I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā manu e huki i ka nānā kūikawā o nā poʻe ʻepekema. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hiki ke loaʻa o nā manu i ke ʻano o ka hiki ʻana i ka palaualelo, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana, akā ʻo ka hana ʻano maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like o ka manu i loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe a i nā kūlana o ka hoʻokolohua.
ʻO ka hope loa, hoʻomaka nā mākaʻi e pili ana i nā hana kūpono o nā manu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mai ka hapalua o ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hoʻopili nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka mea nui o ka anatomy. A i ʻole, he mea paʻakikī paha e kau i nā mea ola a pau i ka "ʻanuʻu o ke alohilohi" e like me kā lākou pae o ka paʻakikī: mai ka "protozoa" a i nā mō'ī. Mai ka ʻano paʻakikī o nā mea ola, a me nā invertebrates, ʻaʻole i kūpono i ke ʻano i hana ʻia o kēia kuʻina, ua pau lākou i ka mālama pono ʻana iā ia. I ka manawa like, hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi a me ka zoopsychological noiʻi i pili i nā primates.
ʻO nā manu, ua manaʻo ʻo isnithologists e hoʻoluhi ʻia i nā instincts wale nō, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia he "cortex o ka manu.
A mai loko wale nō o ka waena o ka iwakāluakū iwakālua ua hoʻololi ʻia ka manaʻo o nā manu e kūlike i ka kūlike. Hōʻike nā hōʻike i ko lākou hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa, ka hiki ke aʻo a hoʻomohala i nā reflexes kūlana. No laila, ʻo ka hapanui o nā manu he maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i kā lākou hana ʻano, nā manu, no ka laʻu (a i ʻole ka corvidae), ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa loa i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "mamā" nui, akā he nui ma mua o nā ʻano.
E nānā i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hiki ke kahakaha a me nā hiki o nā manu.
Hōʻike hanana hana hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomanaʻo
He hiki ke ʻike i ka home a me nā wahiʻai. He mau manu he nui, i ko lākou hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina mai mamao aku, no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, e huli i nā ʻuʻāina kūlohelohe. No laila, holo nā ʻekahi, ma hope o ka lūlū o ka hoʻoilo, lele ka mamao mai kahi mamao aku i ko lākou wahi mua a hana i nā nū ma kahi o ka pūnana kahiko. Hiki i nā moa ke ʻike i kā lākou moa moa ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki.
A i ʻole flyie nā mea wīwī. He mau kamaʻāina maoli lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei ma nā wahi like i hānau ʻia ai nā keiki i hoʻokahi makahiki i hala. Mālama ka hoʻomaopopo iā lākou e loaʻa i kā lākou mau hullows a me nā kuleana, akā ʻaʻole kokoke i ke ala o kēia mau pichugs - mai ʻApelika. I ka huakaʻi, lele lākou ma luna o nā ʻāina he kanakolu o ka honua, a i ke hoʻi ʻana aku, ua ʻike maʻalahi lākou i ko lākou hale hānau. Ulo liʻiliʻi ka wahine o nā manu loea pied a me nā manu ʻōpio i kahi hale a ua liʻiliʻi ʻia ma mua o nā kāne makua ke hoʻi aku i kā lākou hānai.
Hoʻopau kekahi o nā manu ulu manu i nā meaʻai i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, a loaʻa koke iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai. Kūkulu pū kekahi lāʻau lāʻau anti-i loko o kahi ala-naʻauao. Hana ʻo ia i nā lua i loko o ka pūhaka o ke kumulāʻau a waiho i kahi ʻākena i kēlā me kēia. Hiki i kēlā mau ʻanina liʻiliʻi ke nui i ka pale ʻia e ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, akā naʻe ke hoʻokele nā manu i nā hoʻomanaʻo a kēlā me kēia manawa i ka manawa anuanu.
ʻO nā manu e hānai ana i nā nectar o nā pua i loaʻa kahi hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo. No laila, ʻike ka poʻe punahele Hawaiʻi i nā kumuʻai o ka meaʻai a hoʻomanaʻo pono i nā wahi i kipa aku ai lākou a inu i ka nectar pua. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa i nā huli ʻole.
Hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻokō pono. He nui nā manu e mālama i nā ʻōpala o nā mea āpau a lākou i lohe ai a ʻike ai mai nā mākua, nā hoahānau i loko o ka ʻohana, a no nā lālā o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōpala, nā welo, nā lehelehe me ka hiki ke hoʻohālike, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi iā lākou a ma ke ʻano maoli a i ke pio.
No ka laʻana, he hoʻomanaʻo poʻomanaʻo a ʻike a pehea e hoʻoponopono pono ai i nā leo o nā manu e like me ke ʻano he thrush, oriole, finch, jackdaw, turntable, ke kākele ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai mai nā ʻaoʻao o kā lākou mele kā mele ʻia i kāna mele mele, e hoʻolohe ana i nā mea e hoihoi ʻia i ke mele mele. E pili paha ia i kahi hua manu, a laila e kani ʻo ia me ka kestrel, a ʻo ia hoʻi me he moa ka moa.
Nui ka mele ma kāna mele a me nā leo ʻē aʻe e lohe ʻia e nā holoholona - ka ʻōʻī ʻana i ka ʻalā, ka ʻū ʻana o kahi pūlio, kūlio ʻana i ka ʻīlio, a me nā leo mai kā mākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā - ka ʻō ʻana o ka mīkini, ka puʻu ʻana i ka puka, nā peʻa puka a me nā kīwaha ʻeke. Noho ka noho pio ʻana, hiki i ka mea palau ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻōlelo a ke kanaka me nā huaʻōlelo pōkole.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hui avian ʻaʻole maopopo i ka maopopo.
Ma waena o kā mākou mau mele mele, hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻōpala ke neʻe i kahi mea hele maikaʻi a me ka linguist me ka hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia iā ia nā hana kupaianaha e "hopu" koke, e hoʻomanaʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi a pololei hoʻi i nā kani i hana ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Noho nā manikua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō ʻelua malama ma kona ʻāina, ma Central Europe, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka makahiki ma Zambia. Aia kona ala iā ʻAmelika Hikina ma waena o ka Hikina Hikina, nā Penia Kūlana, ke Kaiʻula. A no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea kaua i ko lākou huakaʻi o 8 tausani mau mile i ka wā ʻōpio loa, ʻike maopopo ʻia lākou i ka pae ʻāina i kā lākou wahi kama'āina a mai hele a lele ʻole, a lele mai kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki a me nā mau lāʻau like.
Eia kekahi, i nā wā lele, hoʻomanaʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo i nā manu e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kani ʻana o nā manu he nui a lākou e hālāwai ai ma ke ala. Hiki iā Warbler ke hoʻohālike i nā leo o nā manu ʻoi aku ma mua o 210 mau manu. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea nānā aku, hiki i kekahi mea kue keʻa no nā minuke 35 i hiki ke hoʻohua i nā leo o 76 mau ʻano ʻano manu like ʻole. No ka hoʻi ʻana mai i nā ʻaoʻao hema i ʻEulopa, e ʻōpiopio kēia mau manu i nā 'ōlelo' ai 'ai no nā lā ʻekolu a ʻehā paha lā, a laila ua hoʻololi wale lākou i kā lākou ʻōlelo. No laila, pinepine ma ka ʻāpana Pākīpika i nā lā mua ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia mau "polyglots" maoli, hiki i kekahi ke lohe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi piha ʻana i ka hīmeni ʻana i nā manu o nā iwi exotic hema.
ʻAno hiki ke aʻo
ʻO ka hānō e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā manu a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me ka hana haʻahaʻa kula, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonui i ka nui o kā lākou ʻano, e hana ana i ka palaka a me ka maʻalahi, kūpono i ka hoʻololi mau i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻili pū ʻia i loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā manu ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ke kumuhana o ka noi ʻana e nā ornithologists. Ua loiloi maikaʻi ʻia. Ke nānā nei i ko lākou mau mākua, aʻo nā manu e loaʻa nā meaʻai. No laila, ua kuʻi kekahi o lākou i nā kinipoki, ka wāwahi, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi i kīloʻi i ka hana o nā ʻēheu, ma kahi o lākou e wehe. Ke hoʻoluhi nei kahi manu ʻōpio i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, ua hoʻohana ʻia i ke ola a pau.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻike aʻo ʻana o nā ʻano manu like ʻole e ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou ʻano ma ka hale kūlohelohe, a ma o nā haʻawina ʻokoʻa ma ke kikowaena.
