Kūpono nā poʻe loea e hoʻohana i ka croaker no kahi liʻiliʻi o nā iwi, nā gourmets no ka ʻono maikaʻi, nā poʻe maʻi no nā maʻi hōʻola. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia mea i kāna iʻa ponoʻī, e hoʻonui ana i ka waiwai o ka papa i ka ʻai kanaka.
ʻO ka moʻolelo huahana a me ke ʻano
Noho ka mea croaker ma ka moana ʻo Atlantika a me India, nā wai o Peresia a me nā ʻāpana o ke Kaiwa ʻo Mexico, ma Caribbean, ʻ theleʻele, ʻulaʻula, Red, Mediterranean a me Azov Seas. ʻAʻohe mākaʻikaʻi mau i nā ʻano ʻōiwi ma ka moana Pakipika, Melanesia, Polynesia, a me ka Atlantika. Loaʻa ka nui o nā iʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā waha o nā wai nui e like me Orinoco, Amazon, Mississippi, Parana, Indus, Congo, Ganges.
ʻAʻole maopopo ka ʻike i ka moʻaukala o ka maikaʻi o ka kuke ʻana, eia naʻe, maopopo ke ʻano ʻo kēia ʻano ʻona kahi mea waiwai koʻikoʻi me nā mea maikaʻi o ka meaʻai. Manaʻo kekahi mau gourmets i kahi croaker i mea hōʻono. Ma muli o kona ʻano momona kūpono, ka waiwai nui o ka croaker. He mined i loko o ka Moana Inikini, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻApelika, Australia, Abkhazia, Ukraine, Russia, i loko o ka mokupuni o Filipina, ma ke Kaiʻula. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana croaker, akā he mea hiʻi nō hoʻi.
Ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā kānaka, hōʻoki nā māla i kēia iʻa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ua ulu ia i loko o kahi pā hale i loko o nā hale noho i pani ʻia me ka wai hou a wai ʻole paha. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kumu kūʻai i ke kumu kūʻai. ʻO ke alakaʻi i ke kula ʻoi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo ʻIseraʻela. Hoʻoulu ʻo ka'āina i nā ʻano ʻāpana manu a ʻula, a me nā iʻa i nā mahiʻai i ke kūlanakauhale o Atlite. No ka hana hou o ka croaker, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano he 5-6.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua noho ʻo Kina ma kahi kaulana i waena o nā mea hana me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka gibbionts. I waena o nā mahiʻai assimilated o ka nui o ka lawaiʻa o ka Mīkini, he ʻelua mau ʻano croaker. Aia nā pā nui nui i nā kō me nā cages a me nā kaulike ma nā moku ʻo Zhejian, Fujian, Hainan. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i ka ulu ulu ʻana i nā mea hana mai Brazil, Mexico, Australia. E kūʻē i kahi kūmole o nā mākaʻi Lūkia kaulana, ʻaʻohe mea e kaena ai. Ma ka'āina, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ka mea ʻole i ka mākeke o ka lapalapa, he mea ʻole ka pōkole, no ka mea ʻaʻole e emi iho ke kumukūʻai o ka iʻa ma mua o $ 10 i ka puka o ka puka, a ʻaʻole paha ia e ʻimi i kāna mea kūʻai.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā ʻano
ʻO croaker kekahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana croaker. Ma ka huina holoʻokoʻa, aia ma kahi o 250 mau ʻano a me 56 genera o ka iʻa, ʻekolu o lākou he wai wai, a ʻelua mau hua ola e noho nei i loko o kahi salika. Kāhea ka poʻe i kahi croaker i kahi croaker no ka kani ʻana i nā kani e hana ai ke kanaka i ka wā e launa ʻia nā ʻūlū i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lewa a hana like me kahi keʻena resonant. Ma ka mākia Asia, kaulana ia ʻo croaker, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIaKepania ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo humps) ʻO ka inoa kumu o ka iʻa no ka hope o kahi curve i hoʻihoʻi.
ʻO kaʻeleʻele a me ke kukui croaker, ka mea i loaʻa ma ke Kai o Azov a me ke Kai Kūleʻele, ʻoi aku ka mau ʻia o nā pā hale paʻahana. Loaʻa nā poʻe noho o ka Hikina i nā lālani puaʻa liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kina Hema. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo India, e lawe ʻia ana ka lawena lawaiʻa no ka iʻa ʻulaʻula. Noho ka ola ʻana o ka ʻaeto ma waho o ke kahakai o Sepania, Morocco a me Pokukala. Loaʻa nā ʻōlima a hina hina paha i ka US kahakai. ʻO ka croaker kala he mau mined i loko o ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi, ma Africa, Russia, Australia.
Hiki pinepine ke iʻa i nā pale i nā pahu hou me ka palahalaha pēpī i lalo hou aʻe me ke poʻo o ke kupapaʻu holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāpana like a me nā nui. ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka e hilinaʻi i ka noho, nā ʻano a me nā lako o ka luku. No ka laʻana, kahi mākeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ke Kaiʻula he lōʻihi ʻo 35 cm a me ka pā o e pili ana i ka 1 kg, kahi iʻa ʻulaʻula mai India Ocean a i hele paha ke Kai Hila Hema e 90 cm a kaupaona 6-7 kg. ʻO kahi huahana kūikawā a waiwai nui ma ka mākeke he kālā croaker kala. He kiʻekiʻe kona momona a me ka hiʻona, ulu ma ka lōʻihi mai 40 cm a 2 m, a loaʻa nā paona a hiki i 55 kg. Hoʻomaopopo ka huahana i ka nui o ka nui (7+, etc.), kahi e hōʻike ai i ke kau palena kiʻekiʻe o ka iʻa i ka pāʻina.
ʻO ka iʻa Croaker
ʻO ka iʻa croaker (Pareques acuminatus), e like me ka ka papaʻepekema ʻepekema, nona nā ʻohana Gorbylev, nona ka 275 mau ʻano. Ma kahi o ka inoa ʻepekema a me ka inoa inoa inoa, ʻo croaker i kapa pinepine ʻia i kahi pahu pahu, meager, melakopia, a me ka grumbler a corvina paha. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻohana Gorbylev e pili ana i nā ʻano he nui, ʻelua wale nō nā mākele i pālahalaha i kā mākou latin - he mauʻeleʻele a he croaker māmā.
