Kūpono maikaʻi nā kukū pīpī a maikaʻi ʻole ka pōʻino, ʻaʻole lākou e ola lōʻihi - ʻo kekahi mau mea i ka manawa hoʻokahi wale nō ma kahi pule, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu i kēia manawa. Akā kā lākou hua hua - nāu - nā mākaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻokū maikaʻi ʻia.
I kēia manawa, helu inoa ʻia nā lauwī i waena o nā ʻenemi hewa loa o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO kēia he mea hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia - i nā makahiki makemake i kēia mau mea hihiu, hiki iā lākou ke luku aku ma mua o ka hapa o ka hua.
Akā ke manaʻo nei ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau. Aia nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Leafworms - nā pōlio, nā ʻūlū, nā pōpoki, nā hens, nā hedgehog a me nā mea'ē aʻe o ka honua holoholona. A i ka hana ʻana i ka pae ola koi, ua ʻōleʻa nā mea a pau. Ke manaʻolana ia e lanakila nā mea kūlohelohe i ka hakakā e hoʻihoʻi i ka kaia honua kūlohelohe o ka honua.
No ka Lepidoptera ka ʻohana Leafworm. ʻO kahi pepeke elemakule, kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi, ʻuʻuku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu he 2.5 cm. Halahalaha lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻūpō o kahi poʻomanaʻo, piha i uhi ʻia me ke kino fluff. Ma ka hoʻomaha, hoʻomoe ka ʻalā i kona mau ʻēheu i ke ʻano o kahi o ka hale. ʻO nā ʻēheu o luna ke kiʻi pinepine nei, hoʻoluʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻēheu ʻalā, a loaʻa hoʻi kahi ʻano triangular. ʻO kekahi manawa ākea nā eheu i lalo a loaʻa iā lākou kahi quadrangular. Hoʻi kiʻi
ʻAʻole e like me nā pepeke ʻelemakule, kokoke loa nā māka. Ke kīleʻa ʻana mai nā hua, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i nā lau nui a hoʻomākeo iā lākou i loko o nā ʻeke a me nā ʻākala me ke kōkua o kahi pūnaewele. I loko o kahi nīnū e noho nei, e ola ana nā anuʻi, holo mai ka ʻenemi a me ka wā ʻino. Inā ʻoe e ʻānai aku iā lākou, a laila lele koke lākou i waho o ka uhi ʻana a kau ma luna o ka umauma.
Nui ka aloha ʻana i nā mea kanu rosette o ka ʻohana Rosaceae. ʻO ke ʻano o nā lau leaf, makemake e noho i ka Rosaceae, ua loaʻa i kahi inoa maikaʻi - ʻo ka rose rosette.
Noho ka ʻoka lau ma luna o nā ʻoka. ʻO kā lākou mau pua ʻāpana he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōlaula: i ka wā e noho ai lākou ma kahi pale, hana lākou me ka ʻike ʻole. ʻO nā kukupa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kau ana i ka hua ma luna o nā oaks. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻike ʻia nā uka a ʻai i nā lau ʻōpio, i kekahi manawa e hoʻolaha ʻia i nā kumulāʻau e maloʻo lākou.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā pōʻino kīwī i nā ʻano o nā lauwiwi e noho ana ma nā hua waina. I waena o lākou, e kū hoʻokahi ana kahi lau ʻelua makahiki, ʻo ka penu kekahi mea liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i 8 mm. ʻO nā ʻēheu mua he mea ʻoluʻolu hoihoi, me kahi ʻulaʻula i ke kua. Kūpono kēia lau moʻolelo i nā hua ʻōpio o nā hua waina i ka Mei. Hoʻi: Punaʻi
Kānā ʻia nā mau hua lāʻau - e pili ana i kahi kenimika o ka lōʻihi a loaʻa i kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻAi lākou i ka pua, nā pua, nā hua ʻōpio, ke huki iā lākou i nā māla me ke kōkua o kahi pūnaewele. Ma kēia wahi malu i ka mahina o Iune, ua hoʻolauna nā kamela pūlea, a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule he lele hou a pōkō kīlolo, kahi, me ka kānalua ʻole, e waiho ana i kā lākou hua. Ua hānai nā mua o ka hua mua o nā anuhe i nā hua. Nā haumana ma ka ʻāina, a hānau ʻoi ma laila.
Kuhi ʻole ʻo Leaflets i nā kumulāʻau coniferous. ʻAi nā lau-ʻōpala-huaʻai i ʻai ʻōpala, me ka ʻōpala iā lākou i nā ʻōpala, i loko o kēlā me ke ʻano kahi e ola ai nā uka a hiki i ke anuanu, a laila hāʻule i ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻōpala coniferous. Hoʻokomo wale nā hua ʻai i ka lālani i ka pūnāwai, kau ʻo ka ʻaluna i nā hua i nā pono.
ʻOi aku ka pinepine ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e waiho ana kahi lau o ka hawthorn i kā mākou kaiāulu; ʻO nā ʻōpū o kēia mau ʻano me ke kōkua o nā cobwebs a me ka makani e lele kaʻawale ma kahi mamao loa mai kahi e hānau ai.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, ma mua o nā mea i luna aʻe, he nui nā ʻano lau o ka lau i hoʻopau ʻia e like me nā mea kanu āpau.
He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā noho o nā lau o ka lau i nā lauwula mai nā wahi noho o nā palaki o ka tubular beetle: kahi e waiho ai nā leafworms, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā lau ʻalika me kahi pūnaewele.
Ma nā papa liʻiliʻi o ka home, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lau huaʻai ma nā ʻano kūlohelohe: ma ka huki ʻana i nā manu, nā hānai, nā hōʻoki i ka wā i nā lau, nā ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia i nā mea kanu i hoʻonoho ʻia ai nā anuʻu.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā wahi e hoʻohana ikaika ai nā mākeke hoʻomehana kemu, hiki ʻole kēia ʻano ke lawe i ka hopena ʻike.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pepeke
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā leafworms, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo pono iā lākou, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala ikaika a me nā ʻēheu ākea ākea. Mānoʻu i ka pipi i nā manawa hoʻomaha i ke ʻano o kahi hale. Nui nā ʻano lau nahele ma luna o nā ʻēheu i waiho ʻia nā ʻano waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ma ka laulā a hiki lākou i ka 2.5 cm.
