ʻO ka bear ka mea nui i ka honua ma mua o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka liona a me ka tiger. Ua hele ʻo ka holoholona nei i ka Honua ma kahi o 5 miliona mau makahiki, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e kiʻi i kahi ʻaka i ke kūlana o kekahi o nā pōʻino loa. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka pae o 1,2 a 3 mika, a ua like ka nui o ka nui mai 40 kg a hoʻokahi ton. Loaʻa i nā Bears kahi kino lehulehu, nā lei ʻāno a me ke poʻo ākea nui.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka mea predator i nā ʻāʻī ikaika e kōkua i ka huki i kekahi meaʻai. Aia nā nunui nā manu ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā niho mua. Ke neʻe nei ka holoholona i nā wāwae hina.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka lawena ma ka ululāʻau, akā kau maikaʻi pū kekahi. Hiki i kekahi ʻano holoholona ke hele i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka wai. A aia ke keʻokeʻo i nā membranes i kona mau wāwae, e ʻae ʻo ia e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Piʻi ka holoholona i nā lāʻau, piʻi i luna maoli i kahi kekona. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e alualu iā ia, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hopu i nā wahi āpau.

ʻO ka lohe a me ka hihiʻo o nā bea ua ulu maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka honi. Hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻono aku i kahi ʻala a nāwaliwali hoʻi a hoʻoholo i ke ala e hele mai ai. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma nā lewa.

Hōʻike i nā luila o ka bea

Kahi ka lehelehe o ka hulu o kahi bea i kona ʻano. Hiki iā ia keʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo. Hoʻoholo ʻia hoʻi ka ʻili o ka ʻili e kēia ʻāpana. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo ka ʻeleʻele ma lalo o ka lole. Kōkua kēia i ka loaʻa o ka mahana mai ka lā i nā climates anuanu. I ka brown, he hina. I kekahi manawa ke hele mai kahi maʻi luhi ma nā bea, no ka mea, ua aneane ʻole ka lauoho ma ke kino. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa e pili ana i kēia manaʻo, ʻo ia ka wahine Dolores, e noho ana ma Leipzig Zoo.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka brown bear

ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ke kino o ka ʻāpana brown brown he 1-2 mika, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe e hiki i ka 1 mika, ʻo kona paona ma ka laulā 300-400 kg. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki i nā subspecies ke loli nui i ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ke kaumaha, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.

He kino ikaika ke ʻano nā polaka brown, kahi maloʻo kiʻekiʻe, ke poʻo nui, nā pepeiao a me nā maka. He pōkole ka huelo, mai ka 65 a 210 mm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole kūlohelohe mai ka hulu. Maʻa ikaika nā mea, ikaika nā claws, ʻaʻole retractable, 8-10 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka bear ka holoholona ʻelima mau lima lima, a me ka hele. ʻO ka mānoanoa ka hulu, keʻokeʻo.

ʻAno like ka kala i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka huluhulu mai nā mālamalama māmā a i nā aniani ākea. ʻO ka kala maʻamau ka maʻamau maʻamau. Aia nā wahi kukui ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma mau wahi o nā cubs e nalowale ana e ulu a nui nā holoholona. ʻO ka ʻakaʻaka ʻolua mau poli i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona momona brown Brown

ʻO nā holoholona ʻoniʻoni nā lau ʻoniʻona, akā no ka hapa nui ua ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai kanu: nā huaʻa, nā huaʻalāʻau, nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā aʻa, nā kūmato a me nā hua nahele. Inā i hiki i ka makahiki i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o nā hua waina, a ma ke ʻākau o ka awilana e huli ana nā mau pua i nā mea kanu huaʻai, a ma ka hema - ka palaoa, kipa ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka Far East i nā ulu lāʻau kedera. Eia kekahi, ʻai nā bears brown i nā mea make (nā kime, nā pōpoki), nā pōpiki, nā mea palaka, nā baki, nā rodents (nā mice, nā marmots, nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāina, nā chipmunks) a me ka iʻa. I ke kauwela, he hapakolu o nā meaʻai bear i nā pepeke a me kā lākou. He ʻano iki ʻole ka ʻili o nā brown e like me ka poʻe e hānai ana, a ma waena o kā lākou ʻaihue, he mau holoholona ungulate ʻole e like me ka roe deer, fallow deer, elk, deer, caribou (mau ʻū e maʻa pinepine i ka wā ma mua o ka wā e waiho ai lākou i kā lākou hānau ʻana, a nui nō hoʻi nā mea kanu lāʻau).

