He manu kupanaha ko Chomga e noho nei i nā wai wai he nui o ko mākou ʻāina. Ua māhele ʻia ʻoe ma nā wahi a pau. ʻIke ʻia kēia mea ʻēheu aia wale nō ma loko o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, akā ma Australia, ʻUsia a me Aotearoa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau

Chomga - nui manu, a i kona kaumaha ua like i ka awelika mai 600 grika a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilo. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lewa ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ʻēheu e hiki ke hoʻonui aku i 20 kenimika. ʻO ka paʻu o ka manu ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, me ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia a i ʻole ka ʻula.

Ma ke kauwela, he maʻalahi loa ka Chomga e ʻike ʻia mai kahi mamao aku, no ka mea he ʻano hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia ka hulu ʻulaʻula e ulu ana ma ke poʻo i ke ʻano o nā "ʻehā". ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena o ka chomga kahi "collar" kūikawā, kahi e kū pololei ana i ka ʻāʻī a maʻamau a he honu ʻulaʻula.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu ke ʻano o ka "mau" pepeiao o ka chomga e ʻoi aku ka pōkole, a nalo loa ka "collar" me ke kālai ʻole. Chomga He pā nunu hāpau ia, ʻo ia ka mea i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻāpana kukui.

I kēia manawa, ʻike nā mea maʻi ornithologists e pili ana 18 mau manu o ka manu, me 5 mau ʻano chomgi - i ka puke ʻulaʻula, a ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia ana kāna pana ʻia e like me ke kānāwai pili.

I kēia lā, loaʻa ka chomga i kahi kūlana ākea ākea loa, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma loko o ʻEulopa, a me nā ʻulena o Africa, ma Australia, New Zealand, ma Asia a me nā ʻāina Baltic.

Ma Lūkia, noho ka chomga ma Western and Central Siberia, kokoke iā Nizhny Novgorod a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke ala o Kazakhstan. Makemake nui ʻo Chomga e noho i waenakonu o ke taiga, anuʻi wāwae a me nā ʻōpū kū wai. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo ia o ka wahi ma waena o ka mea kanu i ka ʻaoʻao o ka loko a i nā pā o nā nui a me nā nui.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

Nā lāʻau popo ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana ma ka nahele o ka ʻoi a me ka mauʻu lōʻihi kokoke i nā wahi wai me ka wai pohū a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali, a me ka hiki ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hānai i ka manu, pono mua.

Pono kaʻoluʻolu e ʻike a hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā. Lele mai ka chomga ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lā wai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hau ma ka hohonu, a me nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ke ola piha o kēia manu.

Chomga Duck, ka mea e makemake e hoʻonele i nā huina, akā i kekahi mau manawa hiki ke hālāwai me nā koloni o kēia mau manu

Hoʻohālike ʻia nā nosis me ka ʻike ʻoi ka mea maʻamau ke holo pololei ma ka lehele o ka wai, i nā pilikia ke neʻe e noho ana ma lalo o ka loko a i ke poʻo paha. No laila, ua pale ka manu i kona mau ʻenemi, i lawa ai kona nui.

Ke hele nei i waenakonu o ka waiwai kō me kāna mau pua i ka nuku, noho maluhia ka chomga, a hiki hoʻi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mahina wai a i ʻole nā ​​mea hopohopo ʻē aʻe, hūnā ʻo ia i kāna hua iho i loko o kāna mau lehelehe, a kuʻi pū me kēia "waiwai" āpau ma lalo, kahi e waiho ai a hiki i kēlā a ʻoiai ke hele ʻole ka pilikia.

No ka chomga i kēia manawa he mau wahi pokole liilii, he mea maʻalahi ole ia no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kaʻili o ka wai o ka wai. ʻOiai ka lalo o ka wai, neʻe wikiwiki ka manu i ka mākaukau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau wāwae ponoʻī, e hāʻawi ana i kekahi mau dinamics i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i kēia hana.

Mahalo nui ke kaʻa ʻo Chomga, ʻo ka hana pinepine i ka lele huakaʻi no ka hoʻoilo wale nō. I ke koena o ka manawa, nui ka manaʻo o ka manu, ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka pā hale hohonu ma lalo o ka wai no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai.

ʻO keʻano o ka helehelena

He manu ʻo Chomga no nā manu ʻola o ka ʻohana Pogankov, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻulepua ʻole. I ka nui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pālio makua. ʻO ka loa o ke kino he 46-61 cm, a me nā ʻēheu o ka 85-90 cm. He ʻoliki ʻoliki a me kahi puʻupuʻu elongated o kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula pololei. ʻO kona paona hiki mai 700 g a 1.5 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā males ma mua o nā wahine a ʻo lākou nō hoʻi ke kaumaha.

I nā manu, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻauʻau. ʻO ka wāwae o ka wāwae e like me nā huki a ʻo ka chomg wale nō i kēia hiʻohiʻona. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā manamana lima me nā lehele ʻili kūikawā. Hiki iā lākou ke huli a puni 90 °, lilo i waena a ma waena o ka neʻe ʻana. Pulu koke ka manu i ka wai e like me kahi submarine. E kahe maʻalahi koke ia i ka hohonu o ka 6-7 mika a hiki ke kau i ka 50-60 mika ma kahi hapa wale nō mau minuke. ʻAe ʻia ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae kūʻokoʻa.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua uliuli ke poʻo o ka manu me nā wahi susua ʻelua i ka ʻaoʻao occipital. Ma ke kua he mau ʻeleʻele uliuli me kahi palena māmā ma nā kihi. Ke keʻokeʻo a ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū o ka chomga. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā o ka moena, hele a palu ʻala polū i loko o ka ʻāʻī. Ule nui nā hulu hulu ma ke poʻo, e like me nā pepeiao.

