ʻO waho, he like me ka lālani. He elongated, kino ke kino ʻo ka amphibian me ka lōʻihi o 2 a 5.5 cm, e hoʻololi alualu ʻia i ke poʻo ākea. Kūkaha ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā ʻōpū ma mua o ke alo, a ʻo kekahi o nā manamana lima lōʻihi loa.
E like me nā amphibians e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ʻāina, ʻaʻole ka membaz i ka membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia nā manamana lima i kahi ʻano o ka honi, i uhi ʻia me ka dentit epithelium a me nā papa o nā kelepona heʻe he huna i ka huna ʻia. ʻO kēia keʻena o nā wāwae i hiki i nā holoholona ke holo maʻalahi i nā lālā a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO nā maka nui a Listolase a ʻilika a mālamalama, a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka iris.
Kūpono a pehu ka ʻili o ka hapanui o nā lau panana, he ʻāpana kukui hoʻonaninani o kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā kala like, kahi e hōʻailona ai i nā poʻe kaukē ʻalani he mea ʻona. No laila, ʻaʻohe mau ʻenehana kūlohelohe laupil: he holoholona i pakele ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻai i ka momona maikaʻi e kālai ʻia kēia mau amphibians i ke koena o kona ola.
- Laau-kapelē lepa-gula(lat.Hakiuwaki aurotaenia) ua loaʻa kona inoa i kona mahalo i nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o ke gula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i hala i ka hope o ka jet black. Ma nā wāwae hind o ka amphibian, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻālika o kahi uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole gula hue. ʻEleʻele ka papahele o ka ʻōpū me nā uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua kihi iki paha ka ʻili ma hope o ke kua. ʻOi aku ka wāwae mua ma mua o ka lua. ʻO nā discs o ka pōleʻa pālahalaha o nā laulā. Ua liʻiliʻi nā niho a aia i nā iwi maxillary a intermaxillary. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā pākeke ma ka 3.2 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine o ka leafolase a ulu i 3,5 cm. Noho nā kahelehele ʻelele gula i loko o Kolombia, a makemake paha e noho kūleʻa i nā kuʻuna pākela i loaʻa i nā wahi haʻalulu a me nā wahi nahele ma ke komohana o nā Cordilleras Sidona, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe oʻoi aku ma mua o 1 km. Ke kūlana o ka palekana - kokoke i kahi kūlana lūlū.
- Nā lauolase ʻelua-kala (lat. Phyllobates bicolor) manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o ka nui i ka nui o ka iwi, akā i ka ʻohana: ulu nā wahine i ka 5-5.5 cm ka lōʻihi (e like me nā kumuwaiwai, 3.6-4.3 cm), hiki i nā kāne ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4.5-5 cm (e like me nā kumuwaiwai 3.2-4 cm). ʻ yellowleʻele a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻili o nā lau o nā lauolile. I kekahi manawa he melemele a heʻulaʻula paha kona mau maka. ʻEleʻele paha ka ʻōpū a i ʻole he hui melemele a i ʻole ʻaina hue a ʻulaʻula. Aia kekahi wahi ʻeleʻele e kū ma luna o ke kakā. Hoʻokomo nā niho listolaz i nā iwi maxillary a me intermaxillary. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manamana lima ma mua o ka lua, a ma nā manamana lima e hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO hoʻokahi kanaka o nā lauolase ʻelua mau loko i laila e pili ana i ka 150 micrograms o ka make o ka nalo, he haʻahaʻa loa i ka pakanā wale nō i kona pili pili kokoke loa - ka leafolase weliweli. Kēia mea huahua o ke kūlohelohe hiki i ka pepehi ʻana i ka pākeke. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he mau holoholona kapu wale nō, ʻoiai inā hiki i kahi manawa ke hālāwai me kahi pūʻulu piha o nā manu ʻelua ʻāpana. Hoʻākoakoa lākou i nā pūʻulu i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻo ia ko lākou wā makamaʻi. Hāpai ka noho o nā holoholona i loko o nā wahi kai anu i ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, i ka nui loa i nā komohana komohana o Colombia. Ke kūlana o ka palekana - kokoke i kahi kūlana lūlū.
- Kāwei Kūpono Leaf(lat.Phyllobates vittatus) - ka mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻokoʻa nui o ka genus: ke kumu o ke kua, ke poʻo a me nā limu o nā holoholona ma ʻaneʻi ke ʻeleʻele, a i kekahi o nā kanaka, ke kīhāpai o ka melemele i hele ma ke kuʻe. ʻO ka ʻili ma hope o ka ʻili, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻili o ke alo o nā ʻōpū pū me ka tuberous. Hoʻokomo nā niho liʻiliʻi i nā iwi maxillary a intermaxillary. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka muzzle, mai ka lae a hiki i ka paʻu nui o ka ʻūhā, he laulā ākea ākea o ka ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. Holo ka lei keʻokeʻo mai ka maka, a ma ka lehelehe a me ka poʻohiwi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ma waho o nā wāwae i uhi ʻia me ka punawai pōpiki polū-uliuli, a ʻo ka pihi o ka wāwae lā ke kumu i hoʻonani ʻia me ka hana ʻōpala i hana ʻia e nā keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā kukui ʻulaʻula paha. Holo keʻokeʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha he polū a i ʻole nā kaila o ka lau o ka lau o ka lau. ʻOi aku ka wāwae mua ma mua o ka lua. ʻO kēia mau mea ulu maikaʻi o kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana: ulu nā ʻōpio a hiki i ka 3.1 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne, ʻaʻole nui aʻe ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka 2.6 cm. ʻO Golfo Dulce, ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 20 a 550 m ma luna o ke kai. Ma ke ala, no kēia mau ʻano ulu o ka lau.
