Pōho ʻeleʻele ulaula | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Kumukanawai |
Nā Hōʻailona: | Hexanchida |
Ohana: | Nā hiʻahu ʻeleʻele (ʻO Chlamydoselachidae Garman, 1884) |
Nānā: | Pōho ʻeleʻele ulaula |
- Didymodus anguineus
Garman, 1884
Pōho ʻeleʻele ulaula , a i ole lacquer (lat. Chlamydoselachus anguineus) he ʻano ʻohana pili i ka iʻa cartilaginous mai loko mai o ka hua mea i piha ʻia nā lau me ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana. ʻO waho, he ʻike like ia me he nahesa a iʻa paha a i ʻole ma nā hiʻi. Noho ia ma ka moana Atlantika a me ka Pakipika. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano līlū ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa o ka nūhou a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa o ka ʻenehana i ka hohonu o ka 1570 m. Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka lamellar shark i kapa ʻia he "fossil ola". ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i paʻa ai ka 2 m. I ka shark lamellar, ua hoʻololi ke kino ula, nā dorsal, ventral a me nā anal fins i ka huelo.
Holo kēia holoholona hihiu e like me ka nahesa, e hāhū ana i kona kino a hana i ka lele mua. ʻO nā ʻōpala lōʻihi a me nā pūnaewele lōʻihi hoʻi e ʻānai ai i kahi nui i ka nui, ʻoiai nā lālani he nui o nā niho liʻiliʻi a me nā ngika pono e pale iā ia i pakele. ʻO ka papa ʻai ka mea nui o nā cephalopods, me nā iʻa a me nā iʻa ʻona hoʻi. Nā moʻo ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka hānau ʻana o ka placental. Noho ʻo Pregnancy a hiki i ka 3.5 makahiki, ʻo ia ka manawa lōʻihi loa i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā vertebrates. I ka litter mai 2 a 15 cubs. ʻAʻole lawa ke ʻano o ka Reproduction. Kīʻī ʻia nā ʻuʻaka i kā Shark e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā ʻupena lawaiʻa lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa kuhihewa ʻia kēia mau nā ʻīlio.
He ʻauhau
Ua ʻike mua ʻia e kēia mau ʻĀina e Ichthyologist Keleman Ludwig Döderlein, ka mea i kipa iā Iapana ma waena o 1879 a me 1881 a lawe mai i ʻelua mau ʻano hou i Vienna. Eia naʻe, ua nalowale ka palapala kākau a me ka wehewehe ʻana, a ʻike ʻia ka mea kākau ʻana e ka zoologist ʻAmelika ʻo Samuel Garman, ka mea nāna i wehewehe i kahi wahine he 1.5 m lōʻihi i paʻa ma Sagami Bay, Iapana. Ua hōʻike ʻo Garman i nā ʻano hou i ka ʻokoʻa hou a ua mele aku i kahi ʻohana hou. Pūnaewele ʻepekema ʻO Chlamydoselachus anguineus hiki mai dr. χλαύςύς (genus pad. χλαμύδος) - ua loaʻa ka ua, σέλαχος - shark a me lat. he kinikini the angusus. No kahi lōʻihi loa, ua ʻike ʻia kēia manō i nā ʻano like ʻole o kāna ʻano a me nā ʻohana wale nō, akā ma ka 2009, ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano likeʻehā like ʻole - ʻO Chlamydoselachus africana .
ʻO nā manaʻo kuhi i hoʻopiʻi e nā mea noiʻi mua e pili ana i ka pilina pili loa o kēia mango me nā kuhikoa Paleozoic e cladoselachia i hōʻoia ʻia ʻole. ʻIke aku, ʻoi aku ka pili o nā ʻīlio lamellar i nā niho niho i ʻoki ʻia, me ko lākou hui pinepine ʻana i nā ʻekahi.
ʻO keʻano
Ua loaʻa kēia inoa ʻeleʻele i ka inoa no kona mau wahi ākea ākea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kinipaka gill e uhi ai i nā slits gill. Aia he 6 mau pāʻani ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā membrane o ka pulu mua ma lalo e pili a hoʻopili i ka lobe ʻili ākea.
Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kēia hiolo ke hiki i 2 m, akā maʻamau ka lōʻihi o 1.5 m i nā wahine a me 1,3 m nā kāne. Hoʻopili nui ke kino. Ua pālahalaha ke poʻo a ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka muzzle ua pōkole a puni. Aia lulu ʻia nā pūpū manu e like me ka lula a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā puka ākea a puka i waho i nā pihi ʻili. ʻO nā maka nui oval i ka wā nui. ʻAʻohe membrane uila. Loaʻa ka dorsal, anal a me nā lua ventral e kokoke i kekahi i kekahi i ke kua o ke kino. Hoʻopili a kāʻei ʻia nā kaulahao pectoral. ʻO nā pūhaka a me nā kūpeʻe nui a puni. ʻO ka loa caudal fin lōʻihi he kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ia me nā ʻaoʻao o luna. Ma ka ʻōpū pūhaka pūliki i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka pua, kahi ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka pili o kā lākou ʻōpū. ʻAno pau ka waha o kēia mango, ʻaʻole ka haʻahaʻa, e like me ka hapa nui o nā hiʻona. Kāwele wale nā kihi o nā kihi o ka waha. Ua kala ʻia nā Dentitions. Ma nā ʻōpū o luna a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, 19–28 a me 21–29 niho. Aia kekahi 300 mau niho i loko o ka waha. Ua like lākou me nā pūliki ʻekolu a me nā pūliki ʻekolu: a ʻo kēlā me kēia niho he ʻekolu kihi ʻaliki ke like me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ma waena o nā pulu liʻiliʻi. He liʻiliʻi nā kukiki dermal e like me ke aila, ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ka lau caudal nui lākou a nui. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a heʻeleʻele wale nō hoʻi. Mai kāna ʻanakala ʻAmelika ʻO Chlamydoselachus africana Larky shark ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka hapa nui o ka vertebrae (160-1171 maʻa 147) a me ka huli ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (35-49 ma mua o 26–28), me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano morphological he nui loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he poʻo lōʻihi a me nā kāʻei o nā kāʻei lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo nā kāne he 170 cm, a ʻo nā wahine 200 cm.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
ʻO nā palahalaha ʻeleʻele kahi lōlihi he hohonu hohonu ia i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka Atlantika a me ka Moana Pakipika i nā ʻano latitu. I ke Kaiā Atlantika, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻia mai ʻEulopa ʻĀkau a ʻApelika Hema. ʻO nā wahi e hopu ana i nā ʻaoʻao hema loa o ka Vietnam Varangerfjord a me nā wai kokoke i Svalbard. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Atlantika, noho nā ʻokaʻehā i nā kahakai komohana o Norewai a me ʻEkekiska, ma ke komohana o ʻIrani a me Wīwīwī a me Maroka, e pili ana iā Madeira a me Mauritania. I ke Central Atlantis, loaʻa iā lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao Mid-Atlantic mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Azores a hiki i ka Rio Grande Rise e kū pono ana i ke kahakai ʻo Brazil, a me ka Vavilov Ridge, ke kahakai o ʻApelika Komohana. Ma ke Komohana komohana, he mea maʻamau kēia mau pali i loko o nā wai o New England, Georgia a me Suriname. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Moana Pakipika, ola nā puhaka lamellar mai Honshu, Iapana, a me Taiwan, a i ʻole kekahi i ke kahakai o New South Wales, Tasmania a me New Zealand. I ka waena waena a me ka hikina hikina o ka Moana Pakipika, ua ʻike ʻia lākou i loko o nā wai o nā Mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi, Kaleponi, a me Chile.
Loaʻa nā puhaka Placid i ka hohonu o 120-1450 m, ʻoiai lākou e emi iki ma lalo o 1000 m. Ma ke kai o Sharuga, ua hāʻule pinepine ʻia kēia mau hiwa i ka ʻupena ma ka hohonu o ka 50 a i ka 200 m, me ka wehe ʻole o ka manawa mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa, i ka wā o ka hāleʻa wai ma ka hohonu o 100 m nui ma mua o 15 ° C, a hele nā puhaka i nā hohonu hohonu. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia mau kikoa i lalo i ka kolamu wai. I ka pō, hiki i nā ʻaka ʻo nā pēke ke hana i nā neʻe a lele a piʻi i ka huli ʻana i ka mea i hopu ʻia i ka wai o ka wai. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale spatial ma muli o ka nui a me ka mākaukau no ka hana.
Biology
Hoʻopili ʻia nā puhō e like me nā huaʻō i ke ola ma ka hohonu, he ʻōpū maikaʻi ko lākou ʻalae, nui ka nui, ʻōwili me nā lipid haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i hiki iā lākou ke kaupaona ʻia ma ka pou wai me ka liʻiliʻi ʻo ka hoʻoikaika. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā pika me kahi laina "lateral" wehe: nā pihi lauoho e lawelawe ana me nā mea hana loea ma nā wahi kuli e pili pili ana i ka wai moana. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano basal i nā pika a hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā ʻoʻa ākea o ka poʻe i hiki ke kahakaha. Nui ka poʻe i hopu i nā hiu e like me ka hapa o ka hiapo ʻoi paha, ʻo ia paha ka hopena o ke kaua ʻana mai nā lua ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā paraseworm tapeworm ma kēia mau hiwa. Monorygmahaunaele ʻO ka velodor Otodistomum a nematode Mooleptus rabuka .
