He kuahiwi kuahiwi ke anā o nā ʻōlima; ua ʻoka like ʻia ka ua ma luna o nā ʻāina wale nō, akā i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻO ke Komohana ʻo Siberian Plain he ʻāina me ka ikaika o ka huluhulu ikaika; ma ke ʻano meridional, ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kona waiwai ma mua o ka Plain Russian. ʻO ke aniani o nā kuahiwi o Western Siberia ka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina ʻo West Siberian Plain. He mea kupaianaha nō ia, ma loko o ka ʻaoʻao like, ma nā pāpū o nā Urals a me Trans-Urals, ʻokoʻa nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ma ka hōʻoia ʻana e lilo nā mauna Ural i ʻano ʻano palaka. Ua hāʻule ka ua i luna ma ka komohana o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke anuanu, akā i ka hikina, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma waho o nā Urals, he nui ka ua, ua maloʻo ke kulu, me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina.
He ʻokoʻa kēia ka hiʻohiʻona o nā Urals. Pahu ʻia nā mauna no 2000 km ma ke kaʻina meridional, a i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā Urals aia i ka ʻArikika a loaʻa iā lākou ka lā o ka lā o ka radiation ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā Urals, aia ma ka hema he 55 degere ka lōʻihi ma ka latitude.
A awelika malama o Ianuari ma S. Ural: -20 ... -22 degere,
ʻO ka palena nui ma Ianuali o nā Urals: -16 degere,
ʻO ke kau wela ma Iulai C. Ural: +8 degere,
ʻO ka mika nui o Ianuali ma Urals: +20 degere.
He ʻano mauna kekahi o ke aniani o nā Urals, ʻaʻole i mahele ʻia ka ua i nā ʻāina wale nō, akā i loko nō hoʻi o kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻO ke Komohana ʻo Siberian Plain he ʻāina me ka ikaika o ka huluhulu ikaika; ma ke ʻano meridional, ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kona waiwai ma mua o ka Plain Russian. ʻO ke aniani o nā kuahiwi o Western Siberia ka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina ʻo West Siberian Plain. Ke kū nei nā mauna Ural ma ke ala o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nui o ka lewa o Atlantik. Loaʻa pinepine nā lihi o ke komohana i nā ʻōloʻi a ʻoi aʻe ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka awelika, loaʻa iā ia i ka 100 mm o ka ua ma mua o ka hikina.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke aniani o nā Urals e kona wahi i waena o nā papu o Eurasia, ke kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi a me ka laulā o nā mauna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā Urals mai North a South i nā kumu i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka pō. T.E. ka ma waena o ka ʻĀkau a me ke kūkulu hema. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike hōʻike hōʻike iā ia iho i ke kauwela. ʻO ka mahana wela ma ka ʻākau he + 80C, ma ka hema + 220C. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoulu ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma ka hema - 160С, ma ke ʻākau - 200С. Hoʻonui ka ʻōhū makana mai ka Akau-Komohana a hiki i ka hema-East.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana o 700mm. Ma ka hikina 400mm. No ke aha mai? Loa e ka moana kahi. (ʻAmelika).
Hui ka nā kahawai komohana i nā pōkole mai ka ʻAmelika a ʻoi aku ka hou. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua mai ka Arctic, a me ka nui o ka nui o ka ea ma Central Asia.
E pili ana ka hopena o ka huki i ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi kime o nā Urals mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema. Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa kūlike o ke anuanu, e ʻokoʻa ʻē ka ʻano o nā Urals.
Nā hiʻona hiʻona
ʻO nā mauna Ural e pili ana i nā pae haʻahaʻa a me nā massif. ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa iā lākou, e piʻi ana ma luna o 1200-1500 m, aia i nā Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1875 m), ʻĀkau (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) a me Southern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. He haʻahaʻa loa nā Massifs o nā Urals Middle, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 600-800 m. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ke komohana a me ka hikina o nā Urals a me nā pāpū kahawai i hōʻoki ʻia e nā awāwa wai hohonu; nui nā muliwai ma nā Urals a me nā Urals. Aia kekahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi, akā eia nā kumu kumu o Pechora a me nā Urals. Ma nā muliwai ua hana i nā wai haneli a me nā hale kō. He kahiko nā mauna Ural (kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Late Proterozoic) a loaʻa i kahi o Hercynian lipl.