Kūpono ʻano ʻo ia e like me kahi croaker māmā e loaʻa i kahi nui ākea. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka croaker iʻa e hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hope o ka croaker i ka ʻaha ʻulaʻula, me ka hiki i nā paliʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ka croaker i kona inoa kumu ma muli o ka curvature ikaika o ke kua. Ua manaʻo ua ulu ka iʻa i kahi hump maoli.
He mau liʻiliʻi ʻenehana ma luna o ka moa o ka iʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa croaker e ke ʻano o kāna dorsal fin, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana i kahi kakaki. ʻO ka luna o luna o ka iʻa fin, e kū aʻe ka croaker ma luna o ka lalo. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā pōpoki, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā mollusks i hoʻokumu i ka meaʻai o ka iʻa. E like me ke kānāwai, ua koho ka iʻa croaker i kahi hohonu a me nā pali i kahi noho no ka noho ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi o ka iʻa croaker ka mea maʻamau i ka Moana o Azov a me ka ʻeleʻele. I kā lākou hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka mālamalama a me nā meaʻeleʻele croaker. No kēia kumu, he mea paʻakikī loa ka mea aloha i hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopiliʻia me nā mea croaker māmā a me nā croaker, aia kekahi mau ʻano iʻa o ka waiwai nui pono kūloko.
No ka laʻana, ma ka Hema Hema o kahi croaker liʻiliʻi e hoʻohui ʻia, a i loko o ke Kai ʻĀina - ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mea e kapa ʻia ʻo ka eeto croaker noho i nā wai kahakai o Maroko, Pokukala a me Sepania. ʻO kahi mau iʻa i hina hina ʻole a iʻa ʻia paha, ke croaker, maʻamau i kahakai o ka United States. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana kālā kālā o nā iʻa croaker mai ke kahakai hikina o ʻApelika, a ma Australia a me nā Mokupuni ʻo Pilipo.
He mea kūpono ia e hiki ai i ka hiki i kahi iʻa ke hoʻopuka mai i nā ʻano kani ikaika e ka wahi ʻuki wai e kūpaʻa ai e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano nui o ka iʻa i lilo ai i kahi croaker. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke kapa i kahi ʻano o ka ʻōlelo i kamaʻilio ʻia e ka iʻa croaker me kekahi. Loaʻa ka iʻa croaker me ka palatability kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea momona.
Ma nā ʻāina āpau kahi e ʻohi ʻia ai ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia ka croaker kahi mea ʻike maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa palaoa, kālua ʻia, ʻomo pū kekahi, maloʻo a paʻakai ʻia hoʻi. I loko o kā mākou latina, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i nā croaker i ka iʻa i loko o ka hoʻohiki.
Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia e pili ana ka croaker iʻa ʻona i loko o kāna ʻano mea kanu ʻenehana, kahi i helu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea i kapa ʻia he pūhui koʻikoʻi. Mai kahiʻike olakino, ʻo ka papa ʻaina holinuhina maikaʻi loa ka hānai, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka croaker iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi
ʻO ka waiwai kai e pono ai ka hua o ka 104-153 kcal / 100 g. Aia ka iʻa i ka 0.3 g o ka omega-3, 17.8 g o ka protein, 56 mg o ka sodium, 61 mg o kolesterol, 1.1 g o ka momona saturated. Eia kekahi, aia i ka pāhana, ka mea i pili i nā kaʻina electrochemical o nā kīʻaha o ka naʻau, ka phosphorus, pono pono no ka kūkulu ʻana o ka ʻāʻī o ka iwi, ka iwi a me ka lolo, ke keleawe, e pili ana i ka hoohuihua ana a me nā metabolism a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia ka pūnaehana o ka huahana me ka nui o nā huaora, ma waena o lākou A, B9, B12, PP, C. predominate.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻala iʻa e hōʻeuʻeu i ka mea ʻona kikowaena, hoʻoikaika i ka ʻai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka kīʻaha no nā poʻe maʻi me ka gastritis, atherosclerosis, a me nā pohō.
ʻOno hoʻāʻo
He keʻokeʻo naʻe ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa, akā, ʻo ka mea ʻike ʻia me ka hiʻu ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka croaker ke kiʻi nani a me ka momona. Pāwīwī ʻia kona koko, like ʻole me ke keiki hipa. Ka ʻai ʻia ka ʻili o ka iʻa. ʻO ka croaker ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano o ka "moana" ʻono a me ka mea ʻono, a ma ka ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona kai e hoʻomanaʻo ai ka poʻe noho o nā kaila wai.
Ke Hoʻomaʻi Kuke
Nui nā mau hiʻohiʻona no ka hana croaker. Kī ʻia ia mea i loko o ka umu, pāhi ʻia i loko o ka pā a iʻa ʻia paha, ka paʻakai, ka ʻinu ʻia, ka ʻū ʻia i loko o ka pā lole, hoʻoponopono ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa?
• Kāpī i ka palaoa me ka ʻeke.
• E hoʻohele i ka "heh" me ka lau sesa a me nā lau lettu.
• E hoʻomoʻi me ka meaʻai ʻaila.
• E huki i ka mea hūwai mai croaker.
• Loʻa i ka pepeiao momona a nui.
• Kuke i ka palaoa me ka iʻa a me ka raiki.
He aha nā ʻano hua like ʻole o ka papa ʻōlelo?
ʻO nā momona a me nā palaoa: palaoa, palaoa, palaoa palaoa, palaoa.
Kao moa.
Nā huahana waiwai: ka waiū, kaʻaila paʻakai.
Butter / Fats: canola, pīʻoki, kelewa, keʻaila aila, margarine.
Nā mālamai / ʻĀwī: cayenne pepelu, kari, oregano, mustard, lau hua.
Nā pua ʻōpala / Meaʻala: Pīhā, ka ʻeli hua, ke ʻiki, ka ʻakai kai, ka mea maʻa, ka lūlū, nā hua sesame, ka ʻili.
Nā huaʻai: lemon, ʻona, lime.
Kanu: daikon, maukakai, nā aniani, nā kāloti, nā ʻuala.
Nūpepa: nā māla, millet.
Sauces: soy, kamato, kaʻaila ʻona.
Mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻaha kanaka e nā ʻAsia, ma mua o ka mahalo ʻia e nā Korea. ʻO kona kaulana i ka mākeke hikina ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā iwi a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kuke i ka iʻa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui ka croaker i pāpaʻi a i ʻole he "heh" ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka lau maka.
