Noho nā Gorals i kahi kūlana waena ma waena o nā kao a me nā anelope a loaʻa nā hōʻailona ʻelua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hele i 120 cm, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo ka 75 cm, a ʻo ka paona mai 40 a 45 kg. Loaʻa nā pūpū pili a 18 cm lōʻihi i nā kāne a me nā wahine. He ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia ka polahu, i kekahi manawa hina, i ka wā o ka ʻāʻī wale, ke kumu a me nā ʻāpana o ka huelo e hoʻomālamalama maoli.
Ma kona wahi e noho ai
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Gur goral kahi subspecies o ka Himalayan (Naemorhedus goral), ʻaʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa. Ma Lūkia, nā palena ʻākau o ka laulā o ka mauna ʻo Amur e hele ai. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā wahi ʻo Khabarovsk a me Primorsky, e noho ana ʻo Sikhote Alin, kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ka hapanui o ka heluna ma kahakai mai Cape Ostrovnoy a hiki i Cape Belkin. ʻIke ʻia nā mauna Amur i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 500 a 2000 m ma luna o ke kai, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho o Rūsia, ua kākau ʻia nā mauna ma ka ʻūlani komohana o Kina, ʻĀkau a me Korea Hema. ʻO nā holoholona holoholona hoihoi nā lāʻau ʻōkuhi, maluhia a me nā ulu lāʻau. Ma ke kuahiwi, e pili ana ke kuahiwi ʻo Amur i nā ʻōpala kedera.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ka Amur Goral kahi holoholona territorial i noho nui i ka noho ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e helu ana mai ka 4 a 12 mau pahuhopu. Ma ke poʻo, i ke kānāwai, he alakaʻi kāne akamai. Hoʻohana nui nā holoholona i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi ahiahi. Hiki i nā mauna ʻo Amur i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. ʻO ka wā hānai e hāʻule ana i ka wā anu loa o ka makahiki - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo. Manaʻo ka wahine i ka hānai o ke pēpē aneane ʻeono mahina, i ka hopena o ke kauwela ua hoʻopiha hou ka nui o nā ʻohana me nā lālā hou. ʻO ka malama mua o ko lākou ola, makemake nui nā keiki e hoʻolimalima i nā hale palekana, inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hele ma kahi huakaʻi me kā lākou bipi. Mālama ka wahine i ka cub no ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau malama.
Ke hānai nei ʻo Gorals i nā meaʻai kanu: nā lau o nā kumulāʻau i nā mea kanu, nā lau hou, ka wai momona, nā lichens, nā ʻūhā, nā huaʻai, a me nā wāʻai mau manawa. ʻO 15 mau makahiki ka nui o ke ola he 15 mau makahiki.
He hoihoi
ʻO ka inoa generic Latin o ka goral naemorhedus mai i loko o nā huaʻōlelo nemus - "grove", "forest" a me haedus - "keiki", e hōʻike ana i nā nohona ululāʻau o kēia mau halepapaʻa. Akā ʻo ka inoa "goral" i hiki mai iā mākou mai ka ʻōlelo ʻĀina.
I loko o ke Kauka ʻAmelika o Lūkia
ʻO kēia kekahi o kēlā mau holoholona līlio holoholona e hala ʻole nā pale palekana kūikawā e nalo i ka hihiu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ʻo ka nui o nā mauna Amur ma Rūsia he 750 holoholona. I kēia manawa, noho paha nā 900 spimens ma ka Primorsky Territory, ma kahi o 90% o lākou i nā mea mālama a me nā wahi kūlohelohe. Mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana Amur i ka waiwai o Sikhote-Alin, mālama ʻia ʻo Lazovsky, a i loko o ke kahua o Zheleznyavsky, a ma kekahi mau ʻona mālama mālama. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i loko o ka International Red List, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka honua.
ʻO ka pilikia nui o nā mauna Amur ko lākou hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi koke i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā maloʻo hau maloʻo a me nā wela wela, hiki i nā hōʻuluʻulu maloʻo kahi mea e make ai ka make i nā holoholona. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻo ka uhi piha o ka hau. Hoʻopiha nui loa ia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ke ʻano maʻamau o ka gorillas. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli maoli i ka lehulehu he epizootic. Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻopiha ai.