Ua loaʻa i kona inoa nui grebe no ka mea ʻai ʻono ʻole. He i nō a me ka ʻono kuʻuna.

Mea ʻai

Mai ka punahele punahele o ka hale o Chomga ma ka wai wai, e maʻalahi a holo wikiwiki ʻo ia i nā ʻano āpau o nā ʻano like ʻole (mai nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i nā spimensens nui).

ʻO kekahi manawa ke ʻokoʻa kekahi manu i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī me nā rana, nā mea kanu aku, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu i loaʻa i nā kaila a me nā kahawai o nā wai wai, a me nā meaʻai like ʻole. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kiu manu nui, kahi e hoʻohana nui ai nā chomgy, i ka hohonu ka ʻehā mau mika, kahi e hoʻopili pono ʻia ai ka manu i ka iʻa a laila kaohi ʻia ma luna o ka honua.

E ʻai ʻo Chomga i ka iʻa

ʻO ke kaʻina hana āpau e lawe iā ia ʻaʻole ma mua o ʻumikūmūmālua mau pōkole, akā naʻe, i ke anuanu, e lilo ana ia i mea paʻakikī hou iā ia e noi ai, no laila e hoʻonui nui ka lōʻihi a me ka hohonu.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

E like me ka hapa nui o ke ola, e kaena nā kaena o kēia mau manu, e like me kāu e manaʻo nei, ma ka wai. Hiki ke nānā kiʻi maikaʻiʻai mea e ʻike pono ai i ke hoʻololi ʻana o nā kāne i kēia manawa leʻaleʻa: hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻowalewale i ka ʻāʻī o kā lākou ʻāʻī, hoʻokipa i nā ply kuʻikiʻi a wehe i nā pū me ko lākou walaʻau.

Nā pāʻani pāʻani o ke kāne kāne a me ka chomga wahine

Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ka papa, hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka pūnana, a kōkua maikaʻi nā kāne i nā wahine i kēia hana nui, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka "pae kūkulu" me nā mea kūpono loa no kēia mau kumu: nā lau, nā lālā a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.

No ka pālima hoʻokahi, e lawe pinepine mai ka wahine i nā hua ʻehiku, a ʻoi aku hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka honi ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻōpio ke waiho aku i nā palena o ka hānai makua a nā mākua mai nā lā mua o ke ola: eʻauʻau lākou a puni, dive a aʻo i ka naʻauao e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka makuahine Chomga me nā moa ma hope

Ma hope oʻelua aʻelua paha mau malama, ua kaū hou ʻia nā moa a hoʻouna ʻia i ke ola ʻelemakule piha. I ka noho pio ʻana, hiki i kahi chomga ke ola a hiki i 25 mau makahiki, i ka wī nahele, ʻo ka nui o ke ola o nā manu he 15 a 20 paha.

ʻAne inoa

I Lūkini, ua kapa ʻia kēia manu ʻo ka grebe nui, a i ʻole chomga. E pili ana i ka ʻohana grebe. Hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ai ʻo Dahl i kahi moʻokāki, he pili nui ka ʻohana nui. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo Chomga no ka Puna Kelub.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻ Uzlelo Uzska ka ʻōlelo ʻ’nglelo kāmaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea holo, diving. I loko o Tatar - kahi urchin - plunged, dived. ʻO ka Great Grebe ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka dive crested, aiʻole i ka chomga crested. Ua kapa lākou iā ia he grebe no ka mea ʻai ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻai ʻona e hāʻawi i ka iʻa pala ʻole. Aia ma kahi o nā mikina he iwakālua ma ka ʻohana Pogankov.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻOiai ʻo kāna inoa unattractive (toadstool), chomga - nani ka manu. ʻO ka tumio keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo e hoʻololi pono i nā ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula. I loko, aia nō nā hulu o ka hau-keʻokeʻo, ka mea e ʻike ʻia i ka wā e lele ai ka manu i kona mau ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele ka hope a me ke ʻūpā ma ke poʻo.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo ma kahi ʻāʻī o elongated, slender. ʻAʻole e like me nā pika, ʻo ka chomga kahi elongated i kuhikuhi iki i ka beak. ʻEleʻele nā ​​maka. Mālama ia i ka hanohano, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, he mea nui.

Akā ʻoluʻolu a noʻonoʻo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike ka Chomga i ka iʻa e holo ana i loko o ka muliwai, a hiki i ka manawa ʻaʻole e lilo i meaʻai no ka kite wale. Nani maoli ʻia ʻo Chomga i ka wā hana. ʻIke ʻia kahi poli pōʻeleʻele ma kona ʻāʻī, a me ke kalaha ma kona poʻo. Ma kēia, ua hōʻike nā manu iā lākou ua mākaukau lākou no ka moe ʻana.