Kāleka
ʻEkolu mau ʻano croaker e noho ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ma ka ʻāpana o ke kaona nui o Anapa, ʻike pinepine wale nō ʻelua.
ʻO ka croaker māmā a i ʻole he Umbrina, e like me kā ka ʻepekema - Umbrina cirrosa, ka nui loa i kā mākou kai. I ka wā i hala, ua loaʻa ka iʻa i ke kino elongated, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma hope aku. Ua nui ka poʻo me kahi stigma a beak: e kokoke kokoke i ke kino ka waha. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka moni maikaʻi ʻo dorsal me kahi kiʻi ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o kahi croaker māmā, ʻo ia ka tendril meaty ma ka iwi haʻahaʻa a me nā kihi pouli o ka uhi.
ʻO ke ʻano no ka croaker o kēia ʻano, he kukui māmā me nā poha wavy e holo ana i kahi kihi i ka huelo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōlani yellowish me nā kihi uliuli ma ke kino o ka croaker a lawelawe i ka camouflage maikaʻi loa. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kino lalo loa; ʻO ka aniani o ka lau caudal me kahi kakalaki, kokoke pololei. Hiki i kahi croaker Black Sea ke kiʻi, hiki i kahi mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 30 kilograms.
ʻO ka lua o ka iʻa ʻai ʻili a Anapa kahi ʻeleʻele croaker (Sciaena umbra). ʻAʻole i emi iki kona kaikaina i ke ʻano, akā, hele mai ke kelepona hele i kahi manawa a hiki i 60 centimeter a me ke kaumaha o 4 kilograms. He kua pōkole ka kua o ke kua o ke kai o ka lawehala, e like me ka hump, kahi i hoʻopau ai ka rhinestone i ke poʻo nui me ka ihu ʻo ka maka. Ma ke kino, ʻike ʻoe i kahi laina pelaka hope i hiki ai i ka hope caudal. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ʻo ka moni caudal, he ʻano convex, ʻano ʻano. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka hope dorsal a me kahi kāʻei i kahi kukui melemele.
Aia ma kahi o kahi e noho ai, nā croakerʻeleʻele he mau ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. Ma Anapa, aia nā iʻa me nā ʻaoʻao kālā a me kahi ʻōpū māmā. Hoʻopili ʻia nā poli ma mua o ke kino.
Hoʻoikaika
Aia kahi ʻeleʻele a me ka croaker māmā i kekahi mau wahi, e like me nā kahawai kahakai, nā pali pōhaku, ma nā ana o ke kai. Makemake lākou i nā hohonu mai 3 mau mika a ma luna. ʻO ka mea, hele ka wai croaker, ʻoi aku ka puna i ke aloha i ka pūnāwai. E kali ana kahi croaker i kahi mahana i ka mahana a hiki i ka 19-20 kiʻekiʻe a ma ka manawa o ke kauwela. Kūkulu ʻia ka spawning i loko o ka iʻa iʻa; ʻo ka wahine e waiho pololei i ka hua ma ka kolamu wai. A laila e pālahalaha ana ka palaki ma ke alo a kali no ka manawa e make ai. ʻO nā humpback liʻiliʻi i ka lā ʻehā o ko lākou ola e hoʻomaka i ka ʻai ma ko lākou iho a loaʻa ka momona. ʻO nā mea punahele punahele o ka iʻa pākē a Anapa he mau ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, a me nā ʻōpū moana. I ka hoʻoilo, hele ka iʻa i kahi hohonu kahi e kū mau ai ka mahana wai.
Ka ʻohana Kūkāmi (Sciaenidae), a i ʻole Crockers
ʻO ka inoa ʻohana, ʻo Gorbylevye (Sciaenidae), a i ʻole Crockers, ua kau ʻia e ka ʻatikala like ʻole o ko lākou mau ʻano ʻuhane o nā keiki āpau e nā poʻe apologinal nomenclature i loko o ka olaola. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka ʻike kuʻuna pili o ka binomial (binary) nomenclature a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻomohala mākaʻikaʻi ma waena o ka systematic (taxonomic) mau kālaiʻike kūhelu Sweden o Karl Linnaeus (Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778gg). I ka makahiki 1758, ʻo Karl Linney ka mea e wehewehe kikoʻī kikoʻī loa i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho o ka ʻohana Gorbylevye, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka inoa interspecific e pili ana i kā lākou mākaʻi nui - he protruding, arched protrusion ma ke kua. Akā ʻo ka inoa o ka ʻohana Sciaenidae, nā Crokers, ka mea i pālahalaha loa ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka makahiki 1860 e ka Dutch ichthyologist ʻo Peter Bleeker (Pieter Bleeker 1819-1878), ka mea ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna hele ʻana, ua hana i ka atlas kikoʻī e wehewehe ana i ka 511 mauʻano hou o ka iʻa a me 1925 mau mea hou. nā ʻano, me ka ʻohana Gorybyly. He mea pono ʻole ia i kēia mau makahiki i hala, ua lilo ka inoa koʻikoʻi ʻepekema "Crokers" i lilo ma ke kālepa ʻana a me ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa, e lilo ana i ka hana maʻamau. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo Pelekane ʻo Сroaker, ka mea i lilo i inoa no ka ʻohana āpau o ka iʻa, he nui nā manaʻo, ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ke ʻano he "croaking animal" (ʻo ka hua'ōlelo croak ka mea e ʻike ai i ka croaking, grumbling a croaking) paha. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i ka ʻohana Gorbylev ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā leo kani me ke kōkua o kahi ʻoni ʻaʻio puʻulu me nā ʻenehana nui i hoʻomohala ʻia, e lilo ana i ka hana o kahi resonator me ka hōʻeha kino. E like me ke kānāwai, e hana ana nā croaker i nā kani kūʻokoʻa o ka tonality a me ke ʻano hanana like ʻole, ka mea like me ka croaking, grunting, grunting a i ʻole croaking a i nā pōkaʻi. Hana kēia mau mea i kēia mau kani ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka meaʻai mai nā hola 21 a 2 mau hola o ka pō, lohe ʻia ke kū mālie mai ka wai ma ka mamao o 15-30 mau mika mai ka mea nānā. I ka manawa pinepine ma Kina, he nui nā wahi lawaiʻa lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa (Pseudosciaena crocea) i ka Puhi Kuʻuna, loaʻa nā ʻike nui o kēia iʻa me ke kōkua o nā keiki sonar kūikawā i waiho mua ʻia ma kahi o kā lākou fatliquoring mau loa.