ʻO ke kino o ke kuahiwi ʻo Amur
ʻO nā holoholona o ka nui, ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 100 a 130 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo 70-90 cm.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala mai 172 a 214 mm. ʻO ke kaumaha a 48 kg.
Maikaʻi paha ka pā, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā kao. ʻO kahi kino nui i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lōʻihi, shaggy e kau ana ma luna o nā wāwae pōkole. Ua pololei a ʻāʻī paha ka ʻaoʻao o ke kiʻi, i kekahi manawa ke paʻa nei ka ʻōpū ma lalo o ka malo. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka poʻo, ke kuʻi ʻana i ka cone cone i mua o nā maka, akā nalo i ka hope. ʻOi aku ka ʻōhumu o ka ihu (kahi wahi kaʻawale ma ke kihi o ka muzzle) i hoʻopihapiha ʻia ma mua o nā kao a me nā hipa, lawelawe ʻia kēlā me ka nui o ka wahi ma waena o nā nostrils, piʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o luna, a kau pū hoʻi ma ke ʻano o kahi kaula ākea i ka waena o ka lehelehe luna. ʻO ka lehelehe luna, koe wale nō kahi kaula median pōkole, i uhi ʻia i ka lauoho. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, ʻiliʻili ʻole i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻōuli ʻeleʻele ka iris. Pono ka pepeiao, 12-14 cm, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o ke poʻo.
ʻO nā kāne a me ka wahine wahine nā pūlima. Aia ko lākou mau kumu kūlaʻi ma hope o nā kumu o nā maka, ua ʻihi i ke kua i hope. Ua ka puni ka ʻāpana hele, me kahi girth i loko o nā kumu o ka 8-11 cm, e kuhikuhi ʻia i nā poʻo o ka pū. ʻAʻole ka lōʻihi o ka mamao ma waena o kā lākou mau waihona .1-1 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā pū i ka kāne ka 16 a 19-20 cm, i nā wahine ʻoi aku ka pōkole ʻAʻeleʻele ke kala, aneane ʻeleʻele. Puni ka uhi o ka pū i ʻelua hapakolu o ke kumu he mau wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili kokoke ana i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka piko o ka pu lā wale nō. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā apo i ka wā he ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe me ke ʻano ʻo ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka ʻāʻī a pōkole a, mahalo i ke kapa loloa, ʻano mānoanoa hoʻi, mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano mālie. He poʻawaʻu ka wāwae, ʻo ka lalo ma lalo o nā carpal a me nā ʻekeʻeke. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hoove ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ma mua o nā forelimbs mai 33 a 40 mm, ma nā ʻāpana hulina 2-5 mm a lalo, ka lōʻihi mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke au i ka poʻomanaʻo kūmole i ka piko ma nā wāwae mua 47-58 mm. ma ke kua 42-52 mm. ʻOi nui ka nui o nā mahele, e pili ana i 20-25 mm. He lōʻihi ka hiʻu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka subfamily, ʻo kona lōʻihi me ka lauoho ʻole he 11-19 cm, me ka lauoho a hiki i 46 cm, me nā lauoho i uhi ʻia mai luna a mai lalo.
ʻO kahi noho a ka ʻāpana o nā mauna ʻo Amur
I ka mokuʻo Fossil, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā koena e pili ana i nā gologana i kēia wā a hiki i kēia manawa. Nā kuhi, a i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻohui ʻana mai o ka Pleistocene i ʻike mai Kina ʻaʻole paʻa. Wahi a ka ʻikepili i loaʻa e ka mea kākau o ka ʻAha ʻAhae o ka Lore ʻĀina, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, i ka wā o ka ʻāʻulu ʻana o nā noho o nā wā kahiko, loaʻa nā iwi o nā kuahiwi i nā wahi kuahiwi o ka ʻAha ʻĀwau - Khingano-Arkharinsky a me Mazanovsky. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i maopopo iaʻu ka wā o ka papale o nā papa.
I kēia manawa, aia ka palena o ka mauna Amur e pili ana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Far East, Korea a me ke kaʻe komohana, waena a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o China: Sichuan, Yunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, a me Burma a hiki i Arakan.