Fauna
Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau āu e hiki ai i ke kamaʻilio i ka poʻe noho o nā tundra - reindeer, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā poʻe maʻamau o nā anuu - nā poʻe gophers, nā wailua, nā wīwī, nā nahe a me nā kīwī. Noho ʻia nā ululāʻau e nā mea wānana: nā ʻili enaena, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā alopeke, nā ʻāpana, nā ermines, nā lynx. ʻO nā Ungulates (moose, deer, roe deer, etc.) a me nā manu o nā ʻano like ʻole i loaʻa i loko o lākou. ʻO kekahi mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka honua holoholona i kēia manawa. Ke uhau nei, hopu, pale kuhi ʻia i nā ʻāpana o nā holoholona he nui. ʻO nā lio ʻōiwi, nā saigas, nā pōkā, a me nā streptos i nalowale. Ua lele hohonu nā kau o nā kahe ʻeke i loko o ka ʻone. Akā kaheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpala (nā hamsters, nā kiʻi) ma ka ʻāina i kīloʻi ʻia.
Flora
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāina he mau maka i ka wā e piʻi ai. Ma ke Komohana Hema, no ka laʻana, ke ala i nā kihi o ka puʻu nui loa Zigalga e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻolewa ʻana i kahi pihi o nā puʻu a i nā puhipaki ma ka wāwae, paʻu ʻia ka nui me nā lāʻau. A laila e hele ma ke ala lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, a me ka aspen mau puʻu, i waena o nā mālamalama grassy. Ua kū aʻe ka nui o ke ahi a me ke ahi ma luna o ka pā. ʻAʻole aneane ʻike ka lāʻau make - ke puhi ʻia i ka wā o nā ahi ahi pinepine. I nā wahi pāpū, hiki paha nā haʻalulu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā peaks me nā placers pōhaku, mau lumala a me ka mauʻu. Hōʻalo i ke aniani a ʻōpiopio, ke kapa o nā curved e hele mai ana ma ʻaneʻi, mai hoʻohālike i ke ʻano o ka wāwae i ka wāwae, me nā māla lau o ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu. Pau a hiki i nā mea puhi ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, no laila ke pale ʻia ke ala i kēia manawa a laila pale ʻia e nā blockages mai nā lāʻau i hāʻule ai. ʻO ka piko o ka mauna ʻo Yamantau (1640 m) he wahi pālahalaha naʻe, naʻe, aneane hiki ʻole ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma muli o ka ʻohi ʻana o nā ʻāpana kahiko.
Nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai maoli o nā Urals, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai mineral. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā Urals i ke kumu kūʻai nui a me ka waihona metalaʻāina o ka ʻāina. Hoʻi hou i ka makahiki XVI. ua ʻike ʻia nā palena o ka paʻakai a me ke one i loaʻa i ke keleawe ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o nā Urals. I ka makahiki XVII, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā waihona hao hao a ʻike ʻia nā hana hao. I ke kuahiwi, ua loaʻa nā mea waiho gula a me nā waihona kālā o ke platinum, ma ka ʻaoʻao kahikaha - nā pōhaku makamae. Mai kēia hanauna a ka hanauna, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mākaukau e ʻimi no ka ʻohi, i ka mea honi keleawe, e hana i nā mea kaua a me nā mea hana hana mai ia mea, e hoʻoili i nā hōʻiliʻili.
I nā Urals, he nui nā helu hao ʻoi loa nā kaona hao (Magnitnaya, Vysokaya, Blagodat, nā Kachkanar mauna), nā keleawe keleawe (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibai), nā mea hao ʻole i loaʻa ʻole ka ferrous, ke gula, ke kālā, ka platinum, ka bauxite maikaʻi loa o ka ʻāina, ka pōhaku a me ka paʻakai pālima (Solikamsk , Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Ilʻetskoye). Aia ka aila (Ishimbay), hau kūlohelohe (Orenburg), nānahu, nā asbestos, nā mea kūʻai a me nā pōhaku semiprecious ma nā Urals. I hiki ke mamao o ke kahawai o nā kahawai Ural (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya a me kekahi mau mea kanu hydropower liʻiliʻi) e kū mamao loa mai kahi punahele piha.
