Kuki-grouse - nā ʻano manu ākea nona ka ʻohana pheasant, kauoha i ka moa.

Hoʻokūkū kēia manu nui i kahi ʻano ulu i kāna ʻano. Hoʻonoho ka hale ʻeleʻele i kona wahi i nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā wāwae, a me nā wahi ala. Loaʻa ia ma Eurasia, nui loa ma Rusia. Loaʻa ka manu nei ma nā moku Kina ʻākau-komohana, ma ke komohana o Mongolia a ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Kazakhstan.

Noho nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao Beritania a ma Scandinavia. I ʻEulopa, e noho nei ke kaila ʻeleʻele i ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina, koe wale nō ʻo Caucasus. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi ʻākau o Ukraine, ma nā mokuʻo Baltic, Belarus, Germany a me Polani.

Kahu-kulu (Lyrurus tetrix).

ʻO ke helehelena o kahi mākaukau ʻeleʻele

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne, he 40-45 cm ka lōʻihi, a me ke paona o 750 a 1100 gram.

Hōʻike ka hōʻailona o ke lōʻihi o ka kāne mai ka 49 a hiki i 58 cm, ua kaumaha ke kaumaha mai ka 1 a hiki i 1,4 kg. Ke waiho nei i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage o nā kāne a me nā wahine, i hōʻike ʻia ka moekolohe dimorphism.

ʻO nā males he wahi kīkaha ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi kākā poni a ʻulaʻula a i ka poʻo a me ka ʻā'ī. Ma luna o nā maka he mau ʻulaʻula ulaula, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae, a ʻeleʻele ka beak. Ke keʻokeʻo a ka plumage ma ka hana ma lalo o nā ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele ka manu ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu hulu, ʻeleʻele ka hulu i ka hulu-ʻulaʻula. Aia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā hulu o ka hulu, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā poni". ʻO ka lohi nui o nā hulu ʻili e nani a lihi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao a ma ke ʻano, ua like ka huʻu manuahi me kahi mea kani mele kahiko.

Kahu-aikane - kahi manu ulu me ka plumage hoʻohālike e hōʻike.

ʻO nā wahine o kēia ʻano mea i kapa ʻia nā teters. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi palahele kala, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻula me ka hōkū lau o ke kaila ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā melemeleʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole hōʻike nui ʻia nā koʻokoʻo ma luna o nā maka, ʻaʻole e like me ka lika a ʻoi aku ka pōpoki ma mua o nā kāne.

He ʻōmole ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kīpili, e like me ka plumage o nā wahine, ʻano o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻoniʻoni, ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻala.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hoʻomaka ka wā huna ma ka pūnāwai. Me nā haʻalulu mahana mua o ka lā i ka lā Malaki, hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻohi i nā mea i kapa ʻia nā "currents" - nā kihi o ka ulu lāʻau a me nā kahe. Noho lākou a noho i lalo ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomākeʻaka, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pāʻani pili. I ka lā mua o ʻApelila, e hana ana ka hana ma luna o nā wai i kona hanohano a pau. Hoʻokani nui nā mele a ʻoi aku ka ʻohana a me nā lāʻau mai nā lāʻau i kahi puʻu i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Hana maikaʻi kā lākou, ʻekepeke, mutter, holo ma hope o kēlā me kēia, a hōʻiliʻili nā manu manu 10-15. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻaina huki e nā ʻano maikaʻi o ka wā, akā inā hoʻomaikaʻi ke ʻano, hoʻomaka hou nā pāʻani hoʻokūkū.

ʻAʻole e komo nā mākaʻi ʻeleʻele kāne i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.

Hoʻomaka, hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine i ka hala a me nā kāne no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hakakā. Mālama loa kēia mau kaua i nā manu a hoʻohālikelike i nā moa. Hōʻalulu nā manu monogamous, hoʻokahi kāne i loaʻa i nā wahine. Ua loaʻa ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia kāne i kona kumuhua i nā holoholona, ​​i mālama ʻia e ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ua pau ka hana o nā manu kāne ma ka hānau ʻana ma hope o ka moe ʻana - ʻaʻole lākou i komo i ka incubation masonry a i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.

Hoʻokahi nā wahine i kā lākou honu ma kahi o kēia manawa, ma kahi mamao o 1 km. ʻO ka nīnū ka lua pāpū i uhi ʻia i ka mauʻu a me ka hulu. ʻO ke anawaena o ka pūnana he 180-200 mm. Hana ʻo Teterki e hana i ka nalo i ʻike ʻia a hoʻonohonoho iā ia i loko o kahi lāʻau.

Mālama nā wahine wahine i ka 5 a 13 mau huaʻai a hoʻoiho iā lākou no 24-25 mau lā. Inā no kekahi kumu, make ka pipi, hana hou ka wahine i mea i loaʻa ai ka hapalua o nā hua he nui.I ka waena a i ʻole i ka hopena o Iune, e kū mai nā keiki moa. ʻO kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana a ma nā wahi a pau nā mea hahai i ka hen. Ma kahi pō maloʻo, hū ka makuahine i ka ʻōpala ma lalo o nā ʻēheu, e hoʻomoʻa ana i ka hua.

ʻO ka manawa pōpilikia loa no nā pēpē he 10 mau lā mua o ke ola. I kēia mau manawa āpau, kahi wahine hānai mālama e ʻokoʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā moa, hoʻolohe pono ana i nā leo o ka nahele. Ke kūpaʻa ka mea nāna e hopu i ka wahine, e hōʻeha ʻia ka wahine a hoʻowalewale i ka pōʻino mai ka papa. Ke ʻoki nui nei ʻo ia a holo ʻoi aku me kona mau ʻēheu e hohola. Ke hoʻolohe nei i ka uē ʻana a ka makuahine, ʻo ka lūlū ʻana o ke kuahiwi i nā ʻaoʻao, huna i ka mauʻu a kū me ka leo ʻole. Ka lalau ʻana i ka mea i ʻō i ka ʻaoʻao, i kahi mamao o ka brood, lele koke ʻo teterio i luna a hele i kāna mau moa.

Kūleʻa nui nā keiki a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule ua hoʻomaka e ulu maikaʻi. Ua lilo lākou i elele i hoʻokahi mahina. Haʻalele nā ​​manu ʻōpio i ko lākou makuahine me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā lohi, a noho mau nā wāhine i ka hoʻoilo me ia. Ke ulu a ulu a lākou i nā kāne, nā kāne, i like like me ko lākou makuahine, hoʻololi i kā lākou plumage. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope iho, ua hoʻohālikelike ka ʻeleʻele i ke kala o nā hulu.

ʻO ka mākeke-grice ka mea nui ma ka manu ʻoihana.

I ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā kāne i ke ola kūʻokoʻa, lilo ka lōʻihi o kā lākou ʻili a loaʻa i kahi ʻano kani. Noho ka hale aliʻi i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe no kahi o 11-13 mau makahiki a alakaʻi i kahi kūlana noho maikaʻi a nomadic.

ʻO ka ʻōhumu a me nā pono

ʻO ka papaʻaina o ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele i aneane piha ke ʻano o nā mea kanu meaʻai. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻano lāʻau: lingonberry leaf, blueberry and clover leaf, palaoa, millet, birch kunc, larch and alder. ʻAi nā manu a me nā hua ʻoni: blueberries, cranberry, blueberries and lingonberries. I ka hoʻoilo, inā he liʻiliʻi iki o ka meaʻai, hoʻohemo ʻia ka māla me nā ʻōpū lāʻau, nā peʻa, nā lau hou o ka paila, ka lau a me nā alder, a me nā pono a me nā hua a me ka juniper. ʻO ka mea hānai mua i nā holoholona me nā pākeke, neʻe i ka mea kanu.

Kūkulu - kahi manu ākea e noho ana i nā hipa ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. Hiki i kekahi o nā hipa ke helu a ʻelua haneri kānaka. He mea ʻokoʻa loa ia no ka kāne a me nā wahine e hana i nā hipa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻelima wahine noho pū kekahi.

I ka manawa anu, ua hoʻopau ke kuana iā ʻoe ma nā manawa āpau ma nā lālā lāʻau. I ka pō, e piʻi ka pūʻulu ma lalo o ka uhi o nā hoʻoheheʻe o nā hau ma ka hau. I nā manawa e paʻa ai nā palaho koʻikoʻi, hūnā nā manu no nā lā lōʻihi i nā pahu hau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke hele mai ke kīleʻele i ka hūnā ʻia i nā wahi i ka lā hoʻokahi e hānai iā lākou iho. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ma ka honua e like me nā moena.

Ke lele aku nei, hiki i ka māka keʻokeʻo ke lele i kahi lōʻihi a me ka wikiwiki, e lanakila ana i nā wahi nui. ʻO ka manu ka lohe kūpono a me ka ʻike maka maikaʻi. Noho ke kahe a kahi hau hoʻoilo, lohe maikaʻi ke kākeleʻeleʻele i ka mea e puni nei a inā hiki i nā leo, i kona manaʻo, kānalua, haʻalele i ke poʻo a holo a maluhia i kahi palekana.

ʻO ka hopu ʻana no ka ʻaina kīpū, nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻāpana.

ʻO ka hoʻonani kiʻi kū ʻana

ʻO kēia mau manu nani he nui nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka ʻōlala a me ka mea puhi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi iā lākou. Ke waiho nei ke kolikōʻeleʻele i ka home e hānai iā lākou iho, eia ke kali ʻana ka ʻupena ʻulaʻula iā lākou. ʻO kahi ʻenemi pōpilikia o nā mea ʻeuʻeu hulu manu.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui loa o ke kiʻo i ka pōpilikia ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ai ka manu i kahi trope hopu nui. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole i ka lawaiʻa ʻōpiopio. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻimi ʻia lākou i luna o nā holoholona, ​​i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo me ka ʻīlio, a me ka hoʻoilo - me ke kōkua o kahi holoholona i honi ʻia. Ke ʻike nei i kahi ʻūleka, like like me kekahi manu mai ka ʻohana, ua lele ka māleʻele ʻelee iā ia, a ʻā ka poʻe lawaiʻa e kāohi iā lākou mai nā puʻu. ʻO kekahi kanaka kūpaʻa ʻole, he mea kupanaha nā hopena o ka huki. Ke hānai nei me ke kōkua o nā ʻīlio, pau ʻia nā ʻōpio āpau āpau.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Nā moʻolelo like ʻole

Hōʻike manu

He pīpī nui ka mākaʻi me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a pōkiki pōkole. He nunui ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻo ko lākou kino kino ka 49 a 58 cm, ke kaupaona nei ko lākou paona ma waena o 1-1.4 kg, a ʻo nā wahine lōʻihi ka lōʻihi mai 40 a 45 cm, a ʻo kā lākou paona he 0.7-1 kg.

Lōno o ke kāne

ʻO ke kāne he poli ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi poni a ʻulaʻula a i ke poʻo paha, ke ʻāʻī, ka goiter a me nā kua i lalo, nā maka ʻulaʻula māmā. ʻO ka midsection ke kua he brown me nā kukui māmā o nā hulu, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu ʻeleʻele i ka kala, me "nā aniani" - nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka hapa lalo o 1 a 5 mau hulu hulu. Ua ʻoi aku nā ʻōlelo "Mirrors" ma nā hulu hulu lua. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu ʻili ma kahi huelo me ka lei ʻulaʻula ma nā wēlau, kihi ka hulu hulipuhila e kū nei i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka huelo o ka lepa ʻeleʻele i lilo i mau huaʻala.

Lāpule o kahi wahine

ʻO ke anā ka wahine, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia i ke kala me nā ʻāpana o ke kala, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka kū like ʻole he like me kahi capercaillie wahine, akā ke hoʻāki ʻia nei e "ke anilelika" keʻokeʻo ma luna o kona mau ʻēheu a me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma kāna huelo. Ke keʻokeʻo ka undercoat. He mau ʻulaʻula manu nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ko lākou ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻāpana o ke kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo.

Hoʻaiho

Ma ke komohana a me ka waena o ʻEulopa, e noho ana ke kaele ʻeleʻele i loko o nā ululāʻau o nā ʻāina mauna, i nā kiʻekiʻe mai 1400 a 1800 m ma mua o ke kai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ko lākou laulā. ʻO ka mea maʻamau e makemake i ke kīleʻele ʻele e noho ai i ka wahi i hui pū ai nā lau a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu. ʻO ka koho pinepine ka koho ʻana i kahi māka i nā wahi i ulu ai nā ʻoka birch.

Kaʻiole kīleʻele Caucasian (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi)

ʻO waho, ka like ʻana o ka manu me kahi kaila melemele maʻamau, akā ua ʻokoʻa ia ia ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano o ka huelo.

ʻO ka loa o ke kino o ke kāne mai 50 a 55 cm, ke kaupaona nei he 1.1 kg, plumage he papalū ka pōpō ʻoloʻeleʻele, ʻaʻohe "ʻōnohi" ma nā ʻēheu, ʻulaʻula nā maka, ʻulaʻula ka ulupa, he forked. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine mai 37 a ke 42 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana he 0.95 kg, ka ʻōpala ke kala, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻopau ka mea like ʻole i ka Caucasus ma Lūkia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, a me Turkey. Ke alakaʻi nei ka manu i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. Noho nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3300 m ma mua o ke kai, nalo kahi liʻiliʻi loa. Noho ia i ka mauʻu palupalu o rhododendron a me ka puaʻe kūlohelohe, a me nā ʻona liʻiliʻi i ulu nui ʻia me ka birch undersized a me juniper.

ʻAne kāne a me ka wahine: nā mea nui loa

ʻO ka hōʻike mua o ka seksiona dimorphism o ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele kahi i nui loa ka nui o nā wahine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne. Eia kekahi, ʻeleʻele ka plumage o ke kāne me ka poni a ʻulaʻula paha, a ulaula nā ʻōuli. He keʻokeʻo ka tummy, keʻokeʻo ka jailo. A i loko o ka wahine, he pena ke ʻano o ka plumage, tan me nā ʻōpala o ke kala, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula.

Nā ʻlelo

Hānau ʻia ʻo Kohiki i loko o nā fluff pehu a ma hope o hoʻokahi mau hola ua haʻalele lākou i ka nano a hahai i ka wahine. ʻO nā lā 10 mua o ke ola no nā keiki ka mea maikaʻi loa loa. I loko o kēia manawa, nānā mau ka wahine iā lākou, hoʻolohe i nā leo kikoʻī a, ke hoʻokokoke ana kahi mea kiki, e hoʻoneʻe iā ia i ka ʻaoʻao. No kēia mea, ke hoʻohālike nei ka wahine i "hōʻeha", e holo ana, e pālahalaha ana i kona mau ʻēheu, lele nui a cackles nui. ʻO ka lohe ʻana i ka uwē ʻana o ka makuahine, e hānai piole ana nā keiki moa a kali i ka pōpilikia. I nā lā 10, hiki iā ʻoe ke hui hou a ka pua a ma ka makahiki 1 a ua lilo lākou i ʻēheu.

ʻO ka manawa āpau ke hana ʻia i nā kāne, hūnā lākou a mālama pono.

Manaʻo

Hāpai ka wahine i nā wīwī, hakakā i ke kani "ko-ko"; Pane leo nui nā kāne a no ka lōʻihi loa, ke neʻe nei lākou i ka pōʻino, hana lākou i ke kani "chuu-ish".

Hiki ke lohe ʻia ka oli o nā kāne wale nō i ka manawa o ka moe ʻana, i ka lua o ka lua o Malaki a i ʻApelilaAkā i ka wā hoʻoilo o ke kauwela, e kū mai ana ma Iulai, ʻo ka leʻaleʻa e noho mālie.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

• Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka māka ma nā kaʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē. Hōʻike ʻia ka kiriki Caucasian i kahi kālā kālā 1 ruble i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka Bank of Russia ma ʻOkakopa 24, 1995.
• Ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻo Scandinavia, ʻo ka māka ʻeleʻele kahi o nā manu lawaiʻa e kūwaho nui ʻia ana; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pēpē i pana ʻia no ka ʻūhā keʻokeʻo a me nā kīkaha laʻa. I ke kinikini mua o 1990, e pili ana iā 120,000 mau kānaka o kēia mau manu e pana ʻia aku nei i Rusia ma ka makahiki.

Kiʻi - wehewehe, noho a, ʻike maoli

He ʻano manu ākea nā mākahu-kaliko i manaʻo ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻohana pheasant. He manu nui kēia nui e pili ana i ka ʻopa o nā moa. Makemake ʻo ia e ola i kahi kīlea ʻeleʻele i ka nui ma nā ululāʻau, akā loaʻa i nā nīnū me nā pūʻali ala ala. Ma ka ʻEulena ma Eurasia ka nui loa o kēia manu i ka ʻāpana o ka Lūkia, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ia ma nā panalāʻau o Kina e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi hale ʻaina ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Mongolia, a ʻona hoʻi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Kazakhstan.

I loko o kāna ʻano, puka nā pekeʻeleʻele i kona mau ʻano, nā ʻelele i loaʻa i ke ʻāpana ʻākau o Beritania a ma ke Penikala Scandinavian. Ma ka māhele o ka ʻEulona, ​​ka ʻike ʻē aʻe i ka black black-Kosach ma loko o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka Russian Federation, ʻaʻole ka Caucasus wale nō. Ma kahi o Belarus a me Baltic States, kahi i loaʻa ai ka Kosach i ka nui, hiki ke loaʻa ma Polani a me Ukraine, a me Kelemānia hoʻi.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho

ʻO ka wahine, ʻo kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i ka hapa he 45 kenimika, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kāne, ʻo kona kaupaʻa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1100 mau grama. ʻO ke kāne i kona lōʻihi e hiki aku i ka 58 kenimita, a ʻo kona paona he 1400 pāleka. He mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻano manu kēia mau manu i hōʻike ʻia e nā holoholona maoli a me nā kāne.

Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻano wahine o kēia mau manu me ke kuapo ʻana; ʻO ka hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēia mau manu i hala ʻia e nā manamana e kū ana i ka uliuli, ʻona a me nā hāleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano ma luna o nā maka o nā kuapo, ʻaʻole i hōʻike nui ʻia, ʻo kā lākou huelo, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kāne, he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka helehelena maʻamau.

Loaʻa nō hoʻi i ka ʻōpio o kēia ʻano i kahi plumage ulana, hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ka ʻoni ʻana o nā wahine, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano. Ma ke kāhiko lole, nā ʻāpana a me nā kāwili o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻulaʻula i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi kauoha huhū.

ʻO ka mākaukau o ka māka ʻeleʻele

Hoʻomaka ka wā moe ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻanani mua o ka lā e hoʻomehana ai i ka honua kai, ua hōʻiliʻili nā kāne mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau ma luna o ka wai. Hoʻomaka ka hana mua i ka hana theatrical me ka noho ʻana ma nā lālā o nā lāʻau kokoke a hoʻomaka e hana i nā leo melodic e like me ke kani ʻana.