Biology a me ke ʻano o nā puʻuʻo Amur
ʻO ke kumu o ke biology o ka Amur goral i aʻo ʻia ma muli o kāna helu liʻiliʻi a me ka noho ʻana ma kahi paʻakikī e hōʻea i nā wahi. ʻO ka pālahalaha ʻana o kēia holoholona hihiu me ka hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻōpala. Ma Kina, ua noho ka mauna i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pihi a me ka hiki ʻole i nā pali, ʻoi aku ka makemake a ʻānō o nā mauna a pau. ʻAe mau ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi ke wiwo ʻana i nā wahi kuahiwi kuahiwi kuahiwi pōkole no ka manawa pōkole lākou e hānai iā lākou iho i nā pā maka, kokoke i ko lākou wahi papa.
ʻO nā mea maʻalahi loa i ke ola o nā gorals he mau papa kōhaka moana ka mea i paʻa i ka inoa inoa "palau", ʻo ia ke kumu o nā pōhaku. Ma aneʻi, i loko o kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā pōhaku, loaʻa i nā gorals ke ola maikaʻi loa. I ka hoʻoilo, ma waena o nā pali he mau wahi hau ʻole a me nā lā i kahi o ke ʻano huina aniani i kahiʻaila. Aia nā wahi kūpono i hiki ʻole i ke ʻulepule a paʻakikī a hiki i ka hele ʻana no ka poʻe ʻimi. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ma ʻaneʻi, a pakele nā ʻelele mai ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻenemi.
Amur goral
Amur goral
ʻO ka Amur Goral, he ʻelele o nā bovids, he holoholona luhi a hoihoi ia.
He mau wahi kakaikahi wale nō a hapa wale nō nā pūʻulu o ka Amur gorals i ke kūkulu hema a waena o Primorye i ola i ka Lūkini Rūsia. Amur goral noho i nā wahi kālaiʻu o nā mauna Sikhote-Alin a he holoholona hopu holoholona ia ma ka hema o ka Hikina Hema. Ua hoʻohana maoli ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina i nā ʻāpana āpau o ia mea - mai nā pu a me ka mauʻu i ke koko a me ka ʻiʻo. No laila ua ʻohi ʻia ka ʻāʻī Amur i ka hōʻino nui ʻana, ua lawaiʻa ʻo ia me kāna lawaiʻa palupalu me kāna laha. ʻO ke pāpā paʻa loa i ka lawaiʻa no ke kuahiwi ʻo Amur a me ka hoʻonohonoho o nā wahi mālama i pale ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana.
Ke noho nei ʻo Amur ma kahakai o ke kai o Iapana ma waena o nā kaila o Terney a me Taviz, nui nā hui kaawale o kēia holoholona mālama ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Primorye - ma ka moku Lazovsky ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaao i kēia lā ka ʻāpana o Sudzukhinsky a me kā Rizhote-Alinsky e mālama nei. ʻO ka huina o nā mauna Amur ma ka ʻāpana Hikina ʻaʻoleʻoi aku i kahi o nā holoholona 300.
Ma waho, like ka amur goral e like me kahi kao liʻiliʻi home me nā wāwae pōkole. He holoholona kēia me ka umauma nui, nā iwi ikaika a me kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi. He ʻokoʻa nui ka kala, mai ka ʻāmike māmā, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he brown. Ma ka ʻōpū he wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i nā kāne e iho ana i ka umauma. Ke kāʻei ʻūlima pōʻeleʻele i ke kuahiwi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio. Aia ka lōʻihi o kekahi pākeke i ke lōʻihi he 161 kenimika pākahi a ke kaupaona ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 kilograms. E like me nā lālā o nā pou o ke kuahiwi, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona ʻo Amur i nā hiʻona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pā kaohi, nā mea paʻa a me nā pulu, nā ʻūhā hooneʻe elastic e kahakaha ʻia e kahi pā maloʻo. Hāʻawi i ka holoholona me ke kākoʻo ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka palahalaha, i kekahi manawa he mau kāʻei pōhaku i kēlā me kēia.
ʻĀnō i nā ʻōmaka Amur e noho ana i nā kapakai o nā kahakai e kū pono ana i ke kai. Ma ka muli o lalo, he mau pōhaku pihi kēia e ʻoki ana i nā kahawai hohonu. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o nā puʻu kahakai ma mua ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 600 mika ma luna o ke kai.