He kūlana Geographic
AT ʻano Pākuʻina ʻĀpelima maʻa.
1. ʻelua mau reportics: Bashkiria (capital - Ufa) a me Udmurtia (capital - Izhevsk),
2. Teritori ʻo Perm, a mai Ianuali 1, 2006, ma muli o ke ʻano he referendum, ua hui pū ʻia ka Perm Region me ka Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug,
3. 4 mau wahi: Sverdlovsk (waena - Yekaterinburg), Chelyabinsk (waena - Chelyabinsk), Kurgan (waena - Kurgan) a me Orenburg (waena - Orenburg) mau ʻāina.
Mālama wahi a 824 tausani km 2.
Kuhi. 1. Ka Palapala o nā Urals (Punawai)
ʻĀina ʻĀpelō ʻona wahi ma ke lealea o na aoao Europa a me Asia i Rusia. iai ia palena me nā ʻĀina, Volga-Vyatka, Volga a me nā ʻona ʻāina ʻo Siberian komohana. Ma ke kūkulu hema e kau pū ana me Kazakhstan. He ʻāina ʻāina ka Urals, akā ma waena o ka Ural, Kama, Volga mau ʻauwa a me nā kēne Kālā i ko Caspian, Azov a me ka # Uʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaka ʻia ʻaneʻi kaʻohana: nā kaʻa kaʻa halihali a me nā alanui, a me nā paila hinu a me nā mīkini. ʻOihana pūnaewele pili ʻO nā ʻōlima me ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o Rūsia a me Siberia.
ʻO ka pilikia a me ke kūlana
Aia kekahi i ka ʻāpana o nā Urals ʻŌnaehana kai Urale kikoo ana mai ka akau a i hema a oi aku i 2000 km. me ka laula he 40 a 150 km.
Kuhi. 2. Nā mauna Ural (Source)
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaha a me nā ʻāina emit Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern Urals. ʻO ka'āpana nui he mau ala waena-kiʻekiʻe a me nā nehe mai 800 a 1200 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole wale wale nā kihi ukiuki ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai. Kiʻo kiʻekiʻe - ʻO Mount Narodnaya (1895 m), aia i nā Hale Akaka. Aia kahi ʻano kaumaha ma ke kau moʻolelo: Folk a me Folk. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mea mua ma ka hiki ʻana o ke kahawai Narady ma ka wāwae o ka mauna, a ʻo ka lua e pili ana i ka 20-30. i kēia mau makahiki aku nei, i ka wā i ʻimi ai nā kānaka e hoʻolaʻa i nā inoa no nā hōʻailona o ka mokuʻāina.
Kuhi. 3. Mount Narodnaya (Source)
Nā kuʻekuʻe kuahiwi e kuʻe ana i ka mele meridian. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mākahele e nā neʻe mauna lōʻihi i kahi e kahe ana nā muliwai. ʻO nā mauna e haku ʻia o ka ʻōpū, ka metamorphic a me nā pali igneous. Kūkulu ʻia ʻo Karst a me nā ana he nui ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa ʻo ka Kungur Ice Cave.
Karst - kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kaʻina a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hana o ka wai a hōʻike i ka haʻalele o nā pali e like me ke gypsum, limestone, dolomite, salt salt, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā voids i loko o lākou.
Nā kūlana kūlohelohe pono ole. Ua pili ke kuahiwi o nā Urals kūlohelohe ulana. E hoʻololi ana i ʻekolu ʻaoʻao: mai ke kūkulu hema a i hema, mai ke komohana a i ka hikina a mai ka wāwae o nā mauna i nā peaks. ʻO ka mauna Ural kahi lāʻau ākea e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka lehulehu o nā lewa wai mai ke komohana a i ka hikina, i.e., mai ke Atlantika. ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mauna, hoʻowahāwahā lākou i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nui o ka ea ma ka hikina. No laila, loaʻa i ka ʻāina Ural i nā hoʻoilo ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻāina Ural, a nānā ʻia hoʻi ka permafrost ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kaiāwā Ural.