Me ka hiki ʻana o ʻApelila, hoʻomaka ka loli o ke ʻano o nā hana ma nā loiloi. Hōʻalo nui nā kani ʻana o nā kāne, a hiki ke piʻi ʻana ka luhi i ka palena, a hoʻomaka ka hoa kū mua e iho i lalo i ka honua. Maanei, ma lalo nei, e hoʻokau ʻia ai ka hihia ma mua o kekahi, hōʻike nā kāne i kā lākou ʻūlū i mua o kēlā me kēia, kuʻi i ko lākou ʻāʻī, hana i nā leo kuʻapoʻe, i kekahi manawa e lele i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou wiwo ʻole. ʻO nā mea hilahila hoʻopiʻi hou e alualu i nā hoa hakakā kolohe, ʻaʻole ka huna i ko lākou mea kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ikaika o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pilina ma ka uhai koke ʻana i ka wā, akā i ka wā e aniani ai ka lā, e hāhā nā hana ma nā wai me ka hoʻoikaika hou.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka nā wahine e ʻohi no ke kani e hiki mai ana mai nā pū wai, e hāʻawi ana i hōʻailona i nā kāne no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana kuʻina. Me ke ʻano, like ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kāne me nā kūpeʻe kāne, akā me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e lawe ʻia ana ma kahi ʻano hana pili ʻole aku a ʻaʻole i make nā mea pio i nā hōʻeha.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā kāne i nā kāne me nā polilamous predilections; hoʻokumu lākou i nā pilina me nā wahine he hoʻokahi. E lawe kēlā me kēlā me kēia o ka pūnaewele i ka pūnaewele, i ka wahine i kono ʻia ai, a nānā ʻole hoʻi i ka luhi o nā palena.

Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, haʻalele nā ​​kāne i nā wahine, a waiho iā lākou me nā hana āpau i pili i ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana i nā hua. Hoʻokipa ka wahine i ka hana o ka nano, ka hānai ʻana i ka masonry a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa kūʻokoʻa.

Hoʻowai a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa

Kūkulu nā wahine i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku i kahi mamao loa mai nā kupua i kēia manawa, e lele ana ma luna o kahi wahi o hoʻokahi kilomita square. Hana lākou i kahi kaumaha kūlohelohe i ka lepo, kahi i uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a uhi ʻia i ka hulu. Ka mea huli i ka ʻanuia puni, ʻo ia ka radius o ke ana he 20 kenimika. Hoʻopili pono ʻo Teterki i kā lākou ʻuʻuku, e hūnā iā lākou i ka pili o ka ulu lāʻau a i ʻole hoʻi i kahi mauʻu kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau.

Mai 5 a hiki i nā hua he 13 i ʻike ma ka masonry, a ʻo ka manawa incubation a hiki i 25 mau lā. Inā wehe ʻia ka pūnaka e kahi mea predator, a nalowale ka pipi, ua hiki i ka wahine ke waiho hou i kahi pāpaʻi, ʻoiai ka hapalua o ka hua o kēia hua. Hānau ʻia ʻo Kohiki i ka hapalua o Iune, ua maloʻo no kekahi mau hola, ala lākou a ʻaʻole i kahe i hope o ko lākou makuahine. Mai ke kau anuanu o ka pō, ua hūnaki ke kaulu i nā pipi i lalo o ka uhi o kona paʻi.

ʻO ka manawa pōpilikia nui loa no nā keikiki e loaʻa i nā lā 10 mua o ko lākou ola. He wā hoʻohālikelike kēia no ka makuahine mālama aloha ʻaʻole ia e lawe i kona mau maka i kāna mau pēpē, e nānā pono ana i nā leo o ka nahele. I ka hanana ʻana o kahi mea nāna e hōʻole mai iā ia, ua hoʻokau ʻo ia i kahi kālai loʻi - kahi e hōʻino ʻia ana, ua hoʻāʻo ka manu e lawe i ka malihini e like me kahi mamao, a laila lele lulu. Lohe pū aku i ka leo o ka makuahine, hoʻomaka ʻo nā ʻuā lūlū a pulupulu, e hūnā ana i ka mauʻu. Ke pau ka pōʻino, hōʻiliʻili ka makuahine wiwo ʻole i kāna keiki e hoʻohana ana i kahi hōʻailona hou.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, ulu ka huelo o nā kāne i ka lōʻihi e pono ai a loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o ke mele. Noho ʻo Grouse-Kosach i ke ʻano a hiki i ka 13 makahiki, he ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia me kahi ala maʻalahi, ʻoiai inā pono ia ke lele.

E makemake ʻo ia i ka mea ʻai i kahi mea kanu.

ʻO ka wehewehe kiʻi keke

He manu mālama nui kēia. He poʻo liʻiliʻi a he puʻupuʻu paʻa loa. ʻO ka mānoanoa ʻeleʻele ia e pili ana i ke kauoha o ka moa a like me kahi moa. Aia kona mau ʻēheu he mau hulu lōʻihi, i lawelawe ma ka lele ma ke ʻano he māla. ʻOi aku ka maopopo o kēia ma ka kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻia ma lalo nei.

He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne, no laila ke paʻakikī ʻole ma waena o lāua. E noʻonoʻo i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona.

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele e like?

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā loiloi ma mua o nā wahine. Loaʻa lākou i ka plumage uliuli, kahi i hoʻālikelike ʻia e kahi ʻakaʻaka o ka hue papala i ka ʻāʻī, ke kino o luna a me ka huelo. Ma lalo o ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu he mau hae keʻokeʻo e hoʻokumu ana i kahi kūlike - "nā aniani". Hāpai ʻia ka huelo o ka ʻīnoa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "lyre", ua ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi o kahi aiki i lalo.

Ma luna o nā maka o nā kāne, aia kekahi mau lālani e ʻike nui ana i hoʻokumu ʻia. He ʻulaʻula ulaula lākou.

Kāleʻa - ʻokoʻa ka pā hale ma muli o kāna mau ʻano. ʻO nā hulu ʻīpiʻu i kūpono kahi puaʻa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka inoa i kēia ʻano.

Hiki i nā kāne makua ke lōʻihi o 60 sentimita a kaupaona ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kilokilo. Hana lākou i nā leo gurgling lōʻihi. Mai ka manawa aku, ke uē nui a hoʻāla hou.

Wehe wahine

ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine, akā ʻoi aku ka pili. I mea e noho ʻike ʻole ai i ka wā o ka hatching seed, loaʻa iā lākou i ka och plumage me nā kāleka brown a ʻulaʻula.

ʻO kēia mau manu i like nā wahine capercaillie. ʻO lāua he "mau aniani" like nā kāne. Loaʻa ka pelu keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae a me ka umauma o ka manu. E hōʻea i kahi nui o kanalima kenimita. Ke kaupaona ʻole ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kilogram.ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka huʻu o ka wahine wahine. Ma lalo nei hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kiʻi o kahi kāleka pōpoki - wahine.

Hoʻaiho

Kahi ʻia ka māka keʻokeʻo nui ma Central Europe a me Asia. Makemake i nā nāhelehele, nā alahele ala a me nā ala ala. I kekahi manawa noho i nā mākaukau. Hōʻalo ka māka i ka nahele makona ʻōuli. Makemake nā ʻāpana o ka hana a nā pua me nā wahi ākea. Koho kēia mau manu i ka nahele mahea kahi e ulu ai ka birch. I ke kiʻi o kahi mākele pōkole hiki ke ʻike i kahi manu i ke kūlohelohe.

Hoʻoikaika

Ua hōʻuluʻulu nā hale i nā ʻohana ma ka nui o ʻelua haneli mau kānaka. He manu ʻolokeʻo kēia. ʻAʻole lākou e lele i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi kanu wela. Hiki iā lākou ke hele wale no ka nele o ka meaʻai.

I ke ahiahi ahiahi holo koke ʻia i ka ʻāina a neʻe paha ma o nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka pō ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​pupu.

I ka wā pōʻino, lele koke nā manu me ka wō. Hoʻopili lākou i ka lewa i ka lewa a loaʻa i ka wikiwiki a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.

He ʻano pono maoli ke ʻano o kēia manu i nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ke kākahu lauʻele i nā manawa āpau ma luna o ka lāʻau. I ka pō, ua peʻe ʻo ia i kahi pani wai. I loko o nā kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi ua aneane mau i lalo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pepeiao maikaʻi loa, ke aloha ʻo ia i ka puʻu hohonu loa.

ʻO ke kokoke i ka puna, e hoʻomaka i nā wahine e neʻe iki aku i mua o ka pā. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o Malaki, ua hoʻomaka ka wā o kēia manawa, kahi mau i ʻelua mau mahina. Hale mele mele, stomp a me swirl ma kahi e. I ka manawa like, hohola lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu a me ka huelo. Aia kahi hierarchy i kēia manawa. Ma loko o ke kikowaena ua ʻoi aku nā ʻelele ma mua, a ma ka ʻaoʻao - nā ʻōpio. A laila lele ka wahine i laila no ka moe ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā manu, ʻaʻole lākou e loli i ka pūnaewele o kēia manawa no nā makahiki he nui.

ʻAʻole hana nā hale i nā pālua mau. I ka wā hoʻomaha, hiki i nā kohola pepehi kanaka ke hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā no ka wahine, nāna e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kahi mākeke ʻeleʻele Caucasian.

Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole hele nā ​​kāne i ka hana hoʻoulu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ka wahine iā ia i kahi pānaʻi a pāpiki i nā moa. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hua he ʻumikumamākolu i kahi manawa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hatching e lōʻihi i ka iwakāluakūmālima mau lā.

Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā Chicks. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka nihi me ko lākou makuahine. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope aku, ua lele holo lele ʻoi nā moa.

Mea ʻai

Kuhi ʻia ka meaʻai ʻai ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā mea kanu kai. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā lau, nā hua waina, nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā hua liʻiliʻi, e hānai i kāna mau moa.

I ka ʻāʻī, ke hānai nei nā mākeke i nā koena o nā hua i nā mahina ʻai. A i ka hoʻoilo, nā ʻōpala maloʻo, nā cones o nā kumulāʻau coniferous a me nā hua juniper e hele i nā meaʻai.

Pehea e loaʻa ai kahi kāleka ʻeleʻele

ʻO kēia mau mea ʻelele nā ​​manu he mea makemake punahele wale ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa he nui. I mea e kiʻi ai i ka trope coveted, pono pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka mea e loaʻa ai ka māka ʻeleʻele. Ua kamaʻāina mākou i nā wahi i makemake ʻia e kēia mau manu e noho, hoʻopaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou ʻano i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. Ma muli o kēia ʻikepili, hiki iā mākou ke kiʻi i nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau manu i kekahi o nā ʻano hopu.

I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻana i kahi mākeke ʻeleʻele i kēia wā. ʻO Rūsia kahi wahi hānau o kēia ʻano lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole kahi hana paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kēia wā kalapu i ka wā nui, ʻoiai ua lohe ʻia nā leo o kēia mau manu ma mua o kahi kilomita. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa ʻo ʻApelila a me ka mua o Mei. Pono ke koho pono ʻia ka ʻāina i ka mea ʻole me ka ua a me ka makani. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hele e ʻimi i kahi kalaka ʻeleʻele i ke kakahiaka. Ma hope o nā hala pō, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kā lākou kālā.

E neenei me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka ʻohana. Pono ʻoe e loaʻa i nā binocular me ʻoe e ʻike i nā manu mai kahi mamao aku. Ma hope o ka iwa o ke kakahiaka, kū ka mea i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e hele i kēia wahi. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hut i kahi liʻiliʻi i ʻaoʻao, kahi i ʻokiʻoki ʻia ai nā loaka no ka pana ʻana.

No ka luring no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kāhiko i hana ʻia, kahi e hoʻonele ai i ka iwakālua mika mai ka hale kuamoʻo. E hoʻowalewale i nā manu a me ke kōkua o ka leo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kani kani.

E hele mai ʻoe i ka hale i kahi hola a i ka hapa - ʻelua ma mua o ka wanaʻao. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e pana me kahi pana ma kahi lōʻihi a hiki i ke kanahā mau mika.

I ka wā hemo, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka kōkua ʻīlio e huli a ʻimi i kahi māka ʻeleʻele.

Inā maloʻo ke kauwela, a laila e pono nā manu e ʻimi no ka ma ka ʻaoʻao. Inā ua ua, ua paipai e mālama i nā māla ulu lāʻau ma waena o nā lau nahele. I ka wā lohi, hiki ke ʻike pinepine lākou ma nā kihi a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau.

He ʻīlio kahi ʻīlio no ka hopu ʻana, pono e lawe i ka pīhoihoi a hoʻoweliweli i ka pāʻani. Ke pāpā ʻia nei i ka ʻōpū kahiko o ke kalaka ʻoi ke kī ʻia. E haʻalele ka mea maʻi ʻona ma mua o ka ʻelua mau wahine mai ka ʻōpala, no laila e hou ʻia ka hua hou i kēia makahiki.

Pono ʻoe e hele e kū kūʻē i ke kuhikuhi o ka makani, i hiki ai i ka ʻīlio ke komo wale i ka ʻono o ka pāʻani. Hiki iā ʻoe ke huli me nā poloka i ka mahina o Kepakemapa, a laila e ulu aʻe ka bro a lilo i kia akahele. Mai ka mahina o ʻOkakopa, ke lawaiʻa nei lākou e hoʻohana ana i nā holoholona i kālai ʻia. I ka wā e lohi ai, ke ʻimi ʻia nei ka mākāleʻele i waho o ka puka. Koho ʻia ka lio ʻaʻole makaʻu i kekahi pā.

I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka manu ke loaʻa i ka lua. He lua lua me nā ʻuʻi o nā ʻēheu e hōʻike ana ua haʻalele ka manu iā ia a lele a lele. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā binoculars, ʻimi ka mea lawaiʻa no ka hānai i nā wahi no nā manu, ka hoʻokokoke mālie, ʻimi ʻana i nā lua a e uhi iā lākou me ka ʻupena nui. Hoʻopili ʻo Kosach a lawe pio ʻia.

Hoʻomaopopo i nā ala a pau o ka hana kolohe a me ka huli ʻana ʻana i ka pāʻani ma nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea kālepa ke hana iā lākou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi i ka home me ka lima ʻole.

ʻŌhola manu

He ʻano manu i ka wā ʻōpiopio mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua haku ʻia ka nui o nā ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, nā ʻōlelo a me nā moʻolelo mele e pili ana i kēia kanaka i hānai ʻia i ka nahele, ka mea i kaulana loa "Fox and Grouse". Ma laila ʻo ia e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka naʻauao, kūpono a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopakele ai iā ia mai nā machinations o ka ʻalopō. ʻO ka poʻe mea akamai wale nō e ʻike nei i kēia manu a me ka poʻe hahai mea ʻike i ke ʻano like o ka kao i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waena o kahi i manaʻo ʻia ua lilo ke ʻano he mea nui i mau kenekulia a ʻo wai, na ka mea maʻamau o kēia manu, ua hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka hopu ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻano maikaʻi o kēia ulu lāʻau.

Hoʻoilina, ʻano noho

Kūkulu - nā manu kōʻai ʻohana, makemake i ka noho ʻana i nā ʻohana nui i nā manawa a pau, koe wale nō no ka manawa o nā mea make, a ma kā lākou ʻohana e hiki ai i nā 200-300 mau kānaka. ʻO nā manawa pinepine, ʻo nā hipa o ke kaahu ʻeleʻele i hui ʻia, ʻokoʻa ʻole nā ​​mea e noho ai hoʻokahi kāne, akā ʻo nā hipa e noho ana wale nō nā wahine. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i kahi nohona i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ke kauwela, i ka wā e wela wela ai ia i ke ao, ikaika lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ka wā ahiahi mua aʻe.

I loko o ke ao a makemake lākou e noho ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, ma waena o nā ʻōpala o nā lālā: kahi puʻu nunui i ka lā a i laila ua hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻāina.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hapa ʻekeʻeleʻele kahi maʻalahi. I ka mau manawa o nā hana, hele lākou ma ka ʻāina no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke kau i ka pō ma laila, i kahi pūʻulu o nā lāʻau ʻalopona a i kahi pali nei i kahi hummock. ʻOiai, ke makemake nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā lāʻau ma ke ʻano he pō i ka pō: he ʻoluʻolu a he ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka honua.

Pali lākou i nā lāʻau kūpono, i hiki ai ke kāhea ʻia lākou like ʻāina a me nā manu lāʻau. ʻAʻohe manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole ia, akā hiki i ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele ke noho mālie e noho ma luna o nā lālā lahilahi loa, kahi hiki ʻole ke kūpaʻa i ko lākou paona. He mau mea ʻino a ʻeli kēia, nona ka lohe a me ka ʻike maka, aʻo ke ʻano o nā wahine a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe kāne a ma ke ʻano he pōpilikia lākou ka hāʻawi mua i nā hana aʻa, a laila ʻāwili ʻia ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa a lele i kahi ʻē aʻe.

He hoihoi! No ke kīhāpai, ʻoiai ʻo kona nui nui, lele wikiwiki loa: ʻo ka huakaʻi lele ʻana he 100 km / h, a hiki ke lele lele i kahi pilikia ma kahi mamao o ʻumi mau kilomita.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua kūkulu kēia mau manu i kahi malu ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, kahi i loko o nā hukihua nui hiki iā lākou ke noho no kahi lā holoʻokoʻa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻo ka manawa pinepine me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻalopilā, neʻe ka hāleʻele ʻeleʻele mai kahi lālā lāʻau i loko o ka honu hohonu a maluhia hoʻi a me ka ʻōhili i ka hau, a me ka neʻe ʻana me ka ona, hana ʻo ia i kahi kaila i ke 50 cm hohonu i loko.

He puʻu palekana maikaʻi loa kēia, ʻoi loaʻi mai ka mākaʻi ʻeleʻele, aia i kā lākou mau māka, ke hoʻolohe pono nei i nā ʻanuʻu o ka mea e hoʻokokoke ana a maikaʻi hoʻi ke haʻalele nei i ko lākou mau pā hale a lele me ka lele, inā pono, ma mua o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kahi mamao pōʻino.

ʻO kahi wale nō ka hana e hiki ai ke hoʻopiha i ka māka lae i loko o kona mau māhu e noho me ka mahana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi infusion i loko o ka hau, kahi hana kuhi no ka manu ʻaʻole hana maʻalahi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, wawahi nā ʻohana, a hoʻomaka nā kāne i hōʻiliʻili ma luna o nā ʻala, kahi, e kali ai i nā wahine, bask i nā hihi o ka lā mua puna.

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka sex dimorphism i ke kīleʻa ʻeleʻele: ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine i nā liʻiliʻi i nā kāne, akā, ʻokoʻa loa a ʻokoʻa mai lākou i ke kala o kā lākou plumage. ʻŪpiki nui ka palaʻa o ke kāne, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻulaʻula paha i ke poʻo, ke ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua i lalo. Ma luna o kona mau maka he mau maka he ʻonihi ʻulaʻula hohonu. He ʻulaʻula ke kua o hope o ka ʻōpū, me nā ʻāpana kulu o nā hulu. Ke keʻokeʻo ka keʻena, kūlike. Aia i nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me nā pua keʻokeʻo kekahi i kapa ʻia nā keʻokeʻo e kapa ʻia nei he "aniani". ʻO ka hulu huluhulu ka lei i nā ʻaoʻao, e hana ana i ke ʻano o ka huelo e like me ka mea kani. ʻĀleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā ʻulaʻula poni i nā peaks.

He hoihoi! ʻO ke kala o nā manu ʻōpio, me ko lākou ʻano o ko lākou ʻano like ʻana: he mau kāne a me nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpio he ʻōpiopio ulaula, kahi o ka alternating blackish-brown, brownish-ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo a me nā wahi.

ʻO ka wahine ma ke kaei ʻeleʻele i peʻa ʻia aku i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe: he brownish-ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā mea hina, melemele a me nā ʻāpana ʻōwili. He aniani nā aniani i nā ʻēheu o ka ʻēheu, akā naʻe, ma kahi kaila ʻulaʻula, ke ʻano like ʻole lākou i ke kāne. Ma ka lihi o ka wahine aia kekahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi, a like me ka kāne, ua keʻokeʻo ka lalo o kāna ʻōpū.