Mea ʻai
ʻO nā leki lōʻihi o nā pulu ʻekeʻeke ke kikoʻī loa ia a ʻae lākou iā lākou e ale i ka ʻai o ka hapa o ka hapalua o kona lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e ʻae ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a me ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala iā lākou e huki me ka ikaika e like me nā ʻoki me ke ʻano hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma loko o ka ʻōpū o ka hapa nui o nā pika i hopu ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā kai ʻuʻulu i hōʻike ʻia, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka hoʻowalewale wikiwiki ʻia ai ʻole a me ʻole nā wā lōʻihi ma waena o nā mea mālamaʻai. ʻO ka papa ʻai ʻana o nā ʻakai laconic ka mea nui o ka cephalopods, me nā iʻa bony a me nā hiu ʻē aʻe. I kekahi hiu, 1,6 m ka lōʻihi, ua kaili aku i kahakai o Chöshi, ʻike i kahi manu lele ʻāpala i loko o Iapana e kau ana i ka 590 g i loko o ka ʻōpū. Chiroteuthis a Hōʻuluʻāinaakā, ikaika nui nō hoʻi Onychoteuthis, ʻO Sthenoteuthis, a ī Nā ʻōpioe noho ana ma ke kai ākea.
ʻO ka nīnau no ke ʻano o kēlā mea lawaiʻa ʻino, e like me ka puhā ahi, hiki ke kiʻi i nā kuʻi wikiwiki, ʻo ia ka manawa no ka manaʻo. Wahi a kekahi hypothesis, ʻai ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻeleʻele e hōʻeha a palupalu paha ma hope o ka moena. Wahi a kekahi ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe, kūleʻa lākou a hana i mua i mua, e like me ka nahesa. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā slill gill, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka paona maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka ana waha, a e hānai i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. ʻO nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, 'āiki a kūlou ʻia i loko o nā niho o ka nāu, he hiki ke hopu koke i ka pīkī, ʻoiai inā e hele ka mua. Hōʻalo ka poʻe hopu i nā pio i loko o ka noho pio ʻana e kau pū me ko lākou waha ka ajar. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i nā leʻe niho niho i ka meaʻeleʻele ke hoʻopunipuni i nā pelaka a hoʻonāukiʻe i kahi hoʻouka.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
Hānau ʻia nā poʻo hiʻona Placid e ka hānau hānau placental. Hāpai ka ʻōpiopio hoʻolālā i ka huaʻala, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka paona ma waena o ka hua a me ka pēpē i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ka makuahine, ma kahi ʻano ʻole, e hāʻawi pū ana i ka emryo i nā mea momona. I nā wahine ʻelemakule, ʻelua mau hana oviducts hana a hoʻokahi ʻōpio hana e kū ana ma ka ʻao. ʻAʻole pono ke kau a nunui i loko o ke ʻano, ʻoiai ke ola nei kēia mau hiwa ma kahi hohonu kahi i liʻiliʻi ʻole nā loli. Ma ka pae kikowaena wai kai, ʻo ia kahi o ka Mid-Atlantic Ridge, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui piha o nā māka clownish, kahi i loaʻa ai he 15 kāne a me 19 mau wahine. I loko o ka litter mai 2 a 15 mau keiki hou, ʻo awelika o 6. I kēlā me 2 wiki, e waiho ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua ma kēlā me kēia oviduct. Vitellogenesis a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua hou i ka wā o ka hapai ʻana, hiki paha ma muli o ka nele o ka manuahi o loko o ke ana o ke kino.
ʻO nā hua a me nā embryos i kahi manawa mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ma ka pahu meli gula ellipsoidal brown brown. Ma kahi cryry 3 cm ka lōʻihi, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke poʻo, ua hana palu ʻia nā ʻōpala, ʻikea ʻole nā gills o waho a ua wale nō nā fins. Hoʻopau kahi cikiʻihi 6-8 cm i kahi capsule hua manu, kahi hana ʻia mai ke kino o ka makuahine. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu piha ka embryo i nā hōʻea o waho. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻeke huaʻai e kokoke loa i ka loli a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū i 40 cm. A laila e hoʻomaka i ka ʻaluhua a nalowale loa ke hele mai nā ʻōpala i ka ulu o 50 cm. Mai ke kau o hoʻokahi mahina, ulu ka lālani ma kahi awelika o 1.5 cm. a i ʻelua mau makahiki, a e like me kekahi mau lono, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma lalo o 3.5 mau makahiki, e kau ana i ka maka ʻeleʻele i ke poʻo mua ma kēia kikoʻī ma waena o nā vertebrates āpau. ʻO ka nui o nā pupu pēpē o 40-60 cm. Loaʻa nā wahine wahine a me nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpiopio me ka lōʻihi o 1-1.2 m a me 1.3-1.5 m, kēlā.