- Nā māla lau nui loa(lat. phyllobates lugubris). I waena o nā ʻelele a pau o ke ʻano, ʻo kēia mau mea ulu o nā lau ʻuʻuku a me nā mea ʻalaʻawa: ʻo ka pākeke hoʻokahi wale nō ka huaʻai 0.8 nā micrograms o ka ʻehā, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o kēia inoa inoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā wahine wahine leafolase leafolase he 2,4 cm wale nō, ʻo ka nui o nā kāne ma kahi o 2,1 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka leafolase ma mua o ka umauma, a ʻoi aku ka ulu mua o ka mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū ma ka ʻili, a me ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wāwae i ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano granular. E kūlike i nā ʻeleʻele uliuli ākea, nā ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōniʻoniʻo e hele ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino e hoʻokaʻawale loa; hiki i kā lākou waihoʻoluʻu ke melemele, saturated ʻulaʻula, turquoise a i ʻole he gula. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wāwae o ka lālani lau-lehelehe me nā kīwī pālua me ka marbling i hōʻike ʻia i kahi kekelē a i ʻole. Mai ka welau loa o ka muzz amphibian, he pelekane keʻokeʻo o ka turquoise a keʻokeʻo paha e hoʻomaka, e kū a hele a waena o nā maka a me nā lehelehe luna. Noho ka poʻe pīhoihoi kaomi pīhoihoi ma Panama, Nicaragua a me Costa Rica, loaʻa i nā wao nahele i lalo o nā muliwai a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i ka 650 m ma mua o ke kai. Ke kūlana palekana - ke kumu o ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi.
- Kahu piʻo ʻino(lat.Phyllobatesterribilis) - ʻO kēia ka amphibian ka nui luhi o ka genus listolazov. Hoʻokomo kekahi holoholona ʻoi aku e pili ana i 500 micrograms o nā mea make make, ʻoiai kona ʻāpana nui loa: ʻo ka wahine a me nā kāne a ulu aʻe i ka lōʻihi o 4.7 cm a me 4,5 cm, kēlā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e kahi ʻula melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele ko lākou ʻaoʻao, a hala kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. Ke ulu nei ka holoholona, nalowale nā leoʻeleʻele, a loaʻa i ka amphibian kahi kala māmā, a me nā melemele-ʻula me nā pua hāliʻi. Hoʻokahi ka māhele o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lau-climber weliweli i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi i ke komohana hema o Kolombia, kahi e noho ai nā amphibians i lalo o nā kumu honu ʻōkula. He manu weliweli ka lāʻau kiahe weliweli a ua helu ʻia ma ka International Red Book.
Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana
Ko lākou mau ʻōpala he paʻakikī loa. Noho lākou i nā pūʻulu kahi e mai 4 a 7 paha kanaka. I ka lawe pio ʻana, hui pū kekahi ma nā hui. Ma ka pilina me kekahi, ua lohi ka ulu ʻana. Ke kūleʻa nei nā lālā o ka hui i kā lākou make iho. E kamaʻilio me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo a me nā neʻe. I ka wā moe, e lilo nā kāne, a mālie nā kāne. He makua hānai lākou a neʻe i nā tadpoles i loko o nā kino wai. Ma laila, hānai ka ʻai hope i nā algae a me nā kinikini. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka metamorphosis, hui pū lāua i ka hui o nā mākua.
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā meaʻai hānai, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo, nā pīpī, ʻoi ʻia ka ʻili. ʻO ka listolaz weliweli loa ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻai ʻole no ka 4 mau lā, ʻo ia e make ana i ka pōloli. I ke pio ʻana, hānai i nā mea inikua like ʻole, ʻoiai e ʻai ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai, ua nui loa ia i kona nui.
Manaʻo nā ʻelele o nā ʻano mea akamai. I ka pio, ʻike lākou i nā maka o ka poʻe ma hope o nā pule he nui o ke kamaʻilio. I ka loaʻaʻana he kūleʻa nui loa. ʻAi lākou i ka waiwai me nā alelo ʻili. I ka manawa like, lele ka lehelehe mai kona waha a laila wikiwiki loa ka hopena a pau e hopu ana i ka waiwai. Hōʻike kēia i kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka hihiʻo. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO ka wahine, e hōʻike ana nō ua pili ʻo ia i ke kāne, e hoʻopaʻa pū me ia i ka wāwae o ka kāne, a i kekahi manawa piʻi aʻe ʻo ia ma luna o ia. Kūpono ka mākā, ka wahine e waiho i nā hua ma ka ʻāina māhuna a i ʻole hoʻi i loko o ka sinuses o ka lau o nā mea kanu, e like me ka hapalua hola. Hoʻokuʻu ka wahine i loko o nā hua, a hoʻomaikaʻi ke kāne i ka masonry. Ma ka pipi paha e loaʻa nā hua he 10-20. Ināʻai palaka maikaʻi nā palaka, a laila emi ka helu o nā hua manu i nā ʻāpana 5-6. ʻAʻole mālama ka wahine i nā pēpē, hāʻule ke kuleana ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ke kāne.
ʻO ke kāne kāne mai ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka wai i loko o ka loko wai a hoʻomāloʻo i ka masonry. Akā, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e pīpī i ka terrarium, ʻaʻole lawa kēia māla, a e maloʻo ka caviar. Kuhi kekahi kāne i ka masonry.
Ma kahi o 2 mau pule e ulu ai ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Loaʻa nā ʻōpili i kahi mau kenekulia 12 mau lōʻihi, e piʻi ma luna o ka makua. Mai kēia manawa aku, paʻakikī loa ke ola o ke kāne, hoʻopīpī ʻo ia i loko o ka wai a hoʻomōloʻomaʻi i ka nui o ka māhuahua o nā keiki, ʻoiai i nā manawa maʻamau pinepine kēia mau baki i ka wai. Inā ʻaʻole e leʻaleʻa nā keiki i kekahi mea, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka lele ʻana o ka makuakāne, a laila kikoo lākou iā ia ma ke kua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā kamaʻilio i kēia mea no ka 2-3 mau lā, akā i nā hihia neʻe, no 8 lā. A laila ke kīloi nei ke kāne i ka mauʻu i loko o ka loko, a mai kēlā manawa ua hoʻopau aku i nā mana āpau.
Hiki ke ulu ʻia nā Tadpoles i kahi terrarium maʻamau me nā pākeke, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou pili i nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia nā Tadpoles i kekahi. Hiki ke hānai ʻia nā Tadpoles me nā meaʻai. ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi ka hānai cereal. No nā 3-4 tadpoles, kahi ʻāpana o ka nui o ka ʻāpana moni he ʻumi-copeck ka lawa. I nā kihi hope o ka metamorphosis, ʻike ʻia ʻo 4 tarsi i nā ʻōpala. I ke kahua hope loa, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai. Me kahi nui o ka hānai, e ulu wikiwiki ana ka tadpoles, i kēlā me kēia mahina ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau kino e 2 mau manawa.