Hoʻohui ka ʻohana Gorbylovye i ka iʻa me ka kino elongated i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, hoʻokahi dorsal fin, ka mahele ʻia e kahi ʻāpana hohonu i loko o nā ʻāpana spiny a me nā puna a me 1-2 spines i ka pae anal. Kekahi ʻano liʻiliʻi (U. cirrosa) ma ka welau o ka iwi āua, he tendril liʻiliʻi loa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo cirro (mustache ma Latin. ʻO ka niho o kēia mau iʻa he nui liʻiliʻi, ʻano kohu, ma kekahi mau ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke ʻāwili nui, nā kuʻi. I ka pau o ke kuhi, aia i nā manawa i hoʻolālā ʻia nā pores ma kahi o ka māka.
ʻO ka ʻohana o Barbies (Sciaenidae)
He 56 mau genera a me ka 250 o nā iʻa lawaiʻa, ua noho pinepine e kokoke ana i ka ʻuʻuku a hele aku iā lākou e ʻimi i ka ʻai ma lalo o ka hale kūʻai. ʻEkolu wale nō genera (Aplodinonotus, Pachyurus, Pachyrops) ka wai wai a ʻelua mau ʻano (Plagioscion a me Johnius) ola wale nō i nā wahi estuarine o nā muliwai a me nā estuaries brackish. Ma ka huina huakaʻi, he 16 mau pūnāwai wai ma waena o nā crockers, nona kahi e noho ai ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a he 13 ke ola i nā kino wai o ʻAmelika Hema a ʻelua mau mea ola e noho nei ma nā mokupuni o Indonesia a me ka Malacca Peninsula. ʻElua mau ʻano genera (Pareques a me Pachypops) i noho i ka ʻāʻu calebine i loko o ka Moana Initia.
Noho nā ʻano croaker a pau i nā kai kahakai o ka moana a me nā subtropical moana o nā kīʻaha o ka Atlantika, Pākīpika a me Inia moana, a me 11 mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana ke loaʻa i nā wahi me nā kulu ʻihi. I kēia manawa, ua komo kekahi o nā ʻohana Gorbylevye i kahi kai ʻo Suez mai ke Kaiʻula a i ke Kaiʻula, a hoʻokumu i kahi noho liʻiliʻi ʻoi ʻia ma laila. I loko o ka muliwai o Eilat o ke Kaiʻula, he ola no ka genrob Atrobuks (Atrobucca geniae) ola.ʻAʻohe croaker ma ka Pakipika e pili ana i ka Seychelles, a Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia a me ka Atlantika kahi kokoke i ka Azores. He kumu nui kēia o nā iʻa ʻohana (ʻo ke Kai Hōʻona 3 o nā croaker i hoʻokumu ʻole i nā ʻala nui), he nui ka nui o ka nui a hopu ʻia i nā ʻāpana nui me ke kōkua o nā ʻāpana hohonu, nā ʻōpua kai a me nā nīwī ʻaka.
Hoʻokomo nā iʻa croaker a i kahi ola benthic, ke noho nei i nā wai o nā pu i ke kahakai, no ka mea he benthophages maʻamau, ma nā mea kikoʻī. ʻO kekahi, (genera Otolithes, Cynoscion), pili paha i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me ka makahiki, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka noho pelagic a me kahi haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ʻo Gorbylovye ma waho o ka papa ʻāina, ka nui o lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai nui: ʻo Amazon, Orinoco, Parana, Mississippi, Kongo, Indus, Ganga a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi e paʻa ai lākou i nā nui ma nā hohonu heʻu (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 m) i ka ʻoliva, i kekahi manawa desalinated ka wai, loaʻa ka ʻai nui ma laila i ke ʻano o nā huina a me nā mollusks. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻohana iʻa o Crocker e ola a hānai ʻia i nā hohonu pāpō, mai 5 a 80 mau mika, a he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou i hana i ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu ma ka hohonu o ka 350 mau mika.
Wahi a ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ma waena o nā ʻano croaker maʻamau, loaʻa nā manamana maʻamau a me nā iʻa maluhia maoli, e ʻai nui ana i nā benthos ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mollusks, nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala. Ua hui like kekahi iʻa i ka meaʻai croaker - i loko o kēlā mau hihia i ka nui o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou wahi i noho ai (ikanani, atherin, sardines, etc.), ke koho nei lākou, akā inā ʻaʻohe iʻa i hiki ke lawelawe i ka meaʻai, huli lākou i kahi ʻano benthic o ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā mea kikoʻī maʻamau nā loina e pili ana i ka huaʻāpana Pseudotolithus(Kākōlena Kāpena). ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o kēia ʻano he elongated kino e like me ka pike perch i like. Aia nā niho ikaika nā niho fang ma kahi paʻa. He hope ka waha, nui. ʻO ka kala ke kala, he kala. ʻEleʻele ke kua, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. He mau ʻōlima pōʻeleʻeleʻele kekahi mau ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻohui pinepine ana i nā laina wavy. ʻO nā ʻano o kēia ʻano he maʻamau i nā wahi kuʻuna o ka ʻāleʻa o ka ʻāleʻa, ʻAmelika a me nā kai loko o ka Pākīpika
Palapala Senegalese, manguake
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa kāpena kāpena nui (Pseudotolithus typus) noho i kahakai ʻo ʻApelika Komohana. Ua hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1 m a me kahi paona o 15 kg. Aia nō kekahi mau "kāpena" - croaker kāpena liʻiliʻi (P. brachygnathus) a Kālā Cassava Senegalese (P. senegalensis), o ka lōʻihi o ia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 40 cm, akā i kekahi manawa a 80-90 cm.