ʻAno like ka ʻai o ke kuahiwi ʻo Amur. ʻO kona hānai i nā mea he 60 mau mea ʻoiola, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu - ʻoak, birch, linden, elderberry, nāwa ʻōpala, wormwood, sorrel, vetch, clover-mariannik, buzulnik, angelica, geranium, mytnik, ʻākala, nā pua a me nā mea he nui ʻē aʻe. .Iho mau makahiki i hala, i ka nui o ka nui o ka mauna Amur, ma waena o nā pōhaku i loaʻa i nā pu a 20-25 o kēia mau holoholona. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe holoholona nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, paʻa i nā kuahiwi i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi e noho ana i kahi wahine ʻōpio a he kāne a hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau ʻōpio. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hālāwai me kahi ʻohana o 7-8 kanaka, ma ke ʻano he ʻelua ʻohana. I ka hopena o ka pūnāwai, e haki ana kēia mau ʻohana, i ka wā e haʻalele ai nā wahine hāpai i ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki i hala a hoʻomaka e huli i nā wahi huna no ka hipa.
I ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka o Iune, ma hope o 8-8.5 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana, hānau mai ka wahine i kahi, e emi pinepine ai ʻelua mau ʻāpana. I ka piha ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki, aneane ʻole nā ʻōpio mai nā pākeke a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa. ʻO Puberty, eia naʻe, i loko o lākou, ka mea, ma hope, no ka mea ke komo wale nō nā poʻe pākeke i ka rut.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mauna ʻo Amur kona lohi. Holo mālie nā holoholona mai kahi a kahi i kahi, kū pinepine a hoʻolohe. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka wikiwiki me ka holoholona e waiho wale ana i kahaha. Ua maʻalahi lākou, me ka holo ʻana, lele ma luna o nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe a kauā, e piʻi ana i ʻelua mau mika i ke kiʻekiʻe a kū ana ma kahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi o ka pōhaku me nā wāwae ʻehā. Hele i nā mauna Amur mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 8-10 mau mika. Ma kahi kikoʻī, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā peke he 5-5.3 mika i kahi laina me ka holo ʻole. Ma ka laoa a i ʻole haki paha, inā nui ka hoʻoilo hohonu, hoʻomāneʻeneʻe ka luaʻo Amur a hiki i ka lilo no ka poʻe wīwī. I ka pīhoihoi, e wikiwiki ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā pōhaku, kahi i hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke pani ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā mea ʻelua hope loa, ʻoiai ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻīlio ma Primorye i nā makahiki i hala aku nei.
I kekahi manawa, aia kahi manaʻo no nā mauna Amur he mau manu kaua ʻole ʻia, hopohopo. Ua wehewehe kēia i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kona ʻano. Eia naʻe, hana i hana i nā makahiki i hala aku nei e G. F. Bromley, K. G. Abramov. ʻO O. V. Bendland, a me kā mākou nānā ʻana ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei me ka pale maikaʻi a me ka hoʻouluulu hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻaʻole i make ka mauna, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna helu.
ʻAiʻai ʻona Amur
ʻAno like ka ʻai o ke kuahiwi ʻo Amur. Mai ka pūnāwai mua a hiki i Mei, ʻo ka ulu ʻana i nā mea ulu lāʻau i nā kumu kūpono o ka meaʻai, ka mea, e like me ʻo K. G. Abramov, ʻo ka lanceolate sedge ka mea nui loa. I ke kauwela, ka ʻai i ka fescue, Woodruff, bison, pleikrantus, vetch a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, me ka ʻalaʻala, ka lāʻau lawena, nā lau a me nā hua pua o nā mea palaʻai: Amur huaʻai, oki, linden, lehu Manchurian a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka wā hāʻule, ua hānai lākou i nā hua lāʻau, nā lau hāʻule o nā kumulāʻau, mauʻu maloʻo. ʻO ka mau lau maloʻo, me ka ʻai lāʻau-a-twig ke kumu i ka hoʻoilo momona. ʻO nā ʻano ʻai ʻē aʻe, ua kapa ʻia nā gorals i nā liceso lāʻau a me nā algae.
