ʻO ka elephant a i ʻole ʻo Galapagos tortoise (lat. Chelonoidis nigra) ʻo ia ka ʻohana nui o ka ʻohana o ka ʻuʻolo ma luna o ka honua (Lat. Testudinidae). Ua ʻike ʻia nā keu naʻe nūhou ma ka Honua a puni ka manawa Triassic 250-200 miliona mau makahiki i hala. No kēia mau manawa a pau, ʻaʻohe loli o ke ʻano o ka reptile.
I kēia manawa he 15 subspecies o ka elepani elepani, kahi o ka 5 mau subspecies i hala aku nei.
ʻO keʻano
Haka ke kolohe ʻo Galapagos i nā mea a pau me kona nui, no ka mea, e ʻike ana i kahi launa ʻoi ana he 300 kg a hiki i 1 m ke kiʻekiʻe he nui ke kumukūʻai, aia wale nō kekahi o kāna mau ʻulea i ka umauma he 1.5 mika. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona ʻāʻī a lahilahi, a liʻuliʻu kona poʻo a puni, ʻike nā maka a kokoke aʻe.
p, paukō 3,0,1,0,0 ->
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē, nā pōkole o kona mau wāwae e huki paha ma ko lākou ʻōpū, ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke aniani a me nā limu, ua uhi ʻia me nā ʻeleʻele nui e like me nā unahi, ʻoi aku ka wāwae me nā manamana pōkole pōkole. Loaʻa kekahi huelo - ma nā kāne ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wahine. Ma muli o ka lohe ʻana, no laila ua hana ʻino lākou i ka hele ʻana mai o nā ʻenemi.
p, ka mea pā 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻepekema iā lākou i ʻelua morphoids kaawale:
p, ka mea i hōʻea ʻia,0,0,0,0 ->
- me ka puʻupaʻa manene
- me ka ʻōpū aloha.
He kūlohelohe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o ka ua like. I kekahi, lele ka luna o ke kino ma ke ʻano o kahi waihona, a ma ka lua, pili kokoke ke ʻāʻī, ke ʻano o ka pale kūlohelohe wale nō i ka noho.
p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
Pehea e maopopo ai ka palapala elepani Galapagos e nā hōʻailona o waho?
Kaumaha a loaʻa kēia ʻano kalo nui ma kahi o 300 kilograms. ʻO ka mamao o kāna ʻāpana he aneane hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, a ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia holoholona e ulu i hoʻokahi mita! He paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻole i kahi kukupa, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi iki ka ʻili.
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka honu elepani ʻo kona ʻāʻī lōʻihi, a he mau wāwae lōʻihi hoʻi, e mahalo ʻia i luna ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo. Kele ʻia ka ʻōpala o kēia ʻelele o kēia honu "aupuni" ʻeleʻele.
No ke aha i loaʻa ai i ka launa nā inoa ʻo "elephant"? ʻO ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa i kona helehelena: ʻaʻole ia wale nō i hoʻowalewale ʻia i nā nui "elephant", nā wāwae o ka honu ke ʻōlelo nei i nā mea like me nā holoholona: he lapalapa nui loa lākou a he nui nā wāwae o ka ʻlima. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻili o ka ʻili i ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ke kālele o kahi pelu elepani he mau hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi hīmeni: ma ke alo he lūlū ʻia ia, a i loko o ke kua he lope a me kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi.
Ke hoʻomau nei i nā kukule elepani
Ke ʻano ʻōkuhi laulani
Kuhi kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana ʻāina ʻāina ma nā kūlana paʻakikī. Ma kahi a lākou e noho ai, he nui ka wela, kahi wela wela a me nā mea kanu ulu. No laila, pono lākou e hopohopo i ka meaʻai. Ma nā wahi noho, hoʻāʻo lākou e noho kokoke i nā ka nahele ākea i palahalaha, ma nā pāpū i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau, a i ʻole savannas. Ma Galapagos, noho nā ʻōliki elepani i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa.
I nā poʻe'ōpiopio, ʻo ka pale o ka pale o ka pale.