Nā kumuwaiwai mineral
Ma nā ʻano kahu waiwai ʻAʻole ʻike ka Urals i waena o nā ʻāina waiwai o Rūsia.
Kuhi. 5. Ka palapala ʻāina o nā Urals. (Source)
Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā Urals i ke kumu kūʻai nui a me ka waihona metalaʻāina o ka ʻāina. He 15 kaukani o nā waihona he mai. ʻO ka waiwai nui o nā Urals ʻo ia ka ores o ka ferrous a me ka non-ferrous metala. Ore nā kumuwaiwai ʻenekona i lanakila ma nā ʻāina Sverdlovsk a me Chelyabinsk, ma nā pāpū hikina a me nā Trans-Urals. 2/3 o nā mālama hao hao o nā Urals aia i loko o ka waihona Kachkanar. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā waihona ʻaila i loko o ka moku Perm, Udmurtia, Bashkiria a me ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg. I ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg ka nui e pili ana i ka condensate ka nui ma ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāina. Nā ʻili kele - i Krasnouralsk, Revda (ʻo Sverdlovsk wahi), Karabash (Chelyabinsk faritra), Mednogorsk (ʻāpana Orenburg). Aia nā wahi ʻoka liʻiliʻi i loko o ka waihona Chelyabinsk, a aia nā kōniha i Kopeisk. He nui nā wahi o ka potash me ka paʻakai o nā Urals i ka ʻauwai ʻo Verkhnekamsk. Mālama pū kekahi ʻāina i nā metala waiwai: gula, kālā, platinum. Ma kahi o 5,000 mau minuke i loaʻa ma ʻaneʻi. I ka mālama ʻana ʻo Ilmensky ma kahi he 303 km 2 5% o nā minuke a pau o ka Honua.
Kūlana a me ka wai
Kapili ʻia ka 40% o nā Urals e ka wao. Waoau hana i ka hana leʻaleʻa a me ka hana maʻemaʻe. ʻO nā kumu lāʻau ʻākau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka ʻAha Perm Perm, Sverdlovsk Region, Bashkiria a me Udmurtia ua waiwai nui i nā wao nahele. Kāohi ʻia ka hana o ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina māla a me ka ʻāina paʻa. O ka lepo aneane pau nā wahi i hala ma muli o ke kūkaha ʻana o ke kanaka.
Kuhi. 6. Ke ʻano o ke Teritori Perm.
Nui nā Urals i nā muliwai. He 69 tausani, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ia wahi ia mau ʻāpana me nā lako wai. Aia ka hapa nui o nā muliwai ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o nā Urals. Nā kuʻina hele mai i loko o nā mauna, akā, i ka luna i luna e pāpala lākou. ʻO ka mea nui loa nā hale hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao, nā mōʻaukala a me nā mea hana kiʻiʻāina - nā kūlanakauhale like ʻo Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Solikamsk, Izhevsk. Eia nō hoihoi mea kūlohelohe: Kiur hau pahu (5.6 km lōʻihi, nona 58 mau grottoes a me ka nui o nā loko), ke ahi ʻo Kapova (Republic of Bashkiria, me nā kiʻi pā o ka pā kahiko), a me ka muliwai Chusovaya - ʻo ia kekahi o nā muliwai maikaʻi loa ma Rūsia.
Kuhi. 7. Kungur Ice Cave (Source)
Kuhi. 8. Chusovaya River (Kūmole)
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kumuwaiwai o nā Urals i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau makahiki, no laila ʻaʻole he mea kupanaha no ka nalo ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, he manawa mua loa ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka impoverment o ka ʻāpana ʻāina Ural. ʻO ka mea ʻo ia ka ʻepekema ʻo ia ka ʻike haʻawina geologically, ua ʻimi ʻia ka subsoil i kahi hohonu o 600-800 m, a ua hiki ke hana i ka noiʻi geology ma ka laulā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a ma ka hema o ka ʻāina.
ʻIke ʻia o Udmurtia - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - mīkini hana hoʻolālā o nā lima liʻiliʻi, ka mea hana i ka honua-kaulana AK-47.