He meli ka launa ʻana o ka brown brown, ʻai lākou i ka pauku, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ko lākou nui, lawe lākou i ka waiwai mai ka wolf, Cougar a me ka tiger. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i kā lākou meaʻai kā iʻa i ka wā o ka spawning.

Palapala aku nā brown bear

Ma mua, ua maʻamau nā bears brown i loko o ʻEulopa, e komo pū ma ʻEnelani a me ʻIlani (nā bears Atlas), a ma ka hikina ma Siberia a me Kina a hiki i Iapana. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua noho ʻia lākou mai Alaska a ʻĀpana ākea.

I kēia mau lā, ua pau kēia holoholona o ka hapa o ka laha, a ua lilo i mea liʻiliʻi. Ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, noho nā poʻe o nā kānaka noho i nā Pyrenees, ma nā mauna Cantabrian, nā Alps a me nā Apennines. Loaʻa nā bea brown i Scandinavia a me Finlandia, ma Central Europe a me nā Carpathians. Ma Asia, noho lākou ma Asia Minor, Palesetina, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Iraq a me Iran, i ka ʻākau o Kina a me Penina Korea, ma Iapana ma ka mokupuni o Hokkaido. ʻO ka ana o ka bea brown ma Rūsia ʻo ia ke kaʻe puni lāʻau āpau, koe wale nō ia nā wahi hema. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, mau ka grizzlies i Alaska a me Kanada.

Nā subspecies bear brown

• ʻO S bearian brown bear (Ursus arctos collaris) - kaʻana iā Siberia ma ka hikina o ka Yenisei, a i ka ʻĀina hoʻi o Kina a ma ka palena o ka Hikina Hikina.

• ʻO Gobi brown bear a mazalai (Ursus arctos gobiensis) he kanaka noho o ka waoʻo Gobi ma Mongolia. Aia ia i ke kūlana o "ka maikaʻi loa" a ke pilikia paha e hoʻopau.

• ʻO Grizzlies - ʻo ia ka inoa o nā subspecies o ka American bear, e noho nui ana ma Alaska, nā mokupuni e pili ana a me ke komohana o Kanada. Ke noho nei kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi ma United States.

• ʻO Tien Shan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) - loaʻa i nā kuahiwi o Pamirs, Tien Shan a me nā Himalaya. He liʻiliʻi ia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā subspecies ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kona hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano ka lōʻihi, nā ʻāpana kukui ke ana i nā wāwae mua.

• Kodiak (Ursus arctos middendorffi) - ua māhele ʻia ma ka mokupuni o Kodiak e kokoke ana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Alaska. Nā kikowaena nui.

• ʻO ka beareth brown bear a i ka bearle bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) kahi kamaʻāina o ka hikina o ka laʻu o Tibetan. ʻO kekahi subspecies kaulana loa.

ʻOlene ke kala ʻana

ʻO nā ʻanaka brown he holoholona holoholona. Ma Lūkini, makemake lākou i nā nahele ulu me nā mānoanoa paʻa o ka lāʻau deciduous, nā lāʻau a me nā mauʻu no ke ola, komo lākou i ka tundra, a me nā nahele mauna kiʻekiʻe. I ʻEulopa ke noho nei lākou ma nā kuahiwi mauna, ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - i nā tundra, ma nā ʻāpana alpine a kokoke i nā mokuna.

Noho hoʻokahi wale nō nā kāne, a noho nā wahine me nā cubs o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole. He teritori ka holoholona, ​​noho ana kā lākou mau poloki i ka wahi o 73-414 km², i nā kāne ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. Hōʻike ka ʻōhapa i nā palena o ka pā me nā hōʻailona ʻala a me nā "badasses", ʻo ia hoʻi, e hana ʻoki i nā lāʻau. Hiki i nā mea hoʻolilo i nā wā ma nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka pī e brown i ka lā a pau, akā ʻo ka mea nui - i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi.