Hoʻomanaʻo a me ke aʻo ʻana. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tasmania, ola ke ʻ okē. I ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā ia e hīmeni ana, hiki iā ia ke manaʻoʻiʻo e pāʻani nei kekahi mea maoli. E hōʻoluʻolu ʻia kēia huakaʻi, a i ke pio ʻana ke hiki ke aʻo ʻia i nā kani leo.
Pahu ʻia ka ʻānela maikaʻi me kahi mea hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi. He mea kupaianaha ke kono pū me ia i kāna ʻano hīmeni e like me ka mea hoʻokele me ka pani ʻana i nā ʻēheu. Nui nō nā hihia kiʻi hoʻoilo mai ke ola o kēia imitator mākaukau. ʻO kekahi mea aloha manu nui i aʻo i kāna hōkū e ue aku i ka Marseillaise. A i kona hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka manu, ua hōʻike koke ʻo ia i kahi hanana kūʻokoʻa - ʻo ke kāwili nui i ʻōlelo ʻia na ka poʻe starring i hana pū i kēia mele Farani. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole ʻo ka manu i aʻo i ka mele, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia i kona mau hoahānau.
Hōʻike pū ʻia nā ʻike ākea o nā mea mele i nā ʻōpala. ʻO kekahi lāʻau momona kaulana, ʻo Jacquot, ua aʻo a hiki iā ia ke lele aku i nā ʻāpana he nui mai nā operas a me nā operettas. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia a helu ʻo ia i nā mele mele a me ke kaʻina kūpono, a inā i kuhi hewa ʻole ʻo ia, kāpae ʻo ia, me he mea lā ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, a hana mua i kēia mele mele.
ʻO kekahi ʻālio ʻē aʻe, e noho nei ma kahi ʻohana ʻo Moscow, ua ʻākoakoa i loko o kona hoʻomanaʻo a hō aku ʻo ia i nā mele o nā mele penei, ʻo ka hoʻohālike, "No ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana", "No ke aha ʻoe e aloha ai i nā kaikamāhine nani?" A maopopo hoʻi i ke mele a nā keiki a ka puʻu ʻo Gena.
Ka hiki ke kūlike i ka ʻōlelo kanaka. Paradoxically, ʻo ia nā manu he mea nā mākaʻi o ka honua holoholona i loaʻa ka hiki pono ke aʻo e hana hou i ka ʻōlelo kanaka. ʻOiai kā lākou leo leo i ka manawa ʻē i hoʻonohonoho like ʻia ma nā mommals a me nā kānaka. A ʻo nā moʻo humanoid, nona nā leo leo i ko lākou ʻano, i like ʻole, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa mai ia kāua, ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi maopopo i hoʻokahi ʻōlelo.
Nui nā ʻelemaka o ko ka ʻohana manu - nā ʻūlio, nā rooko, nā mea hoʻohālikelike, a me nā ʻōpio - hiki iā lākou ke aʻo pololei i ka ʻōlelo kanaka. Mai ka manawa mau loa, he mea maʻamau ma Rūsia e hoʻomau i ka kamaʻilio ʻana i ke aloha ʻana.
ʻO nā hoahānau pili pili iā lākou, ʻo nā alanui ʻĀina a me Central Āina i loaʻa i ka hiki ke haʻi i nā huaʻōlelo. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio paʻa o nā kahe e ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO nā kūpuna o kēia mau kolana nā manu mai Tajikistan, loaʻa i nā hale holoholona holoholona e nā amateurs e aʻo iā lākou i ka ʻōlelo Lūkia. Loaʻa iā Lanes kēlā mau mana like, akā, e mālama i kēlā manu ʻuwā i loko o ka hale i leʻaleʻa ʻole. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi e kamaʻilio ana a kokoke i ke ala, e hoʻāi ana i ka heluna o nā alanui i like me Moscow.
ʻO nā mea pinepine a me nā kamaʻilio eʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ma waena o lākou ʻo ia ʻo Jaco, a i ʻole ka lāʻau ʻalani hina, ka mea e noho nei i nā nāhele lāʻau o West ma Central Africa. Mahalo i kāna hoʻomanaʻo, aia kāna mau huaʻōlelo e mau haneli mau huaʻōlelo, nui mau ʻōlelo, nā kuʻuna mai nā poʻomanaʻo, a me nā hana mele.
ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻomanaʻo a nā kahu makua i kēia mau mea āpau, akā kope kope pū ʻia hoʻi i ke kani o ka leo. ʻAʻole hoʻopau iki ʻia nā kahe e haʻi nei iā Jaco. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū a hoʻoponopono pono i nā haneli o nā leo ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano like ʻole. Mai ka ʻaina ʻana o ka moa, ka ʻalā o ka pōpoki, ka halekaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻīlio, ka hīmeni ʻana i nā manu nui a me nā ʻōlio, i ke kelepona a me nā kīwī.
Pigeon "leka uila". I ka manawa a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ke kanaka i ka manu, e pili pū ana i ka prosaic - me ke ʻano o ka mea pono. Akā, ma luna o nā mea a pau, lawelawe ʻia nā manu piged. ʻO nā manu o nā pua i koho ʻia e hana i kēia hiki a i ka wā o nā pharaohs i nā heiau kahiko oʻEulopa. I ʻEulopa, XI - XIII mau kenekulia, ʻo ka lāʻau ʻeke i lawe ʻia ʻaʻole i emi iho i kahi papa ʻaina Arab i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka ʻili me ke kōkua o nā kahu hipa i mālama ʻia i ka ʻoihana pili ma waena o nā hale kiʻina a i ʻole ka hoʻokau pono ʻana.
No ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā manu? He maʻalahi ka pane: ua hāmama maikaʻi lākou, e hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi, e hoʻopili ʻia ana i nā pūnaewele me nā wahi hoʻokipa maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā mea i kākau ʻia i nā mea i kākau ʻia e ka mea hoʻomalu i kāhea ʻia - nā pigeongrams. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i nā manu "postmen" i lawe ʻia no ka pahuhopu koa ma Egypt, ʻĀina kahiko, a i loko o ke Aupuni Roma.
ʻO nā mea manu he nui "lawelawe i ka pūʻali koa" i ka wā ma hope. No laila, i nā makahiki o ke kaua o Franco-Prussian (1870 - 1871), ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea halihali halihali i hoʻokahi miliona mau leka. Pelions mai Paleka i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka poʻe Geremanʻi me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pū me nā mea puhi ahi a me ke ahi pū kekahi, a i kekahi manawa ua hōʻemi ʻia i kā lākou mau kukuna i hōʻeha ʻia a emi wale ka ʻike. Ke hoʻokuʻi nei i nā mea i ulana ʻia, ua hoʻolei nā poʻe Keleman i nā pihi i mua o ka pā, a ua hoʻomaka ka make ʻana i nā manu. Akā ʻoiai ka Pelekane i hoʻopau mua i ka pilikia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā manu i lawe ʻia i kahi mea ʻoi ʻia kahi mea kaua - ua hoʻomaka nā pūliki liʻiliʻi e pili pū me kā lākou huelo. Ua hopohopo nā Falcons e hoʻouka i nā manu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma Lūkia, i ka Kaua Honua Mua, lawe nā pigeons i ka leka ma nā wahi āpau. Ua aʻo ʻia nā manu pige kula i nā mākau pono e ʻike ai a hana pū ʻia i loko o kahi kahu hānai, aia ma Ostankino, he kauhale ia mau makahiki.
ʻOiai i ka wā nui o ka Kaua Patriotic War, ʻoiai me ka maikaʻi o ke ala loea e kamaʻilio ai, nui nā pūʻali koa i hoʻouna ʻia ma nā ʻēheu manu. No laila, i ka makahiki 1942, ua poino nā Nazis i kahi kolepa Pelekane me nā kumu hohonu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke haehae iā ia iho mai ka honua a e make paha inā ʻaʻole ia i mālama i ke kapa hulu manu - he manu nunu a me ka manu nūnū. Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia lākou i ka pahu i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi paiki torpedo. ʻO ka manu nunu, maopopo, ua hoʻopili ʻia e ka nalu ʻino, akā paʻa ka manu manu hou i ke kumu. Mahalo i ka bluegram, ua hoʻopakele ʻia ka pūʻulu o ka mokuʻāina, a ua kāʻili ʻia kahi hale koa i ka "postman" hulu.