ʻO nā kīʻī o nā lau lauwili, ʻaʻole like me nā kīnika pākeke makua, aneane ka huluhulu, koe wale nō nā lauoho makamae, aia pinepine ʻia nā pihi convex ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa i nā lālani nā 16 wāwae. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ko lākou poʻo, a mai ka melemele a hiki i ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He ʻano hoihoi ko ka pupae peʻe: ma luna o nā apo o ko lākou ʻōpū i loaʻa nā kāʻei me nā māka.
He palu nā Leafworms. Hoʻokū ʻo nā hua ʻino o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano lāʻau i nā lau o nā mea kanu, hoʻopuni iā lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana me ke kōkua o kahi pūnaewele, i loko o kēia mau puna wai e peʻe ai lākou. No laila ka inoa - leaflets.
Akā, ʻaʻole wale ka lau e waiho i ka make. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka ukaola e ʻoliʻoli i loko o nā pua, nā pua a me nā pua o nā mea kanu. Kolo iki kēia mau pepeke i nā wahi a pau.
Palaunu
ʻO kēia ʻōmaʻomaʻo he hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻēheu mua, kahi i paʻa ʻia e ke kaʻo ocher ʻōiwi. He pena ke aniani o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka lei o kahi kāne paler. Kahi ʻia kēia ʻano lau ʻuala ma ʻEulopa, a ma Russia hoʻi.
Lele ka pipiʻi ma Iune a me ko lākou ola i ke ola he 12-14 mau lā.
ʻOi aku nā kīpihi laufele brown e noho e noho ma lalo o ka uhi o kahi mea kanu fodder i ka lā. I ke awakea, hoʻomaka nā mea hihiu e lele, a hamau ka pō i ka pō.
Hāpai i ka wahine ʻōlohelohe i nā hua manu i ka pō, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka ʻili ma ke aʻa o ke ʻala, a loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā hui he nui. Hoʻokahi wahine ʻōpio laupili wahine i hana i ka 2 a me ka 4 hua manu. ʻO ka nui o nā hua i kēia hihia ke hiki aku i 70 mau ʻāpana. Ka loaʻa ʻana o hua, hoʻopili koke ka lolo i ka masonry me ka wai keʻokeʻo me ka maloʻo nui, hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻana o nā hua lāʻau i ka waena o ʻApelila - ʻo ka hapa mua o Mei i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻAiʻoki ʻōpiopio o ke kala ʻeleʻele, 20-24 mm lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele kona poʻo a me ka pulu, nā pale lima like a me ka pelekane.
I ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o kā lākou ulu ʻana, e hānai nā kohi i nā mea kanu pua a me nā lau pua, e hoʻopiʻi ana iā lākou me kā lākou mau ʻōpala. Ma hope aku, kānalua i ka pale, hana lākou i malu no lākou. I loko o ia mea, e huli ka uka i loko o kahi chrysalis. ʻO ka ʻōlaʻi palaʻai palona e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i ka noho a, ma ka awelika, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi mai 20 a 40 mau lā.
Pupa o kahi lau ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele o ke kala ʻeleʻele, spindle-shaped, 9-14 mm ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻōpū, kokoke i ka huʻu, aia nā 8 mau puka. Pili ka papa haumāna mai 10 a 15 lā.
Multinivorous ka lau ʻala ʻula, a no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea pōʻino wale no nā lāʻau hua.
E hoʻonui i nā pōpoki
Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā lāʻau ʻōpiopio peʻa i nā kumulāʻau pua, nāwaliwali, e ulu ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka nahele a kū wale nō paha. Noho ʻia nā kapuwai o kēia ʻano lau ma lalo o kahi kumulā o kahi kumulāʻau, e ʻikupā ana i nā puʻupuʻu pōkole, no laila ke alualu ʻia nei ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, ka make o nā lālā lāʻau a me ka deformation o nā wana.
Holo pālahalaha nā pakanaka i loko o ka puaʻa, akā ʻo nā ʻūhā poʻokela pihi o ka ʻoni-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā kukui ʻehaʻeha. ʻO nā kala o nā ʻeke ʻelua o nā ʻēheu he ʻelua mau ʻōniʻe a he pelu keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā palupalu ʻanā o kahi ʻēheu paler, ka mea i pena ʻia i ka hina-brown a ʻulaʻula paha. Loaʻa nō hoʻi nā ʻēheu ʻehā i nā pale keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā pōpō i ka hopena o Mei. Ke koho ʻana i kahi lāʻau kūpono, e waiho i ka lau i nā hua ma lalo o nā unahi o ka ʻili i nā ʻōpū o nā lālā peʻa. I ka mahina o Iune, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā pōpoki, aia ma ka mokuʻelemakua hiki i ka 11 mm. ʻO ka kino o ke kukule ke keʻokeʻo me kahi ʻulaʻula a. ʻO ke poʻo, pale pale ma ka ʻōpū a me hope, a ʻo ka wāwae pectoral hoʻi nā tan.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka honu lāʻau a hiki i ka makahiki o Mei e hiki mai ana. A laila, pane nā pua.
Kokeo cone
He ʻai kino kēia me nā ʻēheu o 12-16 mm. Hoʻomaʻi ʻia ka pulu mua a kahi ʻēheu ʻeleʻele me kahi kāwele metala. ʻO nā ʻēheu he mau ʻāpana wili māmā. ʻO nā ʻēheu lūlū māmā, taupe. Loaʻa nā ʻēheu i nā pale keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ke kino o ka lau o ka pine cone leafle ke keʻokeʻo me kahi lau ʻulaʻula, ke poʻo ke poʻo. Kūleʻa ka uka makua i ka lōʻihi i 11 mm. He kukui keʻokeʻo a Pupa, 8 mm lōʻihi.
Ma Lūkia, kahi māpala pine cone a loaʻa maoli i nā ulu nāhelehele. ʻO kēia ʻano lau o ka lau o nā lau leaf dames cones.
Piʻi ʻia nā palupulu palu a puni ka pono o nā lāʻau ahi i ka wā koho. ʻO nā ʻōpala, kahi ma ke anawaena he 0.5 mm o ka lōʻihi, ke waiho ʻia e ka mea lau ma waena o nā unahi cone. I nā makahiki o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i 10 mau anuʻu hiki ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi cone. Kūkulu mua nā anu i hope ma hope o 10-20 mau lā i ka mua o nā ʻāpana cone, a laila komo i ka ʻula, e ʻai ana i nā hua kanu. I ka helehelena, paʻakikī nā cones i hoʻokaʻawale. Kāohi ʻia kā lākou māhoe i ka hoʻopā ʻana o ka māla a me ka palaoa drill. Loaʻa ka manaʻo o ka kōpili i ka pūnāwai o ke makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Lājiʻi
Pili ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā ulu lāʻau coniferous o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a ʻo Russia hoʻi. ʻO kēia ʻīlī he peʻe mua o nā ʻēheu mua o ke kala hina, me kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā poloka pōkole poloka, nā kāʻei a me nā kāʻei. ʻO nā ʻēheu haʻahaʻa he brown, ākea ka nui. Pālua ʻelua ʻehā nā polu hina hina i nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā ʻōpio o kēia ʻano palalā he mau ʻāpana he 8-10 mm ka nui, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Kōmaʻomaʻo ka Pupa.