Ma muli o ka wā o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ua ʻike ʻia nā luli o nā gorals. I ke kahawai mua, ke piʻi nei lākou i luna ma nā kuʻuna o ka lā, kahi i ʻike mua ai nā mākele. I ka wā hoʻoilo, a make ka mea kanu i nā kuahiwi, hele ka holoholona i mea hānai ma nā kīkī kahakai, kahi e kū lōʻihi ai ka meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ka Holo o nā mauna ʻo Amur
ʻAkeo ʻaʻole ʻike i ka pili o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana mai o ka pua Amur. Noho nā kāne wahine a me nā wahine i nā mahina Kepakemapa. Malia paha i kēia manawa ke holo wikiwiki nei. Ma ka Hikina Holo, lawe pinepine nā wahine i kahi pinepine ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi, ua emi a ʻelua mau ʻūlū ʻia i ka hopena o Mei a i ka hapa mua o Iune. No ka ʻālima, ua koho ʻia nā wahi ākea loa i loko o nā pōhaku. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ola ola ʻana i ka nahele. Ma Lākana Zoological Garden, ua ola ke kanaka kāne 17 i nā makahiki he 7, 7 mau mahina a me 23 lā.
Ke nānā - Amur Goral
Nā Manaʻo:
1. I.I. Sokolov "Fauna o ka USSR, Ungulates" Hale Paʻi o ka Hale Paʻi o ke ʻIaʻepekema, Moscow, 1959.
Wehewehe
- ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā Gorals mai nā poʻe kao hale. Hoʻohui ke kino a hiki i 100 cm ka lōʻihi.ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana a ʻano ma waena o 35-40 kg. I loko o nā mea āpau o kēia ʻanoʻano, ke ʻū a kahuhū nei, ua elongated, i ke kauwela ke ʻike ʻole ia. No ka kala, hiki ke keokeo ka mauna, ʻulaʻula a me ka hina.
- Hoʻohui ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka mānoanoa a me nā wāwae nui, i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho elongated, no ka laʻana, a me ke koena o ke kino. E like me nā hiʻohiʻona nui, he liʻiliʻi nā maka: he nui loa ka lolo ʻana, i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Loaʻa nā pūkili ma mua o 13 cm.
- ʻO nā pua i ke ʻano o kahi kuahiwi, ke pua nui nei lākou i ka leo aniani a ʻeleʻele paha. Ua koi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna, e like me ka cone. Heʻuʻuku nā hoove, e ʻoluʻolu iā ʻoe e neʻe ma luna o nā pōhaku a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i paʻa ʻole ʻia. ʻIke nā holoholona i nā hoone ʻAmona bulle, no laila ua māhuahua pono ʻia e nā limu wāwae a aneane ʻole ke hāʻule o ka lau.
- E like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ʻo kēia mau kānaka e like me kahi wahi kuahiwi mauna (kahi). Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma Kina, Lūkia, Korea a me Burma. Ma mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāpana lehulehu i kahi kokoke i Khabarovsk a me ka Teritori Primorsky. I kēia manawa he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā mauna.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o ka mauna
ʻO kekahi holoholona e halihali i ka inoa hoʻokiʻekiʻe o "goli", E like loa me ka kao kāne maʻamau a nā poʻe a pau i ʻike a ʻike ai. Eia naʻe, inā e nānā pono ʻoe, e ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa.
Ma ke ʻano, he ʻano kea ma waena o kahi anelope a me ke kao. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo goral i ke kiʻi, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he ʻokoʻa kona mau pū a me kāna kāʻei.
Hiki i ke kino o kēia artiodactyl ke kiʻekiʻe o 118 cm, a ke kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe ma 75 cm i ka malo. Hiki ke kaupaona iā 32 a hiki i ka 42 kg. He poʻo hina, he hina hina a he ʻulaʻula paha ka poʻe Gorals. Ma lalo o ka ʻūhā o nā kāne maikaʻi he ʻōhulu ʻolokeʻa o ka huluhulu keʻokeʻo, ʻo ke kumu o ka huelo ka mea māmā he maka māmā.
Hoʻoulu ka huʻu i ka 18 cm a hoʻonani ʻia i ka lauoho lōʻihi, e like me ka lauoho.ʻO nā kāne a me nā kāne, hoʻonani lākou i nā pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele i ka kaula transverse. Horn 13 a 18 cm lōʻihi.
He mea paʻakikī ke kāhea aku i kēia mau holoholona i nūpepa, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole e kaohi ka kino o lākou i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wikiwiki a wikiwiki. Eia kekahi, maʻalahi lākou e piʻi i nā wahi i hiki i ke kanaka ke holo wale nō.