Ua hoʻohana pū ka pūʻali koa i ka ʻōlelo o ke koʻo o ka manuʻa. Hiki i kona mau maka ke koho mai ke ʻano āpau o ka nānā i ka ʻike pono wale. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona a hoʻohana ʻia nā mea loea e kekahi o nā hui ʻoihana mokulele US. Mahalo i kēia, ua ulu ʻia kahi "maka uila", a i ʻole he hoʻohālike o ke kumu o ka loʻi o ka maka manu (145 photosensitive photoreceptors a me 386 "neurons" - nā kuli o ke ʻano loiloi). ʻO kēlā "maka maka" hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kuhikuhi a me ka wikiwiki o kahi mea, kona ʻano a me kona nui. Hiki iā ia, no ka laʻana, ʻike i ka mea kīwī a me nā pelekue me ka ʻole e ʻike i nā mea lele ʻē aʻe.
Kōkua no ka poʻe i hōʻeha a me ka maʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻike maka o ka manu, he nui nā manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kanaka, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ka American Water Rescue Society i kahi papahana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukuna i ʻimi ʻia e ʻimi ai i nā poʻe i nā kai kiʻekiʻe. E lele nā manu i nā helikopter me nā hui hoʻopakele a, ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka hae o ka wai (he hōʻailona maʻamau no ke kōkua), e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona no ka ʻāina.
A hoʻohana ʻia nā pigeons no nā kumu therapeutic. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā haukapila, ma waena o kēia mau wahi e moe ai me nā poʻe moe, e hele a lele kēia mau manu nani. Kūkulu ʻia kahi dovecote kokoke i kahi nui. ʻO nā mea maʻi, ka nānā mau ʻana i nā manu kūpono a me ke olakino olakino, e kūkākūkā i ko lākou mau ʻano o ke ʻano. Ka hui āpau - nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ea maʻemaʻe, nā lūlū a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo o nā mea maʻi a me nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā mea maʻi i nā mea weliweli a me nā hōʻailona kupaianaha i ka honua ola e kōkua nei i ko lākou ola hou ʻana.
Ka hana a ka kaohi. ʻO kekahi o nā noi hoihoi o ka hiki ʻana o ka manu manu e mālama i ka manaʻo o ke kiʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau manu i ka kaohi o nā huahana hope. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia e nā zoopsychologists, ʻoiai nā manu ʻōpio, ʻoi mua ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hana o kēia mea, ʻo ka lua, he mau māla maikaʻi loa lākou, ʻo ke kolu, ʻaʻole lākou i kaumaha ʻia e ka hana monotonous a hana ikaika a hoʻoikaika.
Ka haku ʻia nā manu i ka hana paʻakikī o kekahi kaohi i nā lā 3-4. ʻO kahi lua me kahi manu, aia ma lalo o ia mau mea ʻelua i kau ʻia ai, ua waiho kokoke i ka conveyor me nā lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. I ka neʻe ʻana o kahi pahu pani paʻa ʻia, ʻā ʻo nā pigeons i hoʻokahi pā, a inā me ka male - kekahi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā manu i mea e ʻike pono ai i nā mana. Hoʻomaka ʻana i nā ipu no ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole i poina lākou i kahi pahu i paʻa ʻole ʻia. Loaʻa i nā Pigeons nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ke kanaka.
Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka poʻe hoʻomalu Pigeon me kā lākou mau ʻike i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pōpō no ka lawe ʻana ma ka halihali o kahi hale kūʻai o Moscow. Ma hope o nā papa pōkole pōkole, hoʻomanaʻo lākou i ke kiʻi o ka māhele ʻāpana a me kā lākou mau hana: i ka manawa e neʻe ai ka mahele i ke kākāla conveyor o ka kūpono kūpono, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie, akā inā he ʻāpana, ua kuhi ʻoe i ka lever. E hoohiolo ʻia ka mīkini i kēia ʻāpana mai ke kaomi, a i mua o ke kui, e wehe ai kahi mea hānai no kekahi manawa.
I ka lā mua, hana maikaʻi nā pigeons, a ma ke lā aʻe ua hoʻomaka lākou e hōʻole i nā pōpō āpau i ka lālani. Ka mea i hoʻololi koke i nā manu i "hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau akamai" - hoʻomaka e hoʻouna i nā pōpō me nā manamana lima i ka male. I mea e ʻohi ai i nā manu i ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou, pono lākou e holoi i nā pōpō ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana ia mau mea i ka poʻe hulu manu.
Hiki i nā Pigeons ke ʻike wale i nā pale maikaʻi loa o ka ʻona o nā ʻāpana poloki, akā, ʻo nā palupalu liʻiliʻi wale nō i loko o ke aniani.
ʻIke ʻia i nā mana kupaianaha o nā pigeons a me nā ʻelele o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi ka ʻike ma mua o ke ʻano o nā kukuna manuʻa ma mua o ke kanaka. Hoʻonohonoho ka Pigeons i nā aniani o nā kala nani, pakele i nā maka o nā mea akamai kiʻi kālaihana kiʻekiʻe e ʻoka ana i nā meaʻalani.
Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e nā mea hana kiʻi. Ua hana kekahi mau hoʻokolohua Japanese i kekahi hoʻokolohua kūpono, aʻo ia i nā manu piʻāina e hoʻokaʻawale i nā canvases impressionist mai nā canvases cubist. He loea huluhulu, maʻamau ʻia i "ʻike" i kekahi kula hoʻolālā, "pecked" wale nō nā kiʻi e pili ana iā ia. Ke hōʻike nei i nā manu manu i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i nā hana a Monet a me Picasso, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka hewa i ka 10%, ʻoiai inā i hōʻike ʻia ka manu i nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia. I ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka poʻe hoʻokūkū i nā pigeons i ka hana a Cezanne lāua ʻo Renoir, hāʻawi maʻalahi ʻia nā "loea" i kēlā me kēia ma keʻano like me Monet. ʻO nā kiʻi pena ka impressionist mai nā hana a nā cubists e like me Georges Braque, no ka laʻana, kahi hiʻona manuahi me ka ʻole o ka hana i ʻike ʻia.
Wahi a kekahi mea loea ma ke ʻano he loea, ua aʻo ʻia nā manu ʻōpio e hoʻomaopopo i nā hōʻailona maʻalahi loa i loaʻa i kēia mau kula - ka hele ʻana a i ʻole ka lau o nā kihi ʻili a i ʻole nā kikoʻī ʻulaʻula maoli i loko o nā kiʻi. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻike ʻia ka impressionism i ka blurry contours a me nā kala pastel, pono e hopu i ka maka o ka manu.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻonohonoho nā ʻepekema i kahi hoʻokolohua e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka poʻe pigeons he mau loea. Ua hoʻomaopopo nā manu i ke ʻano i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai lākou me "smeared" kūikawā a i hana hou ʻia i loko o nā ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā manu, e like me mākou ke kanaka, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana hoʻokahi, akā i kahi āpau āpau o nā hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e ʻike ai ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka hana hana pilikino
Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā holoholona he nui i loko o kahi hiki ʻole i ke ʻano he "neʻe i ka manaʻo kūlike", e hōʻike ana i ka mea a ka holoholona e hana ai. ʻAe lākou i kahi kanaka a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e wānana i ka ʻano o ka holoholona i mua. ʻO ia hoʻi, wānana maoli nā holoholona i kā lākou hana e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano.
I kekahi mau manu, kekahi o nā ʻano hana kaila like ʻole e pili ana i ka manaʻo he manu manawaleʻa wale - he hōʻike no ka hōʻino hewa i ke kino. Inā ʻaʻa kekahi wīwī wahine i kahi wahine e noho ana ma kāna hua, a laila hiki iā ia e waiho i ka pūnana, akā ma ka manawa like ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e hōʻike. E līlī ʻo ia, e huki i kahi ʻē i ʻoki ʻia, ke pale aku i ka ʻenemi mai kahi ʻē. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka manu ke kuhikuhi loiloi i ke ʻano o kēia manawa a i kēlā me kēia hihia ke hana mailo. A eia wale nō ka lawe ʻana o ka wahine i ka mea i kahi mamao i kahi mamao loa mai ka hano, ʻo ia ʻo ia "ʻike" a lele loa a hoʻi i ka ʻōpū i kahi ala pōʻai. A hana ʻia e ka pīhoihoi, i kekahi manawa ke hoʻokoe nei ka hoopoe i kahi ʻano mane hoʻopunipuni: e hoʻomoe ana ma luna o ka ʻāina, e hohola ana i kona mau ʻēheu ʻaʻole i neʻe. No laila ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia e like me ka pū o ka motley ma mua o kahi manu ola, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻo ia i ke hele ʻole.