Me nā ʻike maikaʻi, hiki i nā lau-kolo keʻokeʻo ke noho i 10 mau makahiki, i kekahi manawa hiki ke ola lōʻihi.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kāleka Leaf Climber
ʻO ka mea weliweli lau nui i loaʻa kona inoa ʻaʻole i ka manawa kūpono - ʻo kēia ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā mea make nui loa i ka lewa. ʻO kāna onaʻā nā batrachotoxin, ka wikiwiki e hoʻopili i nā ʻōpū o ka hanu a me ka puʻuwai. ʻO ka ʻalā no ka ʻohana o nā lau e piʻi nei i nā baki, i ka ʻohana o nā lāʻau hoka. Kaulana ka ʻanoʻano o nā mea kolo lau lau no kāna mau mea huakino. Hiki i kekahi kanaka leafolase ke hoʻopuka i nā makana he 500 o ka lālani i kēlā me kēia lā, he nui loa ia, hāʻawi ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻanoʻano.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēia ʻawa, ua hua ʻia ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o kēia mau baki, no laila ke pio nei kekahi hapa lākou i ka momona o lākou.
Uhi ʻia nā rana me ka mucus, kahi hiki ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia i loko o ka ʻili a hoʻoiho i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole. I ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka ʻili, e hōʻeha ka meaʻawa i ka make a i mea hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻano o nā hoʻopiʻi like ʻole me ka hana o ka papa huhū. Inā e komo ana i ka membrane molous, ka ʻōpū a i ke koko paha, e hana koke ka mea make. Ma hope o ka kamaʻilioʻana me kahi huaʻa, a liʻiliʻi loa e holoi i kou mau lima. Aia nā kukuna āpau o ke ʻano me kahi kala e ʻoluʻolu ana.
Mahalo i kēia kala, lākou:
- camouflaged ma loko o kahi ulu lāʻau ma waena o nā mea kanu uliuli, nā pua a me nā huaʻai,
- E ʻōlelo ana lākou i nā mea ʻapo nui e hiki ai ke pepehi i ka ʻaka, he mea make, a ʻo kona make e komo i ka hopena i loko o ke ʻano o ka make o kahi mea kolohe.
ʻO ka listolaz weliweli no ka ʻohana o nā lāʻau bako. Kūlike ʻole i ka inoa, ʻaʻole lākou e ola ma nā lāʻau wale nō, akā ma nā pā, nā wahi noho, nā wahi kanu a me nā mea kanu. Makemake nā baki i ka ʻohana ma kahi pālahalaha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ka wai a i kahi kokoke i nā punawai wai nui. Mahalo i kaʻulaʻula kala, ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā luna o ka ʻohana o nā mea loʻi lāʻau. Hoʻohana wale lākou i ke ao, a moe ka pō ma ko lākou mau keʻena.
Wikiō: Kāleʻa lauwela maikaʻi
ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ka loko o loko o nā paina o ka listolaz e mama ma mua o ke kino, a i kekahi manawa ke hele aku ka pale i ka waiū keʻokeʻo. Nā maka nui, nā ʻeleʻele, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a hinuhū iki wale. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka pūliki i ka hopena o ka muzzle e ʻike ʻia.
ʻAʻole palaka nā pōkāwā o nā lau-pohō weliweli. Akā ma ka hope o kēlā me kēia manamana lima ua pono kahi hōʻailona paʻa - nā kī suction kahi e neʻe ai ka piʻi ma nā alana kuʻi. I ka huina, ʻehā mau mīkina lima ʻehā. ʻO kekahi manawa ua uhi ʻia lākou i nā puli ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he pale ʻeleʻele ma mua o ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka.
Ke hana nei i nā kani o ka leafolase, e like me nā baki he nui, e hoʻonoho lākou i ka ʻekeʻī ma ka umauma. Ma ka ili o ka lau nui weliweli, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike maopopo i nā pores e huna huna ʻia - ka uhi ʻana o ka baki holoʻokoʻa me ka maʻi ʻalaʻawa. ʻAʻole hōʻino kēia ʻōpio i nā pōkole iā lākou iho, a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe a me kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka wehewehe
ʻAno: 2-4 cm.Mo ka ʻaoʻao o ka rīpī o nā membrane, a hoʻonui ʻia nā kihi o nā manamana lima i nā ʻōpala, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā kīʻaha waiʻu, e kōkua ana i ka neʻe ʻana ma nā kumulāʻau a me nā lālā. He ʻulaʻula a ʻae like ʻole a lākou. ʻO nā ʻekahi wahine a me nā wahine like ʻole. ʻO ka make nui: hoʻopā wale ʻia i ka ʻeke a ka ʻōpala e lawa a hiki i ka make ʻapo. Hoʻohana ka ʻohana kūloko i ka pona o kēia mau bako i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā pua: i lawa paha ke kolo no nā ʻōlelo he nui.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka lāʻau ʻōpala weliweli?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kahukaha lau nahele i loko o nā wahiʻala
He mau huaʻululu pōkole kēia e noho nui ana ma ka hema a me ke komohana o Colombia. ʻOi aku lākou i ka nui nā mā anuʻu me nā mea kanu. Noho lākou i nā lalo lalo o nā wahi - i ka mauʻu, pua, i nā aʻa o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia mau amphibia i nā ʻāina ma lalo nei:
ʻO ka mea kahakaha weliweli ʻaʻole hana i nā hale mau iā ia iho - i ka pō ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i kahi home hou. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka pō ma lalo o nā lau maloʻo, nā aʻa, a me nā ʻeleʻele ma ka papahele, ka kanu ʻana iā lākou iho i ka ʻāina lepo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou e lurking ana i nā mauʻu i ulu a me nā pā o nā kumulāʻau, nā pōhaku a me ka honua.
ʻAʻole like ia me nā ʻano nui o nā rana, nā lau kahelehele he wai ʻole, akā inā pono lākou i ka makika. ʻAʻole lākou e noho kokoke i ka wai e kahe ana, e pale aku i nā kahawai a me nā mea nui loa. Hiki ke hōʻoia i ko lākou nui, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi kahawai wai ke malulu i kahi mea liʻiliʻi. Akā he pono ka hāleʻa lau o ka lau, no laila makemake lākou e noho ma kahi o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻi, a ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā hau nui o ka hau a i ka ua a ka ua
Hūnā nā palaka mai nā nū kula ma luna o nā kumu kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau, e peʻe ana ma hope o nā lau ākea a i ʻole i nā pahū i loko o ka lāʻau lāʻau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hoʻohana ka ʻohana kūloko i ka ʻaka palaho i mea kīʻaha i nā pua.
ʻO nā ʻāpana he mea weliweli weliweli he mea hanohano nā mākaʻikaʻi e kāohi i nā palena mai nā lālā o kā lākou kāne. I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe ma kahi e noho ai ka palaka me kahi puʻupuʻu weliweli. E ʻike kākē i nā mea ʻawa ʻawaʻawa e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea pīpī lau weliweli i ʻai?
ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi: poʻomanaʻo weliweli lau-climber
He poʻe pōkole loa nā hua ulu weliweli, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka wikiwiki o kā lākou metabolism. No laila, ʻekolu lā o ka pololi, ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia e nā rana, hiki ke pepehi iā listolaz. Pono lākou e hānai, a pono ka ʻai o ka ʻai i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū.
ʻO ka meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā palipiki lauwili e komo ai:
- mauʻu, me nā mea ʻona.
- nā kikowaena ʻōpiopio
- tolo
- mauʻu puaʻa
- lele
- nā pūnāwai liʻiliʻi
- houpo lewalv
- nā kui
- lāʻau lice.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka ʻōlelo o nā mea piʻi lāʻau - he kokoke ia i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka baki. Hoʻolaha lākou i ka neʻe liʻiliʻi a he maʻi maʻi nui. Noho ka noho ʻana ma kahi wahi hūnā, hoʻomākeo ʻia i kahi lau kahe a waiho i kahi mea ʻae a hoʻokuʻu iā ia e hoʻokokoke loa iā ia. A laila ke kiola nei ʻo ia i kāna e pili ana i ka hua o ka pili, ka lawaiʻa ʻana a ʻai i laila. Hoʻomaʻa ʻo nā hua o nā mea ulu lāʻau i nā meaʻai mea kanu a me nā lepo lepo. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua manuola ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kanaka nui-climber e huli pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona. Ma kēia hihia, ʻānai ʻia nā rana i ka ʻelua o ka lā: i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, a me ke aniani, pono nā holoholona e loaʻa i ka ʻai ka lau manu i kēlā me kēia manawa.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻāpana lau home e komo me ka:
- ʻo colembuli (ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai),
- pili koko
- pūnāwale
- lāʻau lice,
- mea hana pono
- lele nā hua.
ʻO nā meaʻai like ʻole e hōʻemi i nā ʻano o nā baki, e hana ʻole no ka noho pio ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke kiʻi: Horrible Red Book Climber
ʻO ka laulā, ʻaʻole i weliweli loa ka lāʻau ʻōlima weliweli - ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻākaʻi mua a paʻa wale lākou i nā mea i manaʻo kūʻē iā lākou. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne o ka ʻokoʻa o ka wahine, akā ua ʻokoʻa kā lāua ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kāne ka ʻōpiopio i kēlā me kēia. Kahi uukākahi kāne nā kime, nona kāna kumu, ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻumi paha wahine. ʻO nā kāne kāne me kēia mau wahine, pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i nā kāne kāne ʻē aʻe.
Inā hele ʻē aʻe kekahi kāne kokoke, hoʻomaka ka mea nona ka pūnaewele e hōʻike i kona akamai: kāhea ʻo ia i ka ʻūlū ʻana, a me kona ʻakaʻī ʻana me he ʻāpana manu. Hiki i nā kāne ʻelua ke noho no nā hola e noho kū ana i waena o kēlā me kēia a hoʻōho leo ʻole. Maʻalahi loa, hele mai i kahi hakakā - hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻopiʻi kekahi i kekahi, a kuʻi pū kekahi me kā lākou mau wāwae - he mea hoʻomanaʻo kēia no ka freest wrestling. Inā lanakila ke kāne male, e ʻimi ʻo ia i ka mea nona ka ʻāina a hana i ka pānaʻi nona iho me ka harem o nā wahine.
ʻO kekahi mau manawa hiki i nā wahine ke kūʻē i kekahi i kekahi - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia ʻano. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōho me ka ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka hakakā ʻana, akā e hoʻokau ʻia ʻole ʻia me ka maluhia. Huli mālie nā wahine i kahi o ke kāne a me ka ʻole o nā hopena i hiki i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i nā mele ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ke ola, noho kaʻawale ka poʻe o ka lau-climber weliweli loa. ʻAʻohe o lākou hale paʻa loa, mai lauhele pū ʻole ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi hierarchy.
Hoʻopau kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka hopu o ka lā holoʻokoʻa - ke kali nei lākou i nā iniseti i nā wahi hoʻohālua. I ka pō, hele lākou i nā hale paʻahana - hiki ke ʻāpono ʻia kēia me ka maopopo ʻole i ka mea wānana i ka wā ʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke kala ʻōwili o ka ʻaka a ua ʻai ʻia, ka mea e pōʻino ai i ka lua. I ka home, hiki i ka listolaz weliweli ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā pūʻulu o nā wahine a i ʻole ke kāne me nā wahine. ʻIke maikaʻi lākou i kahi pākōkō a me ka hānai.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kāleka Leaf Climber
ʻO nā mea weliweli lau nahele he ʻōpala pahūʻenehana pahū - na ka mea i kau ʻia ma ka nui o ka baki, ʻaʻole naʻe ma luna o kāna makahiki. Hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i ka hua keiki, pono ke kāne a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 3, 7 cm, a ʻo ka wahine - 4 cm. ʻO kēia mau amphibia i kahi wā hānai e hāʻule ana i ka wā o ka ua - ʻo ia ka manawa i kulu pū ai nā rana i nā hui nui ma lalo o nā lau a me ka ʻala. nā lāʻau e hūnā i nā hāʻule.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hānau ʻia ka leafolase piha ʻole i nā mea ʻole, a me ka makahiki wale nō ia e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana ma o ka meaʻai i hiki ai ke hana i ka ʻona.
Hoʻokomo ʻo ke kāne i nā wahine harem i pau i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia. Pōʻili ʻia ka wā o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu, e waiho ana i ka ʻāina mākū ma lalo o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā lau. I ka manawa pinepine, koho nā wahine i nā lau bromeliad no ka masonry. ʻAʻole he nui o nā hua - wale nō ma kahi o 15-30 mau ʻāpana, no laila kokoke ola nā mea āpau o nā rana.
Haʻi ka wahine i ke kāwili koke ma hope o ka hoʻomakeke ʻana, ua waiho ʻia ma ke kāne. Ke nānā aku nei ke kāne kāne i kekahi mau pipi, ke kanu nei i nā hua ma ka lepo lepo a me ka pale mai nā encroachments hiki. Hoʻohui pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā hua a laila e ʻokaʻawale iki ʻia ka pulehu.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka tadpoles, ua hōʻiliʻili ke kāne iā lākou ma kona kua - ke paʻa mau nei lākou me ke kōkua o ka ʻūhū a noho i loko no kekahi manawa, ʻai i nā mea i hūnā ʻia e ka ʻili o ke kāne. Mālama pū ka rīpī e hiki mai i nā koena o ka hua manu. Ma ke kua o kā lākou makuakāne ʻaʻole lākou i pilikia mai, no laila lākou ma luna o kahi hebedoma.