Aia kēlā mau puʻu i ka uluʻu, i kekahi manawa ke hele nei nā ala o kēia mau holoholona i kēlā me nā pali a me ke aho, ma kahi ke hele ʻole ʻia ai kahi wāwae e hele ai, akā, ʻo kēia "mea ʻoi a hoʻohana" ka hoʻohana i kahi pothole iki, kahi mākaʻi liʻiliʻi e hele ai i luna.
Ma nā pōhaku, piʻi nā holoholona i pili i kahi paia pōhaku, e piʻi ana i luna. Mai kēia wā pinepine nā ʻaoʻao o ka mauna.
Akā i loko o ka hukele hohonu, manaʻo kēia dodger i kahi pākuʻi. Eia pono ia he nāwaliwali a paʻakikī loa - hiki i kekahi ʻīlio ke hopu iā ia. Noho ʻo Goral i Lusia, i noho i Burma, ma ke Kōkua Penia, ma Kina.
He mea kūpono loa iā ia i nā ʻāina nā wahi kokoke i ka waha o ka muliwai ʻo Amur, ma ka Bureya Range. Maikaʻi koke ʻo ia a noho ma kahi kālai Sikhote –Alinsky.
Nā ʻano o mauna
ʻO ka hū holoholona holoholona he 4 wale nō ʻano:
Kahuika Himalayan. ^ E Ha yM. He iwi nunui ka nui o ka pua Himalayan, o kona kiʻekiʻe i ka pūleʻa e hiki i 70 cm i kekahi mau kanaka.ʻO kēia holoholona me nā wāwae ikaika, i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho paʻakikī, he undercoat waiwai nui. Ma ke kua o ke kua, ʻo nā kāne kekahi i kahi pū.
Hāpono ka Himalayan, he ʻelua subspecies - brown a hina greoral. He ʻulaʻula uliuli ka ʻulaʻula hina, a ʻo ke kala ka ʻoniʻoni i nā poni ʻoniʻoni.
Kahuika Himalayan
Tibetan goral. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole ʻano kupaianaha loa. ʻAʻole nui kēia mākole, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo o ka wahine e loaʻa wale i ka 60 cm, a ʻo ka paona, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30 kg. Pono e ʻōlelo wau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAʻohe mau kāne i ka mākaʻowai, akā he curved kā lākou mau pepeiaohao.
Loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona kahi ʻaʻahu o kona kala - ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka huluhulu ʻulaʻula ulaula, ʻeleʻele ka kua i loko o ke kala, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū, ka umauma a me ka ʻūhā. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio'ōpiopio, ʻoi aku nei i hui pū ʻia me kahi keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou lae. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke ʻano he manawa, nalowale nā "nani".
Tibetan goral
East Goral. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻano like like me kahi kao. He kino ikaika kona, he hina keokeo a kona lauoho, a i ka wā kuʻu he i ke kāʻei o ka ʻeleʻele. Mālamua ka lauoho i ka ʻāʻī. Kupanaha kēia ʻano holoholona i kona mau pepeia - ua pōkole lākou a kūlou i hope.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka ʻeha hikina
Amur goral ua helu ʻia ma ka Red Red Book. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maule a hiki i ka 80 cm, a ʻo ka paona ua aneane 50 kg. He lei poʻo hina-hina paha. He pena ia i ka paʻi ʻia - aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma, aia hoʻi nā lehelehe "ʻae" i ke keʻokeʻo, ma ke kumu o ka huelo a laila he keokeo keʻokeʻo a aia nō hoʻi nā "kūmole keʻokeʻo."
I ke kiʻi, ʻo Amur Goral
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kuahiwi
ʻOkoʻa like ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hōʻuluʻulu nā gorals Himalayan i nā kau, hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea he 12. Eia kekahi, pili nā holoholona hoʻokahi mai ka pipi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hele ke kāne a wīwī, makemake ʻo ia e noho hoʻokahi.
ʻAʻole aloha nui loa i kahi lā makaʻala, lā hoʻi ka hana ma ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi ahiahi paha. Eia nō naʻe, inā he ao ka ua a he lā paha ka lā, ʻaʻole nō ka pumau o ka mauna.