Kahi nā hana ʻano like ʻole o ka manu e alakaʻi ʻia e ka papahana genetic o ke ola mālama ola i loko ona. Akā i ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika, pono e hoʻoholo pono ka holoholona i ka pae o ka weliweli a laila hoʻohana pono i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mea e pale ai.
Mālama kekahi ʻāpana e nā mea ʻimi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona poʻo, e ʻeha nei i nā manawa he nui, e make ana. Akā i ka manawa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai mai kona lima aku, hāakaʻa koke ka maka o ka manu, lele koke ʻo ia i ia manawa, a ʻo ka mea lawaiʻa e hoʻokūlū iā ia me ka haʻalulu, lawe aku a nalo aku ma hope o nā kumulāʻau.
Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe he nui wale ke hāʻawi i ka wā e hana ai nā manu i nā manawa pōpilikia ʻaʻole wale ia i ka makaʻala, akā noʻonoʻo a kūpono hoʻi.
A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānakaʻepekema e lanakila nā hana instinctive i nā manu, a hiki ke aʻo ʻia, a ʻoi aʻe hoʻi i manaʻo ai, he palena.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano hōʻike like ʻole e hana i ka hana ʻano maikaʻi ʻana o nā holoholona no nā hoʻokolohua ma luna o nā mō'ī. A eia wale nō, a hope loa, pau ka manaʻo o nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā hiki o nā manu, ua haki ke ʻano hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā manu. Hāpai kēia mau ho'āʻo i kēlā mau pilikia pilikia a lākou e hālāwai nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ko lākou noho.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o nā manu i hiki i ka hana hoʻolālā kō ke kula, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā kānāwai he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea a me nā mea kūlohelohe. ʻO ia ke kumu i ka manawa like, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻole, hiki iā ia ke "hoʻololi" i kā lākou ʻano i nā kūlana hou no lākou.
"Hana" ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana e nā holoholona o nā mea kōkua, ka mea e lilo i hana hoʻomau o kekahi hapa o kona kino, i kapa ʻia he hana pū.
ʻO kēia hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea e hoʻokō ai i kekahi mau pahuhopu i hāʻawi ʻia me kekahi mau holoholona, ʻano hui pū nā ʻano o nā ʻano manu like ʻole. No laila, ʻo nā mea nāwaliwali, ʻaʻole wale iā lākou, e hāpai i nā mollusks i ka lewa a uhaʻi i kā lākou mau ʻoki i nā pōhaku. A i ʻole hiki lākou i lalo i nā iwi i mea e wāwahi iā lākou ai a ʻai i ka ʻōpala iwi.
Nui ka lawaiʻa a me ka ʻōpio makemake e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo turet. E wāwahi i kona pale, hopu nā manu i ka holoholona maikaʻi me kāna mau wāwae, e piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe nui me ia, a laila e hoʻolei i ka mea i pio.
ʻO ke mele mele kahi e hoʻolei nei i kahi puaʻa ma luna o ka pōhaku, me he mea lā ma luna o kahi anvil. ʻO Looney o kekahi o nā ʻano, inā hiki ʻole ke uhai i ka pūhaka ikaika o nā hua ostrich me kāna kui, e hoʻohana hoʻi i ka pōhaku i kaupaona ʻia 100-300 pākēnē no kēia. Lawe ʻo ia i kāna kakā, hoʻomā ke lele a ka ʻawena, e hāpai ana i kona poʻo, a ke kīloi i kahi pōhaku ma ka ʻūhā e waiho ana ma kona mau wāwae.
Nui nā manu kahi e hoʻohana ai nā hana pū i ka hana i nā ʻuʻuku, no ka laʻana, no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lau me nā cobwebs. Ua hoʻokō ke ʻano o nā hale pule Australia. Hana lākou i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi mai nā aʻa, a laila kāwili i ka hua ʻakena polū, waiwai i ka ʻōmole me kā lākou wai a ʻāpana i ko lākou mau umauma a me nā paia o ka ahu.
Hiki i nā mea kuʻi keʻa Galapagos ke hoʻohana i nā kīkoi cactus e hopu ai i nā ʻenehana. A ma nā kihi lāʻau ma waena o nā ʻulāʻau ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i nā pīpī a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i kau ʻia ma nā kakalaioa nā nāhelehele - ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ai nā lāʻau.
ʻO Jackdaws mai nā mokupuni o New Caledonia pono lākou i hana holoʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Hoʻonui ʻia kekahi o lākou i ka hopena, ua kuhikuhi kekahi, ʻo ke kolu me nā kaula. A ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia pū āpau no kāna kumu. E mālama pono kā lākou manu e pili ana i nā nest.
Aka, kūpono anei kēia mau hana a pau, kūpono, a i ʻole i ka hopena i ka hanana kūlike wale nō?
Ma ke ʻano o nā manu o kekahi mau ʻano like i ke ʻano like ʻole i ka wā ʻōpio, kahi kaawale ʻia mai nā ʻohana, a laila, he ʻano ʻōpiopio lākou i nā ʻano puʻupuʻu like ʻole. ʻO ia ia, aia kahi papahana hoʻoilina e kuhikuhi i kā lākou hana i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pono pono.
Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻano manu, ʻaʻole i palena ʻia ka hana pū i ka hōʻike wale ʻana o nā ʻano leʻina. Ua makemake nui nā ʻepekema i nā ʻike mai ke ola o nā manu hani, nā mea nona nā luna i hoʻohana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā kūlana kūlike ʻole.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei no ka mea kaua i akamai i ke ʻano o nā mea mālama polū.
Holoi ka hana hana ʻana me ka ʻai ʻole no kekahi manawa. Ke waiho ʻia nā meaʻai ma mua o ka hale o nā kahu, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i hana i mea ponoʻī nona e hiki ai i kēia ʻai. Huli wale ka manu i nā ʻāpana pepa mai ka nūpepa e waiho ana i loko o ka lua, a hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou me nā ʻūhā me kona kuʻuna, ka wēwī me ka hapā. Ke hana nei i ka pepa "lāʻau" i kēia ala, kuʻoki ʻo Jay iā lākou ma o nā kaola a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana e waiho kokoke ana i ka pā.
Aia a he nui nā mea e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana i nā manu hihiu ʻaʻole wale nō e hoʻohana i nā mea ma ke ʻano ma ke ʻano he kuhihewa ʻole, akā, i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻohālike.
ʻO keʻano maʻamau
I ka hoʻokūkū leo emit mele a nā leo leo leo, ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mea i kau i ke modulasi, ka lōʻihi a me ke ʻano o nā leo. Nā mele a i ʻole mele ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a paʻakikī i kahi pili me ka lawaiʻa a me ke ʻano teritorial, ʻoiai nā leo leo leo a i ʻole noi hoʻokō i nā hana o ka mālama a e mālama pū i ka ʻohana.
Kūkulu ʻia ke mele i nā manu o ke kauoha Passeriformes, ʻoiai ke mele mele mele a nā poʻe subgroup. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mele ka ʻona o nā kāne, ʻaʻole nā wahine, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau. Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia ka oli ʻana i ka wā e noho ai ka manu ma luna o kekahi substrate, ʻoiai ua hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hoʻopuka iā ia i ka wā o ka lele. Noho liʻiliʻi kekahi mau pūʻulu manu, hana lākou i nā kani kani wale nō, no ka laʻana, he ʻōpala, ua pihi wale lākou i kā lākou beaks. Ma kekahi manakins (Pіprіdae), ua hoʻomohala nā kāne i kekahi mau mīkini no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēlā mau kani, me ka hua ʻana o nā manamana.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana ma o ke ʻano uila, ʻae ʻia i ka syrinx mele mele (e like me ka wehewehe ʻana iā Charles Darwin) a kani kani a, i nā hana a nā mea kākau kahiko, sonation . ^ E Ha yM. Term sonation ʻo ke ʻano he hana ia o ka hana ʻana i nā leo ʻole nā leo i haku ʻia me kahi kumu kikoʻī, a he mau hōʻailona uila e hana ʻia e nā ʻano leo ʻole like me ka beak, nā ʻēheu, nā hiku a me nā hulu.