I ke ola o kēia mau mea hoʻolaha, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka cyclicality ʻano. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nā bea i ka momona subcutaneous (a i ka 180 kg), i ka hāʻule i hāʻule ai lākou i nā ana, aia nā wahi maloʻo, i loko o nā puʻu ma lalo o kahi makani a i lalo paha o nā aʻa lāʻau. Kūʻai kekahi i nā ʻōpala i ka honua a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ana a me nā ʻoki ma nā pōhaku. ʻO ke kānāwai, hele nā ​​bears i nā wahi hoʻoilo hoʻoilo mai kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā hānau, ma muli o ka ʻāina o ka holoholona holoholona, ​​ʻo 75-195 mau lā (mai Okakopa-Nowemapa a Malaki-ʻApelila, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o ʻeono mahina). ʻO ka lōʻihi e noho ai i nā hale o ka wahine hoʻoili me nā mania, hele aku nā ʻelemakule i mua o nā kānaka a pau. I ka hema o ka lehelehe, i ka hau hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka hibernation no nā bear brown, akā hōʻiliʻili pū lākou i kahi momona momona, ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ka bear i kahi 80 kg o ka momona.

ʻAʻole hohonu ka hoʻoilo o nā hoʻoilo brown, ʻo kā lākou kino kino i kēia manawa he 29-34 tikelika. I ka hihia, hiki i ka holoholona ke ala koke a haʻalele i ka lua, a hele i ka ʻimi i kahi hou. Inā ʻaʻole i lau ka oso i ka momona momona, a laila hiki iā ia ke ala i ke kikowaena o ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomaka e hele a puni i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai (i loko o ia mau mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano pili lāʻau). ʻO ke koʻokoʻo lāʻau koʻikoʻi loa, no ka mea, ma muli o ka pōloli, e lilo nō ia i ka mea nāna e aloha a hana hoʻi i ka poʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā mau urina i kahi manawa e kali ai no ka pūnāwai.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka bear brown, hiki ke holo wikiwiki a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 50 a km / h, kauʻau a piʻi ke piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, keu i ka wā ʻōpio. Hoʻokahi ke kī ʻana mai nā wāwae o ka waʻa i haki ʻia i ka pōkole o ke pua, a i ʻole elk.

Kāleka brown brown

Hānau ʻia nā wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo 2-4 mau makahiki. Ke kū nei ko lākou estrus i Mei a mau i Iulai, 10-30 mau lā. Ma kēia manawa ʻo ka lohi ʻana o ke kāne ma ke ʻano nui, e hakakā ana nā hakakā ma waena o lāua.

Hoʻomaka ka hāpai ʻana i ka wā kikowaena, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ka ʻili i mua o Nowemapa. I ka huina, ua mau aku ʻo 190-200 lā. Hānau ʻia nā keruba ma nā wahi ma Ianuali-Pepeluali. I ka litter of a bear, kahi awelika o 2-3 (maximum 5) mau pēpē o ke kaupaona ʻana ma ke 500-600 g, he 23 cm ka lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia me ka hulu manuahi, makapō, kuli. Holo nā pepeiao i nā makahiki he 2 o nā hebedoma, a i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope aʻe e ʻike nā maka. I nā mahina 3, loaʻa i nā ʻāpana he mau wai piha o nā waiū waiū, a ua ʻai wale lākou i nā huaʻa, nā greens a me nā mea hihiu me ka ikaika a me ka mea nui. ʻO ka paona o kēia manawa, ua hiki ke 15 kg, a i loko o ka hapalua o ka makahiki ua 25 kg. 4 mau mahina ka hānai ʻai. Na ka mahele hope aʻe e hāʻawi i ka bea ma hope wale nō o hoʻokahi makahiki.