ʻO nā kāne o ka chomga'ōmaʻomaʻo -ʻulaʻula i ke kala, pōkole, ikaika, e kokoke kokoke i ka huʻu. ʻO kēia ke kaila e hiki ai iā ia ke kau i kahi kūleʻa kūpaʻa e kū ana ma luna o ka wai. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻole nā ​​membrane, no laila ka ʻano o ka honi wai.

Ma ke ʻano, aia nā paila paʻakikī ma nā ʻaoʻao o kēlā me kēia manamana lima. Ke kuhikuhi aku nei nā ʻekolu ʻekolu i ke nānā ʻana, a ke nānā hope nei nā hope. ʻAʻole hana nā Chomgi paws e like me nā waikiki a i ʻole nā ​​kīwaha. Huli iā ia iā lākou a hana wale me nā neʻe o nā hiohiona haʻahaʻa, like me nā pale o ka mea kūʻai aku. Pono e hoʻolilo ʻia he hapa nui a me ka palu ke ana o ka wāwae o ka toadstool. Ke kuʻi nei ka wāwae i ka chomga, hoʻāla ʻo ia iā lākou ma luna o ka wai a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, e like me ka mea humuhū ma luna o kahi māhoe.

ʻAno maikaʻi a paʻa maikaʻi, nā wāwae o ka chomga i ka ʻāina. Holo ponoi ʻo Toadstool ma ke kahakai e a mālie a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ke kino e hele ana ma ka papa e lawe i kahi kūlana kūpono a like ia me ka penguin.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, i ka wā i hoʻāla ʻia ai ka hoʻoilina ma luna o ka wai, ke holo wikiwiki nei ʻo ia, me ka wikiwiki ʻana i kona mau wāwae, a hauʻoli i ke kaʻina hana. E holo ana ʻo Toadstool i ka wai i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai e lawe, a i nā pāʻani pākali. ʻO ka nui o kahi chomga i liʻiliʻi i ka pā. Kona paonaa ana mai 6 a 1,5 1,5 kilamu. I ke kala, ʻokoʻa ka wahine i ka hapa o kāna hoa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kona nui.

Ma ke ala, i ka hapanui o nā ʻohana manu a me nā moʻomeheu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne e ke ʻano ʻōniʻoniʻo, ʻike ʻia o nā maka, ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā wahine, nona nā ʻōpala i loaʻa nā lole kūlike. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu kūwaho i ka lōʻihi he 20 cm.ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka lele ma ka ʻāpana he 85 cm.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i ka hapalua mita.

Ma ke kūlohelohe, aneane 15-18 mauʻu grebes ʻike ʻia. He manu Chomga, - ke kaulana kaulana o grebes e noho ana ma Rūsia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dahl i kāna moʻolelo i ka chomga i kūpaʻa ʻia, nā pū ʻia, grebe, ʻulaʻula, pepeiao. I ka papa inoa o kēia wā, ʻokoʻa nā inoa chomgy.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia lāua i ʻelua makahiki a me ka hapa. Ma ke ala, ua emi maoli ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu i ke kenekulia i hala. ʻO ke kumu no ka hana waiwai kanaka. Hōʻike ka papa i kekahi o nā mea ola o ke grebes, kā lākou hiʻona.

ʻOi ʻia ka nui o nā manu e ʻai ai i nā iʻa, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ʻāʻī ma mua o kēlā mau toadstools e hānai ana i nā mea iniketi a i ʻole nā ​​mollusks.

ʻAuhea a pehea e noho ai ka chomga?

Noho ʻo Chomga ma loko o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Eurasia. A hui pū kekahi ʻo ia:

• ma Australia,
• Aotearoa
• ma nā kahakai o East a me ʻAmelika Hema.

Ke alakaʻi nei ka poʻe ʻākau i kahi ʻano milratory. ʻAʻole noho kahi o Chomga a me nā mea e pili ana i ka grebes ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao a i Antartika.

Noho nui nā grebes ma nā loko a me nā loko wai, koho i nā kino wai hou. ʻO nā wāwae pōkole o nā grebe i palaka liʻiliʻi no ka hele ʻana ma ka ʻāina. Holo pū kekahi, akā maʻalahi a wikiwiki. Hiki iā ia nā mokulele lōʻihi lōʻihi.

Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana, holo ʻo ia ma luna o ka wai, e kōkua ana iā ia iho me kahi lele o nā ʻēheu ikaika. Akā makemake naʻe ʻo ia i ka element wai, kahi āna i manaʻo maikaʻi ai. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻopau i nā hulu o ka chomga ma luna o ka wai, e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole kekahi. ʻO ka waiwai o ka manu he mau waiwai wai-hoʻōla wai.

No ka hoʻouka ʻana, koho ke chomga i nā loko i nā nui o nā mea kanu ʻole: ʻohe, ʻohe. A heʻoiaʻiʻo, pono ia i ka toadstool ke holo mālie i loko o ka loko. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole i nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā mea ʻai

ʻAi ʻia ka mauʻu e like me ka iʻa, a e like me ka ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi. He mamao loa ia. Hoʻokomo i ka meaʻai me nā baki, nā mollusks, nā mea inikona wai, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi loa - algae. He ʻike maikaʻi ka chomga, ʻike ʻo ia i kahi iʻa i loko o ka wai.