Noho kikowaena
He kani mele ka leo manu. ʻO kēia ka iwi o ka iwi ma kahi o ka bifurcation o ka trachea. ʻAʻole like nā momi, ʻaʻole manu nā manu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kani ma muli o nā hiʻona o nā membran tympanic (nā paia o ka syrinx) a me ka tragus, i hōʻea ʻia e ka lewa ma o ka syrinx. Hiki i nā musuli kūikawā ke hoʻololi i ke kani ʻana o nā membrane a me ke aniani o ka lumen o ka bronchi, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hoʻololi i ke kani i hana ʻia.
ʻO Syrinx a i kekahi manawa nā ea o ka ea e hoʻopuni ana iā ia e pane ana i nā hiʻi ʻana i hana ʻia ai e nā membranes, e lele ai ka ea i ka wā e hanu ai. Mālama ka manu i ka pinepine o ka leo ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kani ʻana o nā membrane. No laila ke kaohi o ka manu i ʻelua a me ka leo, e hoʻololi ana i ka wikiwiki o ka exhalation. Hiki i nā manu ke mālama kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka trachea, no laila aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau ʻelua i nā nui ʻelua ma ka manawa like.
Pūnaewele
ʻĀnō ʻia ʻo ia i kēlā mele ua ulu nui nā manu ma muli o ke koho kūʻokoʻa i ka hana o ke ʻano moeʻuhane, i loko o ke ʻano hoʻowahāwahā a me ka hoihoi o nā wahine e nā kāne. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo kekahi hana nui o ke mele ʻana ka koho ʻana o ke kuʻina. Wahi a nā hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka vocalization kahi hōʻailona o ka hoʻololiʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, e like me nā hoʻokolohua, hiki i nā lolo a me nā maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka ʻike o ka hīmeni ʻana, no laila ʻo ka vocalization kahi hōʻailona kuhikuhi no ke olakino. ʻO ka repertoire o ke mele he ʻano nui no ia o ke olakino, ka hiki i nā kāne ke koho i ka wahine a hoʻolālā i kahi o nā ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano mele like ʻole i ka hana i kekahi manawa manawa a i ʻole nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki e pono ai ke hana i kekahi hana, a wale nō i kēia manawa ke ʻike ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe. I aku ka mea, he kāne no ka nightingale (Luscіnіa megarhynchos) hana i nā mele i manaʻo ʻia e huki wale ai nā wahine i ka pō (ke mele wale nō nā kāne i aloha ʻia)
Nā hōʻailona leo Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia no ka kamaʻilio. Hōʻike ʻia kēlā me ia ʻano ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole, a ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano. Hoʻohana pinepine nā hōʻailona maʻamau e huki i nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka ʻohana. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau leo leo e kahi ākea ākea a me kahi hoʻomaka a me ka welau hoʻi, a ʻo kā lākou hoʻi hou ʻana i, maʻamau i waena o nā ʻano nui, manaʻoʻiʻo ia he mea kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke wahi o ka ʻohana. Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻakaʻelemakule o ka pōʻino, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia iā lākou, ma ke ʻano he nui ke ʻano o ke kani nui, kahi mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o ka manu e hoʻopuka nei i kēlā mau hōʻailona.
Hiki i nā manu ke ʻike ʻokoʻa i nā hōʻailona o ka leo, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike kekahi i kekahi me ka leo. Ma keʻano kūikawā, nui nā manu e pili ana i nā kolana no laila e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mau moa.
Hiki i nā manu he nui ke hāʻawi i ka duet. ʻO kekahi manawa ke hoʻonohonoho like ʻia nā duets like me ke kani leo hoʻokahi. Kahi ʻia kēlā mau hōʻailona me ka antiphonic. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona duet i nā ʻohana manu he nui, me nā pheasant, nā uhi (Malaconotidae), thimelia a me kekahi mau ʻanuʻu a me nā palua. Hoʻoulu pinepine nā mau mele mele ʻāina i kēlā me kēia ma ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana o ka haole o kā lākou wahi, e hōʻike ana i ka hana o kēlā mau hōʻailona i ka hoʻokūkū interspecific.
Hiki i kekahi mau manu ke hoʻopalike maikaʻi i nā hōʻailona leo. I kekahi mau manu, e like me drongovye, ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona hiki ke lawelawe i ka nui o nā holoholona lehulehu.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano lua, e like me guajaro a me nā salangans (genus Kolokalia a Aerodramus), e hoʻohana i nā leo i ka waena ma waena o 2 a 5 kHz no ka echolocation i loko o nā lua pouli. . ^ E Ha yM.
ʻLelo a me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka vocalization
ʻOi loa ka ʻōlelo a nā manu no ke ʻano o nā ʻano a me nā kaʻao. Ua kapa lōʻihi ʻia, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona leo i kekahi ʻano, kahi hoʻohālike kūpono e ka poʻe hoʻolohe. ʻO ka moa ʻōlena home, no ka laʻana, he ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma ke kū ʻana i ke neʻe o ka lewa a me nā mea hoʻoiho lepo, a pane like. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōlelo, i ka ʻokoʻa i nā ʻōlelo kū hoʻokahi, pono e loaʻa kekahi ʻano hana a me nā lula. Ma muli o ka noi ʻana o ia ʻano hana i nā manu ma muli o ka nui o nā wehewehe. Ma kahi noiʻi hoʻokahi, ua hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hōʻike i ka hiki i ka ʻōpala ke hana i nā ʻano hana gramatal, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manaʻo e like me ka huaʻōlelo, ka huaʻōlelo, a me kahi ʻano hana. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike o nā leo kani polu i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana recursive.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a nā manu, nā mea hānai a me nā mea kūlohelohe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā 5 ʻano nui o nā kani: kāhea, mele, hōʻailona hōʻailona, kapa a me ka hoʻā. ʻO nā mea ʻehā he hōʻike i ke ʻano "ʻano" a lawelawe ʻia me ka maluhia a me ka maluhia, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia ai nā mea hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole kahi weliweli ʻē aʻe. I loko o kēlā me kēia māhele, ka manaʻo o nā leo i ke ʻano o ka leo leo, ka neʻe ʻana i ke kino, a me ka pōʻalo.
ʻO ka lohe ʻana i nā manu e hiki ke hele ma mua o ka palena o ka lohe ʻana i nā kānaka, e waiho ana i kekahi mau mea ma lalo o 50 Hz a ma luna o 20 kHz, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 1 a me 5 kHz.
ʻO ka neʻe o ka leo leo e pili ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a ʻoi aku ka lulu. E like me ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā alapine, nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā alapine haʻahaʻa me ka lōʻihi o ke kani a me nā manawa ma waena o lākou he ʻano ʻano o nā wahi me nā mea kanu ākea (kahi e ulu ai nā kinohi a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā kani), aʻo nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, nā laulā ākea, nā loli nui me nā pōkole hōʻailona pōkole ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano. mākaʻi makamae. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻatikala e like me ka wā i mahele ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka nui a me ka manawa ma waena o nā manu like me ko lākou ʻano, ma muli o ia, ke kaupalena ʻia, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o nā hōʻailona leo, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka "acoustic niche". Paʻi nui ʻia nā manu a ma nā alapine ʻoi aku ka nui o nā leo haʻahaʻa.
Kāʻāʻōlelo
He ʻokoʻa kekahi o nā leo o nā manu o nā manu like ʻole. Hiki i kēia mau kāʻala ke kūlike ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka honu a ma muli o ke ʻano genetic, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ka hanana ʻana, akā, ʻike mau ka ʻano o nā mea kū hoʻokahi a ʻo nā ʻano loiloi maikaʻi ʻia. Kuhi maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻokoʻa no ka hīmeni ʻana i ka wā hana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like like nā hopena o kēia hanana, a ʻokoʻa ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana i nā ʻano o nā manu.