Nā ʻano ʻōpiopio

I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano o ke kaila o ka lālani e noho nei ma ʻEulopa: ʻo ia ke kaʻo ʻeleʻele, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kahua māla a me ke kalepa ʻo Caucasian. I ka manawa like, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ʻepekema i ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau subspecies o ke keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele e noho ana ma nā wahi āpau o kona wahi. ʻO nā kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ua like like kēia mau ʻōiwi ʻelua, koe wale nō kahi liʻiliʻi loa o kahi kālaʻele Caucasian: ʻaʻole iʻoi loa kona nui ma mua o 50-55 cm, a ʻo kona paona he 1.1 kg.

ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka kala o ka plumage ka mea ʻike ʻia: ma ka puʻu ʻolua Caucasian ka ʻūhā, a kokoke i ka huehue, ʻaʻole hoʻi e pili i ke kala ʻula, a ʻaʻohe "nā aniani" ma nā ʻēheu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAno ʻokoʻa like ka huelo o kēia ʻano: he ʻalualua, akā, i ka manawa like pū kekahi. ʻO ka hulu hipa o ka huelo iʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā paia ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine o ke kapa kālepa ʻo Kauʻaia i loko o ke ʻano kime, ʻili kala, nā mea i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ala ʻeleʻele.

Noho kēia holoholona i loko o Caucasus ma Lūkia a me Turkey. Loaʻa iā ia ma Azerbaijan, Armenia a me Georgia. ʻO kona mau wahi punahele punahele he mau pua ia o ka rhododendron a me nā kaʻe hānai, ua noho nō kēia manu i nā puʻu liʻiliʻi, i uhi ʻia ʻo ka birch a me ka juniper. Mālama ka ʻeleʻele Caucasian i nā mea kanu grassy, ​​nā huaʻōlelo, nā pepeke. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻai ʻia nā ʻehā a me nā huaʻai o ka birch, nā hua a me nā hua.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ka hale ʻaina i ka nahele ma ka ululāʻau, nā wahi ala, a me nā wāwae o Eurasia, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka Alps a me nā mokupuni Pelekane ma ka palena komohana o kona awāwa a hoʻopau me ke Ussuri Territory a me nā Peninsula Korea ma ka hikina.

Ma ka manawa like, he kūpono nā palena o ka pihi, no ka mea ua hilinaʻi nui ia i ka nui o nā manu a me nā loli ʻōiwi i ka pae. A i kekahi mau wahi i ulu a ka wīwī kala e pālahalaha ʻole, ua nalo loa lākou i muli o nā hana a ke kanaka, e like me, e like me nā mea i hana ʻia ma ka East Sudetenland.

Ma Lūkia, noho kēia manu mai ka Kola Peninsula a me nā wahi ʻo Arkhangelsk ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Kursk, Voronezh, Volgograd mau wahi a me Altai mau ona ma ka hema. Makemake nā hale i ka noho i nā kiʻi ʻuʻuku, nā keʻena liʻiliʻi a ma nā lāʻau ākea, kahi nui nā hua hua. Aia pū nō ia ma nā awāwa kahawai, ma nā palena o nā wahi kuahiwi, nā wahi nahele a me nā ʻāina ʻai. Ma nā ulu lāʻau ikaika, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokūkū, akā hiki iā lākou ke aloha i ka hāʻule nui a i kahi kahi i hele ʻole ai ke ahi ulu a ʻaʻole i hiki i nā lāʻau ke ulu.

He hoihoi! Penei nā manu i ka noho ʻana i nā māla birch a makemake lākou iā lākou i nā ʻāina āpau ʻē aʻe. Akā ma ʻEulopa maʻEulopa, ua koho lōʻihi ʻia ka mākele pōleʻele e nā moorlands e like me nā wahi noho, a ma Ukraine a me Kazakhstan - shrubbery dense.

No kaʻai meaʻai

Kūkulu - kahi pua o ka mea kanu, ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā pākeke ke makemake e ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu. I nā mahina mahana, ʻai lākou i nā blueberries, blueberries, cranberry a lingonberries a me nā mea kanu ʻano lāʻau e like me ka clover a i kahi ʻulā. ʻAi pū lākou i ka māla i ka mea kanu i ulu, ʻoiai lākou e like me ka palaoa a me ka millet.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua hākū nā kele ʻeleʻele e noho nei i nā kumulāʻau i nā hua lāʻau, ʻōpala, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana birch. A manu nā manu e noho ana ma nā wahi kahi i ulu ʻole ai ka birch i ka meaʻai me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe: nā pono o ka spruce a me ka juniper, nā wana o larch, nā pine pine ʻōpio, a me nā pua o alder a i willow.
Hoʻohana nui nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēia mau manu i nā mea hihiu, akā ma hope o ka ulu nui o lākou, huli lākou i ka mea kanu.

Pahu a keiki

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ua ʻākoakoa nā ʻaina kāne kāne i ka kāmeʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo kēia manawa, no lākou e koho ai i nā ʻano nahele, kahi o nā punawai. I loko o kēia hoʻopili e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā kāne he ʻelua kāne, a ʻoi aʻe kekahi. Kahi nā lāliki ʻo ka ulu ʻana ma ka lua o ʻApelila - mua o Mei. I kēia manawa, ho'āʻo kēlā me kēia o nā kāne e noho ma luna o ka pūnaewele o kēia manawa he hoʻolālā kokoke i kahi waenakonu o ka palena, akā ʻo nā pūnaewele maikaʻi loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hele i ka ikaika loa o lākou.

Mālama pono nā kāne i kēia mau pūnaewele mai ke komo hewa ʻana o nā ʻenemi, pili paha kekahi o lākou i ka pō ma laila ma ka ʻōpū, no ka hopohopo ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻi ana mai ka pō, hiki paha i kahi pūnaewele ke kiʻi hou. Noho kahi hola ma mua o ke kakahiaka, ʻākoakoa nā kāne i kēia manawa a hoʻomaka e hana hoʻowahāwahā ʻana, a laila e walaʻau i nā kani ke hiki ke huki i ka wahine. kahi a lākou i koho ai i ko lākou hoa.

He ʻike hoihoi loa ka lākau i kēia manawa. Hoʻopili kekahi mau kāne i kekahi mea, e kūlou ana i nā ʻāʻī i ka lepo a hoʻolaha i kā lākou mau wili me nā pua nani keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa hoʻolaha me ka puhi nui i ko lākou mau ʻēheu. ʻO ke kolu o lākou, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine a i ʻole ke kahua a lākou i makemake ai, e komo pū i loko o kahi hoʻoili, lele ka lele a me ka wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ka hakakā ʻana o ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne, ʻaʻole i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kīleʻele i kēlā me kēia.

Ma hope o ka moʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i kahele nā ​​kāne o ke kahele ʻalapiha i ka hopena o kā lākou mau hanauna e hiki mai ana: ʻo ka wahine nāna ia i kūkulu i kahi pā. Hoʻomaka ka hatching i ka waena o Mei, a ʻo ka pūnana ʻo ia iho kahi lua ma ka ʻāina i kahuhipa ʻia me nā hulu manu, nā lau, mau lālā ʻōpala a me ka mauʻu maloʻo o ka makahiki i hala.

Hoʻopau ka wahine i kāna hua 24-25 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā Goshawks i piha i ka fluff a ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki iā lākou ke hahai i ko lākou makuahine. ʻO nā lā 10 mua o ko lākou ola he mea pōʻino loa: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe moa i ka lele hou ʻana, a no laila e hiki i ka honua ke lilo i mea maʻalahi no ka poʻe predator.

He hoihoi! Ua kokoke kokoke kēia wahine i kāna keiki i kēia manawa āpau, a i ka wā e ʻike kokoke ʻia ai kahi mea kolohe, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻopunipuni iā ​​ia ma ka hoʻohālike ʻana i kekahi mea ʻeha.Holo ʻo ia mai kahi ākea a me ke ʻano hiki ʻole iā ia ke wehe a lele lele i kona mau ʻēheu, aʻo ka ʻāʻī nui. ʻO kēia mākaʻikaʻi he hōʻailona ia i nā pipi e hūnā a peʻe ai a hoʻi mai ko lākou makuahine.

Ke huli nei ka māka'ōpiopio i nā lā 10 mau lā, hiki iā lākou ke lele, a ma hope o ka mahina ke hoʻomaka lākou e lele. ^ E Ha yM. I Kepakemapa, ʻōpio mau ʻōpio, ua hoʻoili ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpala ʻeleʻele, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ko lākou mau ʻohana a noho kūʻokoʻa, akā hoʻāʻo nō nā wahine ʻōpio e noho kokoke i ko lākou mau makuahine. ʻO ka hoʻoilo wale nō, hoʻomaka nā kāne a me nā wahine e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻohana i hui ʻia.

Ma ke kānāwai, i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole nui nā kāne i ka hana o ka hānau ʻana, ʻoiai naʻe, ua hele mua lākou i ka pālule. ʻoiai e kamaʻilio pololei ana nā hoahānau kahiko a ikaika iā lākou. ʻO nā kāne mau o 2-3 mau mea i ka hopu ʻana i kahi kumumanaʻo mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke kumukūʻai o kēia manawa no lākou iho a hiki ke komo i ka hōʻiliʻili, inā ʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, koho ʻia kekahi o nā wahine iā lākou he mau hoa.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

I loko o ka hale kūlohelohe maoli, nui nā ʻenemi uliuli i nā ʻenemi, ma waena o nā ʻalopeke, ʻo martens, nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā goshawks. ʻO nā kala ʻona ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ai me nā sables, he pōʻino nō hoʻi no nā pōpoki keʻokeʻo.

He hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻoiai he nui ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā kaiki ʻahuʻula: ʻoi loa ka hana o ka hoʻokele waiwai kanaka a me nā kūlana o ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou hoʻoemi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka.

Hana ia i loko o ka mahina o ke kauwela wela, ma muli o ka hypothermia, a hiki i ka 40% o ka brood o ka kāleka ʻeleʻele i make, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa o nā moa i make i nā niho a me nā ʻōpū o nā mea kolo.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia manawa, nui ka lehulehu o kahi kahe i ka mākahele, a nui ka ākea kahi e noho nui ai kēia mau manu. ʻO kēia mau kūlana i hana i hiki ke kuhikuhi i kēia ʻano ʻano o ke "Least Concerns". A ʻo ka mākaika Caucasian i hōʻea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he endemine, i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano "Noho kokoke i kahi kūlana paʻakikī." I ka manawa like, ʻo ka grazing a me ka poaching ka mea maikaʻi loa nona. Hoʻokomo ʻo Livestock i nā ʻuʻoloke a me nā moa, akā ʻo nā ʻīlio kahu hipa, ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka manawa kūpono e alualu ai iā lākou, ʻoi aku ka weliweli no ka māka ʻeleʻele.

He hoihoi! I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ke kaele ʻeleʻele Caucasian ma luna o nā wahi o nā kikowaena nui nui loa, kahi o ka Caucasian a me Teberdinsky.

He mākaʻikaʻi maʻamau ʻo Grouse i nā ulu lāʻau Birch a me nā ulu lāʻau o Eurasia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, ʻae ʻia ka ʻeleʻele me ka “aniani”, a me ka hana me nā wahine i loko o ko lākou mau ʻuhane a ʻalani, nā brownish-red plumage e nā wahine, ʻike maoli ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka manaʻo ʻana he mau manu ʻano like ʻole lākou. Ua ʻae lōʻihi kēia mau manu i ka nānā ʻana o nā kānaka e kā lākou ʻano, a, ma ka ʻano kālā.

ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike i ke aloha ʻana i ka pūnāwai i ke kakahiaka nui, hoʻopaʻapaʻa he ʻano kūlohelohe kēia a nani. ʻAʻole no kekahi mea i ke kiʻi ʻia o ke ʻano o kēia mau manu i ka mea moʻokalaleo: no ka laʻana, ma nā sisina alpine, nā ʻano e like me ka lele ʻana a me ke kūlou, ana ʻano o kahi kīwaha o kēia wā, ua hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻAʻohe like wahine kāne a me ka wahine.

Kahi like ʻole nā ​​manu heterosexual i kekahi. ʻO ka wahine, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kāne, ua emi iho ka nui a me ke kiʻekiʻe. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻole i loko o ka waihoʻoluʻu: ma kahi wahine, ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā mea ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻalaʻele. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kāne nui, ʻo ia nō ka nui o ka beak a me nā maka ʻulaʻula māmā.

ʻEleʻele loa ka kala i ka polala me ka kakala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli. ʻO ka ʻele o ka manu i pālahalaha nui a he mau lāli kaila. Maikaʻi nō ka maʻalahi o ka huki ʻana i nā manu, akā i ka lele ʻana o ka wahine a lele i kona mau ʻēheu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻōpū o nā keʻokeʻo, nāna e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻoilo

Papale nā ​​manu, a ma ka hoʻoilo lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai mau holoholona liʻiliʻi, ke koho ʻana i nā kihi lāʻau, nā wahie, nā pāpū a me nā awāwa o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi, a me nā wahi i loaʻa i nā wahi me nā mahi ʻai e kokoke ana no ka noho ʻana. Hiki i nā hale paʻani ke neʻe maʻalahi ma luna o nā lālā manamana o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai ke kaumaha nui. Ke ikaika loa nā hamu, ua kū ka manu i ka hau ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, e hana ana i kahi lumi papa noho ma kēia wahi. I loko o ia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o ka lā. ʻAʻole kahi paʻa i ka ʻula no ka manu e ʻike i kahi pōʻino luhi, ʻoiai lākou e lohe ai i nā leo a pau o ka nahele.

Lōhūpū

Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i ka puna. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka lā wela o ka lā o Malaki e uhi ai i ka honua, hōʻuluʻulu nā kāne i nā māka a me nā kolo lāʻau. Ke hoʻonoho nei i nā kumulāʻau, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomālamalama, e kāhea ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pāʻani pili.

Hōʻalo ka manu hīmeni i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻApelila, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻahuʻula ʻāhina e ulu mai nā kumulāʻau a hiki i ka ʻohi ʻana. Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ke kani o ka lua. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā mai 10 a 15 kanaka Ma kahi. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka male ma muli o ke ʻano ʻino, akā i ka wā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai, e hoʻomaka hou nā pāʻani hoʻokūkū.

Kau kuʻikahi no nā Chicks

Hoʻouna ʻia nā lā 10 mua o ke ola o nā moa ka ʻoi loa ka pilikia. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine iā lākou a mālama mau. Mālamaʻo ia i nā leo āpau i mea e ʻike ai i ka pilikia kokoke i kahi manawa kūpono.

Inā hele ʻia kahi hoʻoulu kaua, ka manaʻo ka make a me ka hoʻāʻo e lawe i nā ʻenemi i kahi mamao loa mai ka nū me ka hiki ʻana, e holo ana me nā eheu e pāheu a kani nui ana. ʻO nā leo i kūkulu ʻia, he ʻano hōʻailona, ​​a me ke kealono, e hoʻolohe ai ia, e pālahalaha i nā ʻaoʻao, nalowale i ka mauʻu. Ke mamao loa nei ka pōʻino i ka pili o nā pēpē, lawe ka manu a hoʻi iā lākou.

Nā hakakā pono ʻole

Loaʻa nā wahine ma ka moʻo, ka mea e koi ai i nā kāne e hoʻonohonoho mau kaua hoʻomana. ^ E Ha yM. No nā manu, hoʻopau pono nā hakakā, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me nā moa. Hoʻokahi mau wahine kāne i kekahi kāne, a ʻo kēlā me kēia aahu ʻoi ke kuleana palekana i nā lālā ʻē aʻe i kēia wā.

Puʻu o ka manu

Hoʻomaka kūhā ke poʻo kuahu ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka lele i like wikiwiki a hoʻomehana. ^ E Ha yM. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā mau kilomita ʻole me ke kū ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ka ʻike maka ʻana e ʻōlelo aku ai i ka manu o kahi pōʻino paha, ma hope a lele i ka lāʻau a hoʻāʻo paha e lele i kahi mamao e hiki ai.

Kaulana ʻaʻa

Ke hana nei nā wahine kūkulu kikowaena kokoke ma hope o ka mālama kālā, a ua koho ʻia ke wahi a pale ʻia i ke nānā ʻia ʻike. ʻO nā kumulāʻau e hina ai a me nā hua kuli e lawelawe ʻia ma kahi maikaʻi.

I ka pili paʻa, hoʻopau ka wahine i nā hua. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻōpio i lalo hohonu, ke hoʻolohe nei lākou a ma nā wahi a pau ko lākou makuahine. I nā makahiki he hoʻokahi hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ka lehelehe.

Ara parrot

Kāleka a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu grice

He mea maʻalahi loa ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke pani wahine kāne kāne mai ka wahine. He ʻokoʻa na ʻāpana like ʻole a lākou. ʻO ke kāne nui, nui ʻia i loko o nā kala ʻeleʻele me nā wahi aniani a me ka māmā. I ka nānā mua ʻia paha e ʻeleʻele paha ka māka ʻeleʻele. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiai, ʻōhulu nā hulu ona, e hana ana i kēlā hopena. ʻO Goiter, ʻāʻī, ke kua o hope a me ke poʻo i kiola ʻia i kahi hue ʻalani a ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka capercaillie he mau maka ʻulaʻula. I ka capercaillie, ke kino ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ka ʻūhā piha ʻana i ka maka, ʻoiai i loko o ka kaomi ʻahuʻula ke hāmama wale ia mai luna mai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena o nā maka ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo Abdomen ma ka lalo, keʻokeʻo i hoʻōla iki nā hulu. He nani maikaʻi loa ka huelo o ke kāne, ʻeleʻele me kahi lepa ʻulaʻula, e wehe ʻia me ka pāʻili a me kahi liʻiliʻi i mua. ʻIke ʻia mai ke kua, ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻae ʻana i ka pelahula keʻokeʻo ma ke kumu o ka huelo.ʻO nā ʻēheu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā laina āpau o nā hulu ma luna o ka ʻāpana a i ʻole kekahi me nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hulu ʻili o nā ʻēheu kekahi pala pala.

He ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ka wahine, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohilahila iā ia me ke kāne kāne. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻolei i ko lākou kala me nā mea kōkua e hoʻohilahila iā lākou iho i kahi wahi moe, ma ka lepo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pua, brown, brown a ʻeleʻele me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a puni ke kino. Ma lalo o ka huelo, e like me ka moa, he ʻulu manu keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hularka maʻalahi ka Tetarka me ka capercaillie. ʻO kā lākou like a me nā kala e like like. Akā ʻokoʻa nāʻokoʻa i loko o ke kala o nā ʻēheu - nā ʻili o lākou i hui ʻia me nā ʻekepili a puni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa inā inā e nānā ʻoe i ke ākea ʻana o ka manu i kona huelo. ʻAʻohe o ka capercaillie i ka waena.

ʻOkoʻa nā leo o nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO nā polikeke wahine wahine, e like me nā ʻehā o nā ʻoki, a me ka ʻoi aku ka leo ikaika a me ka uē ʻana, inā pono, e ʻōlelo aku i nā hoahānau. I ka wā moe, e lohe loa ʻia nā leo.