Hiki iā ia ke huki i kahi hohonu o nā mika 4, kaomi ʻana i nā ʻēheu i ke kino a ke hana wale nei me kona mau wāwae. Hoʻololi ka Chomga me kahi pihi wikiwiki a wikiwiki i lalo. I kēia hihia, kū ke kino o ke kino ma luna o ka wai me kahi ipuna kukui a hele koke i lalo o ka wai i kū pololei pololei, aiʻole alakaʻi i ka ʻili o ka wai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ʻai ka chomga i kona mau hulu ponoʻī.

Kahi hewa paha paha kēia inā ʻaʻole ʻoe ʻike i ke kumu. Hoʻomau ʻo Chomga i ka iʻa āpau.A no laila ʻaʻole i hōʻino nā iwi ʻehā o ka iʻa i ka ʻōpū o ka manu, nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo palupalu e lawelawe i ke ʻano o ke ʻano nui e pale aku ai i ke kino o ka manu mai ka ʻehaʻeha. Pēlā paha ka Chomga e ʻai ai i nā algae no ka kumu like. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka meaʻai paʻakikī, ka ʻai ʻana mea kaumaha, ua ʻai ʻo ka chomga i nā pebbles liʻiliʻi.

ʻĀnō ke ola

Noho ʻo Chomgy no kahi o 10-15 mau makahiki. Aia nā hihia i ke pio ʻana ua ola kēia manu a hiki i 25 mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui no nā manu pio, nā holoholona hihiu. Ma ka ʻāina, ua maʻalahi ka pōkole o ka chomga i nā ʻenemi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke lele mai ka lepo, a holo i kona mau wāwae pōkole loa.

ʻOiai ke hatching, ka chomgu e alualu ʻia e ka lele a me ka ʻulā. Ke hānai aku nei ka wahine i nā hua e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, ua luku nui kēia mau poʻe wili i ka toadstool aihue i ka hua manu. ʻO ia ke kumu e pale ai i ka drake i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hoa hana. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka iʻa Carnivorous i nā moa ʻauʻau.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lole o ka toadstools me ke kūleʻa a ke kanaka i ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā wai ulia pōpilikia i loko o nā wai wai e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā manu a me nā makahiki o kona ola i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano.

Hoonikau o ka noho

He ʻano maʻamau nā manu o kēia mau holoholona ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAralia a me New Zealand, East a me South Africa ma ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ola migratory a me nā hana maʻamau. Ma nā wahi e noho ai ia e hona ai ma nā wahi a pau, koe wale nō i ke kahiki ʻo ka ʻākau mamao.

Noho kēia mau manu ma nā loko a me nā loko wai, pā nahele i nā wahi wai, kokoke i ka wai wai, ke kumu nui no ke koho ʻana i kahi kūnaka nui ka nui o nā mea kanu aku.

Chomga manu a nunui lau mauʻu. He mau chomg

Kāleka

I ke kiʻi o ke chomga, ʻike ʻia e hoʻopalaha ʻia ko lākou kino, valky, me kahi palapu koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole nui nā manu chomghs nui, ko lākou lōʻihi kino he 46 - 59 cm, a ʻo kā lākou huawai mai 600 a 1500 mau karaka, ua ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. He ʻāʻī lōʻihi a loloa nā manu, ʻea aneʻī. ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻole ka chomga i nā memo mau loa ma luna o kona mau wāwae, a ua pālahalaha ʻia nā manamana wāwae e ka nui o ka ʻalā pū ʻana. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā wāwae o nā manu. ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā ʻēheu o ka chomga a pōkole loa, kahi pōkole loa ka ʻili a aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia.

I ka wā hoʻomaha, he keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele nā ​​hulu o ke kua, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī. Aia kahi kola-ʻulaʻulaʻula i haʻi ʻia i ke poʻo, a ʻelua mau ʻāpana hulu i noho i ka lei o ke poʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hala nā kolo a me nā hulu. Hoʻopiʻi ka moʻomeheu wahine.

Chomga. Chomga.

No ke aha i kapa ʻia ʻo Chomga i ka Manaʻo?

ʻO kēia manu he lālā ʻelima o ka ʻūlū. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea pili ia i nā ʻawaʻawa. Ua kapa ʻia kēia manu iā Big Grebe mai kāna ʻiʻo i loaʻa kahi ʻala kūpono ʻole. Ua aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻai, me ke ʻano o ka ʻono he nui e makemake ʻia.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻopakele i ka chomga mai nā poʻe hahai. I kēlā mau manawa ke ʻae ʻia nei ka huni huni, ʻaʻohe kanaka e hoʻopuni i ke ola o kēia mea ʻeuʻeu.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi kāne a me kahi wahine?

ʻAno like ke kala o ka plumage i loko o nā mea like ʻole o nā ʻano kāne like ʻole. He keʻokeʻo nā wahine a me nā kāne, a keʻokeʻo hoʻi ke poʻo a me ke kino haʻahaʻa, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. I ka lei, ʻano ʻano ʻano "kola" o kahi hue ʻulaʻula. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke anuanu wale nō. I ke kauwela, he maʻalahi nō hoʻi kēia manu e ʻike e nā ʻāpana ʻula e ulu ana ma luna o kona poʻo, a me ko lākou ʻano like me nā “pū”. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e lilo lākou i ka pōkole, a nalo ka "kolu" me kahi kolu.

I ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa a hiki i kona nui wale nō. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o ka manu he 45-40 sentimita, a he ʻona ia ma kahi o 0,5 - 1.6 kilograma. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine. Kūpono loa ʻia kēia i ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mea ma mua o 20 kenimika. He laulā nui nō kā lākou laula, he 85-90 kenimika.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Chomga i nā wai ʻona ma luna o ka wai

Hoʻonohonoho ʻo Chomga i kāna wahi noho a puni nā wahi wai me kahi wai e kū ana, ma kahi alahele, a i ʻole taiga. Kūkulu nā manu i kā lākou mau ʻuhane ma luna o ka wai o ka wai. Nā ʻāpana o nā ʻohe, a i kekahi manawa ma lalo o ka loko, i lilo no ke kākoʻo no nā ʻano kīwaha. ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho o ka hale no ka mea i pono ai ka hulu manu e pale iā ia iho a me kāna hua mai nā ʻenemi. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, no kahi ola ʻoluʻolu, pono i kēia mau mea i kahi ākea kahi e komo mālie wale ai nā hihi o ka lā. He mea nui no hoʻi nā manu e noho kokoke ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e lawa ai ka ʻai.

ʻO Chomga kahi lawaiʻa nani

Ma ka ʻāina, ʻoluʻolu ʻole kēia manu. ʻAʻole ʻae nā wāwae liʻiliʻi i ka neʻe wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻāpono nui loa kēia manu.

Akā ua holo koke ka Chomga, a keʻokeʻo me ke kōkua ʻana i kona mau wāwae. Hoʻomaopopo kēia mea kupanaha no ka holo ʻana i kahi hohonu hohonu - ma kahi o 25-30 mau mika. Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki iā 3-4 mau minuke. Akā ua lawa kēia manawa e pale iā ʻoe iho a me kāu mau ʻōpio mai nā ʻenemi. I ka hihia hoʻoweliweli, hūnā nā ʻoni i nā pihi kūikawā, aia ma ka chomga ma lalo o nā eheu. Me nā pēpē huna, hūnā ʻo ia i ka lalo a kali i ka pōʻino e pale iā lākou.

Pehea e hoʻouluulu ai ka chomga?

Ma mua o ka moe ʻana, ke hana ʻana ke kāne a me ka wahine i ke ʻano "hula male." Nā pōʻai i hoʻopuni ʻia i nā lā lōʻihi ma ka wai o ka wai, e ʻā ana i mua o kekahi i kekahi. Ma hope koke o ka manawa hoʻohālikelike, kūkulu nā kāne i kahi pūnana o nā lau a me nā lālā. A laila ʻeʻe ka wahine mai 2 a 6 mau huaʻai, e ʻoki ana i nā hoa like i ʻelua. Hoʻohui hou ʻia ʻo Chick ma hope o nā lā 27-29. ʻO nā hebedoma mua he nui, lawe nā mākua iā lākou ma ko lākou kua a mālama pono iā lākou i nā pōʻino. He wahi ʻuʻuku ʻuʻuku ke alo i kā lākou lae. Inā e hoʻopihapiha ʻo ia i ke koko a huli a ʻulaʻula mai kēia, a laila i kēia manaʻo e pōloli nui ka moa. E hānai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kānaka ʻona ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o 10-11 pule, lilo kūʻokoʻa nā moa moa.

I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā manu i nā makahiki he 15-20. Ma ka noho pio, ola pinepine lākou a hiki i 25 mau makahiki. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano chomga i loaʻa ʻole ke ʻano. Ua papa inoa ʻia lākou ma ka Red Red Book a ua ʻānai ʻia lākou no lākou.

Hoʻaiho

Kūpono kēia ʻano manu o ka manu, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pua chomga ma kahi o ka teritore:

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia ala ʻano noho ʻole ma nā ʻāina hema. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hoʻoilo ua lele ʻo ia i nā wahi i kahi ʻoluʻolu. Pili ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia. Nā papalaki nui e lele i nā ʻāina hema i ke anuanu mahanainā i kā lākou wahi wai i ka hoʻoilo i uhi ʻia i ka hau.

No ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou koho i nā mea kanu aku me ka wai kūlohelohe a i ʻole kahi lohi lohi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea kanu lāʻau ma ka loko wai he mea pono i ka pā ʻana i ka duck grebes.

Ke noho maʻamau

I loko o sushi, nani ka manaʻo chomga. Ke neʻe iki ʻole ʻo ia ma luna o ia, no ka mea ua pōkole kāna mau pōpoki. ʻO kekahi mea wai, kahi e lele maikaʻi ai ka manu, no ka mea e ʻike pono ʻo ia e ʻauʻau a ka manu holo maikaʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ka wai, hoʻopuka wale ʻia kona mau wāwae, e hoʻonele ai i nā kahe lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻokomo ka ʻū mauʻu i kona mau eheu i ke kino, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hydrodynamics. I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, hoʻopau koke ka chomga i ka hohonu.

Nui loa ka Grebe kalaiwa i loko o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hoʻoilo wale nō, huakaʻi lōʻihi kēia mau manu i ka lele. Hoʻopau i kēia ʻiole i ka hapa nui o kona ola i ka wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i lalo o ka wai a i loko o ka wai, luhi loa a lele ʻole i ka neʻe i waho. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka ʻāina no ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana a maʻemaʻe paha. Ma ka ʻāina, chumgy clumsy a neʻe wikiwiki, no laila wikiwiki lākou e hoʻi i ko lākou kūlana ʻike a me ka ʻoluʻolu.