ʻAʻole komo ke kuikahi i ka hānai ʻana o nā cub (a hiki i ka pilikia paha no lākou), no laila ke komo pū ka makuahine i nā pēpē. Hiki i nā ʻōpio kahiko ke kōkua i ka wahine e hoʻāla i ka muli loa. Ma ka hope loa, ua haʻalele nā ​​cubs i ko lākou makuahine i 3 makahiki. Hele wale kā lākou heleʻike i kēia manawa, akā ulu lākou a hiki i 10-11 mau makahiki. Loaʻa ka ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe mai 20 a 30 mau makahiki, i ka pio he 47-50 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi bea brown

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bea brown e like me ka mea e weliweli e ka List Red IUCN, akā ʻano like ko lākou helu ma waena o nā heluna. I kēia lā, aia ma kahi o 200,000 mau kānaka o ka honua. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e noho ana ma Rusia (120,000), ma kahi o 32,500 e noho ana ma ʻAmelika, a he 21,750 ma Kanada ka helu ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka 14,000.

ʻO nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka bear brown:

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻili o nā hāmele ʻulaʻula i ka hana ʻana i nā kalapu, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo i meaʻai. Hoʻohana ka puna weli i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka moʻomeheu Asia. Hāpai ʻia nā waiwai e lawe ai i ka momona.
• Ma kekahi mau wahi, hōʻeha nā brown brown i nā mea kanu, hoʻopau i nā apiaries a hoʻouka i nā holoholona home. A ʻoiai ʻuʻu ʻia kā lākou lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi, hopu ʻia no kēia ʻano holoholona i nā ʻāina o nā wahi he nui i ʻāpono ʻia a i ʻole ʻae ʻia paha. Eia kekahi, pōpilikia loa kēlā mau hopu, e pono ai i ka mea kaua me ka mana hoʻokū kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo ka huki ʻana no ka bea brown me kahi pu kaua ʻo Kalashnikov e hiki ai i ka make o ka mea hopu, no ka mea hiki i ka bear ke hāpai iā ia a hiki ma hope o ka huli ʻana ma kahi kikoʻina.
• ʻO ka hālāwai me nā bea brown i ka hihiu hiki ke make (ʻoi aku me ka wahine me nā cubs a me nā koʻokoʻo i puka mai i ka wā hānau). Akā maʻa mau ka bea brown e pale aku i nā hālāwai me ka poʻe.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO nā ʻano āpau āpau ke ʻano. Ke keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, hiki iā ia ke hele a me ka noho ʻana i nā wahi hou. Noho pū nā bears me nā cubs i ko lākou haku i ka honua a puni. Mālama ʻia nā kāne pākahi ma kēlā me kēia a noho i kekahi wahi. Inā noho kekahi kanaka ma ka ulu lāʻau hoʻokahi, a laila mahalo kekahi i kēlā me nā palena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻimi like wale ma kona ʻāina ponoʻī.

Iloko o ka la, e hele ana ka bea ma kona wahi a imi i ka ai. Ke loaʻa nei ka nui o ka meaʻai, ke hoʻi hou nei ka mea predator i ka lua - nui kahi lua i ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo. I laila ʻo ia e moe ai a hoʻomaha. E kokoke ana i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka holoholona e ʻai i nā meaʻai i loko o ka nui e loaʻa ai ke kaumaha. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e hānau ʻo ia, a hana kāna kino ma muli o ka momona, ka nui o ka hiki a hiki i 200 kg. He lawa kēia i loko o kahi kūlana paʻa i ke ʻano he mau mahina no ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ke olakino.

ʻAlaʻai, he aha ka bear e ʻai ai?

Hoʻopili pololei ka ʻōpiopio i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni a hiki iā ia ke ʻai i kahi ʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua ʻelua a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau, a me nā holoholona like ʻole: nā ʻalē, ka moose, ke kō a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona. Hiki i nā poʻe kū hoʻokahi e noho kokoke i nā wai wai ke komo iā lākou a me ka iʻa. ʻO ka bear ke hopena maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hopu i kekahi mea wikiwiki, ma lalo o ka wai.

ʻO ka holoholona nui ka mea ʻono. Ma muli o ia, ua hele pinepine ʻo ia i nā hives o nā pi me ka ʻaʻai i ka meli. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ke kapa ʻalani a me ka ʻāwili palupalu ʻo ia ʻo nā pōpoki manuā.

