻana o ka nui o ka pepeiao. ʻO ke kumu paha he nani loa kēia kanaka a he nui ia. Ma kekahi mau'āina, ua kākau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Book, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka hunowtail.
Ua loaʻa i kona inoa ʻo Swallowtail butterfly kona inoa mai ka mea hoʻohana olakino maoli ʻo Carl Linnaeus. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka auhau o ka honua holoholona. I ka ʻike ʻana o Linnaeus i kēia, a laila ʻike ʻole ʻia, ka ʻōpala, ua kapa ʻo ia i ka inoa o ke keiki a ʻAesculapius Machaon, ke kaukaʻi kaulana ʻo Trojan Trojan, nāna i hoʻopakele i nā ola kanaka he nui a me ka hoʻēmi i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka poʻe. Swallowtail - he ʻelele nui o ke kauoha ʻo Lepidoptera. Nā poʻe pili i ka ʻohana o nā moku holo moku.
Ka Lāpule Swallowtail: Wehewehe
Swallowtail aia ma kahi o 37 mau subspecies. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka papahele o kahi pōpō me kona mau ʻēheu lā. I nā kāne, mai 65 a 80 mm, i nā wahine - mai 75 a 95 mm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke e hele i 9 kenimika. He mea palupalu nā ʻēheu Kukupele, pōʻai, wavy. Nui loa a liuliu nā Machaons a noho pinepine ʻole ke noho lōʻihi ma kahi hoʻokahi. ʻOiai inā lākou e ʻai, kani pinepine lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu a ʻōpī paha e haʻalele koke.
ʻO ka ʻalopeke palaweka, kahi kiʻi e ʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala, nani loa. A ʻaʻole wale nō nā pākeke. Ma muli o kona kala, ʻoiai nā mele e hoihoi i ka makaʻala. He mālamalama a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.
ʻO ka antennae o ka pulu (e like me ka lā a pau o ka lā) e like me nā māka. Eono nā wāwae i ulu maikaʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole pili pono nā lehelehe i ka ʻōpū, no ka mea he mākiki liʻiliʻi a me nā "ʻili" i loko (elongated outgrowths).
Me ke kumu, he melemele ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka waihoʻoluʻu, me ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele e holo ana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao (mua) nā ʻēheu o ka ʻūpī he mau ʻula like ia a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi. A ma ke kua - nā kaulahao o nā kaila uliuli uliuli. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻēheu i nā ʻāpana ma ke kala ʻōuli ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka palaka o nā kauwela kauwela ma mua o ka pūnāwai.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kuhi: Kukulu Swallowtail
Nā Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Papilio nā ka moku ʻo Sailboats (mai lat. Papilionidae). Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻano e ka Swedish naturalist ma 1758 e Karl Liney. Ua hōʻike ka lāʻau olaola i ka hua manu i mea e hoʻohanohano ai i ka mea lapaʻau Helene kahiko ʻo Machaon, he lāʻau lapaʻau hou, hoʻokūkū, a kaua no ka poʻe Helene ma ke kaua Trojan (1194 BC). ʻO ke kauka ke keiki a Asclepius (ke akua ho'ōla) a ʻo Epiona.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: aia kahi kaʻao i hoʻōla ai ʻo Dr. Machaon i nā koa i hōʻeha ʻia i nā kaua. I ke kaua no Troy, ua komo ʻo ia e hopu i ka lima a me ka puʻuwai o Elena the Beautiful. Eia naʻe, i kona make ʻana i kekahi o nā kaua, ua lilo kona ʻuhane i loko o kahi pīpī melemele maikaʻi me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele ma luna o kona eheu.
No ka mea ua laulā ka nui o ka ʻano o ka hunowtail, a hiki i ka 37 subspecies o ka ʻūlū ka ʻokoʻa. Ka mea maʻamau ma waena o lākou:
- ʻAulana - hema o Siberia,
- ʻSlelo Usururiensis - ʻAmelika Huakai a me Primorye,
- Hippocrates - Iapana, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands,
- ʻO Amurensis - kahi waena o ka waena a me lalo o Amur,
- Asiatica - Yakutia Central,
- Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka,
- Hoʻokomo - ʻĀpilikia ʻEulopa, Caucasus,
- Aliaska - ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa,
- Brutannicus Seitz - United Kingdom,
- Centralis - ka ʻĀsia Caucasian o ke Kai Caspian, ka ʻĀpana Caspian, ka ʻaoʻao Valley,
- Muetingi - Elbrus,
- ʻAmaikaʻi - Suria.
Aia kekahi mau subspecies, akā, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka nui o lākou, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano hanana wale nō e like me nā mea nominative. ʻO ka hilinaʻi o ke kala o nā ʻiwi i ka mahana, ʻaʻole ʻae ka poʻe ʻauhau i ka manaʻo i ka manaʻo o ka hopena, ma muli o ke ʻano mau ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma kēia kumuhana. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa, he like ia o ka hiʻohiʻona me ka moku Corsican ma ke ʻano holo moku ʻo Aleksanor.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Ke aniani a nani hoʻi ke kala o ka huneleka - melemele a beige paha. Ma luna o kahi mea hoʻohālike o nā laina ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ka nui o ke kino i ka 10 kenimika ma nā wahine a ʻo 8 i nā kāne. ʻO nā ʻēheu mai 6 a 10 paha kenimika, ma muli o nā subspecies. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o waho o nā ʻēheu kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana kala.