Kāhala Pūnaewele

ʻO nā dimen, aia ka mana o nā kāne. Hiki i ka loa o ke kino ke hiki aku i 80 mau kenimika, ma ka nui he nui paha a hiki i ka mita. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ulu nā wahine ma mua o 50 kenimika. Kuhi nā ʻelele kāne o ka hapalua kāne mai ka kilokilima a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i hoʻokahi kilokilima.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa ma waho o nā ʻano holoholona e wehe iā lākou mai ka ʻohana moa ka nui o ka beak, he mea paʻa loa ke poʻo a kālai pū ma ke kihi. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka waihona i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka beak. Hele nā ​​pua i nā pūhaka loa, e pani iā ​​lākou. Ua paʻa pono nā pāpale lima me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, a ʻo lākou nei iā lākou e uhi ʻia me ka pulu a manu paha.

He aha nā mea a ka manu kuki e ʻai ai?

ʻO ka makemake nui nā meaʻai holoholona i nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā keikikāne mua. No lākou, he mea koʻikoʻi ia, no ka mea e ʻae ai i ke kino i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai nui. Hiki iā ia ke ulana, nā ʻōpū, nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe, nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeke, spider. E hoʻololi ana nā pākeke i nā mea kanu meaʻai.

He mākaʻi ka mea e ʻai ai i ka kime. I ke kauwela a i ka hoʻoilo, e hele mai ka nui o ka ʻai, a laila ʻai nā manu i mua o ke hoʻoilo anuanu. ʻO nā ʻano hua a pau o ka nahele e hāʻule i loko o ka meaʻai: blueberries, blueberries, ash ash, currants, gooseberries wildan, cranberry. Kūpī nā ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu kanu, nā lau o nā kumulāʻau hua a me nā kumulāʻau, ʻōpala, a me nā hua o ka lau ʻala a nā manu i hele e hānai. Inā ua pili e pili kokoke i ka mahina ʻai, inā paha i ka palaoa a i ʻole ka millet, a laila hele nā ​​hua ʻai e hānai ai.

I ka mahina mahina, i ka wā e noho ai, a ma hope o ka wahine e hoʻomoe a noho i hua, pono ia i ʻōnaehana nui i ka meaʻai. A laila ʻai ʻia ia pua pua, nāʻuhele wili, nā ʻōpopeka birch, nā kākiki larch a me nā pua alder. Hoʻohana ʻia nāʻaila - kaluga, nā palupalu, nā ʻāpana palupalu.

He wā paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo no ka waihona. He liʻiliʻi iki ka meaʻai, a i kekahi manawa ke manaʻo ʻo ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i kekahi e hele aku a lele. Aia nā pua ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau, nā pua, nā ʻāpana birch. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā cones me nā hua ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, juniper hua. He kūpono no nā moʻi lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.

Nā Piʻeha a me nā ʻenemi

E like me kekahi manu e makemake e hoʻolimalima nui i ka manawa ma ka honua, he nui loa o nā ʻenemi ka nui o nā ʻenemi i hoʻohālikelike ʻole i ka ʻai. Hoʻopili kēia ma ka mea pāpale, ka poʻe o ka nahele. He makalopuku keia, marten, puuku hihiu, hawk. ʻO nā manu a palupalu i ka manawa hana a me ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā o ka moe ʻana, ka molts ʻo ka grice, ka pulu o ka hulu a me ka hiki ke lele lele, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e nā poʻe alakaʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻouka nui nā ʻalopeke a me nā martens i nā manu i ka hoʻoilo, punch i ka lua a me ka hoʻouka ʻana. Hiki i ka puluniu ke nānā aku a hoʻouka i ka mea hulu manu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. I kahi eʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o kēlā mau kānaka ʻōpiopio no ka hanauna ʻōpio, ʻoiai ʻo ka wahine e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka huaʻī, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokō i ka hana i kahi mea kolohe.

Ua kūlohelohe ka ʻona maoli i nā kūlana ma lalo kahi o ke kaona wīwī ʻeleʻele.Hoʻololi ka loli i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana i ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna mua, kahi i hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hiki ʻana o nā manu me ka maluhia. Mai kahi hoʻololi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ua uhi ʻia ka honua i ka hau ka hau, e pale ai i ka pāʻani moe a me ka ʻimi no ka ʻai. Ke hoʻohiolo nei kēia i ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻohana, hoʻohele ʻo ia i nā wahi hou.

ʻO ke kāne, kahi ʻokoʻa a ʻoi aku ai, e hoʻopau i ke kīlea ʻeleʻele i ka ʻai o ka ʻiʻo a me ka leʻaleʻa, ke pale aku i nā manu mai ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i kā lākou hana. No ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia ma Nekele wale nō, i kahi haki me nā kelepona mana, ʻoi aku ma kahi o 23,000 mau manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki he make. ʻO ka mahiʻai o nā māla a me nā ʻulā no ka lūlū hana e hoʻolei i kahi kīleʻa ʻeleʻele mai ko lākou mau home, nā wahi punahele. No ka makemake makemake o kēia ʻano holoholona e noho kokoke i nā ala a i kahi kokoke i nā hale kanaka, ʻaninau pinepine ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou masonry. Ua hao ʻia lākou e nā lako uila, nā mākaʻikaʻi a me nā mea ʻohi e hele ana ma nā ululāʻau.

He ʻano maikaʻi o ke ʻanoʻai o ka ʻai ʻaʻa

Hāpai nui ʻia nā ʻiʻo Kakano e nā loea culinary a me nā gourmets o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He ʻoluʻolu, he hiʻohiʻona hoihoi. ʻElua mau ʻāpana a ka umauma, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ma waho he kukui cherry kala, a he ʻulaʻula i ka hohonu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā minamina a me nā momona. Hoʻopili pū kekahi o nā mea like: vitamina A, B - 1, 2, 5, 9, 12, E, H, PP. No nā minerala, ʻo ia ka paʻakai, kalima, magnesium, keleawe, selenium, zinc, fosfor, sodium, iodine, azamela, nickel, tin, a me nā mea he nui. Loaʻa i kēlā mau kumu ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kino kanaka me nā mea ʻike ʻole a me nā mea micro. Hoʻonui kēia i ka hana pono o nā nū a me nā kaila o ka hoʻopulapula, ke ʻano o ke kiko o nā pā a me nā ʻili, ke kūlike o nā kūkulu o nā kīʻaha koko, nā pili pili. Loaʻa nā hopena olakino maikaʻi. 0

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele - He wahi kaulana i loko o ka moʻolelo mele keiki a "Fox a me Kāleka". Hoʻopiʻi ka hero, ke ana, paʻa a hoʻomanawanui. ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea lawehala āna i ʻike maoli ai, nāna i aʻo i kāna ʻanoʻano a kāhea i ke kākāʻele ʻeleʻele ma kāna ʻano iho: ʻeleʻele, iʻa-ʻoka, Birch a i ʻole ka mea haki. He inoa punahele ka wahine. ʻO ke ʻunā, kahi kohola pepehi kanaka, he loko keʻokeʻo, he pou.

ʻO ke helehelena o kahi mākaukau ʻeleʻele

Kāhāleʻa - manu nani: plumage ʻeleʻele me kahi poli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo pailima, ʻehā i kālai ʻia me ka manawaleʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻili o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā kahua o nā hulu keʻokeʻo i nā kākeleʻeleʻele i nā alohi.

Kalaiohue-grouse - he kūlike maʻamau o kahi ʻano. No nā hulu hulu, like me nā pigtails uliuli, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa lua. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne ma ka awelika e hiki ke loaʻa i ka 60 cm a ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 1.5 kg.

ʻO Kosach, kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau o nā kākāʻele ʻeleʻele

ʻOi ʻia ka kohola pepehi kānaka e ulu: ulu a hiki i 50 cm, ke kaupaʻa ʻana ma mua o 1 kg. Hoʻohui hou ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala o ka lāli a kokoke i kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula a hina paha, ʻoi aku ka pōkole.

He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka lālau, pōkole a ikaika ka lāʻau. ʻO nā hulu lōʻihi ma nā ʻēheu e kōkua i ke kaohi o ka lele, lawelawe ʻana i kahi ʻano o ka hoʻokele.

Aia ʻike ʻia nā leo o kahi hāmeʻa ʻeleʻele, a nui ʻōlohelohe loa ka leo a me ke ʻano nui o ka ʻūlū ʻana. Kahea hoʻopiʻi hoʻopihapiha hou ʻia me kahi ʻano haʻalulu. Hoʻomaʻikaʻi ʻo Teterki e like me ka hens, i ka hope o ke mele e kani ai i nā kani. I ka hoʻoilo, kū mālie nā manu.

E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka kūlohelohe ikaika loa i ka nohona pili, paʻa, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka manawa o ka moe ʻana, hui ʻia nā pā o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Ua loaʻa ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka paʻi i 200 mau pahuhopu. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hana i ka mahana mahana aia i ke kakahiaka nui a ma mua o ka lā. I ke ahiahi, ʻauʻau nā manu i ka lā, e noho ana ma nā lālā.

Loaʻa ke ʻano manu a nā manu. No ka manawa lōʻihi lākou e hele nei ma ka ʻāina, ke neʻe wikiwiki a neʻe hoʻi ma loko o nā mānoanoa paʻa wale. Eia lākou ua ʻike ai i ka meaʻai, ʻano a hoʻomaha. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka pō ma luna o ka ʻāina, ma lalo o ke kumu lāʻau, ma nā puhila.

Inā pono, e lawe wikiwiki a me ka leo. Holo a lele ka lele o nā manu. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka māka ma ke ʻano he ʻāina a me ka manu ʻoihana. Hele mālie lākou i waena o nā kumulāʻau, hoʻopau lākou i ka pō ma nā puʻupuʻu, a noho mālie hoʻi a hiki i nā lālā lahilahi ke kākoʻo ʻole i ko lākou paona.

I ka huli ʻana o kahi tidbit, hiki i nā apo pepeiao ke kau i lalo, ʻoiai e hoʻopili mau ana i ka lālā.

He pepeiao maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ka mea mua e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona alaloma. E makaʻala loa ke ʻano, inā hiki i ka pilikia, hiki i ka Kosach ke lele i nā mauʻumi mau mile. Ua hiki i ka huakaʻi lele ke 100 km / h.

He ʻokoʻa nā ke ola o nā manu, ʻoi aku ka loli i ka hoʻoilo o ka manawa anu. Kāleʻele keʻokeʻo i ka hoʻoilo ke ao ia e noho ai i nā kumulāʻau, pinepine iā ia ma luna o nā ʻuā, a ma ke kakahiaka, e hoʻomaka ana e hūnā ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, holo kai mai luna mai i kahi kahe hau e paila ana a hana i kahi kaona hohonu i loko.

Ke hana nei i kahi neʻe a me kahi keʻena nane, pace nā manu i ka hau. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā wahi i loko o ka hau ma nā hāhā, ma o ke neʻe wikiwiki ʻana, no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kahi manhole me nā ʻēheu i kahi hohonu o 50 cm.

Ma nā manawa o ka hau maloʻo nui, ke noho nei i nā hale e hoʻonui nui ʻia. Hiki ke puka aku ka mākaʻi no ka hānai ʻana mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo no 1-2 mau hola. Inā hōʻino kekahi i nā manu, lūlū iki lākou mai nā lua, e neʻe i kahi mau mika a laila e haʻalele.

Ua lilo kēia i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no nā manu, e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka infusion, a me nā pilikia i ka hoʻopiʻi i nā nokeʻe hoʻoilo.

Ke hele nei ma lalo o ka uhi hoʻoilo ʻaʻole i hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama o ka inlaid me ka hoʻolohe kūpono. Ua lohe ʻo ia i ka lele ʻana, a me ke kani ʻana o kahi lopeke, a me nā neʻe o kahi lynx. Inā kani nā kani kokoke i ka hoʻopale ʻulaʻula manuahi a i ʻole hoʻi o ka hau o ka hau ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa, ua waiho ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka kahi i kuʻi ʻia a emi koke.

I ka pūnāwai, wīwī liʻiliʻi nā ʻohana. Hoʻoluʻolu nā hale i ka ʻai me nā haʻalulu, bask i nā hihi i nā ʻaoʻao kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao ākea. Ua lawa pono nā ʻenemi: nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻaleka, a me nā martens, nā hawewe a me nā ʻukelē. ʻO ka ʻehinā mau huluhulu ʻāhinahina a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka luku loa ʻana o nā manu, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻae ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO nā mea ʻumi, ke aʻo nei i ke ʻano o ka manu mālama aka akā ma ka manawa like i ke ʻano manu manu ʻole, hiki ke hoʻowalewale i ka ʻōpala āpau. ʻO ka hana waiwai: ke kaiāulu, ke kau ʻana i nā alaloa a me nā laina mana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka ʻāina waʻai - kāʻili ʻia ke kaomi ʻeleʻele mai nā wahi maʻamau.

Laikaha ʻaina kūleʻele

Keʻena ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele - ʻĀina , i ʻike ʻia mai nā wā kahiko, me ʻekolu mau kumu nui:

• me ke kōkua o kekahi hut,
• mai ka k? naka
• mai ka puka.

Kūkulu ʻia nā huts mai kahi ulu ulu lāʻau a me nā lala ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai kahi pūnaewele i ʻike ʻia kaulana. Pono ke holo ʻana i kahi noho lōʻihi i loko o kahi ākea a me ka nui o ka noho ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli aku ai i nā manu mai ko lākou mau wahi maʻamau.

Kāleka keʻokeʻo me ka neʻe ʻana hopu ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole wale ʻia. ʻO ka hana a ka mea lawaiʻa e hele kokoke i kahi e hiki ai i ka wā o kāna mele. Inā nui nā manu, a laila hiki i kekahi o ke kūpaʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla E makaʻu aku i nā kihi ʻeleʻele a pau . ^ E Ha yM. No laila, ua hanaʻia ke ala i nā poʻe.

Holo like like mai ka lānai ka hoʻokokoke ʻana ma kekahi lio a waʻa paha i kahakai i koho ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Holo holoholona i ka hoʻoilo lawe pinepine ʻia me nā ʻīlio, a i ka hoʻoilo me nā manu i kāʻei ʻia. Kākau paʻa lawelawe i ka hoʻopunipuni no nā ʻohana ʻike i ʻike ma luna o nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana.

Nui nā mea aloha i ʻike e pili ana i ka mākeleʻeleʻele, kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻimi like ʻole no ka hopu ʻana a me nā ʻola ʻana, pehea e kuke ai i ka kīpahu ʻeleʻele, akā no ka mālama ʻana i kēia manu nani a ʻōlio o ka ulu lāʻau Lūkia.

He ʻano manu i ka wā ʻōpiopio mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua haku ʻia ka nui o nā ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, nā ʻōlelo a me nā moʻolelo mele e pili ana i kēia kanaka hulu manu i ka nahele, ka mea i kaulana i "Fox and Grouse". Ma laila ʻo ia e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka naʻauao, kūpono a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopakele ai iā ia mai nā machinations o ka ʻalopō. ʻO ka poʻe mea akamai wale nō e ʻike nei i kēia manu a me ka poʻe hahai mea ʻike i ke ʻano like o ka kao i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waena o kahi i manaʻo ʻia ua lilo ke ʻano he mea nui i mau kenekulia a ʻo wai, na ka mea maʻamau o kēia manu, ua hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka hopu ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻano maikaʻi o kēia ulu lāʻau.

Kāne

Makemake nā hale i ka noho o ko lākou manawa ma ka honua, akā naʻe, i ke anuanu, ua noho nā manu ma nā lāʻau. Ma laila e loaʻa ai kā lākou meaʻai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana a neʻe hoʻi, like like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka moa. Holo holo maikaʻi nā hale kūʻai, akā ʻoi aku ka lōkihi ma mua o nā heihei, ka mea e hoʻohana nui ai i ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ka mahalo, ʻoiai ʻoi ka nui o kona kaumaha, neʻe mālie nā manu i ka wā ʻole me ka pilikia ʻole ma ka lālā lāʻau, hiki ke ʻoki loa. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka nui o ke bika o ke kaomi ʻeleʻele ʻole e hoʻopilikia i kāna lele lele, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wikiwiki wale nō, akā no ka lōʻihi. Inā pono, lele lākou i mau mile, e hana ana i kēia me ke kū ʻole.

Kāhea maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i kahi ʻaina kūleʻa: ʻike nā manu i ka hoʻolohe a nānā i nā maka, a inā he pōpilikia lākou lele koke aku i kahi ākea a lele paha i kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.

Hōʻike nā manu manu i kā lākou hana i ke kakahiaka, i ka wā kakahiaka, a i ke ahiahi. Inā emi ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana, e ʻimi nā manu i ka malu ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻomehana iā lākou. I mea ʻole e pau ka wela ʻole i ka wela, kīleʻa ʻeleʻele i loko o nā lau nui i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā.

Kāleʻa -kakai: ʻano maikaʻi

He manu kūikawā kēia. He kupaianaha a nani hoʻi ʻo ia, uaʻaʻahu ʻia i ka hulu hulu kahe hulu.

Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia e kona kalaʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani pale. Hiki paha i ke kaʻe ʻulaʻula a pulu paha i ka ʻāʻī o ka manu. ʻŌpū ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā hulu ʻeleʻele. Aia nā ʻūhā hulu manu keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻēheu, nā maka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma luna o nā maka.

Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā hale ʻaihue i ka ʻana maoli o nā wahi ākea o ka ululāʻau, akā ke hoʻokele maoli nei kekahi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia manu, akā ʻaʻole ke ʻano nani. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻopau nā lawaiʻa i nā pua piha o kēia mau mea.

ʻO nā mea hopu he mea akamai, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa, mai hoʻopā i ka mākaka, me ka hoʻomaopopo he pili ʻia he pū me nā moa. ʻAʻole ka poʻomanaʻo manaʻo e pili ana i ka pua kīnā ʻole o ka moa, ka mea o ka hopu wale ʻana i mea nui iā lākou.

Hōʻike, noho, kiʻi

ʻOkoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kāne hanohano:

• ʻeleʻele me kahi kala o ka polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo,
• nā maka ʻulaʻula ulaula
• huʻu ʻolua,
• kehiʻi ʻulaʻula "ma luna o nā ʻēheu,
• kaupaona a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilo a me nā ʻāpana o 60 cm,
• he poo liilii
• pōkole a ikaika a ikaika
• nā hulu lōʻihi i nā ʻēheu.

Hiki i nā poʻe he nui ke ʻike i ka leo o kahi mākaʻi ʻeleʻele. I ka wā o kēia manawa, hoʻohuli ʻo ia i kahi lōʻihi a me ka leo nui me ka gurgle. ʻO nā wahine wahine cackle, kani leo kani ma ka hopena o ke mele ʻana.

Manu me nā pepeiao pepeiao.

I kekahi mau lā lā i hala aku nei, ua puka wale mai nā ʻōlelo o nā lau liʻiliʻi ma nā kumulāʻau birch a me nā lāʻau maple, ʻike wau aia i loko o kekahi o nā kuʻina nui ʻekolu, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā manu ma kahi plum i loko o kā mākou māla, ua neʻe kekahi mea. ʻAʻole ia e hilinaʻi i kona mau maka, hoʻā ʻo ia a kāʻili ʻana i ka nalo. Aka aia kekahi kanaka ma laila!

Akā no ka mea a kaʻu kāne a lawe i nā bipi i ke mahinaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke kū a nānā. A i koʻu hoʻi ʻana mai, poina iaʻu i ka pili.