Kuhi. 9. M. Kalashnikov me kahi pū pā kaua AK-47 (Source)
I ka makahiki 1947, ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ka pu e lele kaua ʻo Kalashnikov. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Mikhail Timofeevich ma Nowemapa 10, 1919 ma ke kauhale. Kurya, Keʻāina a Altai. ʻO ia nā keiki 17 i kahi ʻohana nui. I ka makahiki 1948, hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Mikhail Timofeevich i ka Lohe Mīkini Hoʻomoe ʻo Izhevsk e hoʻonohonoho i ka hana ʻana o ka pūʻulu mua o kāna pū pahi kaua AK-47.
Kuhi. 10. M.T. Kalashnikov (Source)
I ka makahiki 2004, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Izhevsk (kahi nui o Udmurtia) ua wehe ʻia hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi inoa ʻia ma hope o M.T. Kalashnikov. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hale moʻomeheu i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā pūʻali koa a me nā mea kaua o Lūkini a me nā ʻenemi hana hou, nā mea kaua a me nā mea nona a Mikhail Timofeevich. Ua make ʻo Mikhail Timofeevich ma Dekemaba 23, 2013 ma ke kūlanakauhale o Izhevsk.
Ural - ka palena ma waena o ʻEulopa a me Asia
Hoʻomā pinepine ʻia ka palena ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia ma ka ʻaoʻao kahawai o nā Kaiahi Ural a me nā Mugodzhar, ka Emba muliwai, a me ke kahakai ʻo ʻElia Caspian, ma ke kaʻi o Kumo-Manych a me ka kiʻi ʻo Kerch.
Kuhi. 11. Obelisk ma Yekaterinburg (Source)
Pau loa ka lōʻihi Aia ka palena ma waena o Lūkia he 5524 km, nona 2 tausani km ma ke kuʻu ʻo Ural, a me 990 km ma ke kahawai ʻo Caspian. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia kahi koho e hoʻoholo ai i ka palena o ʻEulopa - e ka wai o ka Ural Range, ka muliwai Ural a me nā kahe wai o ka Caucasus Range.
Lake Turgoyak
ʻO Lake Turgoyak kekahi o nā loko a nani a nani hoʻi i nā Urals. Aia ia ma ke kuahiwi mauna kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale o Miass, Chelyabinsk māhele ʻia.
Kuhi. 12. Turgoyak Lake (Source)
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka loko kūlohelohe he ʻano ʻono kūlohelohe. He hohonu nō ia - kona hohonu hohonu he 19 m, a hiki i ka lōʻihi ka palena o 36.5 m. Ua kaulana ʻo Lake Turgoyak no kāna ʻano ākea kiʻekiʻe, a hiki aku i ka 10-17 m kahi o Turgoyak kahi kokoke i Baikal. Pōhaku ka ʻōpū o loko o kahi loko - mai nā pebbles a cobblestones. ʻAno kiʻekiʻe a kokoke ka pali o ka loko. Nui nā wai liʻiliʻi e kū ai i loko o ka loko. ʻO ka punawai nui o ka meaʻai wai ka wai. ʻO ka mahalo, ua kaheʻe ka wai ma ka loko. Ma nā kahakai o Lake Turgoyak he mau pūnaewele archaeological he nui.
Hōʻike Pūnaewele
1. Kūleʻa EA He hoikehonua o Rūsia: ʻĀpana a me nā wahi: Helu 9, kahi puke i ʻike ʻia e nā haumāna o nā kula hoʻonaʻauao. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2011.
2. Fromberg A.E. Hoohanauna me ka pae honua. - 2011, 416 p.
3. Atlas e pili ana i ka ʻāina holomua, helu 9. - Bustard, 2012.
Hoʻohui hou ʻia nā ʻike pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻe
1. Pūnaewele wp.tepka.ru (Punawai)
2. Pūnaewele fb.ru (Source)
3. Pūnaewele bibliotekar.ru (Source)
Kuhiwuhi
1. E haʻi iā mākou e pili ana i ke kūlana kikoʻī o nā Urals.
2. E haʻi iā mākou e pili ana i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ke aniani o nā Urals.
3. E haʻi iā mākou e pili ana i nā miner a me nā wai wai o nā Urals.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi hewa a i ʻole kahi laha i haki ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike iā mākou - e hana i kāu hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana.