I ke ao, ua hōʻike kēia mau holoholona i ka nui o ka makaʻala, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, e hoʻohuli lākou i nā mea ʻike makapō a ʻūuli ʻole - hele lākou, ʻaʻole i ka nānā i nā mea e puni nei a nalowale i ko lākou kiaʻi. Ma ke ala, nā holoholona lōlele me nā mea lohi. No ka lā holoʻokoʻa hiki iā lākou ke hele aku ma kahi o 6 mau kilomita.
He aha nā meaʻai a Galapagos e ʻai ai?
ʻAi ʻia ka ʻōpala elepani i nā mea kanu. ʻAi maoli ʻo ia i nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo: he lau paha ia o ka pua a kūmaʻa cacti, mauʻu ʻōpala a ʻōpio paha. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā laikini lāʻau a me nā hua o nā hua a me nā hua ʻai. ʻAi ʻia ka honu a me nā algae, a me nā mea kanu aku. Akā ʻo nā mea maikaʻi loa nāna e a mau loa ... mau kamato!
Pōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi nā ʻōuli Galapagos no ka poʻe, nāna naʻe, i hoʻohana i kēia, ka mea i hoʻohiki i ka pau ʻana o kēia mau ʻia.
ʻAʻole inu ka mea honu i ka wai, no ka mea, he waiwai kāna e waiho ai no nā manawa he nui i loko o kona kino.
Hōʻailona i nā kukuna elephant
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai ʻApelila a Nowemapa, kau nā wahine i kā lākou hua. ʻIa ʻo ia i ka wahi like, i hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā mākua mālama. Hoʻokahi ʻia kahi kūloko mai 2 a 20 mau huaheʻe. ʻEono mahina ma hope aku, e puka mai ana kahi hanauna hou o nā ʻōlapa o ka ʻāina i ka "pūnana" o nā hua i kau ʻia.
He kukuna lauahi i mea pūpū ʻia mai kahi hua.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōiwi elepani i nā holoholona lōʻihi. Kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā i noho ai lākou i 100, a ʻo 150 paha, mau makahiki!
Vulnerable nānā
I ka pilina me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lehulehu no ka waiwai, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia ma mua aʻe o hoʻokahi haneli ma mua, ua hāʻule kēia mau ʻōlo i lalo o ka ʻoihana o nā hui honua no ka pale o ka kūlohelohe. I kēia manawa, paʻa kā lākou mau helu e pale aku ai i ka luku piha ʻana i kā mākou honua.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
I ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe e pili ana i kēia reptile
ʻO ka mea mua loa iā lākou e ʻike e pili ana i nā reptile elepani i ka makahiki 1535, i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai ka mokupuni ʻo Sepania i nā malihini. Ua loaʻa ka nui o nā honu i luna o lākou, a laila kapa ʻia ka mokupuni ʻo Galapagos, aʻo ka huina he 250 tausani mau kānaka. I loko o nā haʻawina o ka poʻe Spaniards, ua ʻike ʻia aia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā holoholona i ʻelua mau mita, a ʻo ka nui o ke kaumaha he hapalua mau ton, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia mea iki.
Huli ʻia ʻo Galapagos, a nā ʻōlule elephant Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā Kānila e loaʻa ka aila, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka cosmetology e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, a no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. E hoʻopau loa ʻia ka holoholona, no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 17-18, ua ʻike ʻia ka makee i ka luku, a i ka 19 o nā kenekulia, ua make nā mea make wahine e pili ana e hoʻomoe i kā lākou hua.
ʻO ke ʻano ma nā mokupuni o ka puaʻa, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio hoʻi ua hōʻino ʻia ka kānaka, ua ʻai pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā honu liʻiliʻi. Ua luku maoli ʻia ka ʻaihue e nā kahelehe, nā kao a me nā hoki na ka mokupuni i lawe ʻia i ka mokupuni.
I nā makahiki 80, ua emi iho ka nui o ka chelonoidisnigra i 3,000 poʻe. I mea e mālama ai i kēia ʻano, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kahua kahi i ʻohi ʻia ai nā hua pipi a mālama ʻia. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o kēlā kanaka, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka hihiu. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia mau hana i ka nui o nā pōlani elephant i ka 2009 i 20,000.
Mai ka moku ʻo Galapagos no ʻEkuador, ua pāpā ke aupuni i ka hopu ʻana i nā lau, a me 25 mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1959, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka National Park. Mai ka makahiki 1965, hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā kukupa me ke kōkua o kahi incubator, o ka ʻewalu mau mau ʻia i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū mua o nā hua manu.