ʻO kaʻai ʻana o kekahi ʻano kūikawā i kau ʻia i ka noho. ʻO ka bear polar, e noho ana i kahi anu anu, e ʻai i nā mea ola wale, no ka mea ʻaʻole ulu ulu nā hua a me nā lāʻau i kēia mau ʻāina. A hiki ka Himalayan ke leʻaleʻa i nā pepeke a me nā baki, no ka mea he maʻalahi lākou a waiwai hoʻi i kēia mau ʻāina.

Apana - kahi e noho ai ka bea

Noho ka hapa nui o nā bea i nā ulu lāʻau, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā pāpū, nā mauna, a me nā wahi o kahakai. Kahele ʻia ka holoholona ma Eurasia, ʻAmelika, ʻo ka Arctic a me ʻApelika. Eia kekahi nō kekahi noho ʻana ma Iapana, Australia.

Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka holoholona i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā ia ke noho i nā kime wela a i ke anu paha, hoʻohana i nā lair, nā ʻāpana a me nā ana o ka pōhaku ma kahi moe.

Ehia mau bea e ola ai - i ka wao a a i nā zoos

Ke ulu a ulu a ulu ka bears no kekahi manawa e nā ʻano holoholona. Hiki lākou i ka wā kahiko ma nā makahiki 4-6 wale nō, a hope ka hopena o ko lākou kino e hana wale ma 10-11. I kēia manawa hana, loaʻa iā lākou ke kaumaha a ulu.

I ka nohona kūlohelohe, nui nā ʻano he nui e noho ana ma ka 27-30 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, hiki paha i ka bear ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kūlana ʻino e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i kēia manawa.

I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, me ka mālama pono, ola lōʻihi ka holoholona: a hiki i 45 mau makahiki. Ke noho nei i kahi kī liʻiliʻi a i kahi mālama a lākou e mālama ai iā ia, ʻaʻole pono ka bear a hele i ka hopu, hoʻopiha i ke kino me nā huakaʻi lōʻihi a hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe e hōʻino ai i kona kino. Wahi a ia, loaʻa i nā holoholona ke hoʻomohala a hoʻomohala a ʻaʻole ʻino i ko lākou olakino.

Hoʻomaka

I ka wā hoʻoilo, nā bea, ke manaʻo nei i ke kokoke o ke anuanu, hoʻomaka ka ʻai i nā mea āpau a lākou e hui ai i ko lākou ala Pono kēia i mea e loaʻa ai ka paona he nui, no ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola i ka wā o ka wā hānau. ʻAi kekahi mau ʻeke a hiki i ka 200 kg ma mua o ke kau ʻana i ka animated.

ʻAʻole hōʻeha ka mea momona koʻikoʻi, a hoʻāʻo kekahi kanaka e ʻai ma mua o ka mea pono. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, inā ʻaʻole lawa nā mālama o ke kino no ka hoʻoilo holoʻokoʻa, e ala mua ka bea ma mua o ka manawa. ʻAʻohe ona mea koho akā e haʻalele iā ka lua a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Akā i ka wā e uhi ʻia nā mea āpau me ka hau, ua paʻakikī loa ia no ka holoholona e hoʻoponopono koke a hāʻawi iā ia iho me nā mea āpau e pono ai. Eia nō kekahi, ʻaʻole e hiamoe nā moe kolohe i kekahi manawa kūpono ʻole. A laila e ola lākou mai ka lā mua o ka hoʻoilo, a pinepine ʻaʻole i kūleʻa.

Hānau ʻia ʻo ka hānau hānau ʻana ma kahi o 200 mau lā. I loko o kēia manawa, ke noho nei ka holoholona ma kahi o ka hoʻokuʻu animale. ʻAʻole ia e neʻe, ʻaʻole ʻai, akā hiamoe wale. I ka manawa like, hoʻolōʻihi ka hana i loko o kona kino e 55%. Hōʻalo ka puʻuwai manu i 8 beats i hoʻokahi minuke, ma kahi o 50-55 maʻamau. I kēia moku'āina, hiki i ka holoholona ke noho a hiki mau nā waiwai kūloko o ke kino.