Hōʻalo, e hele pū ana me Zhenya i ka mea nui me ka bipi, a me ka hoʻōho ma Buyan, ua ʻike wau i kahi nānā mai ka lāʻau, a ʻike hou ka neʻe ʻana o ka ulu i loko o ka ʻōpū. I kēia manawa, hoʻi ma ke ala, ua lohi au a nānā mālie. A ʻike au. Aloha mai la ka maka o ka hae ma luna o ka moena. ʻAʻole wau i nānā pololei i ka lāʻau, akā he liʻiliʻi iki mai ka ʻaoʻao, a ua pani ʻia ka ʻike i ka ʻōpala plum. A kū ka maka o ka puaʻa ... mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻala a huli hoʻi kona poʻo i ka ʻaoʻao, no laila he nui nā pepeiao i lalo i ka ʻōpū. A laila ua kō mai ia iaʻu. He owel kekahi. ʻO wai lā e hiki ke hoʻohuli i kona poʻo e like me ... Hauoli, ua hele au i ka hale a haʻi i koʻu poʻe hoahānau e pili ana i ka manu nunu. Hoʻopau ʻo Yulia me ka hoihoi ʻana. — E hele ana wau i kakahiaka, e nānā wau, a hiki i nā mea āpau i uhi ʻia me nā lau ... -M .. ʻae ... ʻO ia nō. ʻĀnō, mai ʻae ʻoe iaʻu e hoʻokuʻu i kēia hāmeʻa mai kēia wahi, ua inaina nui ʻo Zhenya. ʻO ia wale nō kā māua i lawe a lawe mai nei ʻo Yulka i kāna palaʻai mai kona hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopua i nā huaʻai ma muli o ka wā ʻelemakule, akā he miliona miliona nā pīpī i hāpū ma luna ona. Kokoke me Pugacheva's. He kūlohelohe, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā hoʻolālā.

"ʻEhia kou luhi," wahi a Zhenya ka Nui, "ʻehiku mau lā Pōʻalima i ka pule." Ua ʻehā mākou. ʻAlulu kekahi o Owl. ʻO wai lā kekahi e hiki ke kaena i ka manu me nā pepeiao pepeiao?

1 KAHIKI HUI O NĀ WIKI O NĀ WAIWAI O kā IRKUTSK KAHOA Photo Otydml Oyvlom2 Ke paʻa nei ʻoe i kahi manu pōkole o nā manu o nā mea ʻala a me nā ʻukukū, i mākaukau ʻia me ke kākoʻo o ʻOOO Irkutsk Oil Company. Hāʻawi ka mea ʻike i nā ʻike no ka iwakāluakūmālua o nā manu o ka ʻai a me nā ʻāpana he ʻumi he nui e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻo Irkutsk, he nui wale nā ​​ʻano o nā hua manu, ke komo pū ʻia ʻana me ka Red Book o ka ʻāina Irkutsk a e waiho ʻia iā ia ka pale. Lana ko mākou manaʻo e kōkua kēia ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka momona a me ke ʻano like o ko mākou ʻākau a kōkua i kona ʻae ʻana. ʻO Victor Popov3 Pandion haliaetus SKOPA He manu nui me nā eheu lōʻihi a niki ka wili a me kahi kala ʻae: pihi ka ʻaoʻao o luna, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lalo me kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāpanaʻeleʻele, ke keʻokeʻo ke poʻo me ka uhi ʻeleʻele ākea e ka maka. ʻĀnila nā maka. ʻAʻole lei hulu nā kahu, hoʻopiʻi i ka lawaiʻa. Aia ma luna o ka wai, manuahi ka manawa ma kahi hoʻokahi. E hānai kapu i ka iʻa i loaʻa iā ia, diving mai ka lele. Hoʻolālā kūleʻa ʻia nā ʻono ma nā wahi i haki ʻia o nā kumulāʻau nui e kokoke ana i nā loko wai. Kipi 2 2 mau huaʻai, pāpale no nā lā. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka pili ʻana i nā awāwa o nā kahawai ʻo Lena a ma lalo o Tunguska a ma ko lākou mau punaha nui. Kūpono iā A. Levashkina4 KĀNOLELO MANEA O KA manu ʻoiʻu manu nui, me kahi kīkī liʻiliʻi ma hope o ke poʻo. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a ʻo ka huelo, hoʻopuʻu ʻia. He loli ka kala, mai ka brown brown i ka light ocher. ʻO ke kāne he ʻelua mau ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka huelo, a ʻo ke kaikamahine a me ka ʻōpio ke mau pinepine ka mau ʻōiwi. ʻO ka nui o nā mea manu hihiu ka nui o nā manu, nā mea hānai manuahi: nā manu, nā pua, nā bumblebees a me kā lākou pili. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i nā ʻaihu ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, hoʻonani iā ​​lākou me nā lālā hou me nā lau. E hoʻomaka ana i ka pale ʻana i ka hapa lua o Iune. A hoʻopili i 1 mau huaʻai, pāpale i ka lā. Noho kahi o nā ulu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua hiolo a hāʻule ke ahi. Aia ʻoiai ma Ust-Kutsky, Kirensky a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Katanga. ʻO ka kiʻi e M. Voronin Pernis ptilorhynchus5 He manu nui o ka waiwai nui, ʻelua o ka nui o ka nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli, nā ʻēheu lōʻihi a me kahi hiʻi ʻokiʻoki ma luna o ka huelo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e lele ana ma luna o nā wahi me nā kihi lāʻau. E hōʻea i ka wā mua o ʻApelila. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 a 20 m. I loko o ka pākaʻi ʻia he 1 5 mau huaʻai, maʻa maʻamau 2 3. Kūleʻa ka lā i nā lā, kahi ʻekahi a me ka hapalua malama ka noho ʻana o nā mea piʻi i loko o ka pā. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻaiʻai he mau ʻanuʻu like ʻole, akā hiki ke hopu i nā koena a me nā mea hihiu, a i kekahi manawa manu, e ʻānai pinepine i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala a me nā konohiki. Aia ia a puni nā wahi ʻākau o ka wahi o Irkutsk. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā awāwa a me nā kauhale e puni ana. ʻO Photo e V. Popov Milvus migrans BLACK KITE 6 Circus cyaneus FIELD MOON ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui. He lehu hina nā kāne ʻelemakule, aneane keʻokeʻo me ka pau ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā ​​wahine me kahi nuhvostom keʻokeʻo ākea a me ke kola kukui, ʻo ka piko o ka ʻēheu me kahi wahi ʻole. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio e like me nā wahine. Hōʻike ʻia e ka uila holoʻokoʻa ma luna o ka lepo. Noho ka hale ma nā kikowaena ākea, akā hūnā ia i nā pohō o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole a i lalo nā kula. Ke pipi aku nei i 2 mau huaʻai, maʻa mau iā 3 5. ʻO ka wahine incubates, lawe ke kāne i kāna meaʻai. Noho ʻo Hatching i kahi lā; e noho ana nā poʻe ʻōpio i loko o ka pūnana a i kāna mau mea huakaʻi no 5-6 mau pule. ʻO ka mea kī nui ka mea liʻiliʻi (nā kiʻi, voles), nā pepeke nui, nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā baki a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, ka ʻike maʻamau ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana ʻāina. Kūpono iā V. Popov7 Circus aeruginosus SWAMP MOON ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mahina ma mua o ka nui. ʻO ka hiʻona nui o ka plumage he brown, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā kāne kahiko i kahi ʻeleʻele ashen a me lalo o lalo, nā ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele ʻia nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma mua o nā mahina ʻē aʻe; ʻaʻohe ʻaʻahu keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa i nā wahine ʻelemakule ka pale melemele ma ko lākou mau poʻo. ʻO ka lele o ka lele o nā mahina. He kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā ʻonu a me nā mokuna o nā hale noho me nā lei o ka ʻoi a me ka pōʻai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā ʻano o nā mea kahiko, nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻalā muskrat. I ka lāiki e like ai he 4 5 mau huaʻai, incubates ka wahine no nā lā. Noho ka chicks ma ka pūnana o nā lā.ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻaiʻai ka manu i ka nui o ka pā, ʻīpī, hua hua, a me ka voles mahina, nā bako, muskrats a me nā mea hihiu nui. ʻIke pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana ma nā ʻāina pālahalaha i ke awāwa o ka muliwai. Lower Tunguska. Kūpono mai ka pūnaewele pūnaewele8 Circus spilonotus KĀNU WAIʻOHU LOHEʻO ʻO ka nui o ka mahina. ʻO ke poʻo ʻōpio ke keʻokeʻo a me ke ʻāʻī, nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻēheu hina, ke keʻokeʻo ka ventral me nā wahi i ʻeleʻele ʻia i ka goiter a me ka umauma. Hoʻohālikelike ka wahine i nā wahine o nā moʻowahine, akā ʻoi aku ka momona a loaʻa ke kaona ʻo transversely. ʻO nā ʻōpio e like me ka wahine, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻaha. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loli ʻana o ka ʻāpana, a ʻo nā makahiki a me kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kāne. Ka mea noho o nā ʻūlā a me nā kapakai o nā kahe me nā ʻāpana pōkole o ka ʻohe a me ka pōʻai. ʻO ke ala o ke ola a me ka meaʻai e like me ke kau sw sw moon, ma mua o lākou i manaʻo ʻia ai he mau ʻano hoʻokahi. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, he ʻano lūlū manuahi, manuahi. ʻO Photo e D. Andronov9 Accipiter gentilis Goshawk ʻO kahi mea kime nui, ʻoi aku ka wahine i hoʻokahi hapakolu ma mua o ke kāne. He hina hina ke poʻo, he māmā me ka lalo me nā hiʻohiʻona transverse kiʻi i nā pākeke, a me ka lōʻihi ma nā ʻōpio. Loaʻa i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke kani. Ma luna o ke poʻo iʻeleʻele, aia kahi kukui i luna o ka maka. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka huelo me nā kālai hewa. ʻĀmaʻomaʻo nā maka. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4 a 20 m, ma mua o nā wahi paʻakikī. Aia ka lālani i kahi mau lā he 5 o ka hua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā lā, a hiki i 45 mau lā, noho nā wāwae i loko o ka pā. Hoʻopukū, lele mai ka mea pio ma muli o kahi hoʻohālua. ʻO ke kumu o ke kanu ʻana i ka hapanui o nā manu ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, akā hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā mea nui aku, a me nā squirrels, hares a me nā kiʻi mouse. Ma nā wahi ʻākau o ka māhele o Irkutsk ka maka like maʻamau. ʻO ke kiʻi e N. Shaburova10 Accipiter nisus MIGITATOR Mea liʻiliʻi i ka mea nui. ʻO ke ʻano, ke ʻano kino, leo a me ka pena e like nō me ka goshawk. I kekahi kāne pākeke, nā papalina a me nā kākili ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino e ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia. He māmā a ka lele ke lele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻanuʻu ma luna o nā kumulāʻau i nā lei aliʻi makona, he liʻiliʻi ka nui a ka nile. Noho nā chicks ma loko o ka pūnana no nā lā. Hōʻeu maikaʻi nā ʻōhiu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meaʻai ma nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā manu i ka nui o ka manu, a i kahi māla pōmaikaʻi. I kekahi manawa ua hopu ʻia nā rodents a me nā pepeke nunui. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia, hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia ka mea ʻai ma muli o kahi hoʻohālua. Ma nā wahi ʻākau o ka māhele o Irkutsk ka maka like maʻamau. ʻO Photo e D. Andronov11 Buteo lagoрus ZIMNYAK ʻO waho e like me kahi buzzard. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i kahi kala māmā. ʻOi aku ka māmā o lalo ma lalo o nā kuʻi, nā kāʻei a me nā kāʻei. Aia nā wahi ʻalā ma ka lepa o ka ʻēheu a me ke kaula uliuli ma ka huelo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka mea hiki ke kau ma kahi e like me kahi kestrel. Nā ʻaihue o ka ʻōpala, nā nalo ma ka lepo a ma nā puʻu paha, i kekahi manawa ma nā lāʻau. Ma ka lāpau mai 1 a 7 mau hua. ʻAi lākou i ka polima-like like me nā kiʻī, nā lemona ma ka tundra, hoʻoilo a hoʻoilo i ka wā lele, voles, akā hiki ke hopu i nā manu. Ua loaʻa ia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka wahi o Irkutsk ma ka neʻe ʻana; hiki i kekahi mau manu ke noho no ka hoʻoilo i nā makahiki me nā kumu he nui ka nui. ʻO Photo e D. Andronov12 Buteo hemilasius MAGNOPIQUE MOUNTAIN VECTOR He like nui me kahi kīʻaha maʻamau, akā nui loa (mau ʻāpana a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika). Elua mau morphs. He ʻulaʻula a he ʻulaʻokeʻo nā manu ʻulaʻula, he ʻala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻōpū ma ka huelo, ʻōpū a me ka umauma. He māmā ka hiʻu, he nui nā kaula kohu. ʻO nā manu o ke kaleleʻeleʻele he monophonic brown brown. ʻO ka huluhulu i hulu i mua i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi a i ʻole nā ​​manamana lima. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​pōhaku. Hoʻopili i 2 mau hua he 5, incubation no 28 mau lā. Hoʻokele i nā rodents, i kekahi manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻoilo, mālama nā manu. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Irkutsk, kahi honu i nā wahi ala-ala lāʻau i hoʻonui ʻia kona wahi. Kau ʻia ka lele e ʻike ʻia ai i loko o Kirensk. ʻO nā kiʻi ʻo V. Popov13 ORDINARY KANYUK 1.5 mau manawa he nui a ka lehulehu. He brown i ka plumage, uliuli ma luna a ua mama a me ka poli me nā motots mānoʻu ma lalo. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā pale ma lalo o nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo. ʻ .pili nā manu ʻōpio. ʻEʻeleʻele nā ​​maka. I nā lele, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻano pōkole o nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo.Characteristically he keiki lōʻihi ma luna o nā ululāʻau nahele a i ʻole ʻano nahele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau kokoke i nā wahi ākea. A pāikii pinepine ʻia 2 4 mau huaʻai. ʻO Buzzard kahi meaʻīkī maʻamau maʻamau, hānai nui i nā kiʻi a me nā pā kula, akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka rodents hiki ke hopu i nā lizards, nā nakahi, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hihiu nui. ʻO ka ʻike Migratory. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, he ʻano puaʻa maʻamau. ʻO Photo e V. Popov Buteo buteo14 Hi uluetus pennatus OREL-KARLIK O kahi e like me nā ʻāʻī maoli, akā heʻokoʻa ia ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lelepan ma mua o ka mika). ʻO ka huelo, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻaila ʻē aʻe, he lōʻihi a he pōkole hoʻi, a mai lalo mau ke kukui ia, me ka ʻole ka luli. Ua ʻahuʻula nā paws e like me nā ʻaeto āpau i nā manamana lima. ʻO nā kala ka ʻelua morphs o ka māmā a me kaʻeleʻele. I nā manu morph manu, he ʻulaʻula ka nui o luna, ʻo ka lalo ke kukui me nā ʻalani a me nā wahi pihi. ʻO nā manu ʻeleʻele he polū kala-ʻulaʻula, he pinepine nā nū gula a ʻulaʻula paha i ko lākou poʻo, e like me nā ʻaeto maoli. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau. A hoʻopili 2 3 mau huaʻai. Pahu lākou i ka rodents. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia kona laulā ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻākau, e hoʻopuni ana i nā awāwa o nā kahawai, nā mālamalama a me nā ala maikaʻi. Loaʻa ia ma nā moku ʻo Kirensky a me Ust-Kutsky, ma nā wahi i ʻike mau ʻia. Photo na V. Andronov15 BIG POPULAR Photo na V. Popov Aquila clanga He ʻaeto nui o nā ʻāpana ʻihi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻēheu. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i ka ʻolima pōkole a me ka palahalaha pōkole, nā kihi o nā ʻēheu e kulou iho ana i lalo i ka wā o ka holo hoʻolālā. Loaʻa nā manu ʻōpio i nā ʻōpū, hoʻōla i nā ʻōpū i ka lulu o ka ʻeke a me ka ʻihi o ka ʻēheu. Noho ka mea nui ma nā ululāʻau. He ʻili nō ia ma nā kumulāʻau: hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā nests nui i nā lālā pā. Hoʻopaʻa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, 2 mau hua manu. ʻAi lākou i ka hānai, a hiki pū ke ʻai i nā manu, nā baki, nā alā a me ka ʻalā. ʻO ka ʻike Migratory. Ma nā māhele ʻākau, he ʻano lōlō nunui, ua komo i ka ʻākau i ke awāwa kahawai. Chona.

16 ʻO kā mākou aeto loa. ʻAno kala ke kala o ka plumage. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo, i hope o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ka wāwae haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka lele ma ka ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele me nā kumu hina. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio he wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻeleʻele me kahi kaula laula ʻeleʻele i ka hope. ʻAleʻele nā ​​wāwae a me nā wāwae. ʻAno nā pale, nā hulu i nā manamana wāwae. Ke hoʻolālā nei, mālama i ka nui o nā eheu. Aia ka ʻuʻu manu ma nā pali a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka lāpau mai 1 a 3 mau hua. Hoʻololi ka meaʻai: mai nā voles a hares, nā alopeke a me capercaillie. Nā manu Migratory, akā noho mau nā manu liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoilo. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, he ʻano līpē i noho i nā wahi mamao. Photo by B. Berezhnyh Aquila chrysaetos BERKUT17 ORLAN- LONG-TAIL Photo by V. Popov Haliaeetus leucoryphus He manu nui nui (mau ʻāpana a ʻelua a i ka hapa mika), e like me nā ʻaeto, akā me nā ʻēheu nui, ikaika, kiʻekiʻe, ʻā, he kukui ʻulaʻula. ka lele ʻana i nā mākaʻi lele (ʻaʻole i hāʻule iho). ʻEle wale ka hulu o Tarsus. He ʻano ʻaeto keʻokeʻo keokeo, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ka māmā, ka uliuli, ke poʻo a me ka ʻālike ke māmā, ʻoi ka lōʻihi, ke ʻūʻū, keʻokeʻo me kahi kīwī ʻoloke e hala, ka pūliki i ka hope. He ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio me ka huelo ʻeleʻele, nā kukui ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. Kekahi mau loea i aʻo ʻia; ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia ma Rū. Mālama ia i nā rodents a me nā manu liʻiliʻi, medium, carrion a me nā iʻa. Kau ʻia e lele i loko o ke kahawai o ka muliwai. N. Tunguska.