ʻO nā ʻoki manu
ʻO nā holoholona loea e lohi nei i ka holoholona, akā i ka manawa o ka māla e lilo i mea ikaika a pāʻani i ka pāʻani. Ke ʻimi mau nei nā ʻelele i nā wahine. Ke hālāwai me ka malihini, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku i ka hakakā. Aia ke alo, kūʻē ka poʻe kūwaho i kekahi i kekahi, e hāmama ana ko lākou waha a palu me ko lākou mau poʻo. A laila hele mai ka hoʻouka, me nā leo nui a me nā palu ʻōwili i hōʻalo iā lākou iho i kēlā me kēia, e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻāʻī i ko lākou mau wāwae a i ʻole ai. ʻO ke kāne ʻē aʻe, nāna i hiki ke kīkē i ka ʻenemi, e huli iā ia i kona kua, e hāhai i ka pōʻai aniani a me ka pono o nā kino kūlohelohe. Ma kēia kūlana, lilo ka honu i ka nāwaliwali, i kekahi manawa i ka lōʻihi ke lōʻihi ma ke kua e alakaʻi ai i ka make, no laila e ho'āʻo koke ka hoa paio e lele koke i kona mau wāwae i kahi hiki. Haalele ka holoholona hihiu i ke kahua, a noho hoʻi ka mea lanakila no ka moe ʻana, ma hope koke e haʻalele ai ka wahine. Hiki i ka ʻaina ke holo ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā e manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā mahina ʻoi loa ka mahina mai Iune a Pepeluali.
No nā hola he nui, ka eli kekahi ma ka one a ma ka ʻāina maloʻo paha i ka punawai e pili ana he 30 cm hohonu, kahi e waiho ai nā hua he 15 ma hope aʻe. Kūleʻa kēlā me kēia hua i ka 80-150 g ka lōʻihi a hiki i 5 cm. Aia ka nui o nā hua i ka subspecies.
Hoʻokomo ʻo ʻoe me ka hua ʻana
Hiki i ka wahine ke ʻeli a ʻekolu mau wai a hoʻopiha iā lākou. A laila ua piha lākou me ka honua hulahula. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili i kahi pulehu, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka makika pono e pono ai.
ʻO ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā lau keu e hiki mai ana i loko o 2-3 mau mahina, ma mua o lākou i hānau ai i ka ua.
I ka hihia o ka maloʻo lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka wā inkubation a 8 mau mahina. Inā ʻole ka ua, ʻaʻole hiki i nā honu ke koho i waena o ka pulehu o ka lepo. ʻO nā pēpē i hānau ʻia a hiki i 100 g ka lōʻihi e lōʻihi aku ai ma kahi o 6 cm. I ke ao, nā kika honu i loko o nā hale, a hele a leʻaleʻa i nā lau nahele i ka pō. Ma hope iho o nā makahiki 10-15, hoʻololi ka honu i kona wahi i noho ai i kahi waiwai i ka meaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka kāne ma hope o 15 mau makahiki o ke ola. Ua mākaukau ke kanaka no ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma hope o 40 mau makahiki, i ka pio ʻana i mua ma mua - ma 20-25 mau makahiki.
Puke ʻula
Nā kumu i hāʻule ai ka honu i ka puke ʻulaʻula - hōʻemi i ka nui o nā ʻano lāʻau no ka nele o nā meaʻai. No laila, i ka kenekulia 19, ma muli o ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu e nā kao hihiu, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Pinta, ʻaʻohe mea i koe i ka ʻai no nā honu. Eia kekahi, i nā 70s, ʻo ka reptile he mea maʻalahi no ka poʻe poʻomanaʻo ma muli o kā lākou lohi a me ka lohi, ma muli o kēia, ua hōʻemi loa ʻia ka nui. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hope loa ma ka mokupuni i 1972, hāʻawi ka poʻe loea i ko lākou ikaika a pau e kiʻi ai i ka hua a hoʻi i ka kūlohelohe. No laila, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka holoholona ma loko o ka Puke ʻaha.