Aia i ka moana Iniana a me ka Moana Kina Hema, pālahalaha loa huluhulu hakiʻi (Otolithes ruber), kahi ʻano hiʻona o ia wale nō kekahi o nā kunu i luna o ka iwi luna, kahi mamao loa kahi ʻē aʻe. Ua hiki i kēia mau iwi ke lōʻihi o 90 cm a me ke kaumaha o 7 kg. ʻO ka nui loa ma ka moana Inia, me ka waiwai nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻano o nā otolites (Otolithes) - croaker kālā (Otolithes argenteus). Noho ka poʻe crra silvery ma ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Komana, ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi he nui mai ka kahawai hikina o ʻApelika, ma ka mokupuni o Pilipi a me nā kapakai o Australia. ʻO kekahi mau ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano he waiwai haʻahaʻa loa, akā naʻe, no ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou ʻai, mahalo ʻia lākou i loko o nā māka iʻa o nā ʻāina āpau.
Ua like like a Morolithes ma ke kūloko o Otolithes, ka genus e noho nui ana i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka moana Atlantika amerika lūlū hui amerika (Cynoscion). Ua manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi e like me kēia ʻano like. Ma waho o ke kahakai hikina o United States mai Nova Scotia a hiki i ke Kaiā o Mexico lanahele hina (Cynoscion regalis), kahi lawaiʻa nui trawl ma ke Komohana Komohana. ʻO kēia mau iʻa nui, a hiki i ka 90 cm lōʻihi a ke kaupaona ana a 9 kg. Ma waho o ke kapakai o ʻAmelika Hema, mai Venezuela a hiki i ʻAmelika, aia kekahi ʻano nui nui e pili ana i ka nui - croaker kiʻi ʻana a i ʻole peskadiliya (Cynoscion striatus), ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka lawaiʻa o Uruguay a me ʻAmelika ma ke Kaiʻāina o La Plata. Loaʻa ka cynoscion ma ka Moana Pakipika. No laila, mai ke kahakai o Kaleponi, nui keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (Cynoscion nobilis).
I ke Kai ʻEiwa, e noho ana kekahi ʻano pili i nā mea croakers stony Otolithoidids (Otolithoides). ʻO kekahi ʻano mea, he keleawe keleawe (Otolithoides biauritus) ʻo ia ka nui o nā pua nui o ka ʻohana croaker. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o 2 m, a ʻo kona paona he 80 kg. Ua like ia me nā "kāpena" ma ke ʻano kino, akā, ʻaʻole e like me lākou, ʻaʻole ia o ka niho o ka fangated i loko o kona mau ʻuhane. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - kotkh (O. brunneus) ʻo ia ke kumu o ka lawaiʻa a ke kai ʻāla e Inikua, he mea waiwai nui, a he mea hou aʻe hoʻi, he mea nui iʻa aku ka nui.
Ma nā wai Lūkia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka Kaiʻula, ua noho nā ʻelele o nā ʻano hanana i kēia manawa Nā hiʻohiʻona (Sciaena) ʻano hanana Nā ʻāpana kālā (Argyrosomus) a me ka genus Umbrina (Umbrina). E pili ana i nā haʻawina ichthyological hou loa a me ka nānā aku i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka wai kula teritial o Ukraine, Russia a me Abkhazia, nā ʻatikala ʻekolu o ka ʻohana Gorbylevy liʻiliʻi e hōʻuluʻulu liʻiliʻi i nā wahi papa o ka laʻalāʻau, he mea paʻakikī ke hopu me ka kōkua o nā ʻāpana hohonu. ʻO nā ʻikepili i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea croakers ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻeleʻele he like ʻole i ka helu, nā ʻano, a me ka makahiki, e pae ana i ka mea i loaʻa i ka liʻiliʻi no ka lawaiʻa. Eia nō hoʻi, i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka lehulehu o ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka nui o ke kūlohelohe o ke kaiāulu, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana hoʻi, i ka ʻĀina ʻĀina, ʻo ka lehulehu o ka pōʻai a me ka pōā (Sciaena umbra) i hoʻomaka i ka hū. ʻElua mau ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Gorbylevy, ʻo ia hoʻi ka croaker kala ʻAmelika (A. regius) a me umber (U. сirrosa), e neʻe iki aku i nā kahakai o Turkey, Adzharia a me Abkhazia i ka Lūkini Lūkini, e hoʻonui ana i ko lākou wahi noho. Eia nō hoʻi, pili i ka Red Book of the Krasnodar Teritori, croaker pōʻeleʻele (S.umbra) a me ka umbra a i ʻole croaker māmā (U. cirrosa) i pāpā ʻia i ka lawaiʻa a loaʻa nā kauā i nā hanana ma ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka lawaiʻa hāmeʻa. I ʻApelila 2010, ʻo ke alakaʻi o AzNIIRKh. Noi ʻia ka Federal Agency for Fisheries and the Azov-Black Sea Territorial Administration, e hoʻololi i ka huaʻōlelo o nā paukū 20.1, 32.1, 37.1, a me 44.1, ke kauoha a ka Federal Agency for Fisheries of September 8, 2008 No. croaker, i mea e hoʻokūkū ai i nā hoʻokūkū no nā poʻe haʻuki submarine. ʻO ka croaker māmā (U. cirrosa), ma ke kumu o ia kauoha like, e waiho mau loa ia no ke lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, a me ka mea pāʻani me ka lei ʻana.