ʻO nā wahine i ulu a ma lalo o ka mana o kahi kākahi hoʻokahi ʻaʻole i pane a pane ʻole paha i ka mele ʻana o nā kāne o nā ʻano like like ʻole o ka ʻano o kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole, i hōʻike ʻia, no ka zonotrichia ke poʻo keʻokeʻo.ʻO nā leucophrys Zonotrichia) Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā wīwī e hele mai i nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai i nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole o ka lewa a i ʻole nā kikoʻōlelo ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pane ʻana mai o nā kāne ʻōiwi i ka hīmeni ʻana o nā malihini e ʻike ʻia ana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pane mau ʻana o nā kāne i nā mele i kā lākou mele pono, nāwaliwali i nā ʻelele o kā lākou ʻano like mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i nāwaliwali e mele aku i nā ʻano pili mele, a me nā kāne kāne i kaʻana like aku i nā mele me ko lākou mau hoalauna e mālama pono i ko lākou ʻāina.
Ma ka pilina me ka ulu ʻana o nā kiko, ke noʻonoʻo pinepine nei ka nīnau o ko lākou mana ma ka pili kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻike ma nā haʻawina o Darwin finches. ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻike i kēia pilikia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau
He ʻokoʻa nō ka mele ʻana o nā manu o nā manu like ʻole i kekahi a he ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano. ʻO ia ke mele e pinepine ai i kekahi hiʻohiʻona pale i ka kāwili ʻana o nā ʻano pili e pili pono ana e hana i ka hua ola. I ka noiʻi o kēia wā, hōʻike ʻia nā mele i ka spoustic spectroscopy. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o ka paʻakikī o ka hīmeni ʻana a me ka helu o nā mele i hiki ke hiki i 3,000 i kahi ʻāʻule brown brown; i kekahi mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe like ʻole o kēia ʻano. I loko o nā holoholona he nui, e like me nā mea welo a me ka ʻakaʻaka ʻana i nā mele he mea hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i loko o ke ola o ia manu ma ke ʻano he mimicry a "ʻae pono" (no ka mea i hoʻohana ka manu i nā kani o nā ʻano like ʻole). I ka makahiki 1773, ua loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua ʻana i ka kanu ʻana o nā moa i nā manu ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hemp (Kaila cannabіna Acanthіs) hiki ke aʻo i ke mele lark (Laulā Alauda) Ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka mele nui nā mele like no nā ʻelele o nā ʻano, ua aʻo ʻia e nā manu ʻōpio kekahi o nā kikoʻī o ke mele mai ko lākou mau mākua, aʻo nā ʻano like ʻole, e hana ana i nā "nā kālele".
ʻO ka maʻamau, aʻo nā manu i nā mele i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻomau ana e hōʻiliʻili ma hope, hana i ka hīmeni manu makua. ʻO Zebra amadina, ka mea mele kaulana hou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hīmeni manu, hana i kekahi mele e like me ka pākeke, ma hope o 20 mau lā ma hope o ka hatching. Ma kahi o 35 mau lā, ua aʻo ʻōpio ke keiki i ka hīmeni ʻana a ka pākeke. ʻO nā mele mua loa he "plastic" a i ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia, a pono ka manu i kahi o 2-3 mau mahina e lawe mai i ke mele i kāna ʻano loli maʻamau.
Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nō hoʻi noiʻi ʻo ke aʻo ʻana he ʻano hana ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i nā ʻāpana o ka ganglia basal. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻōniʻoniʻi manu e aʻo i nā ʻōhua aʻo i ka ʻōlelo a ke kanaka. Ma kekahi mau ʻano (no ka hoʻohālike ʻo zebra amadina), pili ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻano "palena ʻia i ka makahiki" a i ʻole "pani ʻia". ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka canary, e hiki ke aʻo i nā mele hou a hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule, ʻano like ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole "wehe" a i ʻole "palena ʻole i ka makahiki."
Ua noi aku nā kānaka noiʻi e aʻo i nā mele ma o ka launa kaiapuni ākea e hiki ai ke kūkulu ʻia i nā kikoʻōlelo interspecific e kōkua i nā manu e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana ʻili like ʻole.
Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa makua no nā manu i nā hoʻokolohua 1954 a William Torpy. Hiki i nā manu ke kūlohelohe mai nā kāne o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī e hiki ke hīmeni, a me kā lākou hīmeni ʻana, ma nā huaʻōlelo laulā, e like me ka like me ka hana like ʻana me nā manu makua, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻano mau mea paʻakikī a ʻokoʻa pinepine nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēlā mau mele e hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahine. Ma kahi o ke mele a nā mākua, he mea nui hoʻi ia i nā moa moa e hoʻolohe i kā lākou hīmeni ʻana i ka wā sensorimotor. Nā manu i nalowale i ka lohe ma muli o ke crystallization o ke mele e hana ana i nā mele e ʻokoʻa i ka hiʻona o kēia ʻano.
Mokuna a me Kekahi
Hiki i nā manu he nui ke hāpai i nā mele ʻaʻole wale no lākou iho o ke ʻano, akā ʻo ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā moa o nā ʻano he nui i hānai ʻia e nā mākua o nā ʻano pili like ʻole i nā mākua hānai, a ma kekahi mau manawa i kuhi ʻia nā wahine o kēia ʻano. Hiki i nā manu ʻē ke hāpai i nā manu i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai e hānai ʻia e nā mākua. Hiki i k hundredia mau haneli haneli a puni ka honua ka mea i like me ia. No ka laʻana, ka inoa Mockingbird (Mākau) hāʻawi ʻia ʻia kēia manu iā ia no kona hiki ke kope i ka leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi iā lākou. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole e hiki ke kope, ʻo ia ka maʻamau maʻamau.ʻO Sturnus vulgarіs), e pili ana i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi i kau ʻia ai kēia manu mai Europa mai, "hoʻāmi ʻia" ʻo ia i kahi ʻhenehene. Ma ʻEulopa a me Pelekane, he mele kaulana ka mea maʻamau i ka mele o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e ʻimi mau nei i nā kani o nā manu e like me ka buzzard maʻamau (Buteo buteo), ʻO Oriolus oriolus, Numenius arquatahina pale (Strіx aluco), nā kīpona a me nā geese. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia mau manu ke hoʻohālike i ka leo o ke pēpē a i ʻole nā kani e hāʻule ai nā pila i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ua like kekahi kīlani i ke pīpī ʻana i ke kime o kahi mea hoʻokele pôpeku, ka mea i kuhi hewa ʻole ai i ka wā o ke pāʻani.
ʻO ka mea e hoʻonā nui ʻia ai a kaulana hoʻi i waena o nā poʻe kani manu e hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo kanaka. Nui nā budgerigars i ulu i ka noho pio ʻana, ka mea nui repertoire i hiki ai i 550 mau huaʻōlelo. ʻO kekahi, ʻo ka pipi ʻo Jaco (Psіttacus erіthacus), Nā pālule Australia e like me ke cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) a me nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hema (Amazona) ʻO Alexander von Humboldt i ka wā noiʻi o ʻAmelika Hema e wehewehe i kēia hihia i ka wā i hoʻokō ai ʻo ia e lohe mai ka ʻōwili i ka "hua ʻōlelo make" no ka ʻohana Atura nalowale. I ʻEulopa, ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka hiki ke hoʻāla i ka leo o kahi kanaka ma waena o kekahi mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana corvidae, e like me ke jackdawKukulu monvula), hoʻolie (Piika i ka pilia) a gagahi (ʻO ka corax Corvus) .
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo kahi kumu kūpono no kēia hoʻokolohua. Anuanu paha lākou i piha i kā lākou mele ponoʻī, akā ʻo nā pono o kēia ʻano mo ka manu ke kumu o ka noiʻi.
Aia kekahi mau hihia kūpono i nā hōʻailona leo ma mua o nā manu. Ia i ka la?Euphonia laniirostris) hoʻopue pinepine i kahi hōʻailona hoʻoweliweli o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ai kahi mea kuhi e waiho i kāna pūnana, ʻoiai e noho maluhia ana. ʻO kēia ʻano ka hiʻohiʻona o nā lālani (ʻO Garrulus glandarіus) a me kaahi i ulana poni (ʻO Cosypha natalensis) I nā hanana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōleʻa e hoʻolale i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, no ka laʻana, he ala ākea hemoNā Micrastur mirandollei) hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālike i ke kāhea no ke kōkua mai i kāna poʻe ʻimi, a laila hopu i nā manu i lele i ka pane ʻana i ka kāhea.