Ehia makahiki e ola nei
Noho ka lauwai lau Elepani i ka ulu lāʻau 'ana, ma ka manawa maʻamau, ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki aku, ʻoiai i ke pio ana, hiki i ka 140-150 mau makahiki ke manaʻolana. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea lōʻihi ma kona inoa ʻo Harriet, nona ka makahiki i piha ʻo ia i ka makahiki 170 ma loko o kahi kaila holoholona Australia.
He ʻauhau
Latin inoa - Chelonoidis nigra
ʻLelo Pelekane - ka ʻoki ʻaʻa mokupuni, Galapagos nui
Papa papa - Reptiles a i ʻole Reptiles (Reptilia)
ʻĀina - ʻUmi (Chelonia)
Ka ʻAkua - ʻĀpela Kūlana (Testudinidae)
Genus - Kākoʻo ʻāina ʻAmelika (Chelonoidis)
Ke kūlana ʻona
Wahi a ke kūlana mālama honua, ka turtle elephant - kahi ʻano hopena i pau o ka paeʻāina o Galapagos - e pili ana i nā mea hōʻeha - IUCN (VU).
Ua emi ka nui o kēia mau honu mai ka 250,000 i ka 16th kenekulia a me ka palena haʻahaʻa o 3,000 i ka 1970. ʻO nā kumu nui no ka hōʻemi nui ʻana: 1) nā māka lawaiʻa e hopu ana i nā ʻōpio no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka "ʻai kīʻaha ola", 2) me ka luku ʻana i nā nohona kūlohelohe, 3) lawe i nā holoholona i haole aku iā lākou - nā kaole, nā kao, ka puaʻa, nā ʻīlio puaʻa. ʻO nā 15 mau kumulāʻau mauʻu pīpī elepani, he 10 wale nō i ola i kēia manawa.
Ua hana ʻia nā hana ʻemipopona e mālama i nā ʻōlani elepani, i ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou i ke pio ʻana, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā mokupuni e pili ana. I kēia manawa, pale ʻia nā mokupuni āpau o Galapagos, a me ke pale ʻana o nā pōlele elepani i laila.
Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 21, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā lau nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka mauka o ka nui o ka mea i ʻike ʻia.
Nānā a me ke kāne
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻenemi elepani, no laila ʻo ke kumu mua o nā haunaele a kēia holoholona hihiu. ʻO kekahi kumu nui no ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka helu a ʻo ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o kēia ʻano holoholona ʻo ia ka hopu ʻana i nā honu no ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka 'ai a ke ola olaola'. Ua hopu ka poʻe holo moku ʻEnelani i nā honu a waiho iā lākou ma nā wahi o ko lākou mau moku, kahi i ola ai nā honu no kekahi mau mahina i ʻole ka wai a me ka meaʻai, a laila ua ʻai ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki iwakāluakūmaha, ua like a luku ʻia ʻo nā lau o nā ʻĀlele elepani.
ʻAʻole pale ʻia ka mokulele elepani ma Galapagos Islands. Ma nā mokupuni kahi e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau ʻōiwi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae pū i kahi alakaʻi a i ʻole kekahi limahana o ke kahua kīʻaha o ke aupuni a neʻe ikaika i nā ala i kau ʻia.
Mai ka makahiki 1959, ua hana ʻo Charles Darwin Research Station i ka mokupuni o Santa Cruz, a ma waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i nā pua nani a ka mokupuni, ke noiʻi nei lākou a kau ʻana i nā ʻano lawepua. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā holoholona, no ka mea aia i kēlā me kēia mokupuni o ka mokupuni ka mea nona nā subspecies. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i kekahi nui, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke ʻano. Inā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka subspecies o ka honu, ʻaʻole pili kēia kanaka i ka hana hoʻoulu. No laila, ʻimi ʻo nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka helu o nā pōpoki elephant, akā, no ka mālama ʻana i ka kūʻokoʻa o nā manu o nā mokupuni.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
Noho wale nā ʻōlani elepani ma nā mauna Galapagos mokulele, i.e. he mau lāʻau endemic. ʻO nā poʻe pīkole o Sepania ka mea i ʻike i nā mokupuni i ka makahiki ʻumikumamāono a loaʻa i kēia mau reptile nui ma laila, hāʻawi ka mokupuni i ka inoa ʻo Sepapa galapago, ʻo ia ka honu. No laila, i ka unuhi maoli o nā Galapagos - ʻo nā mokupuni lau.