Hiki i ka Tadpoles ke noho i loko o ka wai, akā ma laila ke ʻano ākea ai e kū kekahi i kekahi a ʻai i nā ʻohana. Iʻelua mau pule ma hope aku, lilo lākou i piha piha i nā baki. ʻAʻole i ʻike e ʻike ʻia pehea ka nui o nā mea piʻi nui o ka lau e noho ana ma ka nahelehele, akā i ka hoʻopio a me ka mālama pono ʻana lākou e ola a hiki i 10 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka lau ʻaoʻao weliweli
Kuhi: Frog weliweli lau-climber
ʻO ka listolaz weliweli ʻaʻole mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Ma muli o kona kala, makemake nui nā poʻe wānana e pākuʻi i kēia ʻaoʻao amphibian, no ka mea hiki i ke keʻike like ʻana ua maopopo lākou he hōʻailona pōpilikia kēlā. No laila, ola ka lāʻau hāliu, e ʻimi hoʻoliʻi i ka manaʻo o nā poʻe mea hoʻopuka a ʻaʻole i hūnā ma nā wahi huna.
Akā i kekahi manawa e hiki i nā mea hoʻopiʻi e hiki ke hoʻolauleʻa i kahi kahele lāʻau weliweli.
- nā mea make a me nā mea hao, ʻoi loa ka nocturnal. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kahi lāʻau hele malū weliweli ʻole e hoʻomaopopo i kona ʻano kala ʻana,
- nā pūnāwai nui. Listolazy no ka mea liʻiliʻi o lākou liʻiliʻi e hiki i loko o ka pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ʻole ai iā lākou ke puka i waho. Hoʻopilikia wale nā ʻawaʻawa pōpilikia i ka pōpō pololi, no laila e make nā mea ʻelua.
- nā manu ʻolika nui, i ka nocturnal kūikawā.
ʻO ka pinepine o ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana nā tadpoles - i nā kahawai a me nā loko i ʻai ʻia e lākou e nā iʻa, nā manu ʻona, nā manuahi, nā ʻeke a me nā naʻe. ʻAʻole ʻawaʻawa nā Tadpoles, no laila, he ʻahaʻaina lākou no nā ʻelele he nui o nā manu holona.
Ke alakaʻi nei kahi lau-ʻoi i kahi lau kahe ʻole - e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻulaʻula ʻike ʻia ke ʻike ʻia mai kahi mamao aku, ʻoi loa ia i ka wā e noho ana ka amphibian ma luna o kahi lāʻau uliuli. Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia ka leafolase e kekahi mea predator a manu paha, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻūʻū piercingly. ʻAʻohe lākou i holo a hūnā ʻole, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, lele koke ka puʻuwai lauwela i ka mea hoʻopuka a me ka uē pū. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hua ka hua o kēia ʻano - lawe koke ka mea nāna i ka manaʻo, no ka mea e pili ana i ka lau-climber, ka mea hoʻi e neʻe aku nei i ka ʻenemi, he mea make.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi: poʻomanaʻo weliweli lau-climber
Noho kokoke nā kihi puka pēpē i kahi kūlana hake. Aia kekahi mau kumu no kēia. No ke ʻano - deforestation. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻōhua o ka ululele e nā kānaka, a e hōʻoki i kēia i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe o nā mea piʻi weliweli. Me ka ululāʻau, luku ʻia nā ʻanohele ʻai e ʻai ai ka lau. He ʻakolu wale nō paha ka pōkole no kēia amphibian, akā ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia lākou me ka ʻole o ka ʻai.
Eia kekahi, ke hoʻololi nei i ke anuanu - ka nele o ka ua, ke anu ka anu a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i maikaʻi ʻole no nā mea piʻi weliweli e hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻōmaʻina paʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka helehelena o ka nohona kūlohelohe - ʻāhū ka piʻi ʻana o ka lau i ka ʻōpala hana.
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea ʻino e like me nā mea spider, nahesa a me nā wahaheʻe. Ma muli o ka nele o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, ke māhuahua nei ka poʻe e kuʻi nei i nā kānaka weliweli lau nui weliweli, e alakaʻi ana i ka hūnā i ka lehulehu ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO ka hana huʻi. Ma muli o ka hapa ʻole o ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana ola ʻole, ka nānā ʻole o ka lau i ka lā nui a me ka wā o ka lawehala, e hoʻopilikia pū ʻia ai ka poʻe.
Nāu kiaʻi manu kokoke e like me nā holoholona. ʻAʻole kēia i pōʻino i ka lehulehu, no ka mea, i loko o ka terrarium ka nui o nā kānaka hānai nui e noho i kahi lōʻihi a me ka ʻano, akā naʻe, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i kēlā mau ʻōpiopio ʻoi loa e alakaʻi pinepine i ko lākou hoʻouka ʻana i nā kānaka a, no laila, ʻaʻole kūpono kēlā mau palaka no ka noho ʻana ma ka home.
E kiaʻi i ka piʻi lauwela weliweli
ʻO ke kiʻi: Horrible Red Book Climber
ʻO ka manu kiaʻi weliweli loa, me kekahi mau homa ʻawaʻawa, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Book International ma lalo o ke kūlana o nā manu hemo ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻōlelo nui e hāpai i ka ʻā ʻana iho o kēia ʻano holoholona.
- ka hoʻopiʻi i nā kānaka o ka hoʻopiha lau nui.
- ka poʻe puaʻa puaʻa i nā zoos a i ka home me ka poʻe puʻuwai me ka pahuhopu o ke hoʻokuʻu hou aku i kekahi o nā poʻe i ka hihiu,
- ʻO ka kāohi a ka poʻe predator i hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka lau.
- lawe i nā hana e hoʻokō a hoʻopau paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pesticides a me nā mea waiwai maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana o ka hua. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka manaʻolana o ke ola o nā ʻano holoholona he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi papa inoa weliweli.