ʻO ka lehulehu ka lehulehu o ka Pōleʻele, ma ka laulā mai Anapa a Adler, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa i ka polū (ʻolika palika) ka nui o ka umber a i ʻole croaker kukui (U. cirrosa), ka mea e alakaʻi ai i kahi ala maʻamau i ka wai pāpaku, ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai nā waha o nā muliwai mauna. E lawe mai i nā kahe wai nāhelehe o nā kahe wai, e lawe mai i nā meaʻai he nui a he nui ka nui o nā koena organik, i kāpae ʻia ma lalo o ka papa o ka Continental, e lilo i mea kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā epibenthos (nā mea ola benthic e noho ana ma lalo o ka pūnaka) a me ka endobenthos (nā mea ola e noho ana i ka lepo). ʻO ka umbrina, he kahakai ʻē aʻe, he iʻa pāpala, ka mea, no ka nui o ka meaʻai ma ka pebble a me nā panika siliki, ʻoi koke ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole like me ke kālā croaker (A. regius), kahi mea e noho ai ka mea noho a me ka poʻe o ka wai pelagic a me ka pōkā kō. umbra), e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai i loko o nā puʻu hohonu, i waena o nā mānoanoa o ka cystozira. Ma ke kauoha no 31 o ke komite o na moku'āina no ka lawaiʻa o 01.29.03 "Ma ke aupuni lawaiʻa ma ke kolamu o Azov-Black Sea", ʻaʻole pili i nā lawaiʻa kā Gorbylev e noho nei ma ka Pōʻī, a ʻo kēlā mau mea liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana hohonu i ka hopu ʻia a ʻO flounder-kalkan, ʻaʻole pinepine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka paʻi puke. Wahi a nā loiloi o nā limahana mai KP Bukhta LLC (kauhale Vesyoloye, Nizhne-Imeretinskaya bay), i loko o ka lawaiʻa a puni ka makahiki no ka holopaka, puna, wai, merlangs a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai a puni Rūma o ke Kaiʻula, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe ʻeleʻele i hala. ʻO ka māmā a me ke kālā a ke kālā i hāʻule i loko o ka ʻupena, e kahi paʻa, i ka hāʻule o Putin. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka paona o ka croaker i hōʻemi mai 1.5-3 kg i 0.300-1.5 kg, e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻemi ikaika o ka ʻohana Gorbylev ma ka wahi o ka lawaiʻa ikaika i ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
Mau kaʻa lau
HNoho ka ʻeleʻele croaker ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika (mai ka Cape Verde a hiki i ka Bay of Biscay), ma ka ʻIle o Black a me Mediterranean. ʻO kēia iʻa ka lōʻihi a hiki i 70 cm, loaʻa kona inoa no kona kala ʻeleʻele. Ma hope o ka croaker heʻeleʻele, e like me ke kānāwai, he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me ke keleawe-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole hue ʻoni, ua mama ka pahu a loaʻa i kahi hue gula. ʻO ka palena palupalu o ka dorsal fin a me ka caudal fin he palena ʻona.
ʻOiai ka pālahalaha ʻana o kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka croaker pōʻeleʻele kahi wahi ākea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi o ka iʻa croaker ka mea maʻamau i ka Moana o Azov a me ka ʻeleʻele. I kā lākou hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka mālamalama a me nā meaʻeleʻele croaker. No kēia kumu, he mea paʻakikī loa ka mea aloha i hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopiliʻia me nā mea croaker māmā a me nā croaker, aia kekahi mau ʻano iʻa o ka waiwai nui pono kūloko.
ʻO ka croaker ʻeleʻele kahi o nā iʻa nani loa e noho ana ma Ke Kai ʻEleʻele; ua loaʻa paha i nā poʻe croaker ko lākou inoa mai hope mai, e like me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka poli ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele maʻamau i ka poli polū me kahi hue gula ākea, ʻelua ma ka caudal fin a ma ka luna dorsal ma luna o ke croaker i kahi palena ʻeleʻele, e ʻoni ana me nā ʻāpana like ʻole i komo ka mālamu i kona kino e kāhea ʻia ai kēia ʻano o ka iʻa o ka Iʻa ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi a nani loa.
Ma ka hohonu o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, mai 10 mau mika a 40, he mau spimens croaker he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mita ka lōʻihi, e noho ʻia e nā kula liʻiliʻi (ʻohana), hū ʻia ka croaker i nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku o lalo, nā kai hoʻopukapuka a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he mea hoihoi no ka croaker e hoʻolako ai iā ia i kahi hale a me nā wahi e noho ai. ʻAi keokeo ʻeleʻele a me kahi keʻokeʻo i ʻai i nā ʻala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me kekahi mau ʻano iʻa like ʻole.
Palima ʻia ka croaker i loko o ka Red Book i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, no laila, ʻaʻole hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa i nā lawaiʻa a nā limahana lawaiʻa e lawaiʻa, akā ke hopu ʻia ke croaker ma ka ʻupena a me nā poʻe lawaiʻa e makemake e kuhi i ka pōkole i ke ahiahi a i ka pō, pololei ma ka neʻe. , aia ma ka honu ʻEleʻele a me ka uhai maoli - he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka wobbler. A laila makemake nui nā mea lawaiʻa i lalo o ka wai e ʻimi iā ia. Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Spearfishing ma waena o nā mea lawaiʻa o lalo o ka wai.
ʻO ka croaker māmā o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ka iʻa o ka ʻohana croaker ma ke Kai Kūleʻa - he māmā iki kona helehelena a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā fins ma luna a ma luna o ka mālamalama - keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike maka i kēlā me kēia o nā chic edged upper and tail fins) a noho ia i loko o nā kūlana ʻokoʻa like - ma nā one one o lalo, ma ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me ke Kai o Azov.
ʻO kahi aniani ākea ākea a me kahi mea pōkole e pili ana i ka chin e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā mea croaker ʻē aʻe. No ka poʻe ʻona o kēia kai ka poʻe i makemake i nā kai. Ua maikaʻi ʻo ia ma luna o nā palulu, ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala papa.
He mau liʻiliʻi ʻenehana ma luna o ka moa o ka iʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa croaker e ke ʻano o kāna dorsal fin, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana i kahi kakaki. ʻO ka luna o luna o ka iʻa fin, e kū aʻe ka croaker ma luna o ka lalo. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā pōpoki, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā mollusks i hoʻokumu i ka meaʻai o ka iʻa. E like me ke kānāwai, ua koho ka iʻa croaker i kahi hohonu a me nā pali i kahi noho no ka noho ʻana.
Loaʻa kekahi mau pākeke ʻo nā pākeke keʻokeʻo i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika a me ke kaumaha o 30 kilograms, e hana ana i kēia mau ʻano ʻano ʻano iʻa ʻaʻa manuʻai i makemake ʻole ia ʻaʻole nā lawaiʻa wale nō, akā, ʻo nā mea pana puaʻi submarine. ʻO ka croaker ʻeleʻele ka iʻa maʻamau i nā wahi ʻona o ka launa o Anapa, e hoʻomaha ana ma nā wahi nani e like me Big Utrish - ʻo kekahi me ke kiʻina i ka pō e hiki ke hoʻāʻo e hopu i kēia kanaka kahakiʻi.