I nā lehe hind elongated i kākole i pili ʻole i ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 10 kekelē. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻēheu e hohola ʻia e nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula. Aia ma loko o nā ʻēheu he 'maka ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopau ke ola i ka 24 lā.
Wikiō: Paʻa Pulu Hulu
Hoʻokomo nā ʻalemua i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā pali ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā kala ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino i ka wā hānau ma kahi o 2 kekelē. Ma ka māhele prothoracic, aia kahi aniani i kahi ʻano ulu like ʻole e hana ʻia ana nā "pepe".
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: "Horn" lawelawe i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Hoʻopū i ka hao i kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki maikaʻi ʻole e hōʻaʻa aku i nā poʻe predator. Hoʻonila ʻia nā lā nui o nā lā nui. Ua hoʻohilahila lākou iā lākou iho me he huhū manu a i ʻole ka huki ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā manu.
Hiki ke hina hina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka pipi. E mau ana ka hanauna hope i ke ʻano o ka haumana. Hoʻokomo kahi pākeke i ka pūnāwai, ke hala aku nei nā hana āpau. ʻO ka hapalua mua ko lākou maloʻo i nā ʻēheu a lele, a laila lele ka pōʻai a puni kēia wahi.
No laila mākou i paʻi ai He aha ke ʻano o ka pōkulu palaʻai. ^ E Ha yM. E ʻike pono ma kahi e noho ai ka Lāpule Swallowtail.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka pōlī manu.
Kuhi: Kukulu Swallowtail
Noho kēlā ʻōiwi ma kahi o nā kihi o ka Honua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai i nā pōpoki ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau, ma ka hema o India, ma ʻArau ʻAkaukau, ma nā mokupuni o ka ʻĀina Eulopa, a hiki ma ʻAsia, i ʻEnelani, a noho wale nā māla i nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻo Norfolk a me ka ʻāina e kahe ana mai ka moana Arctic a hiki i ke Kaiʻula.
Kukulu manu hiki ke noho ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia kaiapuni, kūpono kēlā me kēia aniani. Ua hālāwai me kekahi pōpoki ma nā kuahiwi o Tibet ma ke kiʻekiʻe he 4,500 mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻO kēlā pālahalaha pālahalaha ākea a alakaʻi i kahi papa ākea nui o nā subspecies.
E aloha ana nā pepeke i nā wahi ākea, no laila e makemake lākou i nā kīhāpai, nā kihi nahele, nā anuʻu, nā māla, nā māka e i nā kūlanakauhale no ka hoʻohaumia. Hiki i nā māka ke lele i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2,5 a 4 mau mika. No ka manawa lōʻihi i ka mea kanu ʻaʻole lākou e lihi, no laila ua kapa ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe iā lākou he mau huaʻai pehu.
Ma ka ʻākau o ka puni ʻana o kēia mau mea nani e ʻike i ke kauwela, ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema i hūnā ʻia nā ʻano a hiki mai Mei a Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Lepidoptera ʻaʻole e hele, akā e noho no ka hoʻoilo ma ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōpala nui i nā ʻāina i lulu ʻia me nā kāloti, nā hua caraway, fennel, a me ka kumo.
ʻOi aku ka hemahema ʻo Orientis i ke ʻano hema, makemake nui ʻo Asiatica i ka ʻākau, ua koho ʻo Gorganus i ka mahana ʻoluʻolu. He punahele ʻo Brutannicus i nā ʻōpala lūlū, aʻo ka poʻe Centralis a me Rustaveli i koho i nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka laulā, koho ke ʻike i nā wahi ʻāpana me ka nui o nā kala.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka helehelena
No ka Lepidoptera ka mea maʻamau, mai ka ʻohana Sailing. Ma ka huli ʻana, ʻoi aku kēia ʻano holoholona ma mua o 35 subspecies. Kukūlū manu
- kāne kāne - 6.6-8 cm,
- wahine - 7.5-9.5 cm.
ʻO ka pale he iʻe a nani. E like me nā iniseti āpau, he 6 mau wāwae o kona mau wāwae. ʻĀnō ke kala i ka kala kūluna. Holo ke kaula ʻeleʻele ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma nā ʻēheu mua he mau ʻāpana o nā kala like.
Ma nā ʻēheu hind, ʻaʻole i kokoke i ka ʻōpū ma muli o ka uhi ʻana i kahi kīkaha kūikawā, aia nā māuli polūʻeleʻele. ʻUlaʻula nā ʻōlelo o ke ʻao. ʻO nā kukupa i hānau ʻia i ka pūnāwai he ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o nā mea kauwela.
He aha kahi eʻai ai ka pipi palu?
Aia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lālani, hoʻomaka koke ka ʻeke i ka lau o ka mea kanu i kau ʻia ai ka hua manu. Mālama nui nā huaʻai i mea e mālama pono ai, e hana ana i kahi pono o ka ikaika o kēia manawa. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ka lilo i nā ʻano umbrella i mau meaʻai no nā ʻano o ke ala waena, e like me:
- Piolo,
- Dill,
- Alaʻala,
- Hoʻokomo (ʻūleʻa maʻamau a maʻamau paha),
- Hogweed,
- Butene
- Kaikaikole
- Prangos
- Gorichnik
- Ilima,
- ʻOki ʻoki,
- Melia,
- ʻEha
- ʻOki ʻoki,
- ʻO Girchovnitsa.