Neurophysiology
ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao o ka lolo i ka kaohi o nā hōʻailona leo:
- Ke ala o ke mele hīmeni ana: nā kikowaena leo kiʻekiʻe (hih leo kikowaena a i ʻole hyperstrіatum ventralіs pars caudalіs, HVC), Arkopillium cores (kalūpū ʻōpala o ke kuahiwi, RA) a me ka ʻāpana o ka nucleus hyoid e hele ana i ka trachea a me ka syrinx (ʻili nā tracheosyrіngeal) ,
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka forebrain, nona ka kuleana no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana: ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka nucleocellular nucleus o ka striatum hou anterior (lateral part of the magnocellular nucleus of anterіor neostrіatum, LMAN, hamia gangal baslia o nā mammals), ʻĀpana X (nā ʻāpana o ka gangalal basal) a me ka hapa o ka dorsal-lateral o ke waena thalamus (DLM).
Ua hōʻike ʻia a hōʻike ʻia
Ua hana nā ʻepekema kanaka i kahi hoʻokolohua ma kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ai lākou i ka moa mai kona mau ʻohana a pau, no laila ʻo ia e ulu nei, ʻaʻole ia i lohe i nā leo i hana ʻia e lākou. I ka ulu ʻana o ka moa, ʻaʻohe like o kona mau kani kani mai nā moa i hana ʻia i kēia manawa i loko o ka heihei moa. Ua hōʻike ka ʻike i nā manu e aʻo e hīmeni (twitter, uē). He iraa i loko o lākou.
Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka hou kekahi mau manu i nā leo o kā lākou ʻohana pili aloha. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i ka mea ʻakaʻaka, no ia i loaʻa ai kona inoa. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe he canary. ʻO ka manawa hoʻokahi i loko o ke kaiāulu o nā mele mele, no ka laʻana, nightingales, loaʻa iā ia nā akamai o kā lākou hīmeni ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole ka waiwai o ka mea kīwila o ke kolo leo leo. ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohālike hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā manu he ʻōkō. A ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke aʻo i ka ʻōlelo a ke kanaka, ka ʻike ʻana i ka leo a me ka manawa, ʻaʻole kahi ʻike i ka mea e ʻōlelo ʻia nei.
Kahi hea nā mana mele like ʻole o nā manu
ʻOi aku ka mea hoʻokani mele ma mua o nā manu, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ke aupuni holoholona. A o ke kumu no ko lākou mau ʻano kīkē kūʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mea maoli "kā lākou mau mea kani" kumu maoli. ʻAʻole kēia he mea hoʻonui: ʻo ka hāmeʻa leo o ka manu, e like me ka mea like kanaka like, e pili ana i "nā mea kani mele". I nā huaʻōlelo hou, kani ke kani i ke kani o ka leo ma muli o ke neʻe ʻana o ka ea mai ka ʻāʻā. ʻO ka lewa i kēia hihia ke alakaʻi i ka oscillation o nā membrane elastic, e hana ana i nā hawewe kani.
ʻO kēia mau membranes i nā kānaka nā kaula leo i loaʻa i ka larynx. Aia no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka leo i haku ʻia, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kani ʻana o nā kaula leo: ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo. ʻO ka ikaika o ka leo, ke hilinaʻi nei ia i ka nui o ka manaʻo i loko o ke kō, a me ke ʻano o ke pani ʻana o nā līlani e pani ʻia: ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi a me ka nui o ka pani ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ikaika.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e poina i kahi mea kani mele wale nō ke lawa ka lawa leo pono: pono ʻoe i ka mea hoʻokau hoʻokahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kēia kani. I loko o nā kāne, ka trachea, ihu a me nā waha waha, a me ka pharynx he mau mea kūleʻa mau.
Nā mea hīmeni ma nā holoholona.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kāmeʻa leo o nā manu ma ke ʻano like o ke ʻano kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hana o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka larynx i nā manu e like me ke kanaka, akā ʻelua i hoʻokahi: ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna, ka mea like me nā mamalia a me ka larynx lalo, ʻaʻole ia no ka maʻamau maʻamau no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā kani, ʻo ka lua, ka lalo o ka larynx, e hana ana i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. He paʻakikī loa ka paʻu o ka larynx haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa nō hoʻi iā ia nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano manu like ʻole. Ma muli o kēia paʻakikī a me nā ʻokoʻa, ʻike mau nā ʻepekema i ka ʻoihana o ka larynx ma lalo. ʻAʻole ia i kahi uila, e like me ka mammals, akā ʻelua a ʻehā paha.
Eia kekahi, hana kūʻokoʻa nā mea uila a pau kekahi i kekahi. Aia kēia ʻano kupaianaha ma kahi o ka mahele o ka trachea, ma laila ke ʻoka nei i ʻelua o bronchi. Mahalo i ia mau mea paʻakikī loa, hiki i ka leo leo leo manu na mea e pono ai ka hana maikaʻi like ʻole.
He mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa manu nā manu a kā lākou mele ponoʻī.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a i ka wā o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hapa haʻahaʻa o kahi trachea i kūkulu ʻia kahi larynx kekona, hāʻawi i kēia mau holoholona i ka manawa e hoʻohana ai iā ia i kekona, a he mana nui loa ia. A ma kahi helu nui o nā manu, ulu nui ka trachea, e hoʻonui ana i ka lua a me ka lōʻihi. E ulu a ulu aʻe kekahi. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia a i kēlā mau neʻe o ke kino a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o nā ʻanui kūikawā, hiki i ka manu ke hoʻololi ikaika i ke ʻano o kēia ʻōnaehana paʻakikī loa o nā resonator a no laila e kaohi i ka membrane a me ka maikaʻi o ka leo o kona leo.
Lohe i nā manu e mele ana
A ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea kani, ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i ka hana o ka larynx o luna, e hana ana me kahi pahu hoʻokipa kūpono ma ke ala o ke kahe o ke kani. Hana ʻia ka larynx kiʻekiʻe me ka larynx haʻahaʻa ma kahi kaiāulu reflex.
Mahalo i ke ʻano kupaianaha o ke apana leo mele, nā manu hiki ke hana i nā leo melodic.
ʻO ka larynx a me nā resonators (nā leo a ka leo o ka manu) i mea mahalo nui i ka nui e pili ana i ke kino. He kūpono kēia no nā manu liʻiliʻi. No kēia kumu, aneane ua pili ke ola āpau i ke kaʻina hana o nā manu.
Hōʻike ʻia ka paʻakikī o ke kino o ka manu i ke mele e hīmeni nui ana a haʻalulu maoli ke kino.
E wīwī ana ka ʻūhā liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻēheu i ka paʻi ʻana o ke oli, wehe ʻia ka beiki liʻiliʻi, ka ulu ʻana o ka wahi ākea no nā leo e hoʻopalulu ana i ka umauma o ka manu, a hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻāʻī. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia kēia hihia i ke kaumaha kino wale nō. E hopu ana ka hīmeni ʻana i ka manu ma kona piha a me ke ʻano.
I nā makahiki he 60 o nā kenekulia 20, ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi ma nā leo o nā manu ultrasonic e hiki ke ʻike. Kēia mau hopena ua loaʻa i nā mele o nā greenfinchs, nā ʻulaʻula, nā zaryanok a me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaʻi piha ʻo hīmeni i ka manu a me ka piha, ke kino a me ka ʻuhane.
Ke lilo nei i mau mea mele mele maoli, ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia nā manu ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi leo wale nō no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā leo. No kēia kumuhana, pili lākou i kā lākou ʻike. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pale, wāwae, beak a me nā ʻili hoʻi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ka mea puka lāʻau, i ʻike ʻia e nā mea a pau me ka mea ʻoi aku kahi polū. ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kāna puna wai hoʻokele mele, hoʻohana ʻo ia no lākou ʻaʻole wale ka beak, akā i nā mea like ʻole āna e hoʻohana ai ma ke ʻālina. Nui ka laulā o ia mau mea - mai ka lāʻau maloʻo a hiki i nā ʻāpana o ka hao a me nā kēke hao ʻole.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka beak e like me kahi mea hana o nā serenades aloha e hoʻohana ʻia e ka pua ʻōpala. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaaka beak ua hoʻololi ke kamaʻilio leo leo me nā kumu. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka kamaʻilio he pālahalaha ʻia ma waena o nā manu like ʻole, e like me nā ʻai ʻula a me nā ʻaeto. ʻO kēia mau hoʻopiha wale wale nō ke hoʻopane ʻia nei he hōʻailona hoʻoweliweli.