ʻO nā manu o ka waiwai pio ka ʻenemi nui o ka ʻōpala grebe. E pili ana kēia:

Hoʻopilikia wale kēia mau manu i nā nonu chomg ma ka hānai ʻana i nā hua. Ke hele mai nā moa, pono lākou e makaʻala i ka iʻa nui predatory.

I ka manawa aia e ʻimi pinepine ai ka chomg ma muli o nā hulu hulu. ʻO kēia no ka hona no nā lole hulu manu mai nā hulu o ka hōʻaʻu nui. Kēia mea e luku ai i pili i ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā ʻano. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka manu me ka pau ʻole.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO Toadstools kahi cardinally ʻano manu ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano o kā lākou anatomy. I ka wā mua, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hui ʻia lāua me nā kīlio, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hele ʻana i ka wai wai, a ua helu ʻia nā ʻohana ʻelua i hoʻokahi ʻāpana. I ka makahiki 1930, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi like o ka hoʻololi ʻana i lilo ʻia e nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e nā manu manuahi like ʻole e alakaʻi i ke ala like o ke ola. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kelona a me nā grebes i ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa o nā Podicipediformes a me Gaviiformes.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā haʻawina molekular a me ka loiloi loiloi kūpono i ka pilina ma waena o nā grebes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e hana kēia mau manu i kahi laina evolutionary kahiko, i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ke kaomi koho i ka pae molaki, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e nā loina.

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa noiau nui ʻana i ka manu phylogenomics, i paʻi ʻia ma 2014, ka mea i hōʻike i ka grebes a me ka flamingos he mau lālā o Columbea, kahi lālā e loaʻa pū ai nā manu, moka, a me ka mesitic. Ua ʻike nā haʻawina molekele hou i kahi pilina me nā flamingos. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumikumamākahi o nā hiʻohiʻona moramona ʻaʻole nā ​​manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia ma nā flamingos, akā ʻaʻole ma ke grebes. Hiki i nā mea kūmole Fossil mai ka wā o ka hau ka mana e noʻonoʻo ai i waena o waena o flamingos a me grebes.

Loaʻa ka grebes maoli i nā fossils i ka Late Oligocene a i Miocene paha. ʻOiai he nui o nā hānau hānau prehistoric e pau loa i kēia manawa. ʻO Thiornis (Sepania) a me Pliolymbus (USA, Mexico) ka lā i ka manawa i aneane ua kokoke ke ano o nā ʻano āpana. Mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe nā grebes, hoʻomaka lākou i ʻike ma nā koena o ka fossil i ka Hemolele ʻĀkau, akā ua kū aʻe nō paha i ka Hema Hemolele.

Wikiō: Chomga

He 46 a 52 cm ka lōʻihi o Toadstools a loaʻa i nā ʻēheu he 59 a 73 cm. Ua kaupaona lākou ma waena o 800 a me 1400 g. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā males a loaʻa i kahi kolo lōʻihi a me ke kaʻi lōʻihi i kā lākou lole. ʻUlaʻula ʻia ka beak i nā lole a pau me kahi hāmena brown a me kahi koʻo aniani. ʻO Iris ke kala ʻulaʻula me kahi aniani ʻulaʻula kukui e hoʻopili ana i ka haumāna. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā wāwae a me nā holope.

ʻO nā kākela chomga hou i kēia wā pōkole, he kapa lole wāwahi kāʻili wale loa. Kau ʻia ke poʻo a me ke ʻāʻī i nā laina lahilahi a keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo e loaʻa ana i nā kuhikuhi lōʻihi. ʻO nā wahi ʻulaʻula o nā ʻano like ʻole e loaʻa ma ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino i ka mea mua he mea hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ʻulaʻula-keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ʻulaʻula ʻia. Ke keʻokeʻo loa ka kino haʻahaʻa a me ka umauma.

Aia i hea ka noho o ka chomga?

Kiʻi ʻohi: Chomga manu ma Lūkia

ʻO ka poʻe grebes ka nui kahi i kūlou ai i ke Komohana a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, Nui Pelekane a me ʻInelani, nā ʻāpana hema a me ʻAsia o ʻApelika, Australia a me New Zealand. Loaʻa ka nui o nā iwi i loko o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ma ka hema o Russia a me Mongolia. Ma hope o ka lele ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā lehulehu hoʻoilo i nā wai kahakai o ʻEulopa, ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelia a me ʻAstralia, a me ka wai o ka wai ma loko o ka ʻaoʻao hema o Asia.

Nā chomga huaʻai ma nā wahi kanu o nā loko wai. Kumuwaiwai P. s. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Cristatus ma loko o ʻEulopa a me Asia. Noho ia ma ke komohana komohana o kona neʻe ʻana, akā e neʻe nei mai nā ʻāina anu i kahi anu i ka mea ʻoluʻolu loa. ʻO nā mea loloa ma nā wai wai wai a me nā kahuhopu a i ke kahakai. ʻĀpana ʻApikaʻomaika P. P. s. infuscatus a me nā subspecies o Australie P. c. ʻokoʻa ka huakaʻi.