ʻO nā līlī Larch e waiho i nā hua ma nā lāʻau coniferous, ma nā puʻu a me nā mea o ka ʻili. ʻAi ʻia ka mea hānau hānau i nā pono. I ka manawa like, hoʻopiʻi lākou i nā pono me nā cobwebs, me ka huki pū iā lākou e hana i ka niu. Ma hope mai, ʻai ka ʻōpio makua i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.
ʻO ka hoʻololi i kahi chrysalis e kū ana ma ka wāwae o ka kumulāʻau, kahi e kū nui ai ka maʻi manu ma ka pūnaewele. I ka hana ʻana i ka popo mai nā moʻo i hāʻule, nā haumāna kahe, a ma hope iho o nā lā 10-14 he puka hou mai nā kīnaha.
E kāpīpī i ka pāpū pono
ʻO kēia pālolo he mau ākea ākea ākea o nā ʻēheu o ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā pihi kālā a me nā kīwī o ke ʻano panina. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻēheu ʻelua, ʻulaʻula. Aia kahi kukui kala maloʻo.
ʻO nā kalana he mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kala me nā wā hina poʻomanaʻo a lōʻihi paha, a i ʻole ka melemele me ke aniani o ke kala, a laila he ʻulaʻula ʻia nā ʻōpala.
He ʻulaʻula ka pupa. Ma ka hope o ke kino he kīkaha liʻiliʻi ia, e like me nā lipine-like.
ʻO ka ʻīwīwī o ka pulupulu me ka lau nui e waiho i nā hua i ka mauʻu o ka makahiki i hala. Noho ka ʻili palu i ka palaka no kekahi manawa, a laila hana i ka lua a puni, ke komo ʻana i ka pūloi a me ka ʻanuʻu ʻana i ka ʻai mai ka ʻaoʻao mai a hiki i ka welau. E hāloi mua ka pono, a laila moe, a i ka hopena, hāʻule ʻole loa.
ʻO kahi anuhe o kahi iglooed i loko o kahi ulu lāʻau e pupule ana.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau ulu ma waena o nā makahiki he 10 a me 30 mau makahiki i makemake ʻia i kēia mau pōpoki, eia naʻe, inā he wā o kahi ʻō mai o ka ulu o ka hoʻoulu a i ʻole ka nele i ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku paha ka makemake o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kaulike ola o ka arboretum corrusive e lōʻihi ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki. Hiki ke ʻike ma kahi kikoʻi piha.
Ke hoʻokūkū nei i nā pale pale lapuwale, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau i lawe ʻia ʻelua i ka makahiki. He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana ʻia no kēia, heluhelu i ka loulou https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/lesov/lozhnoshhitovka.html
Pepa lau ahi
ʻOi aku ʻo ia i kona mau ʻohana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā eheu mai 17 a 26 mm. He ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ke kala me kahi kumu ʻulaʻula. He ʻulaʻula hina nā lehe o Hind. ʻO ka piʻo ma nā ʻēheu he tan. Kālamu ʻōpiopio māmāʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi poʻo brown, pākeke - hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻEleʻele ke poʻo. Ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻoe i nā lauoho e ulu ana mai nā polin chitinousʻeleʻele. Aia i ka uka ke 22 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO Pupa a hiki i 14 mm lōʻihi, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā ʻōmū o kahi fir bbw e waiho i nā hua ma luna o ka pūpū. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōpio i neʻe aku, neʻe i ka piko o ka pana ʻōpio, hoʻomaka e ʻai ʻana a puni nā pono. I ka manawa like, hoʻowalewale i ka lālā me nā cobwebs, piʻolo ka ʻōpala i lalo a me lalo, nā ʻihiʻu i nā pupu.
Hoʻokomo nā ʻoi i ka pala i nā mea kanu ahi. ʻAʻole lākou wale ka ʻai me nā pua a puni, akā ua ʻino wale i nā pua pua, ma muli o nā cones ʻaʻole i ulu.
Hoʻopili i nā ʻano o luna o nā mohele lau, he nui nā ʻano nui e hōʻeha nui i nā lāʻau māla a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka pēpē, ka hua, a me nā lau meli omnivorous.
Pehea e hahau ai i kahi pōpoki
Hiki ke hānai i kahi pānahele punahele nui o nā lau manamana e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. I kēlā me kēia mea ʻoi loa ka:
- ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i nā lau i hāʻule ai a me nā lāʻau hua momi.
- ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahele pheromone no nā pepeke. ʻO ka luahele he ʻelua mau ʻāpana - kahi nui me kahi mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā leafworm kāne kāne, a me kahi puna me kahi anaki. ʻO nā kāne, ke waiho nei i ka pupae, lele ka leʻa ʻano nani no lākou a pipili i ka ʻōpala.
- I ka Iulai - ʻAukake, pono ʻia e kau ʻia nā kāʻei o ka mauhelehele ma luna o nā kahi o nā hua hua, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia me nā papahele ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā hanana ʻelua ma kahi o 10-12 mau lā.
Nā lau
Nā lau | |||||||||
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Acleris sparsana | |||||||||
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā pepeke manuahi |
Maikuhi: | Kukūmole |
Kekaha: | Pauano Latreille, 1802 |
Ohana: | Nā lau |
Nā lau (Tortricidae a i ʻole Olethreutidae) - he ʻohana nā kī liʻiliʻi mai ka pūʻulu Microlepidoptera. Ma luna o 10,000 mau ʻano.