Kāleka
ʻO ka ʻekahi elepani ka nui ma waena o nā lau o nā kaona ʻona, hiki i kona paona ke hiki i 400 kg, a ʻo kona lōʻihi ma mua o 1,8 m.
Ma nā ʻākana subspecies o ka ʻenehana elepani, aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka honu - carapace. Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i 2 mau pūʻulu nui: 1) ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, nā ʻuʻuku a ʻoi aku ka nui me ka ʻōpala like. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻO ka paona o nā wahine i 27 kg, mau kāne - a hiki i ka 54 kg. 2) ma nā mokupuni nui me ke anuanu ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māla, ua nui ka ʻōhule, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou mau ʻihi a noho. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui o nā wahine a me nā kāne, ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻO ka hala ʻole o nā mea i kau ʻia ma nā mokupuni ua alakaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka ʻūpī i kahi kime elepani. Mahalo i kēia mea, hiki i nā ʻūhā ke hiki i nā lālā mamao loa a ʻaʻole i ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke "wehe" ʻo ia i ka pena i mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kino o nā kino i nā wahi ola i loko o nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ka hānai kai a me ka hānai
ʻO nā holoholona ʻōlima he holoholona holoholona hānai. ʻO kā lākou kīʻaha ʻano nui nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. He mea nui ia e hiki i nā honu ke ʻai i nā mea make nui me ka ʻole e hoʻopōʻino iā lākou iho, no ka make maoli no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa aia nā mākaʻi "ma ke ala" hiki ke hopu i ka rodent aʻai i ka ʻai.
Maʻalahi ʻole e inu nā ʻōlapa a me nā māla a me nā ʻehā o nā mea kanu, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole a hiki i 6 mau mahina.
ʻO ka ola ma ka zoo
I loko o kā mākou zoo e ola i kēia mau honu 4 elepani (ʻoi aku paha 2 mau pai). No nā poʻe āpau āpau i nā poʻe subspecies Ch.nigra porteri - he ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka Santacrus elephant tortoise. Ua hānau ʻia lākou i USA ma 1992 mai nā mākua ʻē aʻe mai nā ʻāina Galapagos e like me ka papahana inter-zoo no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā holoholona luhi ma ka noho pio ʻana. Ua hōʻea lākou i Moscow mai ka Brookfield Zoo ma Chicago. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ho'āʻo hoʻohālikelike hou ʻana i kēia hana, akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nui maoli ʻana.
I ke kauwela, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻia i loko o ka keaka hāmama ma kahi kokoke i ka terrarium, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokahi ka mālama o hoʻokahi i mālama ʻia i ka Terrarium, a ʻo ka lua i ka puhopu manu a Birds and Butterflies.
ʻO ka meaʻai o nā honu i nā lā he nui o nā mea kanu (ma kahi o 12 kg i ka hoʻoilo a me ka 16 kg i ke kauwela (kāpeti, kāloti, hua, lūlū, mauʻu, ʻaihue, a me nā mea) a me 1 kg o nā holoholona hānai (ʻai, hua manu, iʻa).
Loaʻa nā kānaka a me nā elephant
I ka makahiki 1535, ʻike ka Spaniards i kahi mokupuni ma ka moana Pakipika, 972 km komohana o ʻEkuador. Nui nā ʻano honu nui i loko o kona mau mokupuni a kapa lākou ʻo ia iā Galapagos Islands (ʻĀpana: Galpago - "mākaʻi wai"). I kēlā mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou lehulehu ma mua o 250,000 poʻe.
Wahi a nā moʻolelo o nā poʻe kipa o kēlā mau makahiki, nā reptile nui e kau ana ana i 400 kg a ʻo ka lōʻihi o 180 cm nā manawa ʻaʻole i piha ʻole.
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe Spaniards iā lākou ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai a pau, a ma hope mai e loaʻa i ka aila peno, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻonaninani e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili. I ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā kukukahi elephant, ua hoʻākāka nui ʻia nā kaihilike, aia i nā kenekulia XVII-XVIII i ko lākou mau waihona kumu kūpono ma ka ʻāina. I nā kenekulia 19, ʻo nā mea inu nui i pepehi i ka wahine i hele mai no ka waiho hua manu i hana ʻia i ka pōʻino nui o ka lehulehu.
Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Galapagos, ua puka pū mai nā ʻīlio puaʻa, nā puaʻa a me nā pōpoki e ʻai ana i nā hua liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā hoki nāu, nā kao a me nā kiʻi i lawe ʻia ai i ka mokupuni. Nā keiki a Herbivores e hānai i nā pōloli i ka pōloli, i kekahi manawa e ʻāʻū i nā mea kanu loloa.
I ka makahiki 1974, aia i loko o nā pōhiku maulani he 3,060 wale nō. I mea e mālama ai i ka ʻike, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahua ʻepekema ma ka mokupuni o Santa Cruz, ka poʻe limahana e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā hua ʻolo, a ma hope e hoʻokuʻu i nā wai ʻōpio. Mahalo i nā hana i hoʻokō ʻia, ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 2009 ua heluna ko lākou heluna he 19,317 mau kānaka.
No nā moku ʻo Galapagos kahi ʻo ʻEkuador. Ma nā mokupuni i noho ʻole ʻia e ka mokupuni, ua ʻāpono ke aupuni ʻo ʻEkuadiano i ka hoʻopio ʻana i nā pōpoki elepani i ka makahiki 1934, a i ka makahiki 1959 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka National Park. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kā lākou ʻano hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka makahiki 1965. Mai nā mau honu he 8 i ʻohi ai, ua hōʻiliʻili e ka poʻe ʻimi i ka pūʻulu mua o ka hua a me ke kōkua o kahi incubator i loaʻa i nā lau o nā "ʻenehana" ʻano mua.
ʻAno lawehala
Ke alakaʻi nei nā ʻōlani Elepani i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka lā. Makemake lākou e hōʻuluʻulu i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 20-30 kanaka a me kahi bask ma nā wahi i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia e ka lā me ka lepo lua pele.
I ka wā maloʻo, e waiho nā honu i nā haʻahaʻa a piʻi i uka i momona i nā mea kanu. I ka ua nui, hāʻule lākou i ka ʻāina mahana, i uhi ʻia i ka lau māla.
Hele nā ʻōpiopio i nā ala like i kēlā me kēia lā mai kēia hanauna a i kēia hanauna, e hoʻonohonoho pono i nā haleka e ʻai ai, hoʻomaha a ʻauʻau paha. I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka poʻo e nānā aʻai.
He kukū elepani e piʻi ana i 4 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka twilight, a hūnā nā reptiles i nā kuʻekuʻe i ka lepo a i ʻole ma ka undergrow. ʻIke maikaʻi lākou i nā pulu wai a nā ʻaukaha paha. Hōʻalo ka pō o nā mokupuni, no laila e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka wela i loko o nā neʻe ʻana.
ʻO ka leʻaleʻa punahele o nā higants ka nui o ka ʻiʻo o nā pears prickly. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua momona kahi lau ʻono ʻono, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka reptile me kāna paila a pīpī aku i kahi ʻāpana ia ia. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoki ʻia nā ʻalopua a me kahi beʻokiʻoki, a laila e ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻāno a me nā alelo.
I ka manawa maloʻo, ke paʻakikī nā limu e ʻike, ua lawe ka paʻakai i ka wai ma o ka ʻai ʻana i ka cacti. Mālama ka ʻāina maloʻo nui i hiki i ke ola i ka make, kahi e, i ka wā e wāwahi, e hāʻawi i ke kino i ka wai.
Ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, ua honu ke anuanu i kona kalewa, e kiʻi ana i kona mau wāwae, ʻāʻī a me nā poʻo. Hoʻopili i nā wāwae mua i ke poʻo, a ʻo nā ʻeleʻele o nā wāwae hind i uhi i ke kahe ma waena o ka plastron a me ka carapace.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka wahi hānau o nā lau ʻo Galapagos ka mea maoli o ka mokupuni ʻo Galapagos, kahi i holoi ʻia e nā wai o ke kai Pākīpika, ua unuhi ʻia ko lākou inoa ʻo "Turtle Island". Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Galapagos ma ke Kaiʻula - ma ka mokupuni ʻo Aldabra, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi nunui.