18 KAʻIʻEʻI - KĀWAI Puʻukui he manu nui o ka ʻai, e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka aeto gula. He ʻeleʻele ka laulā laulā; ma nā manu kahiko ke keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo, i nā ʻōpio ʻōpioʻeleʻele. He ʻāpana ʻōpala hoʻi nā manu ʻōpio i ka plumage. ʻO nā paila melemele kala ʻole me nā puʻou ikaika a keu. I ka lele, he ʻano ākea e kahe me ka lōʻihi o ka "rectangular" wing a me kahi hiʻi ʻoi-lōʻihi. I ka lele, e like me ka ʻaeto, soars no ka manawa lōʻihi me nā ʻēheu ʻole. Noho ka loko o ka loko o nā loko iʻa maikaʻi. ʻO ka nui o nā nests ma luna o nā kumulāʻau. A pāiki, maʻamau 2 2 mau huahe. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, akā hiki ke hopu i ka rodents a me nā manu (gulls, ducks). Na pua ma ke awāwa o ka muliwai. ʻIliʻā ʻo.Tunguska a ʻo ia paha ma ke kahawai o ka muliwai. Lena. Kūpono iā M. Korepov Haliaeetus albicilla19 Gypaetus barbatus BORODACH He manu nui me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi (mau ʻūhā a hiki i 2.7 m) a me kahi kāʻei manuʻu lōʻihi. Ma lalo o ka beak "beard" o nā hulu ʻeleʻele. ʻUlele nā ​​hina a me nā wāwae. Hoʻohui ka ʻolua i nā manamana lima. Ke lei ʻeleʻele lā e kuʻi ana ma ka maka (ʻulaʻula). ʻO ke kala kala he kala hina, brownish a ʻulaʻula paha, hope, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo, ka hina hina a ʻeleʻele paha. I loko o nā lele, kahi ākea o ka ʻeha. ʻŌpio'ōpiopio a ʻeleʻele me kahi lalo māmā. Aia nā nests ma nā niches a me nā alakaʻi o nā pali pōhaku kiʻekiʻe. A pipiʻi 1 2 huaʻai. Hoʻohana nui ia i ka kalima, me nā iwi ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka waiwai pio. Aia e noho ana i nā kuahiwi. Kau ʻia ka lele kaulana i ke awāwa o ke kahawai. N. Tunguska. ʻO ka kiʻi ʻo A. Kholin20 Falco rusticolus HĀ KOHAI ʻO ka nui loa o nā pore, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka lele. Aia nā kukuiʻeleʻele a me nā kukui māmā. He hina ke kala, ʻo kekahi manawa ke keʻokeʻo me nā ʻalaniʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a ʻaoʻao i lalo. "Haki ke poʻo" nalo nā, ʻeleʻele nā ​​maka. E akahele loa. Nā ʻikehele ma nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ​​kuahiwi o nā manu ʻē aʻe. A hoʻopili 2 mau hua ʻōpio. Mālama nui ia i nā manu ʻōlehu nui, ma nā wahi ninaninau i kahi mehamela, a ma ka hapanui hoʻi i ka wā hoʻoilo i nā kau. I kekahi manawa hopu i nā rodents. Noho i ka wahi o ka circumpolar. Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau i ka neʻe ʻana a i kekahi mau makahiki i ka hoʻoilo. Nui nā lono ma ke awāwa o ka muliwai. N. Tunguska ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka moku o Katanga. Photo mai ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele21 Falco peregrinus SAPSAN ʻOi nui ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nunui ma mua o nā moʻo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi gyrfalcon a me kahi saker. Ua ʻākilima nā ʻēheu, ʻo ka huelo a nani loa ka hulu. ʻĀpana kūlike. ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo, ke kua, nā ʻēheu, ʻeleʻele ka pāpale. Mālamalama ka lālā o ke kino me kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke kahakaha. Aia nā "mustaches" ʻeleʻele ma nā pāpālina (ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka pena a me ka gyrfalcon kekahi mau mea). I ka wā'ōpiopio, ua uhi ʻia ke kino haʻahaʻa i nā mottle longitudinal nui, ʻūlū-hina paha nā wāwae (ʻeleʻele i ka pākeke). Aia ia ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi me ka ʻike ʻole o nā kiʻekiʻe mauna. Makemake ʻo ia e hūnā ma nā wahi pōhaku ma ke kahawai o nā loko. Ma ka lāpau mai 1 a 4 mau hua. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka manu liʻiliʻi a me nā manu ʻekahi (i ka pigeon a me ka duck) i mau ʻia ma ka lele. ʻO ka manu wikiwiki loa, hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 300 km i hoʻokahi hola. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau i loaʻa kahi ʻano līlī manu nā peʻe o nā kahawai nui. ʻO ke kiʻi e A. Panovoy22 Falco subbuteo SHEHLOK He liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hae. Hoʻohālikelike ka kala: ʻeleʻeleʻele a me ka lalo māmā, ke poʻo ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i nā manu makua. ʻO Abdomen a me ka umauma me nā wahiʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻaukā ʻeleʻele i hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Ua lōʻihi nā ʻēheu, kuhikuhi. Wikiwiki ana ka lele a manu, a hopu wale ia i ka lewa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests i nā ʻuʻu manu kahiko, nui nā corvids. A hoʻopili 2 mau hua ʻōpio. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai ʻana i hana ʻia e nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpū nui, a he ʻuʻuku nō hoʻi i nā hua lāʻau he nui, a hiki ke loaʻa i nā rodents a me nā ʻohi. ʻO ka ʻike Migratory. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, e ʻike ʻia ana nā ʻano maʻamau o nā wahi a pau. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo V. Popov23 Falco columbarius DERBNIK ʻO kahi poncon liʻiliʻi me nā ʻēheu pōkole a me ka huelo lōʻihi. He hina ke kua o luna, he keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula kona ʻaoʻao me nā manamana lōʻihi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka huelo me kahi hopena ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā ​​wahine a me ka ʻōpio i luna, ʻulaʻula ma lalo me nā pihi o luna a ma lalo. I ka lele, ua ʻōkuhi ʻia nā ʻēheu i kahi ʻano crescent. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā nī kahiko o nā manu ʻē aʻe, ma nā niches ma nā pali a a i ka pā. Aia ka lāiki he 3 5 o ka hua. ʻO ke kumu o ka hānai ʻana i nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi thrush, i kekahi manawa ke hopu i nā mammals liʻiliʻi. Holo pinepine ia i ka ʻūlū haʻahaʻa a me ka lele manuahi. ʻO ka heleʻana o Migratory, akā hiki ke noho i nā makahiki mahana no ka hoʻoilo. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, he ʻano lūlū manuahi, manuahi. ʻO ka kiʻi e D. Andronov24 ORDINARY PASTELGA Ke liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka huaʻi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ākea o ka plumage ulaula. Ua lōʻihi ka huelo, aia nā kino i loko o nā pale pōkole, palupalu ka ʻili ʻia. ʻO ka males kahi poʻo ashy a me ka huelo (ma luna he ākea pālahalaha palahalaha), kahi poʻohiwi poʻokela a me ka ʻōpū o ke kino. He ʻōpū-ʻulaʻula ka wahine, ʻeleʻele ma luna ma ka huina ʻulaʻula a me ke kao. Ua like ka ʻōpio me kahi wahine.ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka hiki ke kau ma kahi hoʻokahi i nā ʻēheu lele e lele ana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā nū manu kahiko, nā kuʻi, nā nīnū. Ma ka lāpau mai 2 a 7 mau hua. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻaiʻai he rodents liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā pepeke nui, nā mea kīpili, nā baki, nā manu liʻiliʻi e hopu ʻia. Nā manu Migratory, akā noho mau nā manu liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoilo. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, he mau ʻano maʻamau akā ʻaʻole nui. Photo by D. Andronov Falco tinnunculus25 Nyctea scandiaca WHITE OWL He pua ʻāpana nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāne i keʻokeʻo ia i nā kala me nā ʻalaniʻeleʻele a me nā maka melemele kukui. Loaʻa nā wahine i nā wili. Kōleʻa me ka wā ʻōpio, ʻelemakule ʻelemakule mau kāne. Nā ʻeleʻele ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻāina, aneʻane ʻole ke lele ʻana i kona mau ʻēheu. Hoʻohana ma ke ʻanoʻeleʻele a i ke ao. ʻO nā moʻomeheu i ka tundra. Nā pihi ma nā kuʻi liʻiliʻi. Kipi, paʻa ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai, mai 4 a 10 mau huaʻai. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai rodent: kīwī a me nā lemmings ka hopu ʻana i nā leʻaleʻa a me nā manu, ʻoi loa nā partridges. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, ka hoʻoilo a me nā mea lele e lele ana. Kālai nui ka nui i ke ʻano o ke hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Photo by V. Popov26 He keu nui loa, kaulana loa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia ma ka tan me nā kaula ākea ākea a me kahi pākaha kiʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā hua pepeiao "well" i ulu ʻia. ʻEhuʻulaʻula nā maka. E alakaʻi ana i kahi noho pōkole a me ke ola nocturnal. Noho kaʻina a paʻa i nā lāʻau. Ua noho ʻole ka lele. I ka pō i ke kiʻi o ka moena, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka hiot i keʻano. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā ness ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe hiki ʻole ke loaʻa: nā māla, nā mākaʻi, ma lalo o ke kai, a ma ke kumu o nā kumulāʻau. Ma ka lāpau mai 2 a 6 mau huaʻai. Hoʻololi ka meaʻai, ʻo nā holoholona a me nā manu mai ka liʻiliʻi a i ke kāʻei liʻiliʻi. Nā hiʻohiʻona Sedentary. Aiaʻo ubiquitous ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, akā ʻokoʻa loa i nā wahi a pau. Kūpono iā V. Maleev Bubo bubo FILIN27 Asio otus LARGE OWL He nui aʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka manu nunu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā wahi ākea ākea ʻē aʻe. He hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa nona kaʻili a me nā pepeiao hulu, ke hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia i kekahi manawa. ʻAno maka nā maka. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohana i ke kakahiaka nui. Noho ka mea nui ma ka pilawai a me nā ʻāina kokoke i ka wai. ʻO ka mea pinepine ka noho ʻana i nā ʻuʻina kahiko o nā manu corvidae, he nui ka ʻuʻu a i ʻole i ka hale a i ʻole nā ​​hale hale. Ma ka pipi mai 3 a 8 mau hua. ʻO ke kumu o nā meaʻai: nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi, ke ʻimi nei hoʻi lākou i nā shrews, ʻōpala a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. Nui ka helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka meaʻai meaʻai. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, he mau ʻano maʻamau akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ke kiʻi mai ka punaewele28 Asio flammeus SWAMP OWL ʻOi nui ka nui ma mua o ka manu nunu, ʻoi aku ka wahine i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne. He ʻulaʻula ʻia ka kala, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama māmā o nā ʻāpana ʻala. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ka pepeiao o nā pepeiao. ʻĀlamalama nā maka. Ua malulu ke lele, he malu. ʻO ke ʻano ma ke ahiahi, akā hiki iā ia ke hopu ma ka wā o ke ao. Noho noho kokoke-wai a me nā ʻāina wai. Aia nā kuʻuna ma ka ʻāina ma waena o nā mauʻu a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau liʻiliʻi, ma ka pipi, e hilinaʻi ana i ka helu o nā rodents, mai 3 a 10 mau huaʻai. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka rodents liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopio ʻia hoʻi nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā mea kīmole, nā baki a me nā mea hihiu nui. Nui ka helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka meaʻai meaʻai. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, he mau ʻano maʻamau akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ke kiʻi e V. Maleev29 Otus scops SPLUSHKA Kika liʻiliʻi i ka nui o kahi thrush. Ke kala ʻana mai ka hina hina i ʻulaʻula me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele o nā ala lōʻihi. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ia, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā pepeiao hulu a me kahi ʻoi pōkole. ʻĀnila nā maka. ʻOiaʻiʻo i ka pōʻeleʻele. Ua loaʻa ka inoa ma muli o ka leo ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hiamoe. Pili i nā awāwa kahawai. Pau loa ka honu i nā hollows, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā nests kahiko, nā nū pōhaku a me nā hale. Ma ka lāpau mai 2 a 6 mau huaʻai. ʻAi lākou i ka hānai nui, ʻai liʻiliʻi a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻike Migratory. Ma nā māhele ʻākau i loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano līlū ma ke awāwa o ka muliwai. ʻO Lena a me kāna mau pīpī, aia nō ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i nā helu. Hoike BPopova30 Aegolius funereus MOCHONOGUE OWL Heʻu ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi thrush, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. ʻO ka plumage o ke kaei aiʻole ka brownish-hina me nā wahi kukui. ʻAʻohe pepeiao o ka pepeiao, ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia ka pale mua, ua ʻeuʻeu nā wāwae a me nā manamana lima. ʻĀnila nā maka. I nā manu ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka kala o ka pena. ʻO ka hana kahi nocturnal. Noho ka nui o nā hale taiga. ʻIke ʻia nā hollows, hiki ke noho i nā pupu. Aia ka pipi e like me 4 6 mau hua. Ma kahi kokoke i ka pale e hiki ai ke ʻano me ka hikiʻole. ʻO ke kumu o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi he mau rodents, ka mea i loaʻa i ka rustling, ka mea i hopu ma nā shrews a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hua ʻai hollows. Noho lākou i ka noho, akā i nā makahiki me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā rodents, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, he mau lāʻau lōlihi, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala huna. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo A. Andreev31 SPARROW HUNT ʻO ka ʻole liʻiliʻi, ka nui o kahi hōkū. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna he brown a brownish-hina me nā kukui māmā, ka māmā o ka ʻōpū me nā kiʻi ʻulaʻula. He pokole ka hiʻu, ākea nā ʻēheu. ʻAno ʻia ka pale mua, ʻaʻohe ʻulu pepeiao. ʻĀnila nā maka. Hoʻohana i ke ao. Noho ka nui ma nā ululāʻau puʻu conifousʻeleʻele. Nā ʻikehele ma nā hollows kahiko. A hoʻopili i ka hua 6 4 hua. ʻO ka mea nui: nā māla kula, nā kiʻi wao, nā weli a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. I ka wā hāʻule, hana lākou i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoulu ʻia ka hana i nā hollows. Nā hiʻohiʻona Sedentary. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, he mau lāʻau lōlihi, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala huna. ʻO ka kiʻi e A. Varlamov Glaucidium passerinum32 Surnia ulula HAWK OWL He mau ʻai momona makana, e pili ana me ka huih ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao a e loaʻa i ke ʻano ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona. Kāleka i hope me nā ala māmā. He melemele nā ​​maka, ua ʻōleʻe maikaʻi ka maka, ʻaʻole kua nā pepeiao pepeiao. Ua kapuai ʻia ka huelo. Hoʻomaopopo i ka wā awakea. E holo a lele a lele ka manu lele, ʻo nā mea ʻai manu wale nō e hiki ke manuahi i kahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻanuʻu ma nā wē o nā puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e liʻiliʻi ma ka hollows a me nā hapalua hollows a me nā nī o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ma ka pipi mai 3 a 9 mau hua. ʻO ka mea pio ka nui o nā kiʻi a me nā pā kula; protein, nā manu liʻiliʻi e like me ke kaomi a me ka partridge nō hoʻi. Nā helehelena sedentary, akā hiki ke hana i nā poʻe koho. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, ke nānā maʻamau. ʻO ka kiʻi ʻo V. Popov33 LONG-TALES TURBLE Hue nui, wahine nui aʻe ma mua o ke kāne. ʻO ka ulana hoʻonaninani ke kala i nā hina hina me nā wahi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. Nui ka poʻo, ʻaʻohe pepeiao pepeiao. Ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia ka mua mua, ʻeleʻele nā ​​maka. ʻO ka huelo ka lōʻihi me nā kākāʻeleʻele. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi kūlana ʻino. ʻO ka hilahila ʻole ia ma nā kumulāʻau i nā nemakule kahiko o nā manu hihiu a me nā mea wīwī, heʻuʻuku ma ka lalo. Ma ka lāpau mai 2 a 6 mau huaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā holoholona like ʻole: nā kiʻi like-mouse, chipmunks, squirrels, hares, mai hazel grouse, partridge, pākaʻoni ʻeleʻele a me nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka baki a me nā mea hihiu. ʻO kahi ʻano luhi, akā i nā makahiki pōloli hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi neʻe. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, he mau ʻano maʻamau akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ka kiʻi e P. Zhovtyuk Strix uralensis34 He ʻaka manuahi nui nui ke kolu. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me nā kala ākea ākea ākea. Nui ke poʻo me ka disc facial disc i kau ʻia, kahi ʻike maoli ʻia i nā pōpoki concentric a me ka ʻumi ʻumi ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole nā ​​pepeiao pepeiao, nā maka melemele. ʻOhākela i ke kakahiaka a me ke ao. He lōʻihi ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu, mālie ke lele. Noho ia ma ka ululāʻau kai, nui i nā wao coniferous a hui ʻia. Aia nā uka ma nā piko o nā puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe, a me nā nīwau kahiko o nā manu o ka iʻa. Ma ka pipi mai 3 a 7 paha mau hua. Ka puni ʻana o ka moena, lohi lākou, hiki iā lākou ke lele mai i kahi. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka liʻiliʻi ma nā rodents liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā manu a hiki i ka nui o nā māka pōpilikia a me nā rana. Ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, akā i ka wā e hānai ai me ka ʻai ʻole e hele ai lākou. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, he mau ʻano maʻamau akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ke kiʻi e A. Kuznetsov Strix nebulosa

ʻO ka ulu mau keiki

Kūleʻa ʻo Chicks, a ma nā lā 14 hiki iā lākou ke hiki huu kuai ana. ^ E Ha yM. E haʻalele nā ​​ʻōpio kāne i ko lākou makuahine i ka hāʻule, a noho nā wahine me ia no ka hoʻoilo. Ke hoʻololi nei nā malle i kā lākou plumage i ka wā e ulu ai lākou ma hope, ma hope o ke mau lā 30 mau lā ka poʻe ʻeleʻele i ko lākou kala.

ʻO ka manu Pakano kahi inoa hou o kekahi ʻohana pheasant nui.He nui nā inoa a nā kānaka i haku ʻia e nā kānaka. No laila, kapa pinepine ʻia nā kāne i ka polnnik, Chernysh, kosach, polevik, Birch, a me nā wahine - kahi tetark, kahi pā, kahi keʻokeʻo, ʻōpū nui, kahi iʻa kohola. He helehelena ʻokoʻa loa ia, i ka hālāwai mua e manaʻo paha ʻoe he manu iʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano nunui o nā pigeons. ʻO ka hapa nui, ua like ka manu kōlea i ka pili i kona mau hoahānau nui. Hoʻohana lākou e pili wale i ko lākou nānā kokoke ʻia, akā ma o kā lākou mau ʻano, ke ola a me ka hopena o nā ʻano.

ʻAʻole like me nā manu he nui, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā manu o kēia ʻano kamaʻāina, akā, he plumage o loko. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou e ke kumu ʻoniʻoni, kahi e loaʻa nā pili melemele a me nā kīwī, ʻona, brown, ʻulaʻula. Me ka ulu ʻana, hoʻololi ka gamma, pili i ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka holoholona lele.

Hoʻopiʻi o nā moa

He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka pīpī māmā, a maloʻo ka pua, pala a pokole. ʻAno hina ka ʻāpana o ke ʻano o ke kino ma ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula ma ke kua. Nā hulu hulu Metatarsus. He poʻo hina ka beak, he keʻokeʻo nā keʻokeʻo. He māmā nā pale. A laila ua hoʻololi pono ka lole o ka pēpē e kahi poni hina-brown i ke kumu ma ke poʻo a me ke kua, a transversing i ke kaula ma ka ʻōpū. He liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao. Hoʻohālikelike nā manu ʻōpio i kā nā pākeke, he pā piha piha lākou. I ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka mama o ka waihoʻoluʻu.

He aha ka mea e ʻai ai

Kahuʻula - nui ka manu ʻōlohi . ^ E Ha yM. Pau lākou i ka ʻai holoholona i ka wā ʻōpiopio, nā moa, akā no ka manawa ua pau ka mea nui no lākou. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi ʻano kūikawā i ka wā wai a me ke kauwela. A laila ʻai ʻia ka mākeke uliuli i nā hua kanu, nā pua, nā pua, nā pua, nā lau o nā kumulāʻau he nui a me nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu nui i kahi nui.