ʻO keʻano
Hāʻawi ʻia nā Leafworms i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona: nā antennae i ʻano like me ka br brani, maikaʻi a ciliate i nā kāne, ʻokiʻiki ke proboscis, puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole nā kāwailua (Exapate Hbn.), ʻAʻohe kālima, ʻekahi mau ʻālima 3-segmented, me ka paleʻu, me ka māhele lōʻihi loa. ʻO nā ʻēheu i ka hoʻomaha ka mea e hoʻopuni ai ka hale, ʻo nā mea i luna ke kau nei ma kahi kikoʻī, e ulu pinepine nā ʻēheu i ka waihona, a laila kokoke lākou i kahi quadrangular, me nā ʻāpana he 12, nona kahi intacranial, bifurcated a hiki i ka waihona. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka ʻalā, he kuʻikuʻu, he ʻoluʻuku, me kahi mau puʻu me 6 a 7 paha mau longinsinal veins a me 3 intracranial, ʻo ia ka mea i waena o nā paʻu hohonu e like me ka ʻū. ʻO nā kumulāʻau laulaunū he 16-wāwae, kokoke loa i ka hulu, me nā lauoho i lulu ʻia i ka lauoho, e noho pinepine ana i nā keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele, me ke poʻo poʻo a ʻulaʻula, nā limima a me nā pale supra-caudal, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole pinkish-keʻokeʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Nā kuihaki o ka ʻōpū ma nā pupae me nā kāʻei o nā kaula. ʻAi ka ʻai o nā lau nui i nā lau o nā mea kanu like ʻole, a huki i kahi pūnaewele o nā lau i ʻai ʻia i loko o nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā mea kanu a loko, a lākou e hūnā ai (no laila ka inoa o ka ʻohana), hopohopo, lele lākou i luna a kau ʻia ma nā lepa ma ka lewa.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
Ma nā huaʻōlelo olakino, ʻelua manamana wale nō i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: nā ʻōpio codling (Carpocapsa), ulu nā mea āpau i nā mea kanu deciduous, a me nā hua pua (Retinia), nā mea kanu (me nā ʻokoʻa he ʻelua mau ʻano ʻano) i noho i loko o nā pua a me nā pua o nā conifers, ma kahi o nā ʻano ʻano heʻano ʻano Hoʻokahi kokoke ʻo Teras i ka lilo o nā lau o nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻaʻole i hālāwai me nā conifers.
Loaʻa nā lau o nā hua manu ʻē aʻe i ka meaʻai i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu, mai nā pua pua a me nā pua pua a i nā aʻa. No laila, noho nā kukuna o Paedisca immundana F. noho i nā alder catkins, bilunana Hw. - i nā ʻeke birch, tripunctana WV - i nā pua rose, Semasia conterminana HS - i nā pua Lactuca (Grapholitha rufiliana Dbld - - i nā hua Dipsacus, Grapholitha funebrana Fr. - i nā hua plum, Steganoptycha aceriana Dp - - i loko o poplar corolla, Graph. . ^ E Ha yM.- i nā lālā o ka aspen, Paedisca foenana Fr. - i loko o nā aʻa a me nā aʻa o Artemisia, ma lalo o ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau: Grapholitha Woeberiana W. V. - i nā hua, Grapholitha argyrana N. - i nā lāʻau lāʻau, Grapholitha regiana Zll. - ma nā palapala ʻoli, a hiki i kā Grapholitha fimbriana H. W. - i nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻoki. I waena o nā mea pōʻino i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka poʻe i hōʻeuʻeu i nā lāʻau lāʻau a me ka luku ʻana, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā māla i nā māla a me nā nāhelehele. I ka mahiʻai ʻana, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea like ʻole e pōʻino: Cochylis epilinana Zll. , ka ʻili ola i noho ai i nā poʻo o ka flax, a ʻekolu mau ʻano ʻo Grafolitha: nebritana Fr. , tenebrosana Dp. a me dorsana Fbr. e noho ana ma nā huaʻai o ka pī. I loko o ka mālaʻai, ʻo nā mea nui e hoʻopalapula ʻia nā mea e kūʻē i ka hua waina, kahi o ka lau biennial (Cochylis ambiquella Hbn.) I ka mua. ʻO kekahi liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i 8 mm ʻalā ka lōʻihi, nā ʻēheu mua nā lau-hina, ʻalohilohi, ma ke kikowaena me kahi ākea ākea ākea a me nā manamana. Mea lele ma Mei, i ke ahiahi, e hala a hiki i ka 150 testicles (keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ma lalo) ma nā ʻōpio'ōpio o nā kumu waina. ʻO ka ʻōpala nui-ʻula, a hiki i ka 1 cm ka lōʻihi, e hānai i nā pua, nā pua a me nā hua ʻōpio, ke kipi a huki iā lākou i loko o nā kumulāʻau i nā ʻōpala, a i waiho pū ʻia i loko o ka mana pana a palupalu, a maloʻo ka hope. I ka hala ʻana o Iune, ua lilo nā haumāna i ke koʻi i loko o ka lau i nalo, i ʻole ai ma waena o nā ʻano kuʻi, a i ʻole ma lalo o ka pā o a me nā hua pā o nā hua lāʻau. ʻElua mau pule ma hope aku, lele nā wai hou a kanu i nā hua ma luna o nā hua waina a me ko lākou mau wāwae. Noho ke kiaʻi hou i loko o nā huaʻai, e neʻe ana mai kekahi i kekahi a e hoʻolei aku i nā ʻōpala mai waho o lākou. No ka ʻaila, ua iho i lalo i ka lepo, ka pupa i pua i loko o kahi pā i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ka honua.
Pēlā nō, ola ʻo Chrosis botrana W. V. a i hōʻeha ʻia i nā ʻēheu ʻoniʻoni a kahi ʻala ākea keʻokeʻo. ʻAno eleele ka uka.
Hoʻokipa ʻia (Oenophthira), ʻo Pilleriana W. V. (Pyralis vitana Fbr.), Pili i 1 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻehā mau ʻēheu mua, i kekahi manawa ke kulu ʻia me ka pua metallic, me nā lua o nā manamana. ʻO Caterpillar a hiki i ka 2 cm lōʻihi, lepo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me kahi aniani brown a me nā ʻāpana lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ke kauwela i ʻAukake, e kau ʻia nā hua ma nā puʻu ma luna o ka lau o ka hua waina, nā pua i ʻike ʻia i ka mahina o Kepakemapa a me ka hānai ʻole ʻana, hele no ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka lāʻau o ka māla a i ʻole i ka puʻu o nā stamens, kahi e hū ai i kēlā me kēia mākā, a ma ka pūnāwai e hānai ana i nā mea kanu, no ka laʻana. kumulima, Stachys germanica, Myrica gale, etc., a laila hoʻouka i nā ʻokiʻoki, pua i nā lau a me nā pua pua, ʻoi aku lākou me nā cobwebs a ʻai, a me ka pupate ma ka hopena o Iune. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka luku poina nui o nā māla waina o Champagne ma 1960s, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe Helene kahiko ma lalo o ka inoa Helene. κκπηπη, no ka Roma - convolvulus a mevvvulus.