Ural: pili hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hōʻeu o nā mauna Ural e hoʻoholo nui i ke ʻano o kēia mau wahi. ʻO kēia ka kūlana i ke kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ural i kahi kūʻokoʻa climatic kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka "kū" ʻo ia o nā mauna (mai ke komohana a i ke kūkulu hema) e hoʻoholo i ka paʻakikī a me ka laulā o ka lewa o nā Urals.
ʻO ke kuahiwi o ka mauna e hoʻāliʻi ʻia i lilo i kaʻe kūlohelohe o ka lele kai ʻana i ke kai komohana i kēia wahi, e pale ana i ke kuhikuhi o kā lākou neʻe, ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka zonality kime o ka pae.
- ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka pāpū Lūkia, ua like me ka ʻānō i nā ʻano ʻāina,
- ma na aina mokupuni o ke Komohana o Siberian Komohana e pili ana i na mauna Ural, ua aneane kokoke i na wahi apau.
No laila, ʻo ka Ural Range kahi palena kūlohelohe ma waena o nā zalima climatic o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me Siberia.
Hoʻololi ka ʻano o ke anuanu i nā Urals mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema, mai tundra a hiki i ka anuʻu, e like me nā loli i nā kūlohelohe. E haʻi nui mākou e pili ana iā lākou.
Polal keʻa
ʻO ka Polar Urals ka ʻaoʻao ākea loa o nā mauna Ural mai ka pōhaku Konstantinov a hiki i ka muliwai ʻo Khulga. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻoluʻolu e ka neʻe ʻana i hala, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ke ʻano o nā glacier:
- hohonu hohonu, mau awāwa nui,
- lolalo loloa
- nā hana hoʻonani maʻamau (trogs, punches, etc.).
ʻO ke ʻano o ke aniani o ka Polar ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kāʻei ʻāina i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana o nā cyclones ʻĀina a me ke anticyclone Siberian. No laila, ʻo kāna ʻano ʻehā e neʻe ikaika nei, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōpala nui me ka nui o ka hau a me nā makani ikaika. Hiki i ka mahana o ka mahana ke hoʻoilo i -55 ° C. I ka hau anuanu o ka wai ma kēia wahi aia kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻemi nuiʻana o ke ea (hoʻāla ka ea ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma lalo o nā kuahiwi).
Nā Kahu Pūnaewele
Ma nā Kuleana Subpolar, ua kiʻekiʻe loa nā kihi o kēia kuahiwi mauna, ʻo ka laulā ke hiki i 150 km ma aneʻi. Aia ka mea hōʻoluʻolu ma kēia mau hiʻohiʻona: ka hoʻoliʻi o nā ʻaoʻao o ke kuahiwi, ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā pae ʻāina alpine, nā pae kiʻekiʻe, nā puʻu hohonu a me nā awāwa e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka pili mai ke komohana a i ka hikina.
ʻAno ke kūlana o ke Kulanui Subpolar. He koi nui ia, me ka lōʻihi o ke aniani lōʻihi a me nā manawa pōkole pōkole. ʻO ke kūlana ākea ka hopena ma muli o ke kūlana o ka ʻāina a me ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi. ʻO kahi mea nui e pili pono ana i ke anā o nā Urals ma kona ʻala polā ka wahi o nā kuahiwi e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka makani, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, i hoʻoholo i ka ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana kime ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pākīpika a me ʻĀsia o nā Urals, inā no ka hoʻohele ʻia ʻana o nā puʻu.
ʻĀlau ʻĀkau
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Ural Range e hoʻoheheʻe mai kahawai Shchuger ma ʻākau a hiki i Kosvinsky Stone ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā wahi i hiki ʻole i kahi ākea kahi i nā mākeke no nā pae a ʻaʻole hoʻi i alanui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana a mai ka hikina aku, aia ke awāwa e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā wao a me nā nū. ʻAkuhi ke ʻano o ke aniani o nā Urals ma kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻIke ʻia nā zona Permafrost ma aneʻi. ʻAʻohe hau ma ka mauna i nā wahi i hala ʻole ke wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ke kauwela.