Mea hoʻonaʻauao: Hiki i nā Chomgi ke loaʻa i nā ʻano kai i nā ʻano wai, me nā loko, nā loko wai kūlohelohe, nā kahawai kahe wai, nā mākeke, nā uku a me nā lagoons. ʻO nā pūnaewele hānai he ʻano puna wai hoʻopuka me nā wai hou a koʻikoʻi paha. E loaʻa hoʻi i nā mea kanu ma kahakai a me ka wai i hāʻawi i nā wahi kūpono no nā nalo.

I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ke ʻano o kekahi mau kānaka i nā loko i ke ea wai. ʻO lake Geneva, Lake Constance a me Neuchâtel Lake i waena o nā loko ʻEulopa, kahi i loko o nā mahina hoʻoilo he nui nā chomgs. Hoʻolilo lākou i nā kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Komohana, ma ko lākou hiki ʻana i ka lehulehu i ʻOkakopa a me Nowemapa a ke noho nei a hiki i ka hopena o Pepeluali a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki.

ʻO nā wahi hoʻoilo hoʻoilo nui nā moana ʻo Caspian, ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me kekahi wai kūloko i Central Asia. I Asia Hikina, hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema a me Kina Hema, Taiwan, Iapana a me India. Maanei ko lākou ʻimi e noho ai i ke kahakai kahakai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

ʻO ke kiʻi: Chomga a i ole Grebe nui

ʻAʻole teritorial ka Chomgi i nā mahina hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manu manuahi. I ka wā ulu, ua ʻike ʻia nā pālua, a ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole i liʻiliʻi ka pilina liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu ʻia nā kolone ʻole i paʻa ʻia i nā pālua he mau pālua. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kolone inā he hemahema nā ʻano pānaʻi kūpono a i ʻole ke hui pū ʻia nā holoholona aloha mua.

Hoʻokomo nā hui iwi i nā wahi huna. ʻO ka nui o ke anuanu ponoʻī loa e kūlike i waena o nā kāne a me nā heluna kanaka. ʻO ka melekio a me nā wahine i nā pālua ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou mau hoahānau, nā pale a me nā moa. I ka wā ulu, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kolamu ma kekahi o nā wahi hānau. Hoʻomau ka pale ʻāina i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: ʻai ʻo Chomgi i kā lākou hulu. Puhi pinepine lākou iā lākou inā he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea e komo ai i loko o ka meaʻai, a manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia he ala kēia e hana ai i nā pellets i hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia e hōʻemi i ka ʻike ʻana o nā parasites i ka ʻōnaehana gastric.

He nui nā honu manu e nānā i nā manu a ʻoi aku ka leʻa e holo a kau i mua o ka lele. Aia lākou ma waena o nā manu diidal, a ʻimi wale i ka meaʻai i ka lā. Eia naʻe, i ka wā hoʻokūkū, hiki ke lohe ʻia ko lākou leo ​​i ka pō. E hoʻomaha a nā manu a moe i ka wai. Hoʻokahi ka manawa hānai no ka manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka manawa i nā manawa a me nā hue manuahi i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka hatching. Kū lākou mai ka wai ma hope o ka holo pōkole. Holo wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki o nā ʻēheu. I ka wā o ka lele, lele lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae me ka ʻāʻī i mua.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Chomga Chick

ʻAʻole hiki i nā manu Chomgi ke oo i kā lākou wā'ōpiopio a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, akā maʻamau maʻamau ʻaʻole e ulu a maikaʻi i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka manawa male male. Ua hōʻea lākou i ʻEulopa ma ka wahi hoʻomake ma Malaki / ʻApelila. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā kanu e hoʻomaka mai i ka hopena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka mahina o Iune, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, akā i ka lā Malaki. Ke ulu lākou mai hoʻokahi a ʻelua i ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E hoʻomaka ka pili ʻana i nā papa ma Ianuali. I ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā kahua hoʻoulu, e hoʻomaka ka chomgi e hoʻoikaika i ka wā e kū ai nā kūpono kūpono.

ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huahelu:

• ka nui o nā wahi noho i loaʻa no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale kuʻi i uhi ʻia,
• maikaʻi kūlana kūpono
• wai wai ma nā kino wai,
• ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka pono.

Inā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, nui ka nui o nā mea kanu e hoʻopuni ʻia ana. Hāʻawi kēia i nā uhi hou no nā nests pale i pale ʻia. Hiki ke alakaʻi i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā meaʻai momona hiki ke hoʻoulu mua. Kūkulu ʻia nā nests mai nā nāhele wai, nā ʻeke, nā nahele a me nā lau algae. Kili ʻia kēia mau mea i nā mea kanu i loaʻa. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻuʻuku i loko o ka wai, ka mea e pale ai i ka masonry mai nā mea hāʻawi moku.

Aia kahi "manu maoli," kahi i kau ʻia ai nā hua, kū mai ka wai a ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻāpana ʻelua e hoʻopuni ana, kahi e hiki ai ke hana no ke kope, a me nā mea ʻē no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka wā incubation Laha ka nui clutch ma waena o 1 a 9 mau huaʻehā, akā ma ka awelika 3 - 4. ʻo ka incubation e mau ana i 27 - 29 lā.Kūlike kekahi mau wahine male wahine. Wahi a nā noiʻi Lūkini, ua haʻalele ka chomga i kā lākou nests wale nō no ka manawa o 0.5 a 28 mau minuke.