ʻO nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe i pohala nui ʻia i nā hanana ʻo Teras e like me, no ka laʻana, ʻo Holmiana L. a me variegana W. V., ʻo ia hoʻi ka mua, e ʻai pinepine ana i nā lau plum ma Crimea. He ʻōʻino nō hoʻi ʻo Penthina pruniana Hb. , nā mea ʻala laupa ʻeleʻele o nā mea i ʻai ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā kīʻala, nā lau a me nā kakalaioa i ka wā mua o ke kahawai, kuʻu i nā pau o nā ʻanuʻu a hoʻoilina i nā lau lau i ʻai ai lākou, a lākou e ʻai ai, i waena o ka papa i ka hopena o ʻApelila. I Mei, lele ka huinahu a hiki i ka 1 cm lōʻihi, hoihoi, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ko lākou hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, me nā ʻēheu ʻono, hoʻomanaʻo i nā kala o kahi ʻōpala maloʻo o nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka hapalua nui o ka ʻēheu mua e ʻāʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele me nā ʻulaʻula, ka hapa ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā ʻulaʻula. , ʻeleʻele ke kumu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua ʻai i hoʻokahi manawa, kokoke i nā keiki. Penthina cynosbatella L. lāua ʻo Tmetocera ocellana W. V. ʻai i nā pua pua o nā kumulāʻau hua ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokahi ʻia nā lau ma Teras Forskaleana L..
Kahi helu
ʻO ka ʻohana o nā leafworms he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 1000 genera a me nā ʻano 10,000.
- Tortricinae Latreille, 1803
- Phricanthini Diakonoff, 1981 (Phricanthini)
- Tortricini Latreille, 1803
- Schoenotenini Diakonoff, 1952 (Schoenotenidae)
- Cochylini Guene, 1845
- Cnephasiini Stainton, (Cnephasidae)
- Archipini Pierce & Metcalfe, 1922
- Epitymbiini maʻamau, 1958
- Sparganothini Druce, 1912
- Atteriini Busck, 1932
- Euliini Kuznetsov & Stekolnikov, 1977
- Ceracini Cotes a Swinhoe, 1889
- Chlidanotinae Meyrick, 1906 (Chlidanotidae)
- Polyorthini Obraztsov, 1966
- Chlidanotini Meyrick, 1906 (Chlidanotidae)
- Hilarographini Diakonoff, 1977
- Olethreutinae Walsingham, 1895
- Microcorsini Kuznetsov, 1970
- Gatesclarkeanini Diakonoff, 1973
- Endotheniini Diakonoff, 1973
- Bactrini Falkovitsh, 1962
- Olethreutini Walsingham, 1895
- Enarmoniini Diakonoff, 1953
- Eucosmini Meyrick, 1909 (Eucosmidae)
- Grafolitini Guene, 1845
Kāne
ʻO kahi lau ʻōpio pākahi manu ʻoi nā manu ʻahiwi (nā pōpō) me kahi kino pubescent. ʻAʻole eʻoi aku nā eheu o ka nāhepa o 2.5 cm. He ākea ka nui o nā ʻaoʻao mua, ʻokoʻa a i ʻole i ke ʻano o ka trapezoid, i ʻihi ke kihi, ʻihi ʻia ke kihi apical, a ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā kihi huluhulu. Ma nā ʻaoʻao mua i hōʻike ʻokoʻa mākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu he mau manawa ka laulā. Ma kahi kūlana mālie lākou e kālai ʻia nā pterygoid. Aia nā lālani ʻelua o nā maka a he aniani maʻalahi ma ke poʻo. ʻO kekahi mau manu ma ka antennae i loaʻa i nā pili o nā bristles.
ʻO ka hana nui loa i nā pōpō lauwili i mālama ʻia i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, akā naʻe, ʻo kēlā mau inikini e noho nei i nā kuahiwi a me nā wahi ʻākau e hiki ke lele ma loko o ke ao. Ma keʻano laulā, e pili ana kā lākou hana i nā hōʻailona he nui - ʻo kēia ka hoʻoluʻu, ke ea wela, ka ʻike ʻana a me nā mea maoli maoli a me nā climatic.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! No nā lunakahiko o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano, he ʻoni kūlohelohe, akā naʻe ʻo ka radiation ultraviolet.
ʻAiʻi
Kūkulu nā hua aʻoaʻo Leafworm i ke kakahiaka nui. Kēia ʻōlapa mau ʻōlapa me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 1-2 cm. He 8 mau wāwae o nā wāwae, me ke kōkua o ka mea maʻi e lele wikiwiki nei ma o ke kino o ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia a laha ma waena o ka māla.
ʻO ka kapena poʻo o ka larva lawe i 12 icelli maʻalahi - 6 ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. Ma ka mahele haʻahaʻa o ka kahe a ka waha he mau ʻeleʻele a me ka hao hao. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka uka hope, kūkulu ʻia nā niu a hoʻopili ʻia nā lau i loko o nā ʻōpala, ma loko kahi e hūnā ai lākou. ʻOi no ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka puna o ka mua a me ka lua o nā makahiki he nui i nā ʻōpio, nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻāpana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. ʻO ka nui o nā parasit ʻAi e ʻai nui ʻana i ka lau nui a me ka manawa like i kā lākou ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā pā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meaʻai like - ma muli o nā ʻano, hiki i nā iniseti ke hoʻololi i ka papa kuhikuhi a hoʻoneʻe mai kekahi mea i kekahi mea i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Hiki i ua ʻōpiopio ke ʻano ma nā wahi like ʻole: i ka pīkī, i ka palaki o ka papahele, i loko o ka lulu o nā mea kanu, kahi kūpono i ka moʻomeheu kahi i hana ai ka ʻai, i loko o nā ʻano o ka lāʻau lāʻau, etc.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka hoʻomōhala ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana mai i nā ʻōpala lau i kekahi mau kūlana: hoʻonui i ke anuanu a me ka mahana o ke ea, aia i loko o +19. 24 ° C. Hiki i kēlā mau inikini e noho nei i nā anuanu maikaʻi ke hele i ka hānauʻana i nā manawa like ʻole o ka hoʻomohala: mai nā hua a hiki i nā pākeke. Nā kikowaena āpau i ka overwinter ma kahi moku i kapa ʻia he diapause, a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ia, hiki i nā parasites ke ʻae i kahi emi nui o ke ana wela - a hiki i -40 ° C. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka hoʻoilo o ka wā hoʻoilo, e like me ke kaʻina hana i ka pupule, e hana i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia: i ka lepo, ma lalo o kahi papa hau o ka hau, i nā hua, nā hua a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, ma lalo o kahi lāʻau o kahi a i ʻole nā wahi i mālama ai i ka hōʻiliʻili.