Noho ka poʻe o nā wahi ʻē aʻe i nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana rutov - ka lehu fluffy, Amur velvet, nā ʻano like ʻole o nā lau maʻamau, pūpū pua: wormwood, Birch: Maximovich alder, Japanese alder. Ma ka hopena o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka makemake o ka ʻōpala a ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻai.
Hoʻohana nā ʻōpio i nā nectar, e like me ka nui o kekahi mau kīnaha, mahalo no ko lākou proboscis ʻeleʻele lōʻihi. ʻAʻole lākou i wikiwiki me ka ʻai e like me nā anuu, no laila ke koho nei lākou i nā mea kanu umbrella wale nō. E ʻike ana i ka meaʻai no lākou iho, ke kipa aku nei nā māla i nā pua like ʻole.
No ka makua, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka meaʻai, pono wale nō lākou ka puna o ka nectar pua, a hemo nō ko lākou mau makewai me ka hau o ke kakahiaka. Loaʻa i ka Lepidoptera nā mea i loaʻa i nā kiʻina āpau e pono ai e mālama i kahi mea liʻiliʻi mai ka lepo i loaʻa ka paʻakai, a i ʻole nā huahana waiwai ʻole o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Ma ka nahele, he nui nā wahi ʻenemi. ʻO nā manu, nā ʻoliva, nā spider e noʻonoʻo ʻole e ʻai i kahi nani a fluttering. Ma ka home, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā loio. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipi i nā mahina ʻelua o hope. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā lā kikoʻī kūikawā i ka mea pili.
Hoʻokomo kahi wahine ʻalemena pua i kā hua melemele ma lalo o nā lau o nā mea kanu. Noho ke kupu pōkole i nā hebedoma ʻekolu, i kēlā me kēia lā e kau ana i nā hua he 2-3 no ka hoʻokokoke hoʻokahi. Ehia ka hopena e waiho ai ka wahine i nā hua no kona ola pōkole holoʻokoʻa he paʻakikī ka helu, akā ʻoi paha ʻaʻole e emi a hoʻokahi kaukani.
Kūkulu ʻia nā hua kanu mai nā hua i ʻelua mau hanauna. ʻO ka poʻe i hānau ʻia ma ka lā Mei-Iune - ʻo ia ka poʻe mua i hānau ʻia ma ka hopena o ke kauwela - ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, ua pili nā hua lua.
Me ka ʻōpū, ua kūlohelohe ka ʻōpala, ua hele a pehu ke kinikini hele i ke kino, ua nalowale nā appendages, a lilo nā mea i waiho wale i nā wahi ʻulaʻula. Kālele aku kahi anuhe i kēia mea kanu i noho ai.
ʻO kā Pupae o ka hanauna mua he kukui pale o ka ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aeleʻeleʻele ka lua o ka hanauna, he pohō ka nui o kā lākou pupae, hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i ka anu a me ka hau. ʻO nā mea like i loko o ke kaana o ka pupa i hoʻolālā ʻia e ola ai i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā kukupa mai ka pupae o ka hui mua e kū mai i nā lā 15-20, e ulu aʻe kā lākou mau kaikaina i kekahi mau mahina.
E noho mākou ma luna o ka wehewehe o ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pōlulu pua i ka home. I mea e like me kēia nani e kiʻi a kanu hoʻi i kou hale, pono ʻoe:
- akuahi a i ʻole terrarium paha, ma ka wikiwiki o 10 l o ka uila no kēlā me kēia 5 mau mele
- kahi pahu liʻiliʻi me kahi wai, kahi e waiho ai ka dill no ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻeneki,
- lālā no ka huki ʻana o ka uka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke kiʻi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail
Hōʻike ka hana pōʻaiola iā ia iho i ke ao. Hoʻolālā lākou i nā pua i pua wale i ka lā. Noho wale nō o nā pākeke i hoʻokahi mau hebedoma a, ma hope o ka lohi a (kāne) a kau i nā hua (nā wahine), make nā māla. Noho ke kauwela o ke kauwela mai Mei a Iune a me Iulai-ʻAukake; hiki ke hālāwai i nā subspecies hema i Kepakemapa.
He nui nā mea ʻoi loa nā Machaons. ʻOiai e hānai ana i ke nectar, ʻaʻole lākou e pīpī i ko lākou mau ʻēheu i holo e lele hou i kekona. Hoʻonui ka poʻe kūlohelohe i ka lele i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a noho i nā wahi māla, nā māla māla, nā waiwai i nā mea kanu pua.
E ʻike i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ke ola a me kahi kahi me ka waihona forage maikaʻi, ua mākaukau nā māpuna e holo i kahi mamao. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e lawe i ʻelua mau hanauna i ke ola, ma ke ʻākau o ka pā - kahi hoʻokahi, ma ke kūkulu hema - a hiki i ka ʻekolu. Hāpai ka poʻeʻelemakule me ka hoʻolaha a ho'āʻo e ʻimi i kahi hoa i ka hiki.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: nā kōmua lāʻau o kēia ʻano he mana kupaianaha hoihoi. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka lau mai ka ʻaoʻao. I ke komo ʻana i ka vein i waena, neʻe lākou i ka ʻaoʻao aʻe. Loaʻa koke lākou i ka paona. Akā, ʻo ka hiki ʻana aku i kahi haumāna, ua pau ka ulu. Pono nā ʻona i ka ʻona no ka lele a me ka hana hou.
