Keʻe maka
ʻO ka chlorops pumilionis Bjerk.
kauoha ʻo Diptera, ʻohana Cereal lele / Chloropidae
Flies 3-4 mm lōʻihi, kukui aniani, me ʻākolu mau peka lōʻihi e ʻekolu ma ke kua, ke kūpeʻe ʻāeʻe o ka maka a me kahi wahi e kū ai i luna o ke kumu o nā wāwae waena. Ke keʻokeʻo ka hua, elongated, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ribed, 0.8 mm lōʻihi. Larva ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, 7 mm lōʻihi. Pahuʻu ka hope o ka hope o ke kino mai luna mai, me nā pahu liʻiliʻi ʻelua. Kūleʻa mākeke huki, cylindrical, 6-6.5 mm ka lōʻihi.
Lele aku ka mua ʻōlapa mua i ka hapa lua o ka Mei a ʻĀpō hoʻomaka e waiho i nā hua ma nā ʻalā ma nā lau o ka palaoa a me ka bale, e uhi ana i ka pepeiao o ka cereals. Hoʻopau nā ʻōhua i ka vagina o ka lau o luna. I loko o kona ola, lele ka lele i ka hua he 140. Loaʻa ka pupub o nā palū i loko o ka mea kanu.
Pākuʻi nā ʻāpana o ka lua o ka hanauna ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, a kau ʻia nā hua ma luna o nā ʻāpana hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e noho ai lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
Kahele nui ʻia i ka ʻāpana ʻĀria o CIS, ka Caucasus a me Siberia.
ʻO nā chlorops pumilionis
ʻO nā chlorops taeniopus, lele ʻo Wheat-stalk
Keʻe maka - pūpū o ka hoʻoilo a me ka palaoa palaoa, ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, palaoa. I kahi waʻu haʻahaʻa. Mai nā lau nahele mauʻu e ulu ai i ka mauʻu palaoa. ʻO nā mea kanu huaʻai e loaʻa ai ka millet, ryegrass, bristle, millet Italia. ʻAno ka holomua. Hoʻopili i ka bisexual. Hoʻokumu i ka wahi o ka nohona, e hoʻomohala ka mau hanauna i ka wā ulu. ʻO nā ʻāpana larva.
Kaomi i ke kiʻi e hoʻonui
100 mau popo o ka upena pupu
Laulima
Imago. ^ E Ha yM. Holo 2 - 5 mm. ʻĀnō ke kala i ke kino ʻano nui. Ma ke kua he ʻekolu mau laula ākea ākea, ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao - ʻelua o ka liʻiliʻi. ʻEleʻele ka hope o ke poʻo a me ka ʻūlī ʻili. ʻEleʻele ka antennae. He mālamalama nā maka o nā mea ola. Hoʻouluulu nā wāwae i nā ʻano ʻeleʻele o nā forelegs a me nā wāwae. He ʻōuliuli nā ʻēheu me ka ua anuenue.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
Loaʻa nā poʻe maʻi i ka ʻōnaehana o nā genital. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻano ʻōiwi o nā kāne a me nā wahine i kēlā me kēia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona lua wahine:
Wahine wahine. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAno nui ka ʻōpū.
Kāne kāne. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻōpū ua ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka wahine, triangular.
Nā hua waiū keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻili. Kahi lōʻihi 0.2 - 1 mm.
Larva lōʻihi 6 - 9 mm, keʻokeʻo ke kala o ka integument he keʻokeʻo me kahi tingen melemele. Kuhi ʻia ka maka mua o ke kino. He mau pūpū nā mandibles; ma ka waena o ka kihi i loko, he niho hoʻokahi. I ka pauahi posterior o ke kino o ka larva, aia nā mākelika lua o ka ʻōpū. Kuhi ʻia ke ʻano o ka hope o ka hope.
Kaumaka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pōkā ke cylindrical, 5-7 mm lōʻihi, mālamalama a ʻulaʻula paha.