Ke ulu mau nei nā Leafworms e noho nei i nā wahi kūkai. Hū ʻia kēlā mau ʻano ulu i loko o kahi kaila diapause wale nō i nā hihia koʻikoʻi - me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka moʻo i ka wā maloʻo.
ʻO Leafworms, e noho nei ma nā wahi ʻākau o ka Lūkini Rūsia, e hoʻopuka i ka hanauna hoʻokahi i ka manawa ulu. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka diapause i kēia mau mea hihiu - hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo ola e noho nei ma waena o Rūsia e pili ana i nā ʻano polycyclic, ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau hanauna i hoʻokahi makahiki, a inā ʻoe e neʻe i ka hema, ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau hanauna i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau
ʻIke ʻoi ʻepekema hou aku ma mua o ka 10 tausani mau ʻano lau o ka lau, nā mākaʻikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pōpoki o nā huaʻala, nā hua a me nā mea kanu hua lāʻau, nā nahele a me nā kumu waina. E noʻonoʻo i ka wehewehe ʻana o kekahi mau lauke o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
- Hiki i ka lau rosette ka lāʻau e pili ai i nā lāʻau ornamental a me nā Berry, a ma nā kumulāʻau hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke i loko o ka wahi i anuʻu i nā huaʻa i ka nui o ka huaʻai, ma ka ulu lāʻau-steppe a me nā wahie - nā pua a me nā hua lāʻau. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi ua hāʻawi kēia mea pili lāʻau i ka hanauna hoʻokahi, hibernates i loko o ka wā o ka hua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lau rosette e nā hōʻailona aʻe: he ʻōpū ʻōpio kahi pōpoki pālua a he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka 1,3-2.2 cm.ʻO nā ʻēheu mua i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka trapezoid, hiki i kā lākou kala ke ʻano mai ke aniani-melemele a ʻeleʻele brown. ʻO ka hue o nā ʻheu ʻeha he ʻpepe. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka larva ma mua o 2 cm ka nui, ua loli ke kino, ua ʻokoʻa kona waihoʻoluʻu: mai ke aniani ʻōuli a me kahi oliva pōʻeleʻele.
- Hiki i ka lau ʻōpala ke hōʻino i nā hua waina a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia hiki i kēia mau pepeke ke parasitize i nā lāʻau deciduous a coniferous, a ma ka hua a me nā mea ʻala. Ma kāna papaʻai he: nā hua waina, juniper, plum, ʻōlepa, aspen, oak, pine, persimmon, mandarin, strawberry wild, eucalyptus, etc. Aʻai nā mea i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. Kauō lākou i nā ʻuala, skeletonizing a hoʻopāʻi ʻia me nā cobwebs. ʻO kekahi manawa hōʻino nā ʻōpio i nā hua ʻōpio a me nā petioles. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki i kēia inikua ke hāʻawi i ʻelua mau hanauna. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka anuʻu o ka makahiki mua. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka pōpō māluipala i loko o kahi lau pale ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke kala ʻulaʻula a i ʻole kahi ʻulaʻula hina, i hana ʻia me nā pōpoki. I kekahi manawa hele a pulu paha paha nā wahi. ʻO ka larva ma kahi he 1.8-2.2 cm ka lōʻihi.ʻO ke kino o ka ʻōpū o ka lau kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula ʻia i paʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka lalo i lalo ka māmā.
- ʻO ka lau hua waina he mea pōʻino ʻē aʻe o nā māla waina, i hiki ai iā ia ke kūleʻa i ka ulu ʻana i nā hua ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, raspberry, hawthorn, buckthorn, currants, a me nā mea laʻau i hoʻopō ai i nā hua, nā pua, a me nā ovaries. Hoʻopuka nui ia a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki ke hana i ʻekolu, i kekahi manawa ʻehā mau hanauna. Kuku iki nā pōpō liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā ʻēheu o nā hapa ʻē aʻe o 1,5 cm. ʻO ke kala nui o nā ʻēheu mua i ke poʻo-ʻoniʻoni a ʻona paha-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula: nā kohu-hina hina, nā kāwili, a me nā ʻāpana-ʻenekele. He hina hina ka ʻēheu. ʻAʻole ʻoi loa ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka larva i ka 1,2 cm. ʻO kona integument he melemele a he ʻulaʻula paha me ka hina hina.
Nui! Inā ʻoe ʻaʻole lawe i nā manawa kūpono e pale aku i nā māla waina, hiki iā ʻoe ke nalo e pili ana i 45% o ka huaʻai, a me kekahi helu nui o nā kola a me nā mea āpau 100%!
Ma kahi kikoʻī! Me kahi nui o nā pepeke, loaʻa ka nui o nā cone i hoʻopau ʻia i ka 80%. Ma muli o kahi pala o ka leafworm, ʻaʻole i loli ko lākou helehelena, akā hāʻawi nā cones i hōʻoki ʻia nā kūlike!
Eia ka hoʻomai ʻana o kā manuola inana
Hiki i nā mea lawelawe biologically ke hōʻoki i ka lau, ʻo ka hana o nā mea ʻenemi ikaika e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Mālama loa lākou no nā pepeke e komo i ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo, i nā hua, a i ke kino paha o ka mea kanu ponoʻī. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me kēia mau lāʻau e hiki nō i ka wā o ka pua a hiki i mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Hōʻike maikaʻi nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hakakā ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i nā lau lau ma nā lāʻau hua ʻai a me nā hua puaʻa e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano penei:
Nā māla lāʻau
ʻO nā hana lāʻau e kū'ē ai i ka leafworm ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hana pū ai me lākou, he mea nui e hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo i loko o nā ʻōlelo a hoʻololi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa, e like me ka mea e hoʻomake ai ka pōpilikia. Eia kekahi, ʻōlako ʻia ia ʻano hana i loko o nā hihia i kahi nui nā parasit - ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau ʻohe i luna o kekahi lālā.
No laila, i kēia hihia, ʻelua hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano o nā mea inikini: e hoʻopili a me ka ʻōnaehana pono. ʻOi aku ka mea o nā mea i hala, akā ʻaʻole e hāʻawi mau i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia. Hoʻomaʻo ka lua a ʻoi loa ka maʻi, akā ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manawa he kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai inā he nui nā pōpoki.