Mea ʻai
Pehea e hānai ai i nā ʻōpala, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, i kēia manawa kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā mea ʻai ʻano eʻai ai. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻai nā pepeke i nā nectar. Hoʻokumu i kahi like o ia ʻano meaʻai no ia - ʻoki i kahi ʻākala a i ʻole nā hua ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e pehu, a haʻalele.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ke kaʻina hana ma luna, no laila e hoʻāʻo ʻoe i kahi koho ʻē aʻe. E hoʻohemo i 2 mau tīpoki o ka meli i loko o kahi aniani o ka wai maʻemaʻe, noho paʻa. E ninini i ka nectar kūlohelohe i loko o kahi kīʻaha a pāpaʻa ʻole. E mālama maikaʻi me kou ukana i luna a kau aku ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kīʻaha, a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau. E kāʻei i kāna proboscis me kahi pūwele lahilahi a kāpī i loko o ka nectar.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: Caterpillar Butallfly Swallowtail
ʻOiai ka hele ʻana o ka helehelena i ka liʻiliʻi o ka machaons e noho wale ai, hoʻomaka wale nā hua hānau i ʻimi i kahi hoa. Loaʻa nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi ma o ka hana o pheromone, lākou e hāloi ai i loko o ke kaiapuni.
I loko o kona wā pōkole, ua noho ka wahine e waiho i nā hua 100-200. I kēlā me kēia alahele, e waiho ana i ka 2-3 spherical hua o ka melemele ʻulaʻula kukui ma lalo o nā lau a i ʻole ma luna o nā mea kanu. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, eʻeleʻele nā hua a hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i ke ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻokomo ʻo nā wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu ma nā lau like ʻole o ka mea kanu e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻai no nā pōpoki hānau hou. Ma hope o nā lā 8-10, ʻo ka honu lākole, kahi mea mua e hoʻomaka ai i ka 'ai. I ka makahiki o 7 mau hebedoma, pili ke keiki puaʻa me kahi kaula siliki i ka ulu o ka mea kanu, ka lā hope o ka molt a me nā haumāna kahi.
E noho ana ka pupae no ka 2-3 mau pule, ma hope o ko lākou huli ʻana i kahi pōpoki makua. I loko o ka paʻi kokone, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea i loko o ka uka, i hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o nā kaila o ka pākeke. Ua like ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ke kino o kona kino i loko o kahi kelu.
ʻO ka pupae kauwela he laula nui, he brown nā mea hoʻoilo. E lilo ka pipi i ka papa o ka haumana a hiki i ka lā mahana mua. Ke kalapu ke kalo wai, hānau ʻia kahi mea nani. No kekahi manawa noho ke mokumoku i ka lā a hoʻomaloʻo i kona mau ʻēheu lele, ma hope o ia i huli aku ai e ʻimi i ka ʻai a me ka hoa.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO ka manawa waena o ʻAukake ka manawa makemake nui loa ia no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻaʻole eʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o ʻelua kenimita.
Pono nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka kumulāʻau. Ma hope o nā lā 15-20, e lawa pono ia a mākaukau no ka pupation. Me ka ulu ʻana, e loli ka ʻili. Mai hopohopo i kēia mea, ʻo kēia nā hopena maʻamau o ka molting.
Ma hope o nā lā 15-20, hiki i ka uka ke hoʻopau ʻana i ka hānai a hoʻomaka e huli i kahi lālā no ka pupation. Ke loaʻa ka uka i ka lālā i makemake ʻia, ua paʻa pono ʻia ia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. I kēia kūlana, e piha ana i ʻelua mau lā, ka molting a me ka pupation i pinepine pinepine i ka pō. Puka mai kahi pupa mai kahi kohu i kulu ʻia. I kēia manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka chrysalis me kahi lālā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna i loko o ka friji.
ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe pehea e noho ai ka machaon i ka hihiu a pehea e hoʻoulu ai ia i ka home. ʻO nā mahele āpau o luna, me ka nānā mua, he maʻalahi maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻoholo ʻoe e koho i ka hua ʻai pōlohi iā ʻoe iho me ka leʻaleʻa, a he mea ʻole ia iā ʻoe kahi e hoʻomaka ai, e hoʻāʻo kau i ka hawthorn ma hoʻomaka. ʻAʻole kēia o nā pepeke maikaʻi loa, a koi ʻole ke koi, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka machaon.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻōpū manu kīwī
Kuhi: Kukulu Swallowtail
I nā pae a pau o ke ola, ua pilikia ka inika. Hiki i ka ʻolua Swallowtail ke lilo i meaʻai o nā arachnids, nā manu, nā ʻalā, nā holoholona inʻinā, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻōpili i loko o ka uka a i ʻole hāmama paha nā wahi āpau. Manaʻo ka mea ʻona i ka hōʻake ʻana ma muli o ke kala camouflage.