Akā i ka lā pīkole ke neʻe ʻo ia. Ke koho ʻo ia i kahi leʻaleʻa e hoʻomaha ai, e hoʻopunipuni a, ʻoiai, hoʻohui pū me nā mea kanu e kokoke ana. He hoʻomaopopo paʻakikī loa. Ua makemake e noho wale nā waha o Tibet e noho wale. Mālama pū kekahi i nā hui, akā ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou helu.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona hele. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka wahi hoʻokahi i ka manawa āpau. I kēlā me kēia manawa ke hoʻololi nei i ko lākou wahi. I ke kauwela, hoʻowalewale ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻuala mauʻu, aia i nā kaona, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, iho lākou i lalo o ka laina hau.
ʻO ka ʻekeʻohana ʻo East Gorals. Ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, piʻi koke lākou i luna a piʻi i kēlā mau pōhaku, kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā holoholona ʻē ke loaʻa. Noho lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi (4-6 mau pahuhopu), waiho a nā ʻelemakule a noho kaʻawale.
I ke kauwela, noho ka wahine me nā kao keiki. Noho pinepine nā Mīkini Amur noho hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka pōʻino i ka pali, kahi āna i ʻike ai i ka palekana.
E makemake i kahi nohona hoʻonaninani. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke pale i ka niho, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka pū. Mālama lākou iā lākou iho i nā ʻenemi me nā leo nui, akā inā ʻaʻole kōkua kēia, lawe ʻia lākou i loko o nā pihi nui i ka pali.
ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻohoka ʻia no ka holo lōʻihi - ʻaʻole lōʻihi o lākou i nā wāwae wāwae, ʻaʻole aniani ko lākou mau kino. Akā hiki iā lākou ke lele i ka lōʻihi o 3 mika. Hoʻopilikia loa Gorely i ka hoʻoilo, no laila ka hoʻoheheʻe hau, inā ʻoi aku kāna papela ma mua o 25 cm, ʻae lākou.
Ma waena o kā lākou mau ʻohana e hōʻike ʻole i kahi kipi. Ma ka hewa ʻole, hoʻolaha kēia mau holoholona i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ka pōʻino (emit a hiss), loaʻa i nā kāne ka meaʻai a kāhea i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui e kahele ʻana i ka ʻaina awakea.
ʻO ka pinepine, hālāwai ka hui o nā gorals i kahi hui ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻohe mea e wehewehe o ka pili. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka wā o ka rut, ʻo nā kāne ke hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā, akā ʻoi aku kēia maʻa ma kahi o ke makemake e hoʻopau i kahi hoa kū.
Ke kaupalena nei i nā mea kumu
Nui loa ka nui o ka huaʻala o ka waha, akā, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana o nā holoholona he 0.5 - 1.5 mau makahiki i loaʻa ka awelika o 36%. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka helu o ka gorals i hoʻopau ʻia e lākou e nā kānaka a me kahi loli i ko lākou mau noho. ʻO nā ʻīlio kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi o nā goral (luku iā 3 a 18%), nā lynxes a me nā leopards. ʻO Harz a me ka ʻewa e pio ai i nā keiki.
Ke kūlana ʻona
ʻAʻole ʻike ka ʻike ʻike nui. I ka makahiki 1977, ma kahi o 600-700 mau pali i noho ma ka ʻAla Hikina o USSR, kahi o 90% i mau hale mālama a me nā ʻapuʻawe (Lazovsky a me Sikhote-Alinsky).
Kekahi manu nā mea mālama ʻia, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka International Red Book ma ke ʻano he mea pau ʻole o ka māhele I. I Lūkini, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pāpā maʻa me ka hana ʻana i ka hana ma 1924.
Hoʻaiho
I kēia manawa, nohoʻo Gorel i ka'āina o ke Teritori Primorsky. Akā, ʻaʻohe maopopo o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kinohi - ua ʻuluʻulu ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi mau keneta a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻāina a inā ua pau ka hānai ma laila. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kumu o kahi pālua ka mea ke koho wale ʻia ke kuahiwi ma kahi mauna wale nō, a ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi mamao loa ma nā wahi āpau.
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ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona ma Lūsia ma muli o ka poaching a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā ʻāina āpau i kūpono i ke noho ʻana i nā kuahiwi. I kēia manawa, noho kēia subspecies o kekahi kao kuahiwi i Iapana a me Asia Hema.
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Kāleka
He like like ʻo Amur Goral ma ka ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ke kao. Paele ka lole i loko o ke kala, akā kokoke i ke ʻāʻī e lilo i mama, ʻo kekahi mau kanaka i kekahi manawa ke kīkī ke keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi. Ma ka kua, ma ke kua o ka pōiwi, hele aʻeleʻele hoʻi ke oho, no ka mea ke ʻike ʻia ka poli ʻeleʻele.