Nā mele like ʻole a nā mele a me nā hiwahiwa kūlohelohe o ka manu manu.
ʻO ka mahalo nui ʻia ka inoa ʻo "huluhulu hīmeni", hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka holo ʻana i ka lele ma snipe. Me kēia hīmeni ʻana, hua ʻia ke kani ma muli o ka lūlū ʻana o nā hulu hoʻokele mai kēia au o ka ea i kēia manawa. ʻO ke kani e kū nei i kēia hihia ka mea like loa i ke kaʻe ʻana o ke keiki hipa. Ma muli o kēia like, ʻike ʻia ka snipe i waena o nā kānaka "keiki hipa lāʻau." Nui nā manu e kani kani i nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopili kekahi o kēia, no ka laʻana, capercaillie a me kahi kaliki ʻoi, kahi, i ka wā o ka moe ʻana, pono ke ʻano me he slam.
Akā naʻe, ʻo kēia mau ʻano like ʻole o ka hana kani ʻana, ʻoiai naʻe he mea hoihoi, akā ʻo ka lua, a ʻo ka larynx haʻahaʻa ke kumu nui o ke kani ʻana i nā manu. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonā i ka hoʻonāukiuki a nā manu ʻālala leo. No ka hōʻoia i kēia, e hoʻomanaʻo wale i ka nightingales a me nā canaries me kā lākou mau mele maikaʻi loa, a me nā pono kikoʻī kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻōkole a me kekahi mau manu ʻē aʻe.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He mele kaulana ʻo Blackbird (Turdus merula) a ʻaʻole i kapa ʻia kekahi keiki maoli o kahi hua mele. Ua keʻa ʻia kēia manu kūlohelohe e pili pono i kahi kanaka, a i kēia manawa hiki ke lohe ʻia kāna mele melancholy i loko o nā kūlanakauhale. Ma kahi o kahi mele nani, hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o kahi pahu e nā hōʻailona i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā hoahānau: "Dachshund-Dachshund", "Gix-Gyx". Kiʻi mea kākau
ʻO ka poʻe hoʻi mamao loa mai ka ornithology hōʻike i ka makemake i nā piʻu, no ka mea, ua akamai kēia mau manu, ʻike lākou pehea e "ʻōlelo" ai a he hiʻohiʻona hoʻonaninani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu "kamaʻilio" i ke ʻano, a ʻo nā mea he nui ke hōʻike nei i nā taleni mele wale nō, akā nō hoʻi i ka naʻauao.
ʻO kekahi o kaʻu mau mea ʻike, he mea noiʻi, e noho ana i loko o kahi haleʻaina ma nā kapa o ka Mekong. I ko lākou huli ʻana iā ia: "Pehea ʻoe?", Huli aʻela ia, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike i kekahi, koe wale nō nā manu ʻelua ʻehā ma kahi lua. Ua hoʻomau nā manu i ka kamaʻilio ʻana:
- E ka pēpē aloha, makemake ʻoe makemake i ka maiʻa me ka laiki?
- Makemake au. . ^ E Ha yM.
"Akā, ʻo wai ka mea e hāʻawi iā lākou?"
- Eh ...
ʻO ka mea noiʻi, ma kahi poho, hoʻokokoke aku i ka luae - e kamaʻilio nā ʻōpio i nā mea e hilahila ʻole iā ia, akā ʻo nā manu ʻeleʻele ka nui o nā thrushes ?!
ʻAʻole kēia ʻo ka manawa mua nā mākaʻi o ka ʻohana starling (Sturnidae), a i ʻole nā leʻaleʻa paia (Gracula religiosa) a hoʻoweliweli a makaʻu ʻia e nā huakaʻi. ʻIke wau i nā kahu me kēia mau manu ma nā alanui o Kina a me Vietnam, a inā i ʻike nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi āpau he manu nui e manaʻo ʻo "Aloha ʻia" a, no laila, e haʻalulu lākou i kēlā ʻano nui. ʻO kā mākou mea maʻamau a (Sturnus vulgaris) he kope maikaʻi loa - e kau pū ana i ke kani o nā kelepona kelepona, ke mele ʻana o ka Orioles, ka pū o ke kaula, a me nā mea e hana ʻia e nā lima.
Inā ʻōlelo ʻia ka hapanui o nā huaʻō i nā leo "cartoonish", "ʻai" i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo, a mahalo wale ʻia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aloha ʻo Amazons lāua ʻo Jacques i nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi, a laila ua pololei pololei a wīwī paha i ka ʻōlelo kanaka. Ke hōʻoia i kēia, ʻaʻole pono e hele i ʻAsia a i ʻole i nā manu i ka home - no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i loko o ka Sparrow Bird Park, kahi e kokoke ana i ka alaloa. Aia kekahi ala ma ke keʻena e ʻōlelo ana "aloha!" I nā malihini a "Aloha Hau!" hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e hoʻomaka ai nā poʻe e nānā i nā maka o ka wahine kāne i hoʻokumu ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala, ʻoi aʻe ka "kamaʻilio" a noho i loko o ka paka, nā cages me ka mea e hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kūʻokoʻa, Talking Birds.
Nīnau ʻo "is"?ʻO ka hiki i nā manu ke onomatopoeia hilinaʻi i nā kumu he nui - no ka laʻana, ka mana o ka larynx a me ka leʻaleʻa e kamaʻilio maikaʻi. E ʻōlelo, nā lepe, e like me nā mele mele he nui ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana ʻia e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi ma o nā leo ʻē aʻe. He paʻakikī ke kiaʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia i loko o ka ululāʻau makulupulu, a ʻo ka "kelepona ʻōwele" e ʻae pinepine ai i nā manu. Ma mua o ka hapalua o nā manu ola e pili ana i ka passerine mele a like me nā mele (Passeriformes L.). ʻO kā lākou larynx a me nā leo leo leo paʻakikī loa i ke kūkulu ʻana, no laila he mea kānalua ʻole ka hiki ʻana i nā mākaʻi "maikaʻi" a me ke kani mele melodiously. ʻO nā wai, nā pōlio, nā remix a me nā (Menura superba), nani a ʻaʻohe mau mele, hiki ke hilahila - ʻo lākou ka "kō", a laila wai me ka pō, a laila "meow". No ke aha e "hoʻohālike" nā manu i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe? Ua lōʻihi kēia nīnau i ka poʻe ʻepekema, akā ʻaʻohe pane i laila. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e kōkua mau i nā mele paʻakikī e hōʻole i ka poʻe hoʻokūkū a hoʻoikaika i ka pale o ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahine. Inā ʻaʻole pili ka manu i ka hui o nā mea hoʻowahāwahā, a laila maʻemaʻe ke kāne a "kūpono" e hoʻokani mele. Wahi a nā noiʻi o ka poʻe biologist ʻO Kanalike ʻo Scott McDougall-Shackleton (Scott) a me nā mea haʻawina ʻAmelika ʻo Stephen Nowitzki, ʻo Susan Peteres lāua ʻo Jeffrey Podos (Stephen Nowicki, ʻo Susan Peters, ʻo Jeffrey Podos), ʻo nā kāne nā mea ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke ʻai pono i ka wā kamaliʻi, ʻaʻole mele maikaʻi loa lākou, a me kā lākou repertoire ua ilihune. ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ke mele o ka "hilyachka", ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka wahine iā ia i ke kāne i ulu i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa - mai iā ia ka ikaika e kū aʻe. Ma ke ala, nui nō hoʻi nā manu e hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka hīmeni ʻana "pololei" - ma laila ke ola nei nā ʻakaʻaka ʻo nā kāne makua a kūpono hoʻi kā lākou lipine puʻupuʻu. Nui nā ʻili a nā leo i hana ʻia e kēia mau manu - ʻo ia nā mea e kāhea aku ai nā mākaʻi, a me nā mea palekana, a (ʻo ka lōkuhi ke ʻano!), A, a me ke mele a nā ʻōpio. No laila, i ke kauwela hiki ʻoe ke lohe i ka "ʻōhumu" maikaʻi ʻana i ka mākeke, a inā ʻoe nānā i loko o ka lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ke kani - he hulu robin (ʻo ia ʻo Erithaucus rebecula), e ʻono i ka leo.
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