I ke wā ʻōpiopio, ua like ka anuhe me nā ʻōpala manu.Ma hope o kekahi mau molt, ʻeleʻele a me nā kukui ʻalani e hele i ke kino. ʻO ka nānā maka e hiki ai i nā mea kaukauhewa ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki ʻole i nā inika ke kūpono i ka ʻai kanaka. Inā manaʻo ka honu i ka pōpilikia, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻi i kahi ʻono putrefactive maikaʻi ʻole i nā pepeiaohao, e hōʻike ana i kāna mea ʻona ʻino.
Ma nā ʻēheu hind nā wahi ʻulaʻula-uliuli me kahi palena ʻeleʻele, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka maka. Ke pālahalaha ʻia nā eheu, hoʻonāukiuki kēia mau wahi ākea i nā mea nāna e makemake e ʻoliʻoli ma ka moʻo. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena e nā ʻōkuhi o ka ellong i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu, e like me ka ponytails.
He ʻehiku mau makahiki i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pulu i ka pōpilikia ma muli o ka ʻai o nā mea kanu i ulu e nā kānaka. Pepehi ka poʻe i nā lolo i kēlā me kēia ʻano, me ka mālama ʻana i nā māla me nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā meaʻala. Ma muli o kēia, ua emi nui ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano me ka hālāwai ʻana o kēia mea e ulu nei i mea pilikia.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka helu o ka neʻe ʻana a pili pili i ka luku ʻana i ko lākou mau mea kūlohelohe. I Lusia, ua manaʻo ʻia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā subspecies e noho nei i nā wahi ma ke ala o ke alahele a me nā waʻa hoʻomaha o ka ʻāina me nā pesticides.
ʻO ka puhi ʻana o ka mau lau laula, ka mea i loaʻa i ke ʻano catastrophic nui, e hōʻeha i ka pōʻino nui loa. I ka wā e kolo ai i ka mauʻu i ka pūnāwai, ua nui kahi helu o ka pupae i ka hoʻoilo ma nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ke hōʻino nui i nā helu kekahi e mālama ʻia i ka wīwī o ke kauwela make ma nā alanui.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mahele o ke hala me nā mea ʻenemi e makemake e kiʻi i nā mea ʻehaʻeha he nui i hiki iā lākou i loko o kā lākou hōʻiliʻili. Hōʻalo lākou i kekahi i kekahi no nā poʻe pilikino, a i ʻole e launa pū me nā mea aloha kīleʻa like mai nā ʻano like ʻole. Akā ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻiliʻili i nā helu helu, a me ka ʻikepili i ka nui o ka hōʻino.
ʻO nā pilikia kūlohelohe ka komo ʻana o ke anuanu, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā palaho ma mua, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o ka manawa e lawe ai i ka mea, kahi lūlū lōʻihi, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka pio o nā kauā e nā ʻōpala a me nā alapine. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi emi ʻana o nā helu ma o ʻEulopa. I kekahi mau'āina, pale ʻia ka holoholona hihiu.
Kukulu Honuu Swallowtail
ʻO ke kiʻi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail
Ke hopohopo nei nā mea kūlohelohe a puni ka honua i ka nui o nā'ōpili a ke hana nei lākou i nā hana e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka luku. Ma Tatarstan, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi papahana hoʻomohala noho ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo “Machaon Valley”. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ia i kahi ʻano e mālama ai i ke ʻano me ka nui o nā loko.
I mea e huki ai i ka nānā ʻana i ka pilikia, ma Latvia i 2013 ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi o kahi iniseti i kau ʻia i ka lole o nā lima o ka ʻāina Skrudalien. I ka makahiki 2006, ua lilo a Machaon i hōʻailona no Kelemānia. I nā ʻāina i luna, ua lawe ʻia nā hana palekana e hopu i nā ʻalupua pakeke a luku aku i nā ʻeneki. Lā ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā iniseti a huʻu i nā holoholona i loko o nā hale.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka lewa i nā pua puaa ma ka home. no kēia, pono ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā lemi me kahi aquarium, ʻo 10 mau ka nui no ka poʻe 5, me kahi pahu wai, dill a me kahi lālā, kahi e loaʻa ai nā uila ka mea e manaʻo ai i ka metamorphoses. Pono ka kukupu i ka wai a me ka meli e hānai ai.
ʻO kēia mau mea palupalu he leʻaleʻa iā mākou me ko lākou nani, hōʻoluʻolu o ka lele, ʻano kupaianaha kupanaha. Ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi e hopu i kahi moʻo no ka leʻaleʻa, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻole he pōkole kona ola. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka leʻaleʻa i ko lākou nani i ka nahele, me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻole i ka manawa pōkole i hāʻawi ʻia i nā pehu no ke ola.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
No ke aha e kapa ʻia ai kahi pōpō - ka ʻūhā nui? ʻO ke kumu o kēia inoa leʻaleʻa aia ma ka ʻāina kahiko o Troy, kahi i noho ai ke kauka kaulana kaulana ʻo Machaon i lōʻihi.
Ua haʻi ka moʻolelo e pili ana iā ia he helu nui loa o nā pūʻali koa i hōʻemi maoli ʻia mai ka honua aʻe e mahalo i ka ʻike a me nā hana a kēia kauka. I ka hoʻohanohano ʻana, ua kapa ʻia kekahi ʻano pōpō ʻano maikaʻi ʻo Karl Liney.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana like o ke ʻano me ka nui nui a me ka ʻulaʻula nani. Loaʻa nā ʻēheu o kēia palu mau mai 65 a 95 mm. Kāhea ʻia ke kala o nā ʻēheu e nā ʻeleʻele melemele mahana.