I ka hoʻoilo, ke kumu keʻokeʻo i ka pops i nā pua, catkins a me nā ʻōpū o nā kumulāʻau - aspen, willow, alder a me ka birch. ʻAi pū ʻo ia i nā "pine" pine cones a me nā hua juniper. Akā ʻo nā pipi i nā lā mua o ko lākou ola e mālama wale i ka ʻai holoholona a ʻai i nā manu, nā namu, cicadas, spiders, nā pūpuna, nā pōpoki, nā pōpoki, nā pīpī a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka pūnaehana hana ʻana o ka mākeke uliuli pono e pono ke waiho i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana o ka ʻai, me ka hoʻouka ʻana i kā lākou wili.

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa

Hoʻomaka koke nā hoʻololi i ka hana o kahi mānoanoa ʻeleʻele me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona mua o ka pūnāwai. E lilo loa ka mākaukau i ka ulu ʻana a me ke ola i mua o ka manawa o kēia manawa, e hāʻule ana ma nā lā like ʻole o ka mahina o Malaki, e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau manu.

Nā mākeke paleka, i kekahi mau manawa he 5-6 mau mamao mai ka ululāʻau, nā ʻōpala i loko o nā wahi me nā wai i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau paona, nā kihi lāʻau, nā mālamalama a me nā ʻōlelo ke koho ʻia no ka grouse i kēia manawa. ʻO nā wahi no ka wā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he mau nō ka loli ʻole, no laila, maʻalahi ka poʻe lawaiʻa e loiloi i kahi kalepa ʻoi ʻia e kahi ʻano hitching. I waena o nā kāne mua, ʻike ʻia nā kāne kahiko ma luna o lākou, a ma hope iho ua hui pū ʻia nā kāne ʻōpio. Ke komo nei ka poʻe ikaika i ka makahiki o ka makahiki i kēia manawa me kahi manu makua, a nāwaliwali nā mea hema ma ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopili ana i ke kaona o kēia manawa.

ʻO ka mele mele i hui ʻia o 2 mau ʻāpana. I ka hua mua, aia nā manu ma nā lāʻau, mai kahi e kani ai lākou i nā leo e like me ke kuʻi ʻana o ka manu - ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, e lohe ʻia ana he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau kilomita, e hoʻokele ana i nā leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka mele, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka chuffing, he mea nui ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele i ka lepo, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ko lākou huelo, e puhi ana i ko lākou ʻāʻī a kau i ko lākou mau poʻo.

Hoʻomaka ka hakakā mau pālua ma waena o nā kāne, a ʻano like lākou e like me nā poʻe paʻaka, e hoʻāʻo ana i nā hōʻeha hōʻeha ma luna o kekahi. ʻO kahi mākaʻula ʻeleʻele i haʻalele i ke kahua kaua, ua manaʻo ʻia he limu. ʻOkoʻa pinepine ʻia ka nui o nā kāne e ʻohi ana i kēia manawa mai nā pūʻulu he ʻumi a i ʻole he haneli paha o nā kānaka, ma kēlā mau wahi i noho ai kahi nui o nā kāleka ʻeleʻele.Ke kiaʻi nei nā wahine i ka wā o ke kau ʻana o nā ma waho, e kali ana i nā mea lanakila, a ke hele wale i ka lā a me ka lā.

Māhaka ʻaole

Kahu ka ʻuʻuku o nā ʻōhiu i loko o nā wahi i ulu ai nā hua lāʻau ulu ke kokoke - kokoke i nā strawberry puaʻa, blueberries, a me ka iwi, e ulu ana, e ʻai ana nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Koho ʻia nā wahi no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hakahaka. I waho aʻe, e like me ka minamina nui ke kahe a ke kuhi ʻia i ka lau i nā lau me nā lau, nā lālā, nā lālā, nā hulu a me ka moss. Kahi ka hohonu o ke kīla mai 4 a 6 paha kenimika, ke anawaena mai 16 a 22 22 sentimita.

I ka masonry piha, aia nā hua he 4-14 (ka maʻamau pinepine 6-8) o ka leo hoʻokahe māmā a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Hāpai ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia ma luna o nā hopena a me ka maikaʻi o ka makahiki: ʻo kā lākou helu liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i ka nele o ka liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka koke ʻo Hatching ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua hope. I nā ʻāpana hema e hāʻule ana kēia wā ma ka hoʻomaka o Mei, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau - i ka hopena o Mei a me ka hoʻomaka o Iune. ʻO ka mahalo, uaʻoi aku nā nane wahine kahiko ma mua o nā wā ʻōpio. I ka nalowale o ka masonry, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiʻi i ka lua, no ka mea ʻoi ka manawa no ka brooding i loko o kahi kīkiki ʻeleʻele loa i kikoʻī ʻia a ʻaʻohe palena paʻa.

He aha ka makemake o ke keiki?

Inā lawe aku kahi keiki o 5 (aneane 6 mau makahiki) i kahi mau ʻāpana a ʻoki ana i ka alohilihi ma luna o kahi noho, a laila pehea kāna mea e makemake ai e ʻōlelo aku i kēia (ua hele wau i ka lumi o kaʻu keiki)? ʻAʻole hiki iā ia iho ke wehewehe maopopo i ke kumu o ia hana ʻana iā ia. Ke noho nei nō hoʻi au ...

No ka ʻohana pheasant ka hale ʻeleʻele a he manu maʻamau maʻamau. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau ʻelele o nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kuahiwi a i ke awāwa o kahi muliwai nui kahi e noho ai lākou. ʻO ka nui o nā kāleka ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia ma Rūsia, hiki no ʻoe ke hālāwai pū me lākou i ke kahawai o Eurasia, kahi e waiho ai nā ʻāpana ʻaki.

He nani a nani nā hale. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ke poʻo e pili ana i ko lākou kino, a pōkole loa ka lāʻau. ʻO nā ʻano iho o nā manu he penei:

• ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, ʻokoʻa mai ka kilokileka a i ka hapa.
• Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e hiki i ke kanaono kenimita.
• ʻO ka nui o ka māka wahine a ʻehā haneri a hiki i ka kilogram.
• Lō lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kanaha kumumālima mau kenimika.

Ua nānā ʻia ka mākaukau Ua haʻi ʻia ka wahine dimorphism . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kona ʻano, ʻokoʻa ka pilina anatomical o ka wahine a me nā manu kāne, ʻaʻole helu helu ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa i loko o ke ʻano o nā hua genital.

E loaʻa ana nā hiʻohiʻona o waho:

• Mālamalama ke kala o nā kāne. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā hulu, no laila, pono e nānā ʻia, ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi i ke kukui, ʻeleʻele. Ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, goiter, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana ma waho he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i kekahi manawa kala ʻulaʻula. ʻOkoʻa ke kua o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū mai ke alo: ʻaʻole ia he iridescent, akā ʻoi aku ka brown. ʻO nā hulu ma ka huelo he peahi keʻokeʻo a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi ʻano like ʻole, ʻoi aku ia e like me ka lyra ma mua o ka pā. ʻO nā hulu ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo e kūʻokoʻa i ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele.
• ʻAʻole ʻae nā wahine wahine i ke ʻano like manaʻo e like me nā kāne, akā naʻe, nani loa lākou. Hoʻolālā ʻia ko lākou ʻōpū. ʻO ka hulu o lākou ka hulu, ka ʻulaʻula nui me ka hoʻohui i ke kala, he hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā poli. ʻO ke ʻano o kahi kiʻi ʻaina wahine wahine like me ke ʻano o kahi wahine capercaillie, eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mana o ka paʻakai ʻeleʻele ma ka huelo, a me nā mea keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma nā hulu o nā ʻēheu.
• Pono e ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā manu ʻōpio ʻole ʻōpiopio a ʻoiai nā manu ʻōpio, nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO nā hulu ʻelua ʻelua mau hulu hulu me nā kaula keʻokeʻo a me nā hōʻailona ma luna.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻi kahi leo keiki , he mau ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā kāne. ʻO nā leo i hana ʻia e ka wīwī wahine wahine i like me ka ʻaʻī moa a he ʻalike a wikiwiki wikiwiki nā kāne. Kanikau nā kāne no ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke hoʻoweliweli nui, huli nui ka ʻūlo nui i nā ʻūlū a nui hoʻi.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā hale i ka noho wale ʻana, no laila e mālama mau lākou i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā, ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi nā holoholona, ​​ma kahi o nā haneli he ʻelua. Hoʻohana pinepine i kēia gʻo nā ʻolā kahi o nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka pae like like , akā, aia ʻia nā manawa i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau kāne kāne, a i ʻole nā ​​wahine ʻokoʻa. Akā he mea ʻilihune loa kēia.

ʻO kahi mākāke pōmaikaʻi punahele he birch, no ka mea ʻo ia kāna mau pīpī i komo i loko o ka lāʻai o ka manu. Hoʻohana lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou lā ma luna o lākou, a ma hope o ka puhi ʻana a me ka ʻike hoʻōho ʻana, hūnā nā manu ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, kahi lākou i hana ai i nā siila kūikawā no ka noho mālie. I nā lā aniani, hiki i nā manu ke noho iā lākou no ka iwakāluakūmākolu mau hola a puka i ka wā wikiwiki wale nō.

Maikaʻi paha i kahi kīwaha ʻeleʻele loa kiaʻi mau ʻoe a me ke kahaha ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa . ^ E Ha yM. Mahalo i kā lākou hoʻolohe maikaʻi ʻana, ʻike lākou i kekahi ʻōpala, inā ʻo ia ka neʻe o ka ʻalopeke i loko o ka hau a i ʻole ka hele ʻana mai o kahi kanaka. Hoʻoweliweli aku ka pōʻino, hoʻolei koke nā manu i nā paia o ke kaila o ko lākou kino nui a lele koke i ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.

Aia i kahi maʻamau

E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā poʻe a pau i nā ʻāpana ala-ʻāpana oʻEulopa a me Asia. Ke ʻōlelo iki aku nei i nā ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā māka ʻeleʻele.

• Nā mauna alpine
• Mokupuni o Pelekane,
• Penikala ʻia ʻo Korea
• Wāwili Ussuri
• Kina
• Kasakana,
• ʻEulani ma
• Monokolia.

Ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻaʻole i noho nā mākeke uliuli i nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻepa hele wāwae, akā ma nā ʻāina mauna ʻē aʻe. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻololi mau ʻana i nā kūlana kime, a me ka hana i ke ʻano ikaika o ke kanaka. Eia no ke kihi, ma nā mauna Alpine, hiki ke loaʻa i nā manu ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli mau mika, ʻoiaiʻo ke kaila o kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ka ʻāina a lākou i noho ai.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o nā kānaka, ʻo nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ma ka ʻāina a mākou i manaʻai ai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike ko lākou aneane loa e nalowale loa ana ma ka East Sudetenland.

Eia nō hoʻi, loaʻa i kahi ʻōleʻa ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia, i kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi aʻe:

• I Belgium
• I Nūlani,
• Ma ka ʻākau o Kelemania,
• I Denemaka,
• Ma Pelekania nui,
• Pukika
• Scandinavia.

ʻO nā wahi punahele no ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele kahi mau wahi e hui pū ai nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, a ʻo nā wahi kokoke me nā wahi i maopopo ʻole i nā lāʻau. Ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a kokoke i nā pahū, he nui ka poʻe i ʻike pinepine ʻia. Hōʻalo i nā manu kalaiahi i nā mākulā mau mānoanoa.

Hiki i kēia mau manu ke alakaʻi i ʻelua mau ola ola: ʻelua sedentary a nomadic. No kekahi kumu, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hapanui o ka lehulehu i kekahi mau makahiki. Ke manaʻo nei paha kēia ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o nā manu e ʻoliʻoli nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele hou aʻe i kihi o nā ʻāina nui. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā huakaʻi wā ma waena o kahi mākeleʻeleʻele, a haʻalele nā ​​manu i ko lākou mau hale wale nō inā he pono kūikawā.

Nā Hoʻoweliweli

ʻO ka kīpiki, ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa i nā ʻano mau hiʻohiʻona e kōkua iā lākou e ola ai i nā pilikia paʻakikī, no laila, ua lilo lākou i mau mea make o nā mea hoʻopalapula, e pili ana i nā puaʻa hihiu, nā ʻalopeke, nā manu a me nā martens.

ʻO nā luna o luna o ka ʻohana canine e huki aku i nā manu e hūnā ana ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, a hoʻohemo koke iā lākou, me ka haki ʻana i ka paia pā o ke kaʻi. Holo pū ʻo nā Fox me nā sables i nā pua liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Hawks i kā lākou pio mai ka lewa a e hoʻololo iā ia me ka wikiwiki o ka uila.

ʻOiai ka mea maoli, e like me ka noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka mana o nā mea e kau ai ma ka keaka ʻeleʻele a hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi o nā loli i ke ola o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole kēia ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. ʻElua mau kumu i hana i kēia, ʻo ka mea mua he hana kanaka.

ʻAʻole wale ka hopu kino ʻole o ka mākele ʻeleʻele i ka hopena nui i kā lākou helu, akā i ka hana waiwai kanaka. Ke hoʻomau nei ka mākaʻi o nā ʻāina, e kū aʻe ka pilikia e ka aahu ʻeleʻele, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i nā holoholona āpau. Hoʻopau nā kānaka i nā ululāʻau, waiho i nā pou me nā laina mana, mai ka pilina me he iwakāluakūmālima mau tausani make i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He hopena maikaʻi hoʻi ʻo ka mea hoʻokipa ma ke ʻano.

ʻO nā hoʻololi i nā kūlana climatic ke hoʻopiʻi pū i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka heluna nui o nā kaliki ʻahuʻula. ʻO kekahi mau maloʻo paʻakikī mau, i kekahi manawa a me ke anuanu i ka manawa i ke anuanu. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kahi hoʻokumu o kahi liʻiliʻi, akā hoʻopilikia wale i ke ola o ke kīleʻele ʻeleʻele, ka hau ʻio ma ka hau.

ʻO nā hale māka ʻelele nā ​​kahe a lākou i kū mai ai i ke ʻano moa, ʻelua ʻelua mau ʻano manu.

• Palapala kahua (keliki keʻokeʻo),

ʻAʻohe hana

Ke kūlohelohe nei, noho ka mākele pōkole i loko o nā ʻohana i hui pū ʻia ai nā wahine a me nā kāne, ʻo ka nui o ia hipa e hiki aku i ʻelua mau manu. He mau manu manuahi manu pipi i ka lā, i nā lā i ke ʻano o ka manu i ke kūpikipikio a lele koke paha i ka ʻōpū. Hōʻele nā ​​manu i ka pō ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole bogs. Inā e kuhi ka paʻahu ʻalā i ka pōʻino, hiki koke lākou a walaʻau nui, ma ka lani ke ʻano nui lākou a me ka hoʻokō, hiki ai i ka huakaʻi lele ke hele aku i ka 100 km / h.

Hoʻokumu ke ʻano o nā manu manu i ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, noho ka mākaʻi ma luna o nā lāʻau i nā manawa āpau, a hū aku i kahi kokoke i ke kuahiʻu i loko o ka hau kahakai, e hana ana i kahi kaila hohonu i loko. Inā ikaika nui ka frost, a laila noho ka manu ma ka peʻe o ka hau ma nā manawa āpau, e puka ana i hoʻokahi mau hola e hānai ai mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole kahi kahi i ka lewa hohonu i ka lohe leo ʻana i nā manu, lohe lākou i ka nui o kahi lele e lele ai a i ʻole ka lawaiʻa.

ʻO ke kiʻi o nā kākahu ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke kiʻi o nā kākahu ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi mākaʻi kāne male.
ʻO ke kiʻi o nā kākahu ʻeleʻele.

ʻAi ke māla i ka mea kanu mea kanu, mai ka puna a hiki i ke kauwela i kāna mau kumulāʻau lāʻau, nā lau, nā huaʻaina, nā hua hoʻohui. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, a hānai pū ʻia lākou i nā moa. I ka hoʻoiwa, ua hele ka lāleʻele i ke kula no ka ʻai no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā koena o ka hua ʻai, a i ka hoʻoilo, i kā lākou ʻai ʻana, nā ʻuala a me nā ʻihi o ka birch, nā lālā manamana, nā pine pine, nā hua a me ka hua ʻula.

Ma nā ʻāina Scandinavian a me Rūsia, kahi pākeke punahele nui ke kaʻe o ka ʻaha kanaka, i ka ʻōlelo o ka nui o nā manu i pana ʻia, ʻo ka lua wale nō i hoʻopaʻa aku i ka kīpē i ka hazel a me ka partridge.

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele

Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manu ʻo ka mea keʻala, noho lākou i nā ululāʻau, nā alahele ala a me nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o Eurasia. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i nā māka nui nā mākeke kula, loaʻa iā lākou kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a he pua nani hoʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino wahine ka lōʻihi he 45 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona a hiki i ka kilokilā, aʻo nā kāne nui i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo ka loa o ke kino a hiki i ka 58 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilo.

Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism kūlohelohe i ka plumage o nā manu. He ʻeleʻele ka hulu o ke kāne, ma ke poʻo, ʻāʻī, goiter a me ke kua hoʻi i lalo, nā hulu a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole poni paha ka hulu, a ua hoʻohuihui ʻia nā makaʻala i kahi ʻōmole ulaula. ʻO ka plumage o nā wahine i kālai ʻia i ke aniani-ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā apo pepeiao, kahi melemele a me nā ʻeleʻele-brown. I nā ala like, i ka like o nā hulu o ka hulu manu wahine i like me ka wahine o ka capercaillie, ʻokoʻa wale ia i nā hulu manu ma nā ʻēheu a me ka "fossa" liʻiliʻi ma ka huelo.

I nā mākeke o nā kāne a pau, pili like ka plumage i nā ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula a i kahi ʻulaʻula.

Kāleka kāne kāne nona e hoʻomākaukau ana no ke kaua.
ʻAe hele aku ka mānoanoa ʻōpiopio.

Noho ʻo nā ʻōlima o kēia ʻano kapa kolohe ma ka ʻāpana o Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, a me ka Caucasus. Noho ʻo nā manu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me ka manawa, ʻoiai paha ʻoi aku ka nui o nā 3,000 mau luna ma luna o ke kai, a e hoʻopiha i nā nests heʻuʻuku loa - a hiki i 2,600 mika. No ko lākou mau palena, ua koho ʻia nā mānoanoa o ka rhododendron, nā hose ma luna, kahi i koho ʻia na birch me nā ʻāpana juniper.

Kue ke kiʻi o kahi kīleʻa o Kauāia e hōʻike i ka like ʻana o kēia ʻano me ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i loko o nā hiʻona o nā kanaka.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne ma kahi o 50-55 cm a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1100 gram, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - 37 - 42 cm a me ke kaupaona ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 950 grama. No ka wā lōʻihi, ua kākau inoa ʻia kēia ʻano leʻa o ke keʻokeʻo ma ka Red Red Book.

ʻO ke kapa melemele kāne kāne he manu nani a nani. ʻO ka plumage o kona kelepona ʻeleʻele kala me kahi kukui a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā hulu ʻili huluhulu i hoʻonui ʻia i loko o nā braids divergent (no laila ʻo ka inoa ʻepekema Lyrurus a me ka Lūkini "beʻe"). Aia ma ka lehelehe he ʻelua mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, nā ʻāpana poʻohiwi o lalo a me nā axillaries he keʻokeʻo hoʻi, ma luna o nā maka he ʻula ʻulaʻula, pihi a me nā wāwae he brownish-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kino o ka manu he 54-65 cm, mau ʻēhe 25-28 cm, ʻehā 17-20 cm.ʻoki ʻia ka wahine, ʻoi ka ʻūhā ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōpiopio transvers liʻiliʻi, nā pulu keʻokeʻo ma nā wahi like o ka kāne, akā ʻo ka ʻili ke nānā liʻiliʻi wale nō. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maka o ka maka. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o ka mākeke ma mua o ka kiʻi hazel: kino 41 - 46 cm, wing 22 - 24.5 cm, ʻehā 11 - 12 cm. ʻO ke ʻōpio i ka lole mua i like me ka wahine.