Me kahi maʻi iki o ka māla e kūʻē i nā lau lau, he maʻamau ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo nei.
Nui! Hoʻohanaʻia nā lāʻau lapa lāʻau no ka mālamaʻana ʻaʻoleʻoi loa + 23 ° C. I ka kiʻekiʻe o nā thermometer kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole holo pono kēia mau mea hana. A e aʻo ʻia e hoʻohana iā lākou wale nō me he hopena hope loa, i ʻole i maikaʻi kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe!
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kahi hua o nā hua waina, a laila e hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana no kēia ʻano maʻi o Pepeluali. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wana a me nā kākoʻo me ka nui o ka hana e hana nei no Nitrafen. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lua o ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa ulu e hoʻohana ana i kahi o ka hoʻomākaukau i luna, a ʻo ke kolu - ʻaʻole ma mua o 30 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. E koi ʻia he koi manuahi a mea ia paha kāu mea i hoʻonā ai - i hoʻoholo ai, eia ke kūpono ke hoʻomau ʻia mai ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
ʻO nā paʻi kuʻuna
Inā aia he mau pōpoki liʻiliʻi i loko o ka māla, a laila ma ia kūlana e hiki ke kiʻi e me nā ʻāpana ʻono. Ua kūpono kēlā mau huahana no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua a me nā hua lāʻau. No ka laʻana, ka pinepine o ka hakakā me ka launa currant e pili pono ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā decoctions launa a me nā infusions - ke kumu ma aneʻi no ka ʻōpala, ke kāleka, nā kaaka, ka ʻaka a me ka piko o ka ʻuala.
- ʻO kahi decoction o wormwood. Hoʻopiha mākou i kahi pahu pālua hapalua me kahi mauʻu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a ninini ʻia i ka piko o ka wai. Ke waiho nei mākou i nā mea āpau no nā lā ʻelua, a ma hope o ko mākou kau ʻana iā ia ma ke ahi a lawe mai i kahi ʻū. Me kahi lako minima haʻahaʻa, e kuke i nā mea a pau no ka hapalua hola, e hōʻoluʻolu i ka lumi lumi a kānana. E hoʻohui i nā wai hou i ka waiūʻai i oti ʻia no ka 20 liter, a hoʻohana no ka hoʻēmi.
- ʻO ka decoction o tomato topile. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Rhizomes a me nā kihi o ke kamato i ka nui o 2 kg me nā lita wai he ʻelima mau wai a waiho ʻia no 3 mau hola. Ma hope o ka manawa i koho ʻia, e lawe i ka infusion i kahi paila a hoʻolapalapa ma ka wela haʻahaʻa no ka hapalua hola. Hāʻawi mākou, kānana, kānana mālie i nā kihi a me nā rhizomes, ma mua o ke kaʻina ʻana, hoʻomoʻa mākou i ka huahana pau i ka hapalua me ka wai a hoʻohui i 40 g o kaʻaila i kēlā me kēia pā o ka hoʻomākaukau.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! Hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka hānai ʻeke o ka ʻōhaka ʻaka ma loko o nā hue ʻili i loko o nā makahiki, akā aia wale nō i ka wahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai!
Nui! He mea make ʻole ka infusion tembako, no laila ke hana pū me ia, pono e hoʻohana pono nā mea pale pono pilikino!
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa nā kau a pau ma luna o nā kānaka ma luna o nā pōpoki voracious, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana iā lākou i kekahi manawa i kekahi manawa. He mea nui ia e hoʻōla i nā mea kanu i hoʻoili ʻia ma mua o ka wā o ka pua a ma hope koke o kēia manawa.
I ka hakakā ʻana i nā pōpō, hoʻohana pinepine nā leafworms i nā ʻika wai e pili ana i ka hopena o ka meli, a me ka pulima. ʻO ka hoʻopiha i koho ʻia e ninini ʻia i loko o nā ipu wai a i ʻole nā ʻili palaki i ʻoki ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana, hoʻopiha ʻia e ¼, a kau ʻia ma luna o nā lāʻau.
Inā oki ka ʻōpala ma kahi lāʻau o ka lāʻau meli, a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomehana me ka insecticides kemika. Kūpono wale nā huaʻai i loko o kēia hihia i ka wā o ka hua. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu i nā manawa ʻekolu: ʻo ka manawa mua i ka manawa mua o ka manawa, ʻo ka lua - ma mua o ka pua a ma hope koke o ka pau ʻana o ke kolu.
Ma ka kaulike, makemake ʻia ke hoʻokaʻawale lima i nā lau loʻi, i loko kahi i hoʻonā ʻia ai nā ʻōpio o ka lauka ʻolo. I ke kauwela, ua'ōlelo ʻia e mālama pū me nā pyrethroids ʻaʻole i nā lau wale nō, akā he lepo nō hoʻi ma kahi kokoke i kahi paʻa. A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ninini i nā hua, ua pau ka hana hoʻomehana a hoʻohana lākou i nā mākaukau ʻola a me nā kūloʻi o ka iwi.
E ho'āʻo e nalowale i ka ʻike i ka manawa i puka mai ai ka lau palani ma kāu māla a mālama pono i kona luku. E pale ʻia i nā hana paʻa ʻana i ka pīpī ʻana i ka pōʻaiapili ma loko o ka palena o kāu pākēkē ponoʻi a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiha i ka hua piha.
Lāʻau
Kau ʻia e: Сергей
Pest: Leafworm (Tortricidae a Olethreutidae)
Nā Leafworms - ʻApulu o nā pōpoki Tortricid, pinepine i ka hānai a me ka pupate i nā lau piʻi.
Hiki i kekahi mau iwi ke pilikia i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu. Loaʻa nā lau ma nā lāʻau he nui a me nā mea kanu - e waiho pū me ka lehu, birch, elderberry, elm, maple, poplar, rose and willow - a he meaʻino loa kēia no nā lāʻau o nā aʻa.
ʻEhā ʻano ʻano nui o ka nui o nā lau palaoa i waena o ko mākou mau ʻāina:
- ʻO ka lau momona (Exapate congelatella)
- Kahi lauwela lauwila (Acleris rhombana)
- Lākala lau ʻaoʻao (Archips rosana)
- Maku lau nahele (Adoxophyes reticulana)
Hoʻokomo mua i ka lauwili
Maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia kēia pepeke i ka hōʻeha wale i nā lāʻau kanu deciduous, akā e hao pū ana i nā currants, nā lāʻau ʻapala, a me nā pears. Hoʻohana ʻia nā māla i kēlā me kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki.