E kūʻē i kēia kiʻi melemele, ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka mea e pili kokoke ana i ke kino o ka machaon a ma nā ʻanuʻu o nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā pena a me nā kiʻi. Hana ʻia nā ʻēheu ʻehā me nā kāʻei, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi a me 10 mm.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻēheu like ʻole me kahi uliuli uliuli a i kahi helehelena kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu a me kahi maka ʻulaʻula nui mai kona ʻaoʻao aku. Hāʻawi ʻia nā machaons kauwela e kahi kala paler.
I ka pūnāwai, he nui a maʻalea. Hoʻopilikia ka kala i ka noho ʻana o nā mea kīnā. ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana ma ke kūkulu hema he aniani ʻulaʻula a ʻaʻole hoʻi i wehewehe maopopo ʻia nā kolu ʻeleʻele. Aia nā kamaʻāina o nā ʻāpana komohana, he palalike ka kala melemele ma luna o ka ʻēheu, akā ke kuhikuhi nei i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele ma luna o lākou.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO kahi ʻenehana i hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻia ma ka machaon kona mau kapa antennae i ulana ʻia, i loaʻa i nā pupu manu he nui. Mai nā kihi a pau kēia ʻano nani a holomua. ʻAʻole hiki ke mahalo me ka hoʻonani ʻole aku kiʻi o kahi pōlomi palaʻa.
Hāʻawi kēia i kona nani a me ka nani. Ke nānā nei i kēia hoʻokumu ʻana o ke ʻano, hoʻomaka ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka nani o kēia ao. Ua hoʻonoho kekahi o kona mau ʻelele iā ia i kahi moʻoʻolelo a me nā hana mana. Hoʻolū wale ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana o kēia iniseti.
Noho ka ʻōleʻa Swallowtail i nā'āina ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokipa iā ia ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa a ʻo ʻInelani. E mahalo i kēia nani maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika ʻAmelika a me Asia.
Noho ka Machaon i nā mokupuni hema, ʻo ia hoʻi me ke kai ʻalakua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia pepeke i loko o Tibet ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 4,500 m.ma ʻoluʻolu loa kēia mau palulu i nā wahi ākea. Ua makemake lākou i nā nahele me nā wahi hoʻoneʻe, nā kipa lāʻau, ke anuʻu, ke ʻoi, a me nā manawa semi-deserto.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ʻo Swallowtail palu i loko o ʻEulopa a pau ʻo ʻInelani. Loaʻa iā ia ma Asia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Africa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano lolo ma nā ʻōpio, a i nā mauna o Tibet e loaʻa ana ma kahi e loaʻa ai kona kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o 4500 mika.
Makemake ka Machaon i nā wahi ākea, no laila ke ola nui nei ma nā kihi o nā ʻōpala, i ke tundra, ke ala, ka manawa ma ka wao nahele. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pipi i kū ʻia mai Iune a ʻAukake, a ma ke kūkulu hema - mai waena o ka puna wai a ʻOkakopa. E ola ana kekahi pākeke no kahi ʻekolu mau pule.
Pehea ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka machaon
Hoʻomaka ka wā māla o kahi pōpō i Mei. Akā ma ke ʻano o ka noho o ka noho ʻana, he ʻano paha kēia manawa - i kekahi manawa i ka Iulai, ʻAukake a ʻo Kepakemapa hoʻi. Hoʻokomo ka kahe i ka lewa, i ka manawa o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo kahi māla.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana, hana ʻia ka wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau hua melemele i ka manawa. I ka wā holo, hiki iā ia ke hana hou i nā hua he 120. ʻIke ʻia nā hua kanu Kahuola i ka hebedoma. He nani loa, mālamalama. I ka wā mua, ʻeleʻele wale nō me nā wahi keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula. A laila e huli ʻoliʻoli, puka mai kahi kala ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli. He vora maikaʻi loa a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana e hoʻomaka ai lākou e ʻai i nā lau.
I mea e pale aku ai i nā ʻenemi, loaʻa i ka pulu manu ʻoi ʻia nā pūpuna o nā poʻo ʻelua i kona poʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia inā e loaʻa ana ka pulupulu. Akā ma ka pōpilikia, huli lākou i ka ulu o ka melemona i ka ulu ʻana i kahi mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi ʻole.
Ma hope mai, e like me nā kīkū ʻokoʻa, ua lilo ka ʻōpū i ka pupae. Mamuli o ka manawa, he like paha lākou i nā kala ʻokoʻa. I ke kauwela, he'ōmaʻomaʻo-melemele lākou; e hoʻomohala nei i ʻekolu mau pule. I ka hoʻoilo he brown lākou. Ma kēia manawa hana, hoʻomohala ʻia ka pupae i mau mahina a hiki i ka mahana wela o ka manawa i hiki aku i ka wā e hiki ke lele ka pōpō ʻano me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka anu anuanu a ʻai.
Kukūlele manu
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā machaons ka manu, spider a me nā mea inikini ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻo ka pīpī pōpilikia ʻē aʻe i ka hopena o ka neʻe i ka pākeke: ma ke ʻano o nāʻano, nā ʻōpua a me nā pupae. Nui nā mea e make ma nā ahi ahi.