ʻAʻole nui nā kaʻina hiki ke lawe ʻia, ʻoiai he mea hiki ʻole ka pale kino a me ke ʻano paʻakikī i ka pale ʻana. ʻOiai ke aʻo nei nā ʻepekema i nā nuances o ke ola o kēia mau baki, i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke hana iā lākou i nā kūlana ola hou. Hāʻawi kēia i ka halihali ʻana i nā wahi piʻi weliweli loa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe kahi kahi e hoʻoweliweli ai iā lākou.
Kahu piʻo ʻino - kahi mea kupanaha. ʻOiai ke aka o lākou kekahi o nā mea ʻona nui loa o ka lewa, ua kūpono lākou no ka noho ʻana ma ka home. Hōʻailona maluhia nā mea piʻi lāʻau kūloko i nā kānaka, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kūlana pio, ʻo kā lākou lehulehu ka hoʻomau ʻana.
Loaʻa ka ʻanuʻu leafaz
ʻO kēia mau nā lālā o ka ʻohana woodpecker i kahi oakou alkaloxic alkaloid ikaika i loko o ko lākou kino. I loko o kahi kanaka i nā helu he nui, hoʻokomo ia i ka haʻalulu, kaū a me ka maʻi pālō. Ma muli o kona kala mahana, hoʻolaha ka amphibian i nā poʻe wānana i kona heleʻana i ka ʻawa. Akā, ʻaʻole i nā kulu nā lua.
Puhi ka hopena ma muli o ke ʻai ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano o nā invertebrates a hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka ʻili. He aha nā ʻano pepeke o kēia mau ʻike - ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe loea. Eia naʻe, no ka laʻana, loaʻa nā manu ʻona e noho ana ma New Guinea i nā batrachotoxin maiʻa liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana Melyridae.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia i nā manawa ma mua nei, ua lilo ke poʻo listolaz i mea kaulana e like me ke holoholona. Aia i ka noho pio ʻana, ua pau kēia mau amphibians i nā mea momona a lākou, me ko lākou hoʻōki ʻana i ka hānai ʻana i kēlā mau pepeke, me ke kōkua o ia mea ua hua ʻia ka ʻona.
Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā vivariums me nā nui o 100 e 60 ma 60 cm. Ma kēia manawa, ʻoluʻolu nā luna o nā ʻano. Wahi a nā lau i kau ʻia ma ka vivarium, piʻi a palaka a piʻi i lalo me nā manamana lima. I ka manawa like, e hoʻopili pono nā vivariums iā lākou ʻaʻole i hiki i nā amphibians liʻiliʻi ke puka i waho o lākou.
Nā mea piʻi poʻomanaʻo
Mai nā lepa ʻili o kēia mau bako, ua hūnā ʻia ka pahuhulu, ka mea e loaʻa ai nā ʻiʻo ikaika. Mālama ka mea i nā baki mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, nā mea kanu a me nā fungi. ʻO ka mea ʻona o ka leafolase ka mea ʻawaʻawa, wahi a ko lākou kala.
Aia nā hona o kēia mau bako i ka ʻona like ʻole i loaʻa i ka meaʻai a lākou e hana ai - i loko o nā mea a me nā mea inikili. Hoʻomaʻalulu ka mau baki i nā palu mai ka meaʻai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia i nā kūnaka. I ka hoʻopio ʻana, nalowale ke ʻano o nā mea piʻi o ka lau lehelehe, no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa nā mea ʻona i ka ʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu kūpono i kēia mau bako maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā pā. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou kahiʻano kūpono a maʻaila i nā lima.
Nāu lāʻau huehue i nā ʻōpala huehue.
Pono nā papa ʻāina no ka mālama ʻana i nā kolo lau
ʻO ka ʻāina i kēia mau palaka nani ʻo ke kahakai Pākīpika o Costa Rica. Noho lākou ma nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa, ma ka lalo o lalo, ma kahi o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole hāpai ka mau lālana i nā lāʻau. No laila, hiki i ka terrarium ke haʻahaʻa, lawa a 30 mau kenimika i ke kiʻekiʻe. Akā i ka hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā pilikia i ka wā e koho ai i nā mea kanu, koho i nā terrariums me ke kiʻekiʻe o 40-60 kenimika. No kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā lau kime lau o ka ʻalihi, pono kahi o 1500 mau kenimika square.
Hana ʻia ka papahele o ka papa kai me kahi papa o ka niu. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu Hydrophilous i loko o ka lepo. ʻO nā Ficuses, scindapsuses, arrowroot-keʻokeʻo a me nā mea like ʻia e kūpono no kēia mau kumu. I nā kōwila o nā lau o nā mea kanu, kanu mau hala i kekahi manawa i nā hua. Pono he loko liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā hale hale ke hana ʻia mai nā ʻāpana o nā niu a i ʻole nā mea kūpono ʻē aʻe.
Pono ikaika ka kukui. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka territory me ka wai hoʻoneʻe i kēlā me kēia lā, aiʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi humidifier kūikawā.
Ua kūpono ka Listolazy no ka mālama ʻana ma kahi kekona.
E mālama i kēia mau baki he koi nui loa, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia i ka pō ke mālama ʻia i loko o 20-24 mau degere, a i ke ao - 26-30 degere. ʻAʻole pono e ala i luna o 30 mau kiʻekiʻe, no ka make me nā baki. Hoʻohui lākou i ka wai me kahi koikoi hoʻolaʻa, a hoʻomohu ʻia ka ea mai ka wai.
ʻAi hānai
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hele wāwae i kālai ʻia, ʻo ia nō ka hakakā i ke koho ʻana o nā meaʻai. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai, he ʻokoʻa me ka Drosophila kūlohelohe, ka ʻona o nā kūhā liʻiliʻi, nā kihi o ka pōpoki, nā makika lāʻau, nā wīwī palaoa a me ka "lepo". Hāʻawi ʻia nā koena Flour ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa o ka hebedoma, ʻoiai ua momona loa kēia meaʻai a me ka malnourishing. ʻO ka mea pīpī palū, no laila, ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i nā rana, kuʻi lākou i ko lākou poʻo me ka tweezers.
Nā wana laukani i ʻōpiu me ka ʻulaʻula kupaianaha.
I ke kauwela, he meaʻokoʻa o kaʻai i nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā lau me nā nū, nā lele, nā cicadas, nā ʻano o nā lau a me nā aphids. Kūpono kūpono ʻo Aphids no ka hānai holoholona i nā holoholona ʻōpio.
ʻAʻole ikaika ʻole kēia mau bako ma ka ʻano, no laila ma ka terrace hiki iā ʻoe ke komo maluhia i kahi hui e noho ana i kekahi o nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole. Hīmeni pinepine ʻia ka mele. ʻAʻole ikaika loa nā leo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hiki i ke kāne hoʻokahi makahiki ke hīmeni a hoʻokomo i nā pākeke. I ka pō, ua ʻuʻuku lākou.