p, ka mea pā 7,1,0,0,0 ->
Ua ola ke koʻi ʻo Galapagos i nā pilikia paʻakikī - no ka mahana wela o nā mokupuni he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā mea kanu. No ko lākou wahi noho, koho lākou i nā haʻahaʻa a me nā lāʻau i ulu nui ʻia me nā lewa, e like me ka peʻe i nā mākeke ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Makemake nā kānaka nunui i ka ʻauʻau pālolo ma nā kaʻina wai; no kēia, ʻo kēia mau mea momona e ʻimi i nā lua me kahi ʻōpū wai wai a kanu lākou iā lākou iho me ko lākou kino āpau.
p, paukiki 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano maʻamau
Hoʻopili nā lā a pau i ke anilā i loko o nā māla a me ka hana ʻaʻole haʻalele i ko lākou mau wahi moe. E pō wale nō ke hele lākou i hele no ka hele wāwae. Ma nā kalaʻeleʻele, aneane ʻole nā pale a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ko lākou lohe a ʻike ʻia.
p, ka mea pā 9,0,0,0,0 ->
I ka ua maloʻo a i ka ua ʻole, hiki i nā lāʻau ʻo Galapagos ke neʻe mai kahi mai kekahi i kekahi. I kēia manawa, hōʻuluʻulu pinepine kekahi kanaka kūʻokoʻa i loko o nā hui o 20-30 kanaka, akā ma ka hui pū he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi lākou e pili ana me kekahi a me ke noho kaʻawale. ʻIke wale nā kaikuaʻana iā lākou i ka wā hānai.
p, paukō 10,0,0,0,0 ->
Hoʻomaka ka manawa make i ka mahina o ke kō, ke kau hua manu - i ke kauwela. Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia ka inoa lua o kēia mau holoholona luhi no ka mea i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka hapalua ʻelua, hana pono nā kāne i nā kani ʻāhane, e like me ka ʻōpū o ka elephant. I mea e loaʻa ai kāna mea i wae ʻia, ʻo kāna kāne kāne iā ia me kona ikaika a pau me kāna huʻapuʻi, a inā ʻaʻohe ʻano like kēlā ʻano, a laila kāohi ʻo ia iā ia ma nā ʻūhā haʻahaʻa a ke kau nei ka wahine o ka puʻuwai a kau iā ia i loko o kona mau wāwae, pēlā e wehe ai i ke ala komo i kou kino.
Kūpono hua manu ʻO nā ʻōlapa elephant i nā lua i eli ʻia, ma loko o kahi waiho i laila ke hiki a 20 mau huaʻa ka nui o ka pōlani. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i nāu nā hua pālua me ʻelua o ka makahiki. Ma hope o nā lā 100-120, e hoʻomaka nā keiki liʻiliʻi e puka i waho o ka hua, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole ko lākou paona iʻoi aku ma mua o 80 karamu. Loaʻa i ka uluʻana o ka wā'ōpiopio i ka wā'ōpiopio i ka makahiki 20-25 o nā makahiki, akā, ʻaʻole ia he pilikia i ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi ke ola ʻana o ke kanaka nui - 100-122 mau makahiki.
p, paukiki 12,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Galapagos palapala.
ʻO ka ʻāpana Galapagos kekahi o nā mea nui o ka ʻōpio terestrial: ʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi ʻāpana ʻeke e hiki i 122 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i 300 kg. I nā ʻōlima ʻōlima elepana ʻē aʻe, mau ʻokoʻa kaʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ka hoʻohālike o ka pūpū. Aia ke manaʻo i ka ʻōpala neʻe i kahi ʻaukā i hiki ai i nā nika ke kue i nā mea kanu ākea a lele i laila.
Ma nā hoa ʻōlule laululu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, akā he mau manawa kūpono lākou no ka hana kolohe. Hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua he 22 o ka aneane spherical, me ke anawaena o 5-6 cm a kaupaona a hiki i 70 g.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka poʻe Galapagos e ka poʻe ʻEulopa, hoʻomaka e nā honu elepani e nā lawele e like me "kaʻaʻaʻai ola" - waiho ʻia lākou i kahi paʻa, kahi i hiki ai iā lākou no kekahi mau mahina me ka wai ʻole. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā moʻolelo o nā nīnau moku, he 79 mau mea kūʻai aku no ka 36 mau makahiki ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 19 ua lawe aku ʻo 10,373 mau ʻōniu mai ka mokupuni. I ka huakaʻi, i nā kenekulia XVII-XVIII, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hale moʻokalaleo, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau pūlani elepani i luku ʻia, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā mokupuni o Charles a me Barington, ua pau loa lākou, ʻoiai ma ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i make lākou.