ʻOkoʻa ka helu o kēia mau palupalu ma nā wahi like ʻole. Uaʻike nui kēia i kā lākou hana no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. Ma Ukraine, Kelemānia, Litoia a me Latvia, ua kākau ʻia kēia mau pōpoki ma ka Red Red Book. ʻAʻole he pili ia i loko o ka palu ʻo Swallowtail i nā ʻano nui a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka mahiʻai. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike pono ia i kēia manawa ma mua, a ʻo ke kaua hakakā ʻana e kūʻē iā ia. Inā hiki ʻole i nā kānakaʻepekema ke hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o kēia mau mea nani, a laila hiki ke nalowale i ka maka o ka Honua.
ʻAʻano hana
Ke lilo nei ka poʻe Machaons i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lā, loaʻa lākou i nā pua he nui. Pono kēia mau lolo liʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka nectar, no laila hiki ke loaʻa pinepine iā lākou ma nā ʻano pā a me nā kīhāpai.
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He ʻāpana nāhelehele ʻāina. Ua koho lākou i kā lākou iho pilikino i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou he malihini ia e hōʻuluʻulu i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, e noho ana i kahakai o nā loko. Pili ka poʻe āpau e noho i nā puʻu a i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. ʻO Machaons nui e kū ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hōʻike i kā lākou ʻano hula.
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I ke kūlohelohe, aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa iā Machaon ka hoʻomaha me nā ʻēheu e pālahalaha ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻēheu ʻē e kūʻē i mua. Hiki i ka Swallowtail ke pālahalaha i nā ʻēheu i ka wā e hōʻike ai i ka mahana, ke anilani o ka lā.
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Kāʻei ola
ʻO ka manawa o ka huakaʻi o kēia mau mea lūlū e hāʻule ana mai ka pūnāwai a i ka hāʻule. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hanauna he ʻekolu o kēia mau ʻelele. Hāʻawi ka nui o nā Machaons i mau hanauna he 2 mau pōkō. ʻO ka maʻamau ka ola o nā pōpō pākeke ma mua o 3 mau pule.
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Hānau kūleʻa
Hoʻokahi wahine wahine ma kahi o 120 huaʻai. I ka wā ʻōpiopio, kau ka ʻalā ma luna o nā mea kanu e waiho i ka hua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻano a i ʻole ka lau o ka mea kanu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wā i ka ʻāpana o Machaons a hiki i ka 5 mau lā, ma ka hopena kahi i loaʻa ai kahi larva ʻeleʻele me nā kukui ākea. I ka wā elemakule, hoʻololi lākou i ke kala i ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōpio uliuli.
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Ke hoʻololi nei i ka Uwili ʻo Swallowtail i Pupa
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Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei ka ʻai nui a ʻai mau. Ma muli o kēia, ʻike maoli i ka hebedoma a hiki lākou i 9 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka meaʻai maʻamau ka mea maʻamau i nā ovaries, nā pua, a me nā lau. Hiki i kekahi larva ke ʻai i kahi moena o ka dill. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka chrysalis, pani ka larva i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu mai ka meaʻai. Hoʻokomo ka wā haumana i nā kumu o nā mea kanu. Hiki paha ke kala i ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Aia ia i ka manawa o ka haumana. Noho ka haumāna papa mai ka 2-3 mau hebedoma a he mau mahina. Aia ka wikiwiki o ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi pōkiu i ke anā.
ʻAno ʻano
ʻO nā kukū o nā hua mua a me nā poʻe e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ke awāwa he ʻula ʻulaʻula, nā pupuʻu o nā hanauna kauwela he nui ka ʻili a loaʻa iā lākou ke kala. Ma nā kikoʻī o ka hanauna mua, e ʻōlelo hou aku ana ke kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i nā ʻēheu. I nā makahiki wela, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā palupalu liʻiliʻi me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele lohi.
Na palapala kapu
Ma muli o ka laulā ākea, ka puka ka neā o ka neʻe i ka 37 subspecies.
I loko o ʻEulopa Hema i hōʻike ʻia e nā subspecies nominative. Ma ka hema o Siberia aia kahi subspecies hiʻi maʻi (Verity, 1911), ʻo ka ʻili o nā ʻēheu pōpoki ʻoi aku ka pōkole a ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā veins. Ma ka ʻāina Amur a me Primorye - kahi subspecies ussuriensis (Sheljuzhko, 1910) (= race amurensis Verity, 1911), nona ka hanauna o ke kauwela e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka nui he nui - ʻo nā ʻēheu o nā kāne a hiki i ka 84 mm, a ʻo nā wahine a i ka 94 mm.
Ma Sakhalin, ola nā Mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Iapana hippocrates (C. et R. Felder, 1864), - he lei polū ma luna o nā maka o ka ʻōpū hind aia ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Na palapala kapu amurensis - ʻekepeke pōkole, hoʻokahi hanauna i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ka ʻulaʻula kala. E noho ana i ka pahele waena o ka waenakonu a me Amur i lalo i kāna kahaha. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻano nui o ka hunowtail ma mua o ka ʻāina Ussuri ussuriensis he hanauna kauwela wale nō o nā subspecies amurensis.