Listolaz - ka wehewehe, hoʻolālā, nā kiʻi
ʻO waho, he like me ka lālani. He elongated, kino ke kino ʻo ka amphibian me ka lōʻihi o 2 a 5.5 cm, e hoʻololi alualu ʻia i ke poʻo ākea. Kūkaha ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā ʻōpū ma mua o ke alo, a ʻo kekahi o nā manamana lima lōʻihi loa.
E like me nā amphibians e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ʻāina, ʻaʻole ka membaz i ka membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia nā manamana lima i kahi ʻano o ka honi, i uhi ʻia me ka dentit epithelium a me nā papa o nā kelepona heʻe he huna i ka huna ʻia. ʻO kēia keʻena o nā wāwae i hiki i nā holoholona ke holo maʻalahi i nā lālā a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO nā maka nui a Listolase a ʻilika a mālamalama, a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka iris.
Kūpono a pehu ka ʻili o ka hapanui o nā lau panana, he ʻāpana kukui hoʻonaninani o kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā kala like, kahi e hōʻailona ai i nā poʻe kaukē ʻalani he mea ʻona. No laila, ʻaʻohe mau ʻenehana kūlohelohe laupil: he holoholona i pakele ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻai i ka momona maikaʻi e kālai ʻia kēia mau amphibians i ke koena o kona ola.
Holoi Leafolase
Hoʻopuka nā ʻōiwi ʻili o ka leafolase i ka mea make make, kū hoʻokahi i ka pakano, batrachotoxin. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka waiwai i loko o ke kino o hoʻokahi kanaka weliweli leafc ma kahi o 500 mcg. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēia ʻōmaha ma ke kino o nā amphibians ʻaʻole i aʻo pono i ia: aia i hiki ke loaʻa i nā amphibians ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻona ma luna o lākou iho a i ʻole hoʻi me ke kōkua o nā huakini simbiotic. Wahi a kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau i loko o ko lākou kino me kekahi ʻano o nā pīpī, kahi e ʻai ai ka ʻaumia, a, ke kū ʻole ʻia o nā hopena ʻona, hōʻiliʻili nui i nā ʻuā, a laila hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā kumu palekana.
Loaʻa iā Batrachotoxin ka hopena paralytic a me ka cardiotoxic hopena.Ke hoʻomake nei i loko o ke koko ma o nā hōʻeha, nā microcracks i loko o ka ʻili a i nā membrane paha mucous, ʻoiai he dosis ʻole loa o ka hopena a hiki i ka arrhythmia, ka maʻi o nā ʻōpū a me nā mea huli ʻole, ma muli o ia hopu ka hopu ʻana a me ka make. Hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia ʻo ia pūlū liʻiliʻi a make ʻia ʻoiai ʻoiai e lawe ʻia ka antidotes no ka batrachotoxin.
Ua hānau nā Listolazes i nā mea ʻole hona, a ma ka hoʻopio hoʻi nalowale ko lākou mau make, no laila he mea kaulana loa i waena o nā terrarium-poʻe hoʻomana o nā holoholona nani.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka mea mālama lāʻau?
ʻO Listolazy kahi mauʻehā o nā amphibians tailless e noho kū wale ana i ka Hema a me Central America. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina e like me Panama, Nicaragua, Kolombia a me Costa Rica.
A alakaʻi nā ʻelele a pau o ke ʻano i ka nohona i kēlā me kēia lā, a makemake e noho i ka nui kahe a me ka lāʻau kūleo, ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lālani ka nui o ko lākou ola ma ka ʻāina a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, ʻimi i ke ao, a hoʻomaha ma ka pō ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i loko o kahi mauʻu maikaʻi a i ʻole ma nā wahi o ka lāʻau lāʻau, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā holoholona hānai poʻalaka he holoholona teritorial: aia kēlā me kēia kāne i kahi pākē pilikino e pale palekana ana i kekahi o kāna kāne mai ka hoʻopā. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻokūkū i ka mea nona ke aniani e hōʻike i kāna mau ʻano kaua kaua, ia mea i palena iki ʻia i ka he melodic lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi "ka uwē kaua." Inā ʻaʻole kēia i kōkua, e noho ana nā mea hīmeni kāne e kū pono i kēlā me kēia lā, a hīmeni i kā lākou mau mele i mau hola, a i loko o kahi hihia nui loa ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā hakakā me ko ke kūlike manuahi. Akā me kahi wahine wahine o 3-10 wahine, hele pololei nā kāne, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā skirmish ma waena o nā wahine.
He aha kaʻai leafolaz?
ʻO Listolaz kahi holoholona pīhoihoi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wikiwiki, a no ka lā 3-4 o ka pōloli ʻōwili ʻaʻole wale nō e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka mea hānai, akā ua alakaʻi pū ʻia hoʻi i kona make. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o nā lau umauma ka mea i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: nā semu, nā pīpī, nā ʻū, nā puʻupuʻu, nā wāwae, nā lehelehe, ka nui o nā ʻalā, nā wīwī, nā kime lāʻau. E like me nā lālā o ka ʻohana, ke pane maikaʻi ʻana o nā lau nui i ka neʻe a ua noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka lewa, no laila ke hopu maikaʻi lākou i ka mea i kā ʻia ʻia me ka “pana” ʻana i kahi alelo a me ka pinepine o ka manawa i ka lā. ʻO nā mea kanu o ka tadpoles e loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu, ke koena o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā hua i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia e nā ʻano ʻaumoku ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻano o nā mea piʻi puke, nā kiʻi a me nā inoa
ʻO nā genus listolaz kahi wale nō o nā ʻano he 5. Eia malalo iho kā lākou wehewehe ʻana.
- Laau-kapelē lepa-gula(Phyllobates aurotaenia)
Loaʻa ia i kona inoa e mahalo i nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o ke gula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula hoʻi, i mea i hoʻi mai ma ka hope o ke kaohi ʻana. Ma nā wāwae hind o ka amphibian, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻālika o kahi uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole gula hue. ʻEleʻele ka papahele o ka ʻōpū me nā uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua kihi iki paha ka ʻili ma hope o ke kua. ʻOi aku ka wāwae mua ma mua o ka lua. ʻO nā discs o ka pōleʻa pālahalaha o nā laulā. Ua liʻiliʻi nā niho a aia i nā iwi maxillary a intermaxillary. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā pākeke ma ka 3.2 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine o ka leafolase a ulu i 3,5 cm. Noho nā kahelehele ʻelele gula i loko o Kolombia, a makemake paha e noho kūleʻa i nā kuʻuna pākela i loaʻa i nā wahi haʻalulu a me nā wahi nahele ma ke komohana o nā Cordilleras Sidona, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe oʻoi aku ma mua o 1 km. Ke kūlana o ka palekana - kokoke i kahi kūlana lūlū.