He croaker ka iʻa i loaʻa kahi mea kupaianaha e hoʻokūkū i nā hōʻailona leo nui me ke kōkua o kahi ʻōpū ʻana. ʻO kā lākou hana ola lāʻau ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā poʻe o ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopuka i nā pōpoki, kāhea no ke kōkua, a keu aku. ʻO ka croaker ka iʻa i pili i ka ʻohana o ka inoa like. He ʻano ākea kēia ākea o ka ʻāina a puni ka honua. ʻElua wale o kona mau ʻano he ola i ka wai o ko mākou ʻāina: ʻeleʻele a mama hoʻi. He inoa ʻē aʻe nā lawaiʻa no kēia mea lawaiʻa: grumbler, drummer, umber, meager, melakopia, corvina ...
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ma kēia ʻohana nui ka mea mālama ʻeleʻele. Noho ia ma ka Palauliʻo Black and Mediterranean, a i ka ʻĀina kahakai Atlantika. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa e loaʻa ai he 70 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaupaona awelika ma kahi o 4 kilograms. ʻO ka inoa o nā ʻano ʻano i puka mai i ke kala ʻeleʻele o ke kua, i ʻokoʻa i ka popo uliuli ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole hue keleawe-ʻula. Loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao o ka croaker me kahi ʻāpana gula.
Hoʻohana ākea kēia ʻano iʻa ma ke ʻano, akā i ka hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole ʻia nā kānaka, aia kahi mau wahi i palena ʻole ai ka nui o nā iʻa. Mālama ka mea croaker i ke kahakai, makemake nui i ka jetties, one sandy a me nā ʻū a me nā pali kahe. Hāpai ka paʻila pōkole pīpī e hopu, ʻo ia ke kumu he waiwai nui no ka lawaiʻa make. Hūnā ʻia ka iʻa ma nā puʻu pōhaku, no laila he paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana, he kūʻē kohi ia, ua kuʻi ʻia i loko o nā ana, nā mea ʻaki, ma lalo o nā pōhaku.
Noho kahi papa liʻiliʻi melemele ma ke Kaiʻula. Loaʻa i kāna waiwai nui a me nā waiwai kūʻai. Kē liʻiliʻi iki ʻia o kēia ʻano croaker, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 35 mau kenimika, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino e piʻi ai i 1 kilogram. Lawe ʻia nā lawaiʻa kūʻai ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻū paʻa paʻa a me nā ʻeke.
Ma ka moana Iniana a me ke kai o Kina Hema, ola kekahi mau ʻano - croaker ʻulaʻula. ʻO kona lōʻihi e hiki i ka 90 kenimika, a kaupaona ke kīpē mai ka 6 a 7 mau kilogram. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona hoʻonaninani mua loa ʻo ka hele ʻana ma ka iwi o luna o ka croaker hoʻokahi wale nō o nā canine e pili ana i kahi mamao.
Ma ke kahakai kahiki o Sepania, Pokukala a me Maroko, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻike lohi o ka luku ʻaeto. Aia ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi ma waena o 1-1,5 mika (ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hihia e hopu ai i kahi kanaka 2 mika lōʻihi. Noho ke ʻōpiopio hele i kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema. Ma Uruguay a me La Plata Bay, loaʻa i ka paʻahana kekeke.
Kahi mea, ma kahi manaʻo, ʻo ka croaker kālā. Loaʻa ia ma nā hohonu hohonu (ma kahi o 300 mau mika), kahi e wehe ai i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kona ʻohana. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai Komohana Komohana, ma loko o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ua pālahalaha kēia ʻano croaker ma kahakai o ka mokupuni ʻo Filipina, mai ke kahakai o Australia a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻApelika. Mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻiʻo kālā croaker ma ka mākeke iʻa o ke ao no kona ʻano kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka thermophilic ka iʻa croaker, ke hele mai ke anuanu, hele i kahi hohonu mai ke kahakai. ʻO kekahi waiwai kupaianaha ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokau i nā hōʻailona kani ikaika e hoʻohana ana i ka pahi ʻauʻau. ʻO ka hana maoli o kēia mau kani ka mea e huki ai i nā kāne o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e hoʻopuka i nā laka.Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kēia mau leo me ka ʻole o nā loea kūikawā, e ka leʻa wale i kou poʻo i ka wai.
Hāʻawi nā Cuisines i nā lāhui he nui, ʻo ia loa i Mediterranean, i nā kīʻaha croaker ma kā lākou menus. Kela ʻia ia i loko o ka umu a palau ʻia. I ko mākou'āina, e kauoha i nā gourmets stew me nā mea kanu a i ʻole ka pepeiao croaker. Lawelawe ʻo Peruvians i ceviche mai loko mai - ua kuke ʻia ka iʻa me nā lemona Peruvian, chili sili a me nā ʻulaʻula. Ma kahi kīʻai Korea, ua kī ʻia ka pā i kapa ʻia ʻo “heh” - ʻo ia kahi pānaʻi o nā iʻa ʻoki i ʻoki ʻia, me ka croaker. E like me ka hoʻāʻo a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, hiki i ka croaker ke ʻano o ka mea nui no ka dorada Mediterranean. No laila, hiki iā ia ke kuke iā ia ma ke ʻano like me ka kuke ʻana ai a kuke ai i kahi croaker ʻeleʻele i loko o ka sao keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa ika ke waiwai i nā momona momona saturated a me nā protein. Lā nā mea hua micro a me nā macro, potasi (e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā kaʻina electrochemical ma loko o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū o ka naʻau), ka phosphorus (kuleana no ka kūpaʻa a me ka ikaika o ka iwi iwi), ke keleawe (e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ke koko ma ke kūlana maikaʻi loa.
Kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka metabolism). I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka kīʻaha i loaʻa ka calcium, magnesium, sodium a me ka selenium.
ʻO ka iʻa croaker (Pareques acuminatus), e like me ka ka papaʻepekema ʻepekema, nona nā ʻohana Gorbylev, nona ka 275 mau ʻano. Ma kahi o ka inoa ʻepekema a me ka inoa inoa inoa, ʻo croaker i kapa pinepine ʻia i kahi pahu pahu, meager, melakopia, a me ka grumbler a corvina paha. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻohana Gorbylev e pili ana i nā ʻano he nui, ʻelua wale nō nā mākele i pālahalaha i kā mākou latin - he mauʻeleʻele a he croaker māmā.