Na palapala kapu sachalinensis, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā subspecies i hala, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka melemele me ke ʻano ʻōpiopio koʻikoʻi. ʻO Transpikal hele wāwae, Central Yakutia kahi i noho ʻia ma mua o ʻelua mau wahi kaona. hiʻi maʻinoho ana ma ka aoao hema hema o ka pakela, a asiaticakomohana akau o ka hope. I wehewehe ʻia e ka mea kākau Kepani (Matsumura, 1928) ʻelua mau hua ʻōlelo o ka ʻano hoʻokele. mandschurica (Manchuria) a chishimana Mats. (Fr. Shikotan) ʻaʻole i lawa e wehewehe pono.
ʻO nā subspecies maikaʻi loa o kona kala - kamtschadalus (Alpheraky, 1869). ʻOiai ke mālama nei i kahi kala melemele ʻokoʻa, hoʻohanohano ʻia e ka ʻāpana ākea o kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā huelo.
Ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau o Caucasus, a me ka hema o ka Lūkia Lūkini, kahi pālahalaha kahi subspecies. gorganus (Fruhstorfer), ma UK i subspecies britannicus Seitz, kahi loina i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - aliaska Kuhihewa.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Caucasus nui, ka wāwae a me nā ʻaoʻao semi o ka ʻĀpana Caspian, nā kai ʻo Cauca ma ka ʻaoʻao Caspian, ke awāwa ʻo Kura a me nā mauna Talysh. centeris, ua komo i loko o Iran a ma waena o ka mokuahi Elburs e hele aku i Kopetdag. Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi subspecies mai Elburz muetingi Seyer, 1976, mai nā kihi hema hema o Kopetdag - weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976.
Subspecies ʻĀpae Haʻo ʻĀwalu (ʻāpana maʻamau: Suria). ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā ʻona ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe ma loko o Caucasus he subspecies rustaveli.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hapanui o nā ʻauhau i nā "subspecies" a ka Machaon, no laila weidenhofferi ʻO Seyer, 1976 kahi mākole liʻiliʻi wale nō, like i ko nā mea nominative, i ke kauwela maʻamau ke lele ʻana o nā mea maʻamau i nā wahi like. centeris. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kēia hope loa i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hunowtail.
Mālama
Ka ʻike ākea o ka ʻāpana Holarctic holoʻokoʻa. E loaʻa i nā wahi āpau ma ʻEulopa (e hele wale nō ma Irani, a ʻo ʻEnelani ka noho wale nō i uka o Norfolk) mai nā kai o ke ao Arctic a hiki i ke kahakai o ke Kaiʻula a me ka Caucasus. Loaʻa ia ma Asia (me nā tropics), North Africa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma nā kuahiwi o ʻEulopa e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m ma mua o ke kai (Alps), ma Asia - a hiki i 4500 m (Tibet).
Hoʻaiho
Noho ia i nā biotopes hoihoi maikaʻi, maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi ma kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu umbrella. Loaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻano tundra ma ke kūkulu ʻākau. I ka mākeke nahele - makemake nui i nā ʻano ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, nā kihi, nā alahele, nā alanui ala, nā muliwai wai. Loaʻa pinepine i nā agrocenoses. Ma nā ʻāina Caspian (Astrakhan māhele a me Kalmykia ma Rūsia, ma Azerbaijan) ua loaʻa nō hoʻi ia i nā wahi neoneo paʻa ʻole a me nā pae anuʻu. Hiki i nā mea kū hoʻokahi me nā manawa hoʻoneʻe kiʻekiʻe ke lele i nā kikowaena kūloko nui.
Mau mea kanu
Ma ka ala waena, nā mea kanu umbrella, kūikawā, hogweed (Heraclium), ke kalaiʻa (Daucus) - nā mea a pau a me ka maʻamau, ka ʻenemi (Anetum), ʻōpala (ʻO Petroselinum) ,_ malaiaKaikaikole), nā butene (Chaerophyllum), gorinik (Peasedanum), prangos (Prangos), fennel (ʻEnlelo aʻoaʻo), ʻokiʻoki (Libanotis), ke aloha (Kelemele), gyrnovitsa (Kauiuakala) halekahi (a)Apium), nā mea kanu ()Kālā), uha (Pimpinella), ʻokiʻoki (Falcaria) Aia i kahi mau wahi ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻelele o nā aʻa: fluffy ash (Dictamnus dasycarpus), ʻO Amur velvet (Amurensis Phellodendron), nā ʻano 'āpau o nā lauHaplophillum), Asteraceae: wormwood (Artemisia) (i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻihi a me nā pāpū o ʻAsia Central), birch: alder Maksimovich (Alnus maximowiczii), ʻĀpana Japanese (A. japonica) (nā mea hope loa ma nā Mokupuni o Kurilika Hema).
Nā leka uila palekana
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia ma Red Books of Ukraine (1994), ma Russia - i loko o ka Red Book o the Moscow Region (1998) - 3 kāwai, Smolensk Region - 2 kāwai, Vologda Region (2006) - 3 kāwai, Latvia (1998) - 2 māhele, Lithuania - 3 kāʻei, Kelemania - kākā 4, Karelia - kāʻei 3, i ka papa mua o ka manawa mua, ua pilikia loa ia i nā mea ahi (e pili ana i nā lau nahele), ke hoʻomau nei, hoʻomāloʻi, nui i ke ʻano heʻu.