Mea ʻoiaʻiʻo: hoʻomaka ka inkubation ma hope o ka kau ʻana o ka hua mua, e hana ana i ka hoʻolālā embryo a me kā lākou haʻalele i ka asynchronous. ʻO kēia ka mea i kahi hierarchy o nā kaikaina i hani ʻia nā moa.

Ua kiola ʻia ka pili ma hope o ka ʻā o ka pipi hope. ʻO ka nui o ka brood ma mua o 1 i 4 mau moa. ʻOkoʻa ka helu o ka helu ma mua o ka nui o ke kao i hiki ke kuʻina, ka welo maikaʻi, a i ʻole ke kaʻawale ʻana i ka hatching. Holo nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki o 71 a 79 lā.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka Chomga

Hoʻopili nā mākua i nā hua me ka waiwai mai ka pūnana ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana. Mālama ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau mea i ka poʻe mea make mua, ka coot (Fulica atra), ka mea e ʻai ai i nā hua. Ke pōʻino ka pōpilikia, pani ka makua i ka hua, lele i loko o ka wai a kahe aku ma kahi kūpono i kahi mamao. ʻO kekahi ʻano hana anti-predator e kōkua nei i nā chomgah e hūnā i ka hua ʻili o ke ʻano o nā nest e paʻa a ʻoki paha i loko o ka wai. Pale kēia i nā hua hua mai ka mea puni ʻāina.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ke pale i ka wānana, lawe nā pākeke i nā moa ma ko lākou mau kua a hiki i 3 wiki ma hope o ka hatching.

Hoʻokomo nā scvernngers a me ka pame i kahi chomg liʻiliʻi i ka wā e haʻalele ai ko lākou mau mākua iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai kaila kekahi kumu no ka nalowale o ka hānau. Wahi a nā haʻawina like ʻole ma UK, ka ʻĀina Europa a me Lūkia, mai ka 2.1 a hiki i ka 2.6 cubs i hāʻule i kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu. ʻO kekahi mau keikikeli e make i ka pololi no ka pau leʻa i ka manu makua. He hopena maikaʻi nō hoʻi o nā kūlana maikaʻi i ka nui o nā moa i koe.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka pale o chomga i ka kenekulia 19 ua lilo ia i kumu nui o ka Hui Pelekane no ka pale o nā holoholona. ʻO ka umu paluma, a me ka silky o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana. ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā hana i hana iā ia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kola, nā pāpale a me nā hui. Mahalo i nā hana e pale aku i ka RSPB, ua mālama ʻia nā ʻano ma UK.

ʻO ka mea nui ka iʻa no ka chomga, ʻimi mau ka poʻe. Hōʻalo ka nui o ka hoʻoweliweli mai ka poʻe lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, nā lawaiʻa a me nā mea hoʻonaninani wai i ka nui e kipa aku ana i nā loko liʻiliʻi a me ko lākou wahi kahakai, no laila ʻo ka manu, ʻoiai ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi kūlohelohe, e lilo ka mea maʻamau.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Whakaahua: Duck Chomga

Ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka chomgas ma muli o ka wawa a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o ka hana kaiāulu, ua lawe ʻia nā hana e hōʻemi ai i kā lākou hopu ʻana, a he nui ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā poʻe i hōʻike ʻia mai nā makahiki 1960. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonui nui ka ʻike i kāna wahi. ʻO ka hoʻonui hoʻonui ʻia o nā helu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kaiāulu ma muli o ka eutrophication o nā wai ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai me nā momona, a no laila, ʻo ka lako o nā meaʻai maikaʻi, a me nā iʻa keʻokeʻo. Ua hāʻawi pū ʻia ka hana kūkulu ʻana i nā loko o ka loko iʻa a me nā mea kanu wai.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka nui o nā mea i loko o ʻEulopa mai 300,000 a 450,000 o nā pihi hakakā. Aia ka nui o ka hapanui ma nā ʻāpana ʻĀpana o Rūsia, ma kahi o 90,000 a 150,000 mau pakanikoa i loaʻa. ʻO nā'āina me nā mea he 15,000 mau pālua lawelawe ʻo Finland, Lithuania, Polani, Romania, Sweden a me Ukraine. Ma waena o ʻEulopa, ma waena o 63,000 a me 90,000 nā huila hoʻoulu.

Ua ʻimi ʻia ʻo Chomg no ka meaʻai ma Aotearoa a me kahi kīlei ma Pelekane. ʻAʻole lākou i hopohopo hou i ka hānai holoholona, ​​akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā hopena a ke kanaka, e komo me ka hoʻololi i nā loko, ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kauhale, ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hoʻokūkū, ka helehelena o nā mea kuhi, nā ʻāpana lawaiʻa, nā lawaiʻa a me ka maiʻa manu. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa, e like me IUCN, he kūlana mālama lākou, ʻo ia ka mea hopohopo nui.

Chomga kekahi ʻano ʻāpana e pili nui i ka loli ʻana i ka huli ʻana o ka honua. Kekahi hui noiʻi e noiʻi ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā manu neʻe i ʻEulopa e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike e loli nui ana ka māhele o ka māhele ʻōiwi ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 21. Wahi a kēia wānana, e hoʻēmi ana kēia wahi ma kahi o ka hapakolu a hiki i ka manawa mua. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻāina hōʻala e hiki mai ana ke Kola Peninsula, kahi ʻāpana loa i ke komohana o Rūsia.