Phenology o ka holomua (i nā lā)
Hoʻohui
Imago. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lele o nā huakaʻi mua e ʻike ʻia ma ka hopena o Mei - Iune. ʻO nā imagoes mua o ka hua mua nā manu ʻōwili i nā ovaries. ʻO ke ola he ola o nā pākeke he 15 a 20 mau lā.
Ka manawa ʻai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka haki mua o nā lele ka waiho ʻana i nā hua ma nā cereals ma mua o ke poʻo, ma nā ʻaoʻao ma lalo a i lalo paha o nā lau i hoʻokahi manawa, liʻiliʻi i ʻelua. Hoʻokomo nā ʻāpana o ka lua o ka hanauna i ka ʻeleʻele hoʻoilo a me ka mauʻu palaoa. ʻO ke kaulike a hiki i ka 150 huaʻai.
Nā hua. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokumu ka embryo i nā lā 11-13.
Larva nā puʻukū ʻeha i loko o ka pahu ma hope o ka pūnao o ka lau o luna, ʻokoʻa pinepine i loko o ka pepeiao o ka pepeiao. Mālama ka ʻōpiopio mua i ka hoʻomaka o ka pepeiao a me nā ʻili o ke kumu a me ka pepeiao, hilinaʻi i ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea kanu. ʻO nā hoʻoilo i ka wā ʻōpiopio lua o nā wā ʻōpiopio i nā wana a me nā māla o nā ʻalāʻau puaʻa a i ʻole nā pua kulou i nā lau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolālā larval he 21 - 42 mau lā.
Kaumaka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻApili o ka mua a me ka lua o nā haumāna i nā hua. Ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala haumāna 15-35 lā.
Imago. ^ E Ha yM. Holo nā lele o ka lua (uʻi kau kauwela) i Iulai. I ko lākou mau makahiki i hala a hiki aku i Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa. Aia kēia kuʻuna ma kahi kūlana o ka mōʻaukala haka i hala. Holo ka wahine lua o nā wahine i waho o ka pupula me nā ovaries ovature. Hoʻolāʻau hoʻāhewa a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka + 25 ° C - + 26 ° C, i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka puparia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā ulu, e hiki pinepine i nā hanauna ʻelua i ke kūkulu hema ʻo ʻEulopa (Italia) - ʻekolu mau hanauna.
ʻO ka mea kanu he hygrophilic, thermophilic moderately. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻomohala maikaʻi: ke ea + 16 ° C - + 25 ° C, ka palena haʻahaʻa 75 - 100%. ʻO ka pae ʻoi loa no nā pae āpau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hanauna mua e waiho ana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka lua o ka hanauna.
Nā pili lāʻau Morologically
E like me ka morphology (waho waho) o nā pākeke, ua kokoke nā hoʻolālā Chlorops i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka mea ʻo postutellum (ke hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻano spherical ma waena o ka scutellum a me ka ʻōpū) ua pollinated kokoke i ke ahiahi, nā wahi ʻohi, a inā he mea, ʻaʻole i hana i kahi kāula medial ākea. ʻO kaʻili o Ovipositor cerci, he elongated.
A me nā mea i wehewehe ʻia, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā Chlorops calceata a me Chlorops serena, a he like nō hoʻi me ka morphology i nā Green-eyed (Chlorops pumilionis).
ʻAumea
Keʻe maka - kahi pīpī weliweli o ka hoʻoilo, ka bale, ka hoʻoilo a me ka palaoa palaoa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻōlaʻi. ʻAʻole kue ka lāʻau kahi i hoʻopau ʻia e kahi larva ʻaʻole piʻi, ʻo kona hoʻomohala ʻana. Hoʻopilikia ka lua lua i nā hua o ka hoʻoilo a me nā ʻalā maikaʻi. Hoʻopuliluli koke ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia, e hoʻoneʻeneʻu iki ka liʻiliʻi o ka huahana.
ʻO ka paepae koʻikoʻi ua hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahi māla a hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻike ʻia nā lele he 40-50 ma kēlā me kēia 100 pālani me kahi ʻupena pahū a he 10% paha o nā kumu lāʻau i hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maka'ōmaʻomaʻo
I ka lōʻihi, hiki i kēia mau lele i 3-5cmā.