Kele loa ka lālieleʻeleʻele i ka wahi o ka ululāʻau o ʻEulopa a me Siberia, akā ma Siberia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka hikina o Lena, a ma Siberia hema wale nō a hiki i ka muliwai wale nō. Ussuri. Ka palena ʻākau o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mākaʻi ma ʻEulopa e pili kokoke ana i ka palena o ka nahele. ʻO ka mākeke uliuli, ʻaʻole i kū like me ka capercaillie, ʻaʻole ia he manu lele mākona maoli; he nui ia i loko o ka pulu lau o nā lāʻau a me ka mauʻu - ʻaʻole me ke kumu, ʻo kekahi mau wahi kona inoa ʻo "Pole". ʻO ka hōʻino wale nō o ke kanaka i alakaʻi i ka mea i loko o kā mākou kaila i ka wā e hū ʻole i waho o ka nahele. Akā ʻo ia ke hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia i nā wao ākea ākea a me nā nahele birch, nā wahi a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i mua o nā ululāʻau coniferous kuli.

E like me nā moa āpau, mākaʻi koke ke kīwaha laupili me nā hoahānau pili kokoke - a ʻoi loa hoʻi me ka capercaillie. Hōʻike kēlā "mezhnyaki" i ka nui o nā hōʻailona o ka capercaillie, a i ʻole kahi kaliki ʻaina.

Kuhi ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka wā o kēia wā i ka māka pōkole me ka ulu ʻana o ka poʻe holoholona i hui pū ʻia.
e hoʻomaka ka haki ʻana i loko o nā pūʻulu o nā kāne a me nā wahine, e mālama ana iā lākou iho, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā pōkole i nāhelehele i ka wao nahele, - a laila, hiki mai ka manawa like me nā puhaka a me nā larks - hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio mua o ka mākala. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o kēia ʻaoʻao ua ʻike ʻia kēia ma waena o Malaki, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau - ʻaʻole i mua o ka hopena o kēia mahina. Hoʻomaka ke mele me ka "manawa" - he ʻelemakule kahiko, ke alakaʻi o ka ʻohana hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, a ke hiki wale mai ka pūnāwai i kona pū wai a kani pū nā nāhe, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hui pū ana, i ka wā o ka pīhoihoi ʻole a lele ʻole mai ka lāʻau. Ma waena wale nō o ʻApelila mau mea, e hoʻokūkū ana i nā kohola pepehi kanaka hakakā i ka ʻāina, a lele maoli i ka nui. ʻO kahi wahi o kēia manawa, a i kēia manawa "he alanilima ka nahele a puni paha, ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina he wahiʻu he moss. Kahi a i ka wā ʻoi paha ke kipa ʻia nei e kahi kaliki ʻaina mai kahi makahiki a kau, ke ʻole ke kaʻe ʻia ʻana o nā manu mai waho aku. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ka Kosachi i ka palu ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka lā a hoʻopau i ka 10 a.m. I ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, ua hala lākou he 24 hola i kēia manawa me ka hanu liʻiliʻi mai a puni ke awakea a ma ke aumoe. Noho ʻia ka waena o ke anelau e ka poʻe ikaika, ʻoi aku ka mea hoʻowalewale i ka poʻe ʻōpio a nāwaliwali i kāna pelekane. Ua mālama ʻo Teterka i ka wā o kēia manawa ma ka lihi o nā kiko, i loko o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kumulāʻau māmā. ʻO ke kani koʻikoʻi o ke mele aloha a ka wahine ʻo Kosach he puʻu a me ka puʻupuʻu lōʻihi, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻopuka i nā leka, ʻoiai e like me ka puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa o ka ʻāʻī, e kū nei i luna, a laila ua haʻalulu, akā i kahi ʻano nui. Hoʻopau ka mutging me ka chuffa hoʻolilo lōʻihi a hoʻomaka hou. Paʻi mau ka ʻeleʻele kūpeʻe e kū nei i kēia manawa, ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻāpana, pale i kona mau ʻēheu, ke alo ʻana i kona huelo, ke kīkī ʻana i kona ʻāʻī, ke puhi ʻana i kahi maka ʻulaʻula like me ka ʻala. Nāi kuʻi aku me kahi hoa kū, ua uhai pinepine ʻo ia me ia - i kekahi manawa he mau pūʻali koa kaua e kū ana kekahi pōpō ʻōlule. I ka pau ʻana o nā ʻāpana, ke ʻoki loa a ke ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo o nā hoa kaua.Paipai ʻia nā kaikuahine liʻiliʻi i kahi mele a me nā poʻe hakakā me ka "quack" male hope, lele lākou i kahi kokoke i ke kino o ke kino a me ka male kāne i hala ʻole i kēia manawa, ʻo ka poʻe wale nō e hōʻike i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka pīhoihoi i kēia manawa. I kekahi manawa lele ka wahine a me kāna mea i koho ʻia ai i loko o ka mākaukau. Ka helu nui o nā mākaele ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa e hilinaʻi nei ma ka kiʻekiʻe o ka heluna o ka moku - he ʻekolu mai ʻehā a ʻehā paha i kumukūʻai.

Hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia nā wahine kōkeleka no ka hana ʻana, a hoʻomau ka kāne ʻōpiopio i nā kāne ma hope o ka noho ʻana o nā wahine a pau i ko lākou hua. Ma kēlā mau kāne ʻōpio, ʻo ka hapa ʻōpio, ke kahe wale nei i ka hoʻomaka, a hiki i ka wa o Iune-o nei ka manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hakakā, akā he manuahi wale nō, he ʻumi a me ka plumage - he ʻano kēia o ka mea i kapa ʻia nā "mī damu". Ma ka hoʻopau koke ʻana o lākou, hoʻomaka ka mū i nā kāne, ke hele ikaika loa nei.

Hoʻolālā ʻo Teterka i kahi pūnana kokoke i ka ʻoihana o kēia manawa, e uhi ana iā ia me ka mauʻu, ka moss a me ka hulu manu, e hoʻomaka ana ka famo manu ma ka hopena o ʻApelila, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻole o mākou i nā hua i ka wā o Mei. Nui ka nui o nā hua hua i ka pipi ma ko mākou wahi ma mua o 7-9. ʻO nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-keʻokeʻo, me nā kiʻi brown, 50x36 mm ka nui, a no laila, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka moa. ʻOi aku ka ʻike o ka hua hoʻokahi ma mua o nā hua ʻē aʻe. Noho paʻa ka wahine, a haʻalele i ka pūnana, e hānai iā ia iho, uhi mau i ka masonry me ka mauʻu. ʻOiai ke hoʻi nei, hoʻi mai ke anuanu, nā kulu hau anu a me nā ua anu i ka hopena ikaika loa i ka nui o ka hatching a me nā mea ola ola. Hāpai pinepine ʻia ka wahine i nalowale i ka pipi mua ʻana e ka ʻōpio ʻōpio. Hoʻokomo mau pua nāʻaila pua-pua a ma hope o ʻekolu pule. Ma hope he pule, ua lilo lākou i "pistons", a ma hope o ka ʻelua - lele nui lākou. Mālama ʻo Teterka i kāna pipi i ka ikaika a me ka haki pono ʻole iā ia mai nā mea koa like ʻole me ka ʻalopeke. Ke hānai nui nei nā ʻamala i nā hua waina o ka lāʻau e ulu ana i kēia manawa a me nā pepeke - ʻoi loa nā huaʻehā a me kā lākou puna. E like me nā polgams a pau maoli, ʻaʻohe kāne o ke kāne e mālama i nā moa. I ka hopena o Iulai, e lele kaʻawale nā ​​polu a hoʻomaka ka wahine. Ma ka waenakonu o Kepakemapa i pau ai kā lākou molting. ʻO kēia ʻōpio i kēia manawa ke hiki i ka nui o nā pākeke, eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ʻia ka ʻōpala "hoʻohui ʻia", ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻōpio nā kāne ʻōpio i ke kapa i ka hulu ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike hou nā manu manu i nā lāʻau, ʻaʻole loa e ʻike ʻia i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ma ka manawa like ia ʻike nui ʻia i nā pōpoki ma nā lāʻau a me nā mea ma nā wahi ākea; , nā blueberries, cloudberry, a laila currants, nā iwi, blackberry, blackthorn a me nā ʻalā hihiu, e hānai i nā hua cereal a me ka millet. Hoʻohana wale ia i ka berena, i.e. na Nowemapa, hana i ke kākāʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i kā lākou ʻai hoʻoilo, ka nui o ka birch a me alder catkins, mau pua, juniper hua, a, ma kekahi mau mea, pono. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā wahi, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o ka ʻai hemo i hoʻopau ʻia, hoʻopau ʻia e Dekemaba me nā pilala koʻikoʻi mua loa. ʻO kēia mau moena lohi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia i like me ka nui o ka pūnāwai, a hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻōhumu o nā kāne e noho ana ma nā lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena o ka ʻohi, ua ʻike ʻia nā chufskanie a me nā hakakā o nā kāne ma ka ʻāina i ka manawa i mua o nā wahine quacking. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki mai i ka luku. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hanana manuahi i ke kīwī kāne kāne ua hypertrophied a ua hoʻomake kona hōʻike kūʻē ʻana ma ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela hoʻoilo. I ka hoʻoilo, he mea maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana i hui ʻia, akā he mea ʻole nā ​​ʻohana o nā kāne. I ke ao, e noho ana nā manu ma nā lāʻau birch makamae, ka ʻupena i nā ʻūpī a me nā pepeiao, ma kahi ahiahi aniani ke aloha nei lākou e hōʻoluʻolu iā lākou iho, e noho ana ma kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.Kiʻi nui ākea ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi lāʻau maloʻo, i uhi ʻia me ka silhouette uliuli maloʻo e waiho ana i nā pigtails, ke kū nei e kū kokoke i kahi kua o kahi lāʻau honu. Hoʻololi ka holo i ka pō ma o ke ʻano pinepine, a i ka anuanu, e like me nā moa ʻē aʻe, ua ʻeli lākou i ka hau i ka pō wale nō, akā i ka ao.

ʻO nā ʻikepili a me nā mea kaupalena

ʻO nā mea wīwī weliweli loa no ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele nā ​​alopeke, martens, nā ʻalalā hihiu a me nā goshawks. ʻAno pinepine ka ʻōpio i ka hona i lalo o ka hoʻoilo, kahi a lākou e hūnā ai i nā palaho nui. ʻO ia, ʻoiai he mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana marten (maʻa sable) ʻimi pinepine nei i kahi moa moa i ka wā mālama. Hoʻokomo kā Goshawks i kahi kīhaha i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻoiai pinepine ia i ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo.

ʻAʻole pili ka mea i ʻike maoli i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka helu a me ka hoʻolalaha ʻana i ka mānoanoa ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ko lākou paʻakikī ma ke kaahu ʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaopopo ka hapanui o ka pilikia iā lākou e nā hana a ke kanaka - ka hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hoʻopihapiha o nā moorlands, nā māla lāʻau, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka mahiʻai a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻōpala alpine. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua emi ka hoʻohaʻawale ʻana o nā mākeleʻeleʻele ma Central a me ʻEulopa i ka nui, a i kēia manawa ua neʻe ʻo ia i kēia wahi i kēia wahi i nā hua liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea nui ke kiʻekiʻe i nā kuahiwi. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu i ka nui o nā manu ma waena o nā manu 100-200, a aia wale nō i nā Alps i hiki ke mālama pono ʻia. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe anthropogenic no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā manu i ka hopohopo kanaka (kūwaho, keʻa hele ʻana, ke kāohi ʻana i nā ʻōpio a me nā huaʻai, a me nā mea āpau), ka hana ʻana i nā laina mana, ka hopu ʻole ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma Norekada wale nō, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā 26,000 mau manu make i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai lākou me nā wires. Hoʻolaha ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaha ma ka wā hoʻoulu a me nā mahana mahana me nā loli maʻamau a me ke anu, i ka manawa o kahi kiʻi aniani nā hua hau i ka hau, ua manaʻo ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe e hōʻemi nui ana i ka nui o nā mākeke palaka.

Kahi helu

Wahi a nā mea kākau like ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau ʻōlelo haʻahaʻa o ka māla ʻeleʻele, a kahi wale nō nā Pelekānia Pelekane L. tetrix britannicus ka mea i kaawale. ʻO nā paʻamau nui no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā subspecies ka nui o ka "ʻōhua" ma luna o nā ʻēheu o nā kāne, ka uka ʻana o ka hulu keʻokeʻo ma nā kumu o ka lele a me nā ʻeke (a i nā kāne), a me kahi ʻano like i ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū o nā wahine.

ʻIke ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe:

L. tetrix tetrix (Linnaeus, 1758) - ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae,
L. tetrix britannicus Witherby & Lonnberg, 1913 - nā mokupuni Pelekane,
L. tetrix viridanus (Lorenz, 1891) - Mīlani Hema, Siberia Haute,
L. tetrix mongolicus (Lonnberg, 1904) - Tien Shan a me nā wahi e kokoke ana,
L. tetrix ussuriensis (Kohts, 1911) - Far East, Manchuria, North Korea,
L. tetrix tschusii - Kahiahi ʻo Yenisei, Alanui Puhi, Sayan Mountains,
L. tetrix baikalensis (Lorenz, 1911) - Baikal a me Transbaikalia.

He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Grouse nā ʻohana pheasants, kahi ākea kahi nui: he ululāʻau ia, kahi ala ala, a ʻo kekahi ʻāpana nui o Eurasia. Hiki ke hālāwai i kēia manu ma ka ʻāina o ka Leka Reka. ʻO ka pinepine, alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi, i kekahi manawa ke hele wale nei i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i ke kahawai o ka nahele, ma ke awāwa o nā muliwai nui.

He nui kēia mau manu manu:

• kaiāulu
• koi,
• kalaka ʻaina
• polū,
• Kaukahi kikowaena ʻaina,
• ʻōpala.

ʻO kekahi o lākou ua kau ʻia e ke kanaka ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpala i kēia manawa a i kēia manawa ke pale maluhia nei.

I ka hoʻoilo

ʻAʻole lele ka māka i kahi ʻāina mahana, makemake i ka hoʻoilo i kahi o kāna wahi noho mau. Hoʻolā hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia manu me ka manawa ʻino o ka makahiki: e noho ana ma hope o nā birc, ʻo ia ahaaina hoʻi ma kā lākou mau pūlima . ^ E Ha yM. A ma kahi anuʻo ia e loaʻa ai ka mahana i loko o ka hoʻoilo: hoʻohemo nei i loko o kahi wai hau i kahi kumu lāʻau, e wāwahi ana i kahi kālai liʻiliʻi maoli, e hoʻopau ana me kahi "lumi", kahi e ʻike ai ka mākeke ʻeleʻele i ka pō maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, ke lohe nei ka ʻohi o ka hau ma lalo o nā wāwae o kahi mea nāna e hoʻokokoke ana, lele koke nā manu a me ka lele ʻana a lele i luna.

Kau i kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana

Hoʻomaka ka lāliʻi ʻana i ka male ma ka pūnāwai.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā males ma ka lihi o ka nahele a i ʻole kahi hoʻopuni a hoʻomaka i ka kahawai - e hana ana i nā kani, melodic kani leo, hoʻihoʻi i nā kaikamahine liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻano ikaika lākou: neʻe lākou i ka hū, hoʻomaʻemaʻe kekahi i kekahi, e ho'āʻo ana e hōʻike i loko o kona nani a pau.

Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā wahine i ke kō hoʻomaka ke kaua . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi lākou no nā manu, akā he mea kupanaha lākou! ʻAʻole hoʻohālikelike nā kāne male, hiki i ke kāne ke hāʻawi i nā keiki i kekahi mau ʻeleʻele. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, mālama pono ka mālama i ka pā, hua a me nā moa hana i ka hana o ka wahine.

ʻO kahi ākea o ka wahi i noho ai ka wahi i noho ai, akā ua hoʻopiʻi ka nui o ke kanaka i ka manaʻo i ua hōʻemi ʻia ka pae. ʻO ka hapa nui, ua pili kēia i nā poʻe o ka ʻōpala i hele kūleʻa i ka hana mahiʻai. Nohoʻoluʻolu nā manu o ka nahele a noho i nā wahi ākea o ka nahele a me nā ʻulāʻau ʻōpala o ʻEulopa a me Asia.

Pālahalaha manu

ʻO ka hona o ka mokuahi kolu e uhi pono ana i Southern Primorye, Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni o Kuril archipelago. Noho kēia mau manu i nā ulu lāʻau kedera-deciduous a me nā waikahe, i kekahi manawa i loaʻa hoʻi i nā nāhelehele i kāwili ʻia a me ka pihi. ʻO nā scoops kolamu ka hapanui a hana i nā wander liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai.

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā kala koloki

No kahi scoop i hoʻopulapula, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā subspecies e like me ko lākou mau ʻano nui

• Otus bakkamoena bakkamoena - he kama'āina o South India a me Sri Lanka,
• Otus bakkamoena marathae - e hoʻokaʻawale mai ke kikowaena o India i ke komohana hema o Bengal,
• ʻO Otus bakkamoena gangeticus - noho i ke komohana komohana,
• ʻO ʻo Otus bakkamoena plumipes - nā kuhi subspecies i ke komohana Himalaya mai ke kūkulu ʻākau o Pakistan a Nepal,
• Otus bakkamoena deserticolor - loaʻa ma Pakistan hema, ma Oman.

Hōʻalua makahiki

ʻO ko Males ka mea mua e lele i nā kahua ulu manu a noho i kahi papa o ka aneane 1 km2 i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, kahi e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hoʻokani mele i nā mele a hiki i nā wahine. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai, e hiki ke hoʻolohe ʻia kā lākou kāhea i ka pō a i ke ao, a lohi mau ʻia wale i ka hopena o Iune. Koho ke kāne i ka nūnū a hōʻike ia i ka wahine.

Egg waiho kau

Ma kahi kiko, mai 4 a 9 mau huaʻai, maʻamau ʻo 7, kahi e moe ai ka wahine me kahi huakaʻi o 1 a 3 lā. ʻO nā hua ʻōpala a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka ellipse, keʻokeʻo. Hoʻomaka ʻo Hatching me ka hua mua, hana wale ka wahine ma loko. Noho ke kāne ma kahi e pili ana i ka pū; Ua lele ka wahine iā ia e ʻai i ka ʻai a hoʻihoʻi koke aku i ka nano. Makahiki ka manawa incubation ma kahi o 25 lā.

ʻO ka ulu ʻōpio

I ka manawa like, kū ka ʻōpio i ka ʻēheu. ʻO nā ʻāpana mua nā keiki e haʻalele i ka ʻōpū, i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai ua hahai nā ʻōpio ʻōpio iā lākou. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā moa āpau, ʻōkuhi ʻole ka pipi no nā hebedoma he hoʻokahi ma kahi kokoke i ka pūnana, a hoʻomau nā mākua i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.

I ka mahina o ʻAukake a Kepakemapa paha, a wāwahi nā lālā, a hele ka ʻōpio i nā kolamu i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.