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He kino ua paʻa ke kino o ke kuahiwi. ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻae iā iā e hiki ke piʻi pono i nā kuahiwi mauna, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai ʻo ia me kahi kao kuahiwi.
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Ua pōkole nā kāne a me ke kāne i nā pepeiaohiwi i hope. Ma ke kumu heʻeleʻele lākou, akā kokoke i ka piko i lilo lākou i mama. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pū i ka mea he 30 kenimika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika, akā ʻo ka laulā o ka wahine a me ke kāne e like me waena o 32-40 kilograms.
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ʻAʻole like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o kēia mau ʻano, heʻuʻuku loa ka nui o Amur, akā i ka manawa like, ua mauʻu ikaika i nā puʻu, e ʻae iā ia i ka pana ʻana i nā pulu a pau ma luna o ka ihu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka neʻe wikiwiki a palekana i nā kuahiwi, ʻoiai he mau ʻano hemo.
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ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
E mālama ʻia ana ka lāhui ma Kepakemapa - Nowemapa. I kēia manawa, mālama i ka mauna i ʻelua. I Mei-Iune, hānau ʻia nā keiki. Hoʻokahi wale kahi pēpē i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi makuahine, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi loa.
Mākaukau maikaʻi ka wahine no ka hānau ʻana. Ua koho ʻo ia i kahi e kokoke ana i kahi wahiʻu maikaʻi, kokoke i ka lua wai, a hiki ʻole i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe - i loko o nā ana a i ʻole ma nā puʻu pōhaku.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā pēpē, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka makuahine i ka home no ka lā hoʻokahi, akā ma ka lua o ka lā, hiki nui nā keiki ke hahai koke i ka makuahine, a haʻalele ka wahine i kāna pū me nā keiki.
E lele maoli nā kao keiki a luna ma luna o nā pōhaku ma hope o ko lākou makuahine, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kona neʻe ʻana, e ʻike i ka honua o waho a e ʻimi e loaʻa i ka ʻai. Akā, i kēia manawa āpau e hānai ai ka wahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū, a hoʻomau ka ʻai like a hiki i ka hāʻule.
Ke ulu a nui ke keiki, ua ʻimi mau nei ʻo ia i ka huki i kona makuahine - ke kūlou nei a ʻūlū hoʻi ma lalo o kona ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole e kū ka makuahine i ka hana me ka ʻōpio, ua ʻoki wale ʻo ia.
Noho ka poʻe ʻōpiopio ma kahi o ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka pūnāwai. A ʻelua mau makahiki o ke ola ʻana lākou i ka wā puberty. ʻAkole loa ke ola o nā gorals i ka nahele. Noho wale nā Males a hiki i 5-6 mau makahiki. Noho lōʻihi nā wahine i nā makahiki - a hiki i ka 8-10 makahiki. Akā ma lalo o ke ʻano hana i hana ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i 18 mau makahiki.
I ke kiʻi, ua kūloko ke keiki
Kahu kiaʻi
He nui kēia o nā ʻenemi a pale ʻole i kēia mau holoholona, a nāwaliwali loa ka pale ʻana. I ke kūlohelohe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo lākou he mea maʻalahi no nā kula o nā ʻīlio, no ka ʻaeto, nā leopards, lynx.
Akā ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa he kāne. ʻAʻole wale ia, ma muli o ke kūkulu mau ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāina, ke emi mau nei ke ʻano o nā gorals, no laila ke ʻimi nei ke kanaka no kēia holoholona.
Manaʻo ka poʻe Kina a me Tibetans i ka decoction i hana ʻia mai ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o kahi kuahiwi e hoʻōla ai, hoʻohana nā kānaka Udege i ke koko a me nā pepeiaohao, a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe i pepehi wale i kēia mau kao no ka mea momona maikaʻi a me ka hulu mahana.
A ke kumu, ua helu ʻia nā ʻano puaʻa a pau i ka Puke ʻaha, ʻike ʻia kā lākou mau helu a ma lalo o ka malu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe, i kahi hapakolu o ka nui o ka nui o nā holoholona holoholona. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana ma ka mālama aviary (Lazovsky Reserve).