Pili kanaka
ʻAʻole pōʻino ke kanaka i ka pōho ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ke kumu kūʻai o ka waiwai ma muli o kona mea hoʻonani, akā i kekahi manawa ke hele mai ka-maka e hoʻohana ʻia e lilo i meaʻai. Kūpono iki ʻia kēia mau māka i nā gillnets ma ke kai ʻo Suruga i ka wā i ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā pā a me nā mackerel hewa. Manaʻo nā lawaiʻa Iapana i kēia mau pōpoki no ka mea hānai lākou i ka ʻupena. No ka manawa mua, ua ʻike ʻia nā nānā ʻana o nā ʻoki hihiu ma vivo e hoʻohana ana iā Johnson Sea Link ma lalo o ka mana hoʻomalu ma ka lā 27 o ʻAukake 2004. Ma Ianuali 21, 2007, ua ʻike kekahi kanaka lawaiʻa Iapana i kahi lua kahi ahi ma luna o ka wai o ka wai, maʻi a i ʻole nāwaliwali mai ka wai mahana. Ua lawe mai ʻo ia iā ia i ka Pōleʻa Avashima ma Shizuoka, akā hoʻokahi mau hola ma hope iho ua make ka makeke. Ua kuhikuhi ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i kēia ʻano ʻano i ke ʻano o Least Concern.
Nā Nānā
- ↑ Nā Manaʻo o ʻO Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884 ma ka waihona iʻa FishBase (Kau ʻia ʻAukake 3, 2016).
- Ke ola o nā holoholona. Helu 4. Palapalaʻi. Palikaʻi. ʻO ka iʻa Cartilaginous. Nā mea hāloe / ed. T. S. Rassa, ch. en. V. E. Sokolov. - 2nd ed. - M.: Education, 1983 .-- S. 26 .-- 575 p.
- ↑ Gubanov E.P., Kondyurin V.V., Myagkov N.A. Kīwaha o ka Honua o ke Ao: He Kūlana I Kau. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986. - S. 45. - 272 p.
- ↑Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russ T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. ʻO ka hapanui papa inoa o nā inoa holoholona. Kāpena. Latin, Lūkia, Pelekānia, Kelemānia, Farani. / hoʻoponopono ʻia e Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 18. - 12,500 kope. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
- ↑ 123456 Kahua holoholona: ma 6 mauʻu / N. A. Gladkov, A. V. Mikheev. - Moscow: Hāpai, 1970.
- ↑ 12345ʻO Chlamydoselachus anguineus (eng.). ʻO ka papa inoa ʻokoʻa o ka IUCN no nā mea ʻehaʻeha.
- ↑ʻO Chlamydoselachus anguineus (English) i ka ʻikepili FishBase.
- ↑ 1234Garman, S.He Kahi Uila Nui // Bulletin of the Essex Institute. - 1884. - Helu 16. - S. 47-55.
- ↑Garman S. Ka manuʻāina kūʻokoʻa // Proceedings of the Imperial Society of lovers of science, anthropology and ethnography. - 1884. - Helu 16. - S. 47-55.
- ↑ 12345678Ebert D. A., Compagno L. J. V.ʻO Chlamydoselachus africana, he ʻano mea hou mai ka hiu maiʻa mai ʻAmelika Hema (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae) (Eng.) // Zootaxa. - 2001. - Vol. 2173. - P. 1-18.
- ↑ 123Martin, R.A.Kehi hohonu: He ʻeke kai. ReefQuest Center no Shark Research.(unuhi ʻole ʻia) . ʻO ka lā mālama no ka lā 29 o Dekemaba 2012.'Ālani ʻia 5 Ianuali 2013.
- ↑ʻO ka hope, P.R., Stevens, J.D. Nā Aliʻi a me nā Lā o Australia. - (kekona ed.). - Harvard University Press, 2009. - P. 34-35. - ISBN 0674034112.
- ↑ 123Aidan martin rKauoha Chlamydoselachiformes. elasmo-research.org. ʻO ka lā hoʻopiʻi 16 ʻOkakopa, 2012.Kuhi ʻia ma ka lā 18 ʻOkakopa 2012.