Mālamalama ke kino o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kukui-i ka maka, a ma ke kua ke kolu o ka pūhaka ka lōʻihi. Pākuʻi ʻia kahi kūpe ʻele e ke poʻo. ʻEleʻele nā maka, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae.
Hōʻulu uliuli-maka (Chlorops pumilionis).
Loaʻa i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōpiopio kahi ʻano cylindrical elongated. ʻO kekahi ʻaoʻao kahi convex. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hua he e pili ana i ka 1 milimita.
ʻO ke kino o ka larva he 7 milimili. Paʻala nā kala kala. ʻAʻole kūleʻaleʻa nā ʻōwae, loaʻa nā mania e like me ke koʻi.
ʻO ka palahā hewa ka cylindrical ma kona helehelena, ma kahi o 6 aniani ka lōʻihi, kukui ʻōniʻoniʻo ke kala.
Hoʻōla nui nā maka ʻōpiopio ma luna o ʻEulopa.
ʻO nā noho a me kahi noho o ka lālani-maka
Kahi ʻia kēia mau lele ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa: ma ʻEnelani, Suetena, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Finland. ʻO ka maka ʻōuli hoʻi e noho kokoke a puni ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina mai Crimea a hiki i Siberia a me ka Far East.
Makemake lākou i nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma nā wahi i kāohi ʻia, ʻaʻole i maʻamau nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila ʻaʻole kumu e hōʻino nui i nā mea kanu.
Ma nā wahi me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoluʻolu nā maka o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o ke anuanu maloʻo.
Hoʻoponopono i ka helu o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-maka
Me ka nui o ka hānai a me nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i kēia mau lele ke helu i nā nui. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wā i kahi limahana kūlohelohe no ka nui o kēia mau maʻi. I ka wā maloʻo, i ka mahana o ka 30 tikelika a me ka humuhumu o 25-30%, he helu nui o nā pulima, hua a me ka pupae make.
Hoʻopili ka ʻōlepoma-ʻākala a me nā pupae i ka makika.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka helu o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā pepeke hymenopteran parasit. ʻO nā hua lāʻau o nā palaka ʻo Coelinius niger Nees a me Stenomalus micaris e ʻai wikiwiki i nā ʻōloke-ʻōmaʻomaʻo-maka. Haki ka lāʻauʻolima i kālai ʻia i ka pukaaniani o ka pseudo-window, ua ʻohi i ka ʻōpala palaoa a hele i waho. E like me ke kānāwai, lele nā alapine i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka lālani-maka no nā lā 15.
I nā wā maloʻo, he nui ka pupae a me nā hua ʻōpili i make nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi.
ʻO kaʻino kukui kukui
ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau palaka ke kumu o ʻelua ʻino. Loaʻa lākou i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ma ka mauʻu o ka rye a me ka palaoa a hānai i kā lākou mau kiko. Kēia hopena e alakaʻi i ka kua palalā o ke kū, a pā ka lau a lilo i corrugated. I ka hoʻoilo, ma muli o kēia lula, make kēia mau lāʻau.
Hoʻopilikia nā maka ʻala i nā spikelets palaoa, hiki ke maʻalahi ka maʻi a make.
ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hopena, e hoʻopau nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka internode o ka palaoa i ka hoʻoilo. Hana ʻia ka larva i ka lula i ka ulu mua, ma muli o ka hopena, ua luku ʻia nā ʻāwili o ka ʻano puʻu a hoʻomaka e ulu mālie ia, a piʻu ka ʻaoʻao luna. E wehe ka ihu o ka pepeiao, kahi e kahe ai i ka hua o ka hua. Hiki ke emi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma ka 32-42%.
Ma luna o nā poho bona, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā hua pā i nā pūpū a me nā huakini - alparsha a me nā fusarium.
ʻO ka ikaika o ka hanaʻino i hana ʻia e ka pōpokiʻoni-ʻōpiopio i nā makahiki like ʻole e loli, hiki iā ia mai 15 a 74%.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.