He mea kūpono ia e hiki ai i ka hiki i kahi iʻa ke hoʻopuka mai i nā ʻano kani ikaika e ka wahi ʻuki wai e kūpaʻa ai e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano nui o ka iʻa i lilo ai i kahi croaker. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke kapa i kahi ʻano o ka ʻōlelo i kamaʻilio ʻia e ka iʻa croaker me kekahi. Loaʻa ka iʻa croaker me ka palatability kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea momona. Ma nā ʻāina āpau kahi e ʻohi ʻia ai ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia ka croaker kahi mea ʻike maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa palaoa, kālua ʻia, ʻomo pū kekahi, maloʻo a paʻakai ʻia hoʻi. I loko o kā mākou latina, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i nā croaker i ka iʻa i loko o ka hoʻohiki.
Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia e pili ana ka croaker iʻa ʻona i loko o kāna ʻano mea kanu ʻenehana, kahi i helu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea i kapa ʻia he pūhui koʻikoʻi. Mai kahiʻike olakino, ʻo ka papa ʻaina holinuhina maikaʻi loa ka hānai, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka croaker iʻa.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO nā wai o ka Pōʻele, ua hoʻomaka ka croaker i ke kauwela. E like me ke kānāwai, hoʻomaka kēia manawa i ka waena o Iune a lawe ʻia i ka hopena o ʻAukake. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻomohu ʻia ka wai ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe he 19 kiʻekiʻe Aim. Kahi mau nā ʻāpana kai o ke kai i koho ʻia no ka spawning. ʻO ke kala o ka wahine pili i kona nui. Loaʻa nā awelika ma mua o 6 tausani mau hua. Akā, hiki i kēlā mau kānaka ke hele mai i hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻū ʻia ma mua o 513 tausani huaole. ʻO ka kumu, hele ke kaʻina hana i ka pō.
He māmā a maʻa ka huki Gorbylya, e kōkua ana i ke kauwela āpau e ʻauʻau i ka hua ma ke kahakai o ka heʻe o ka wai. Hoʻokomo nui nā ʻōle Lobster ma hope o ka hatching. Aia ma ka lā 4 e hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka meaʻai o waho. Makemake nā croaker ʻōpio e hōʻiliʻili i nā hipa, kahi e holo ai ma ke kahakai. Hiki i nā ʻōpili ke hele i loko o nā ʻukā a me nā uku. He nui nā inoa hoihoi o kēia iʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka pahu pahu, mewi, melakopia, ʻōkua a me ka corvina. He ʻono loa nā iʻa a me nā iʻa, nā mahalo no kahi e noho ai i ka wahi hope loa i ka lawaiʻa.
Kāne
ʻO nā mea ʻenehana kaulana loa ka croaker pōʻeleʻele, e noho ana ma ka Black and the Sea Seas. ʻO ka nui loa o ka pākeke he 70-80 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana he 4 kg wale nō. I ke kiʻi o ka mea croaker, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka pa maka kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka ʻaoʻao nui a hoʻohālikelike i kahi kikoʻī - ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona nui e kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka croaker māmā e kekahi mau antena lōʻihi, aia aia ma ka iwi ʻeha. A nui pū kekahi i ka nui, ka ʻike a hiki i ka 1 m ʻo ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaʻa - mai 30 a 40 40 kg.
Hoʻohālike ka ʻano o ke kino - elongated, hoʻopiʻi iki ʻia, inā ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻaoʻao. Ua like ke poʻo me ka pahn o ka manu nui, kū ka waha i ka ʻōpū i ka ʻōpū. ʻĀkala ka huelo, ʻaʻohe kakalaha.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka croaker ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa.
He ʻōkuhi keʻokeʻo ka mea croaker e holo ana i ka nalu, no laila i ka lā e e kupu ai ka nui o ka iʻa a hoʻomālamalama. I loko o ka waiʻeleʻele, i ka nui o ka caudal kahi ʻano cailal iki, he ʻano ka nui o ka iʻa, aia hoʻi ka ʻōuli koi ma ke kua, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokaʻawale mai ka mea nui. ʻĀnō ke kala o ka ʻāpana.
Noho kahi e noho ai
ʻO nā mea croaker i ke Kai ʻEleʻele. E kamaʻilio mau nā lawaiʻa akamai e pili ana i nā kahakai o Anapa, kahi i ʻike pinepine ʻia ai nā ʻano ʻeleʻele. Eia naʻe, ma muli o nā kūlana kime, he mau ʻāpana kālā ka iʻa. ʻĀhinahina nā pua.
Makemake nā iʻa i kahi wahi - nā kahakai kaila. Noho ia ma kahi hohonu o 3 mau mika, e hūnā pinepine i nā ana liʻiliʻi. Noho ka iʻa ma nā kula liʻiliʻi, e ʻai ana i nā ʻōpī a me nā ʻōpū ʻulaʻula.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa i ka croaker ma kekahi kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa. I ʻEnelani, ua lawe ʻia ka inoa ʻo Crocker, kahi e unuhi ai i ka ʻuwā ʻana a i ʻole croaking. Ma ke ala, hoʻokele aku ke kani e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻāpana ʻauʻau.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Ke huakaʻi nei i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻike ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi he nui i nā māka iʻa a i nā hale ʻaina like me ka croaker Anapa. Loaʻa nā ʻano o nā iʻa croaker ma kahi o ke Kai ʻEleʻele; ua hopu ʻia kēia iʻa ma nā kūlanakauhale kahakai āpau a puni ka honua. Crocker, ua kiʻi kēia inoa i nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe. I nā croaker croaker pākiko, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū o ka lewa. Ma muli o kāna waiwai, hiki i ka mea croaker ke kani i nā kani e like me nā kani quacking, e kipa: "croc-croc". No kahi kūlana leo kūʻokoʻa, loaʻa ka iʻa ma ka inoa inoa "Crocker". Eia nō hoʻi ka ʻōlelo Pelekane croak - hiki iā ʻoe ke unuhi i ka wheezing, croaking a i ʻole croaking.
Aia ma Anapa e ʻike ai
ʻO ka croaker ma Anapa ka iʻa nunui iʻa. I kekahi manawa ke hele mai ka poʻe lawaiʻa kūloko i ke kikowaena o nā lawaiʻa a laila hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā iʻa makaʻala ma nā mākeke Anapa. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka ʻiʻo Gorbylya o kekahi o nā ʻaka kūloko. ʻIke ʻia nā poʻe lawaiʻa moana e croaker i kahi trope kūpono. No laila, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa kaulana i ka mea kuke o nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻo Anapa.