- ʻōpio: hōʻeha i nā ʻōpio opio o nā conifers,
- codling moths: lay larvae kahi a lākou i hana mua ai.
I mea e nalowale i ka hua (a he kaulana kēia mau iniseti no nā hoʻoulu kaua nui), pono ʻoe e nānā mau i nā lāʻau. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā lau i kolo ʻia i loko o kahi kīkī, ʻo ia ke kī ua loaʻa i ka ʻōpala i kāu mau waiwai. Inā hiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoki koke i ka lau, akā paʻa i kou lima a i ʻole ka manawa i loko o ka lau. I kahi hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea kanu, he kūpono kēia ʻano.
Ke kaʻina hana
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka lau aniani i ka manawa e hōʻino i kāu mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkuhi. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka pua nā pua, e hoʻoheʻe ʻia nā mea kanu me "Prophylactin". Manaʻo ʻia nā māla akamai e nānā i nā lālā lāʻau: inā i ʻike ʻia ka oviposition, pono lākou e ʻoki a laila luku. Ma waena o nā ala pale e mālama ai i nā mea kanu e Isegar. Ka mea i kū ʻia ma mua o nā wahi ʻala.
Koi koho
ʻO ke kumu maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi. ʻIke ʻia nā lauwili i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka pā wai, e hōʻoki a luku iā lākou. Hopu paʻa ʻo ia i ka lau, inā ʻae ʻole hiki i ka ʻōkuhi a lele ma luna o ka pūnaewele spider. Akā inā ua hōʻino maikaʻi ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono ka hana o kēia ʻano.
Nāiila
ʻO ka mea maʻamau maʻamau: Accord, Aivengo, Fatrin. No nā huaʻai nā pyrethroids, hana maikaʻi lākou inā lele ka ea o ka lewa ma kahi o 22 tikelē. I ke anuanu wela, ke ala no ka hakakā, ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole pono. Mai hoʻohana inā he pānā ʻia ka mea kanu.
ʻO nā hopena palekana
Koho ʻia nā mea kūoea i nā mākau laʻu i kā lākou māla. ʻOiai ma mua o ka pua ma ka māla, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolelupulu:
- infusion tapaa
- infusion o wormwood
- infusion o hooki,
- infusion o kamato
- hoʻopili hoʻolili.
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻia o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā pololei me kahi pōpō: ma ka lei o nā kumulāʻau, ʻaʻole i lalo o 1.5 m mai ka lepo, kahi paʻa ke waiho ʻia ʻana, kahi hapakolu i piha i kekahi ʻano fermenting wai. ʻAʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka puʻu ma lalo o ka lita. ʻO ka wai paha ka berena kvass a i ʻole, no ka laʻana, ka hua paʻili lau. Kuhi ʻia kēlā mau lure i ka pō, ʻo kēia ka manawa o ka hana nui o ka pūpū. I ke kakahiaka wale nō e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka nahu i ʻole e hāʻule ai nā mea make maikaʻi ʻole.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa iki i ke kāʻei o ka pahele mai ka waiho ʻana i kahi lāʻau. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, a kau ʻia ma Iulai. Ma hope mai, hoʻopau ʻia ke kāʻei. Hana maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano ʻoiai ʻoiai me ka maikaʻi loa me ka maikaʻi ʻole.
Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pōpō lā lā me ke ʻano like ʻole lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pilikia lākou e ʻike ma luna o nā lāʻau. Manaʻo mākou iā ʻoe e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala ma nā kāla hopu e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka māla mai nā pōpoki.
A ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia pōpilikia he ikaika ikaika loa ka mea hānai, ʻo ka hakakā me ka lau ʻole ʻaʻole paʻakikī. A inā inā pilikia ʻoe i ka pilikia ma mua, hiki i kēia hōʻino i kāu pūnaewele hiki ʻole ke hoʻopā.
Hoʻopiʻi mai i nā lauwili
Hoʻomaʻo nā puna o nā mea hele wāwae i nā lau ʻala maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, hāʻawi lākou iā lākou i ke ʻano kuʻikuʻi, e kaula ana hoʻi lākou a hoʻopaʻa pū i nā lau me nā kaula silk, e hana ana i nā wahi paʻa.
Hoʻouku ʻoho i nā lau nui i nā lau o nā kumulāʻau.
Hiki i nā lolo ke ʻāpana a hoʻopili paha i nā kumulāʻau, ko lākou mau kaula silky he nui e hiki ke uhi i ka lāʻau āpau a me ka lepo ma lalo. Eia kekahi, hāʻule pinepine nā palaki i ka ʻāina ma kā lākou mau kaula silky a hiki ke hoʻouka i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Akā hiki i nā lāʻau ke uhi piha i ka pili siliki ke hiki ke ola hou inā he ola maikaʻi lākou, me ka ʻike ʻole i nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu.
Hoʻokele a me ka hakakā
ʻO ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i nā lauwili e hoʻomalu i ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
I ke kauwela, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā iniseti manu e hakakā i nā pākeke a i ʻole nā ʻōiwi. E hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻōpio i nā pākeke i ka wā o ka lele mokulele kiʻekiʻe.
Akā naʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi mau mākou e hōʻole ʻoe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻona, ke makemake nei i nā hana kūlohelohe a me nā biologically palekana o ka hoʻomake pest.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā lau lau
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Leaflets. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano anuu nā manawaleʻa a me nā lele parasit e hōʻoki i nā hua lāʻau leafworm. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau parasito ma ka ʻōhumu e ulu i loko o ka hua lāʻau ʻōpiopio, ʻoiai wale nō ka pupation.
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā lauwiluna.
Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka hua welo, ʻo ka Wasp a i ka lele kahi ʻano ʻākala keʻokeʻo ma kahi o ka ʻuʻuku palu i loko o kāna pūnana. ʻO ka popo keʻokeʻo kahi hōʻailona i hāʻawi i ka parasit i ka hoʻomohala olakino ma luna o ka lau. ʻO nā ʻōlima lace, nā pepeke pepehi kanaka, a me kekahi mau pīpī he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me nā mea pīpī manuʻa. Paʻi nā manu i nā ʻōpala a me nā pupae, ʻoiai lākou e makemake i nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe. ʻAe kōkua pinepine kēia mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā lau lau lāʻau i ka haʻahaʻa.
Kūpono hoʻoikaika i nā mea kūʻai pono no kāu mea kanu, e ola ka mea kanu i ka pili.