- ↑ 1234Compagno, Leonard J.V.1. Hexanchiformes iā Lamniformes // FAO species catalog. - Roma: Meaʻai a me ʻOihana Kūʻai o ka Hui Pūʻali o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa, 1984. - Vol. 4. Kino o ka Honua: Kahi Annotated a me nā kiʻi like ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo Shark i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. - P. 13-15. - ISBN 92-5-101384-5.
- ↑ 12345Ebert, D.A. Na Kahiki, Rays, a me Chimaeras o Kaleponi. - Kaleponi: University of California Press, 2003. - P. 50-52. - ISBN 0520234847.
- ↑ 12Jenner, J.Estuary a me ka awāwa: hoihoi, Realities, and "Bubba" 2004(unuhi ʻole ʻia) . ^ E Ha yM. NOAA .. ʻO ka lā mālama no ka lā 29 o Dekemaba 2012.'Ālani ʻia 5 Ianuali 2013.
- ↑ 12E. I. Kukuev, V. P. Pavlov.ʻO ka hihia mua o ka hopu nui i kahi shark frark shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus ma luna o kahi puna o ka Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Eng.) // Journal of Ichthyology. - 2008-09-30. - Vol. 48, hoʻopuka. 8. - P. 676-678. - ISSN0032-9452. - doi: 10.1134 / S0032945208080158.
- ↑Malama, Rainer, a me Daniel Pauly, eds. (2010). "Chlamydoselachus anguineus" i FishBase. Manaʻo Aperila 2010.
- ↑ 1234Kubota, T., Shiobara, Y. a me Kubodera, T. Nā kīʻai ʻai o ka makikini i kā Chlamydoselachus anguineus i hōʻiliʻili mai ka lawaiʻa o Suruga, ke kumu waena o Iapana // Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. - 1991. - T. 57, No. (1). - S. 15-20.
- ↑ 1234567Tanaka, S., Shiobara, Y., Hioki, S., Abe, H., Nishi, G., Yano, K. a me Suzuki, K. ʻO ka biology reproduction o ka maki frished, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, mai Suruga Bay, Iapana // Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. - 1990. - T. 37, No. (3). - S. 273-291.
- ↑Martin, R.A.Kehi hohonu: He ʻeke kai(unuhi ʻole ʻia) . ^ E Ha yM. ReefQuest Center no Shark Research .. ʻO ka lā mālama i ka lā 30 o Dekemaba 2012.'Ālani ʻia 5 Ianuali 2013.
- ↑Martin, R.A.Ka hoʻolohe ʻana a me ke kaʻe ʻana aku(unuhi ʻole ʻia) . ^ E Ha yM. ReefQuest Center no Shark Research .. ʻO ka lā mālama i ka lā 30 o Dekemaba 2012.'Ālani ʻia 5 Ianuali 2013.
- ↑Collett, R. I kā Chlamydoselacnus angmanus garman. Ka hii kupaianaha i loaʻa ma Noremania 1896 // Christiania. - 1987. - No. 11. - S. 1-17.
- ↑Machida, M., Ogawa, K. and Okiyama, M. A nematode hou (Spirurida, Physalopteridae) mai frill shark o Iapana // Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology). - 1982. - T. 8, No. (1). - S. 1-5.
- ↑Moss, S. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hana ma Sharks (English) // ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. - Oxford University Press, 1977. - Vol. 17, ʻaʻole. (2). - P. 355-364.
- ↑Nishikawa, T. ʻO nā leka ma kekahi mau emryos o Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Garm // Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses. - 1898. - No. 2. - S. 95-102.
- ↑ Hoʻonāukiuki ʻo ka Mīkini a ua ʻoi ʻo ka Mīkini a me ke ola.(unuhi ʻole ʻia) . ^ E Ha yM. Underwatertimes.com. 24 Ianuali 2007. ʻO ka lā mālama i ka lā 30 o Dekemaba 2012.
Kuhikuhina
Kumumene Nakagawa. Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884 (English) (ka pilina hiki ʻole). J-elasmo (ʻApelila 30, 2012). - nā kiʻi o nā niho, nā unahi placoid a me nā makana laconic a pau. ʻO ka lā hoʻopiʻi 16 ʻOkakopa, 2012.Kukui ʻia ʻOkakopa 23, 2012.
Deynega V. A., I ka ike o ke aniani Chlamydoselachus anguineus, garm / [Op.] V.A. Deynegi. 1-. - Moscow: ʻano. Imp. Mosk. Univ., 1909. - 26. Pauwe. - 1909. -, 66 p., 4 p. aloha pili.