Nā ʻāpana Middle
ʻO ka Urals Middle ka papa haʻahaʻa loa o ka moʻo i kapa ʻia, palena ʻia ma kahi o 56th a me 59 degere o ka latitu ʻākau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi he nui loa o kēia ʻāpana he 700-700 m. ʻO ke kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe loa (Middle Baseg) he 994 m.
Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka Middle Urals e nā makani ʻĀina o Komohana. E ulu ana ke ʻano o nā ʻāina kūlū i kēia wahi, i ho'ākāka ʻia e ke kokoke loa o Siberia a me ka remoteness o ka Atlantika, no laila ke koi la ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hopena.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua ma mua o ka hikina. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ka pale o ka liʻiliʻi o nā kuahiwi ke komo i ka ea anuanu mai ka ʻArikika a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ea mahana a me ka maloʻo mai ke kūkulu hema a i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā mauna Ural. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i ka hikiʻole o ke ea ma kēia wahi, ka nui o ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻīlio.
Hema Hema
ʻO ka ʻĀlaka Hema ka hapa ākea o ka ʻōnaehana mauna ma waena o nā Middle Urals a me ka Mugodzhary (ke kūkulu hema o nā mauna Ural e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o Kazakhstan). Ma muli o ka nui o nā palahalaha, hiki i ka laulā o ka heʻe a hiki i 250 km. He ʻāina pālahalaha kēia wahi ʻāina. ʻO ke kuhi ka wai o nā ʻāpana kahawai o Ural a me Belaya - kahi o ka Uraltau Range.
Ma kēia wahi, ua koi maikaʻi ke aniani i ka ʻāina: nā kauwela wela, i ukali ʻia e nā mālamala hau lōʻihi. I ka hoʻoilo, emi ai ke ea o ka ea i -45 ° C. Ua mahana wela ke kauwela, me ka ua pinepine o ka ua.
No laila, ʻo ka loiloi e ʻae ai iā mākou e pane i ke ʻano he kipi ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina Ural, i pili nui ʻia me nā peculiarities o kāna wahi ʻona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona i nā Urals
Pili ke ʻano i ke aniani i nā wahi kiko. He wahi mamao kēia wahi mai nā moana, a moe hohonu i ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, aia nā palena o ka Urals ma nā kai polar, a ma ke kūkulu hema - ma nā ʻano hele wāwae Kazakh. Hōʻike ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i ke aniā o nā Urals e like me ke kuahiwi kuahiwi, akā ke nānā ʻia nei ke ʻano o ka ʻāina ʻōiwi ma nā papu. ʻO nā subarctic a me ka'ōpū palalela nā hopena kūpono loa i kēia wahi. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, he ʻeha loa nā kūlana, a ʻo nā mauna ke kuleana nui, e hana ana me ka mea pale lāʻau.
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Hoʻomili
Ma ke komohana o nā Urals, hāʻule nui ka ua, no laila ke kahaha ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kaulike makahiki he 700 miliona ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ua, heʻuʻuku loa, a me ke anu anu ka ʻāina. Ma kahi o 400 mau'āpana o ka ua e hāʻule ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka leona kūloko i ka lehulehu o ka lewa o ka Atlantika, kahi e lawe ai i ka haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka nui o ka ea kuʻuna, e lawe ana i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa a maloʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lewa ea o ʻAmelika Huipū i hiki ke loli maoli i ka mahana.
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Ka ʻāhuna ʻia o ka ʻĀhini ma waena o nā wahi: ʻo ka ʻāpana hema o nā Urals ke loaʻa ka nui, a i ʻole e emi i ka ʻākau. E haʻi ana i nā kūlana wela, ʻo ke kauwela wela ma ka ʻākau he –22 degere Celsius, a me –16 ma ka hema. I ke kauwela, i nā Northern Urals aia wale nō ka helu +8, ʻoiai i ka Hema - +20 aʻoi aku paha ke kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana polar i kēia wahi ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo lōʻihi a me ka hoʻoilo, e lōʻihi ana ma kahi o ʻewalu mau mahina. ʻO ka kauwela he pōkole loa, a lōʻihi e hala i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina. Ma ka hema, ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kūlike: he wē pōkole a me nā manawa pōkole lōʻihi, e lawe ai i ʻehā a i ʻelima mau malama. ʻO ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā puna i nā wahi like ʻole o ka Urals he ʻokoʻa i ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kokoke i ka hema, ʻoi aku ka pō, ua lōʻihi ka lohi, a ʻo ke ʻākau ke ala ʻē aʻe.