- Mikiāi ʻelua hua ʻelua(ʻO ka phyllobates bicolor)
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o ka nui nui a i ka hanauna wale nō, akā ʻike ʻia i ka ʻohana: ulu nā wahine i ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 5-5.5 cm (e like me nā kumuwaiwai 3.6-4.3 cm), hiki i nā kāne ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4.5-5 cm (e like me nā kumuwaiwai 3.2-4 cm). ʻ yellowleʻele a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻili o nā lau o nā lauolile. I kekahi manawa he melemele a heʻulaʻula paha kona mau maka. ʻEleʻele paha ka ʻōpū a i ʻole he hui melemele a i ʻole ʻaina hue a ʻulaʻula. Aia kekahi wahi ʻeleʻele e kū ma luna o ke kakā. Hoʻokomo nā niho listolaz i nā iwi maxillary a me intermaxillary. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manamana lima ma mua o ka lua, a ma nā manamana lima e hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO hoʻokahi kanaka o nā lauolase ʻelua mau loko i laila e pili ana i ka 150 micrograms o ka make o ka nalo, he haʻahaʻa loa i ka pakanā wale nō i kona pili pili kokoke loa - ka leafolase weliweli. Kēia mea huahua o ke kūlohelohe hiki i ka pepehi ʻana i ka pākeke. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he mau holoholona kapu wale nō, ʻoiai inā hiki i kahi manawa ke hālāwai me kahi pūʻulu piha o nā manu ʻelua ʻāpana. Hoʻākoakoa lākou i nā pūʻulu i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻo ia ko lākou wā makamaʻi. Hāpai ka noho o nā holoholona i loko o nā wahi kai anu i ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, i ka nui loa i nā komohana komohana o Colombia. Ke kūlana o ka palekana - kokoke i kahi kūlana lūlū.
- Kāwei Kūpono Leaf(ʻO Phyllobates vittatus)
ʻO ka ʻōlaʻi loko o ka heʻe i manaʻo nui ʻia: ʻo ka ʻili o ke kua, ke poʻo a me nā limu o nā holoholona ma ka ʻeleʻele, a i kekahi o nā kanaka, ke kīʻaha o nā melemele i hele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka lapalapa. ʻO ka ʻili ma hope o ka ʻili, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻili o ke alo o nā ʻōpū pū me ka tuberous. Hoʻokomo nā niho liʻiliʻi i nā iwi maxillary a intermaxillary. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka muzzle, mai ka lae a hiki i ka paʻu nui o ka ʻūhā, he laulā ākea ākea o ka ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. Holo ka lei keʻokeʻo mai ka maka, a ma ka lehelehe a me ka poʻohiwi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ma waho o nā wāwae i uhi ʻia me ka punawai pōpiki polū-uliuli, a ʻo ka pihi o ka wāwae lā ke kumu i hoʻonani ʻia me ka hana ʻōpala i hana ʻia e nā keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā kukui ʻulaʻula paha. Holo keʻokeʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha he polū a i ʻole nā kaila o ka lau o ka lau o ka lau. ʻOi aku ka wāwae mua ma mua o ka lua. ʻO kēia mau mea ulu maikaʻi o kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana: ulu nā ʻōpio a hiki i ka 3.1 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne, ʻaʻole nui aʻe ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka 2.6 cm. ʻO Golfo Dulce, ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 20 a 550 m ma luna o ke kai. Ma ke ala, no kēia mau ʻano ulu o ka lau.
- Nā māla lau nui loa(Phyllobates lugubris)
I waena o nā ʻelele a pau o ke ʻano, ʻo kēia mau mea ulu o nā lau ʻuʻuku a me nā mea ʻalaʻawa: ʻo ka pākeke hoʻokahi wale nō ka huaʻai 0.8 nā micrograms o ka ʻehā, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o kēia inoa inoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā wahine wahine leafolase leafolase he 2,4 cm wale nō, ʻo ka nui o nā kāne ma kahi o 2,1 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka leafolase ma mua o ka umauma, a ʻoi aku ka ulu mua o ka mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū ma ka ʻili, a me ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wāwae i ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano granular. E kūlike i nā ʻeleʻele uliuli ākea, nā ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōniʻoniʻo e hele ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino e hoʻokaʻawale loa; hiki i kā lākou waihoʻoluʻu ke melemele, saturated ʻulaʻula, turquoise a i ʻole he gula. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wāwae o ka lālani lau-lehelehe me nā kīwī pālua me ka marbling i hōʻike ʻia i kahi kekelē a i ʻole. Mai ka welau loa o ka muzz amphibian, he pelekane keʻokeʻo o ka turquoise a keʻokeʻo paha e hoʻomaka, e kū a hele a waena o nā maka a me nā lehelehe luna. Noho ka poʻe pīhoihoi kaomi pīhoihoi ma Panama, Nicaragua a me Costa Rica, loaʻa i nā wao nahele i lalo o nā muliwai a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i ka 650 m ma mua o ke kai. Ke kūlana palekana - ke kumu o ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi.
- Kahu piʻo ʻino(Phyllobatesterribilis)
ʻO kēia ka amphibian piha maikaʻi loa o ka ʻohana listolaz. Hoʻokomo kekahi holoholona ʻoi aku e pili ana i 500 micrograms o nā mea make make, ʻoiai kona ʻāpana nui loa: ʻo ka wahine a me nā kāne a ulu aʻe i ka lōʻihi o 4.7 cm a me 4,5 cm, kēlā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e kahi ʻula melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele ko lākou ʻaoʻao, a hala kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. Ke ulu nei ka holoholona, nalowale nā leoʻeleʻele, a loaʻa i ka amphibian kahi kala māmā, a me nā melemele-ʻula me nā pua hāliʻi. Hoʻokahi ka māhele o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lau-climber weliweli i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi i ke komohana hema o Kolombia, kahi e noho ai nā amphibians i lalo o nā kumu honu ʻōkula. He manu weliweli ka lāʻau kiahe weliweli a ua helu ʻia ma ka International Red Book.