Kahuli manu
ʻO ka ʻoki ʻāina nui loa i ka honua ʻōlapa elepani. ^ E Ha yM. Ua kāhea ʻia ʻo ia ʻO Galapagos palapalano ka mea he hopena ia ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Galapagos. He ʻīpuka kini ka lua pele e kū pono ana i ka ʻāpana ʻ equkelika ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pākīpika 970 km mai ke kahakai o ʻEkuador. Nā manaʻo nui o nā mokupuni he 13. Akā, noho wale nā honu nui i 7. Ma ʻEulopa, ua aʻo ʻia lākou e pili ana iā lākou i ka makahiki 16, i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai nā mokupuni e nā Helene Helene.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
E hana ana ka hana hoʻoulu i ka makahiki, akā he mau pālahalaha kū i ke hanana ma Pepeluali - Iune a hui pū ʻia me ka ua nui. I ka wā moe, hoʻokūkū nā kāne i nā hakakā maoli. Ua palake lākou me kēlā me kēia, kū i ko lākou wāwae hind, kau i ko lākou ʻāʻī, wehe i ko lākou waha. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kāne me nā kāʻei liʻiliʻi e recress a hoʻopaʻa i ke kuleana e aloha i ka mea nui.
Aia nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā kapakai maloʻo. Hoʻomau nā wahine i nā ʻuʻuku o ka hua manu ma ka eli ʻana o ke one me ko lākou mau wāwae hind. No nā lā he ʻeli lākou i nā lua me ke anawaena o 30 cm. Ua waiho ʻia nā hua manu i loko o ia mau ʻuʻuku. I ka pipi e loaʻa pinepine ai 16 nā hua. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano kikoʻī, a ma ka nui o ka hua ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka pōpō billiard. Kahi ma luna o nā hua, ka wahine e hoʻolei i ke one i hoʻowalewale ʻia me kona urine. Ma hope o kēia waiho ʻana i ka masonry e hoʻohua. I ka wā hoʻohiki, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho mai 1 a 4 mau ʻāʻī.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka mahana i ka wā incubation. Ina he haʻahaʻa, a laila nui aku nā kāne kauhui, a inā kiʻekiʻe, a laila hānau ʻia nā wāhine. Haʻalele nā honu ʻōpio i kā lākou huki ma hope o 4 mau mahina. Kaupaona lākou he 50 g me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 6 cm. E kūleʻa lākou inā māla ka honua. Akā inā maloʻo a paʻakikī, a laila make ka ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio.
Hoʻokumu ka poʻe ʻōpiopio i nā makahiki he 10-15. Hele ʻo ia i ka moekolohe ma 20-25 mau makahiki. I ka nahele, ua noho i kahi honu elepani i kahi 100 makahiki aku nei. Akā i ka pio, hiki i ka manaʻolana ke hiki aku i nā makahiki 150. ʻO ka wā kaulana loa ʻo kahi ʻekō ʻo Harriet kona inoa. Ua make ʻo ia i ka 2006 ma kahi pālule Australia. I ka manawa make, ʻo ia kona mau makahiki 170 makahiki.
Polika lōʻihi
ʻO ka mea nona ka moʻo inoa lōʻihi e ʻike ʻia nei ʻo ia ka mea nui elepani Garietta, a lawe maila ʻo Charles Darwin mai Pelekane i Galapagos Islands i ka makahiki 1835. ʻO ka ʻōpī ka nui o ka pā, no laila ua hoʻoholo lākou i hānau ʻia ma ka makahiki 1830.
I ka makahiki 1841, ua hiki aku ʻo ia ma Brisbane Botanic Garden ma Ausetalia. Mai ka makahiki 1960, noho ʻo ia i ka Zoo o Australia. Ma Nowemapa 15, 2005, hoʻoliʻoli nui nā mea moʻomeheu iā 175 i kona hānau ʻana i ka makahiki 175. Kaupaʻa ʻia "pēpē" 150 kg.
I Iune 23, 2006, make he wahine lōʻihi lōʻihi ma hope o kahi maʻi pōkole mai ka puʻuwai pu ʻole.