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No laila, ʻokoʻa ka ʻānela o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale, nā ʻemi a me nā helehelena o ka lā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia ma kēia. ʻO kēlā ʻano kūlana i pili i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka flora a me nā ʻano manuʻa o nā Urals.
Hōʻano liʻiliʻi
Ua paʻi ʻia ka mauna mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ke kūkulu hema, me kahi lōʻihi o 2000 km. He haʻahaʻa loa ka mauna Ural: ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā pihi ma waena o 300 a hiki i 1200 m.ʻO ka wahi kiʻekiʻe ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Narodnaya, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 1895 m.Kā ma ka hoʻolālā aupuni, ʻo nā kuahiwi o kēia ʻāina nā ʻāpana ʻAlala Federal, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema hema o Kazakhstan.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka laulā ua pālahalaha, a ua liʻiliʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o nā puʻu, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka ʻāina no nā wahi like o ke kāʻei. He hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka Urals He hopena koʻikoʻi nā mauna i ke kaila ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā ea ma muli o ka mea i hoʻonui ʻia ʻia i ka meridionally. Hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia he mau mea leʻa ʻole i ke kaʻe o ka ea komohana o loko. No kēia kumu, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ua i ka ʻāpana: ua loaʻa nā haʻahaʻa hikina i ka ua - 400-550 mm / makahiki, ke komohana - 600-800 mm / makahiki. ʻO ka hope loa ka maʻalahi o ke kumu o ka hū ʻana i ka lewa; Akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina ma kahi ʻāpana kai laila.
Nā ʻona ʻāina
Hona nā kahawai i ʻelua ʻāpana ʻāina: ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke Kaiahi Ural, zona subarctic, aʻo ka koena i loko o ke anainua kūlana.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o ka paʻa o ka uaki o nā mauna Ural i ke kānāwai o ka zonality latitudinal, a eia ia ke kū nei i ka ʻōlelo.
Pai Hoi
Aia kēia mauna kuahiwi ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ke Kaiahi Ural. ʻO ke ala kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia ʻāina ʻo Moreiz (kiʻekiʻe 423 m). ʻAʻole nā puʻu mauna ʻo Pai-Hoi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke aniani o nā Urals ma kēia ʻāina i subarctic, altitudinal zonation ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. He wahi ʻokoʻa kēia o ka makahiki, ʻo ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, a ʻo 20 mau ʻanuʻu ma waena o 20 mau mahina i lalo o ka makeke, i Iulai + 6 ° C. ʻO nā piʻi kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻoilo hiki ke piʻi ma -40 ° C. Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā lewa i ke kau Pai, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻona kūlohelohe.
Mugodzhary
Kahi mau ʻōlelo kuahiwi haʻahaʻa ma ka hema hema o ka mauna Ural. Aia ka palena āpau ma ka palena o Kazakhstan. He kiʻekiʻe nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o 300-400 m, no kēia ʻano, he aniani ka ʻāina ma kahi ʻāina. ʻAʻohe uhi hau hau, ʻaʻohe hau anu i ka nānā me nā makana.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka loea
ʻO Ural kahi ʻāina nui e kū ana mai ke kahakai o ka moana Arctic a hiki i nā ʻāpana hema.
Hiki ke ʻoka ʻia nā Urals i nā Urals a me Trans-Urals, nā kūlana kūlohelohe ia e ʻokoʻa ʻole i kela manaʻo kekahi i kekahi.
Nui aku ka ua ma ke komohana o ka Urals, he ʻoluʻolu ke anuanu a pohō ke anuanu ma mua o ka hikina. A ma ka hikina, ua emi mai ka ua, ua maloʻo ka pale a ua hoʻomāloʻo ʻia ka ʻāina.
Hoʻomaka ʻia ke aniani o nā Urals e ka neʻe ʻana i nā ea ʻokoʻa komohana, kahi elongation nui o ke kāʻei mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema, a me ke kokoke o ka ʻAlika Arctic.