ʻO ka pua o nā paro holiki Krokhal ka lūlū ma Rūsia a me ka CIS. ʻO ka nui nui, kūpono ke aniani a me ke kala hoʻonaninani o nā kānaka e ʻona nei i nā mea lawaiʻa o ka ʻAmelika Altai, nā Urals, Chita a me Irkutsk. Ke neʻe nei kēia mau manu hihiu kūikawā i nā ʻāina mahana no ka hoʻoilo: hiki i kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻoe iā lākou ma ke Kai o Azov. He aha nā mea kaulana loa no nā ʻelele o ke kikowaena waena o ka mokupuni o Eurasian a no ke aha e hoʻomaka ai kekahi mau subspecies i loko o ka Red Red Book?
Duck Merganser
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Aia kekahi nui o nā ʻelele o ka hua, nā mergansers like ʻole e noho ma ka ākea o nā ʻāina he nui. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻopili nei i nā hiʻohiʻona ola, nā mea hoʻohuiʻai, ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka noho ʻana. Ke hōʻike nui nei nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical i loaʻa i ka wai wai.
- he beak elongated, ka nui o ka hapa i ka awelika ma waena o nā ʻohana - a hiki i 50 cm. No ka hapanui o nā poʻe he nui, he ʻano ʻano cylindrical ka mea, i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi kui ʻai like ʻole ma ka hopena.
- Nā lōʻihi,
- ʻO ka lei ma ke poʻo o nā hulu, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke ala kūikawā.
- elongated ʻano kino,
- mau ʻēheu pointy
- ʻolilo pōkole pōkole,
- nā pōkole pōkole, nā wāwae ʻākau i pili i kahi membrane leathery nui.
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻāpana o ka hunona i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like. Aia kekahi ʻano o nā mea nona ka nui o nā pua ma mua o 0.7 kg, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā mergansers i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kuʻuna liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi kona kaumaha he 1.5-2 kg. ʻO ka nui nui ka mea hoihoi i ka poʻe lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao kahawai. Loaa nā eheu o kekahi o kekahi i hoʻokahi mita, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala he 60-65 cm.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka beak i nā manu like ʻole. ʻO ka Merganser, ma ka papa kai ʻo ia ka mea kanu kai nui, he mau papa kūikawā e kānana ana i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā ʻano o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi e hānai nui ana i nā iʻa ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia me nā papa liʻiliʻi i nā niho liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka beak no ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e ʻoki ana i ka mea i pio.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o nā manu ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka aniani" - kahi keʻokeʻo ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka pā. I loko o kahi lele lele, ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano hina o ka plumage. ʻO ka ʻukā o nā mergansers he mālamalama ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o ka plumage ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i kona hōʻike nui loa i ka pūnāwai, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa hoʻohālikelike.
Ke lilo nei ke poʻo o ka merganser male ʻeleʻele lihi, ʻo ka piko o ke ʻāʻī i hōʻailona ʻia me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo metallic tint. ʻO ka kua mai ke kua a i ka huelo e hoʻololi i ka kala kalaʻeleʻele i kahi kukui o kahi hina. ʻO ka ma lalo lalo o ka pato he keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa me kahi tingish pinkish.
ʻOkoʻa iki ka merganser wahine i nā ʻuʻaka i ke kala o ka plumage, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi poni ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka ʻāʻī, ke kua o kahi leo māmā. I ke kauwela a me ka wā hemo, e nalowale nā kukui o nā kala i ka duck attire, lilo a plumage i lalo, i mea ʻole, e pili ana i ka ua a me ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā Mergansers e mālama pinepine i nā pālua, i hui pū ʻia i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ma ka hōilo wale nō i nā holoholona he nui, i komo pū ʻia ai nā tausani manu hoʻokahi. ʻO ka manawa anuanu e lilo ai nā manu ma muli o nā kūlana kime.
Noho lākou i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi me nā wai wai hau-hau, hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻāina mahana, a i kekahi mau manawa ma ke kahakai o ke Kai o Azov. No ke ola, ua kūkū ʻia lākou i nā ʻohana nui. Noho ʻo Mergansers i ka honua i loko o kahi gait "maʻamau", e neʻe ana mai ka ʻaoʻao a kekahi ʻaoʻao. I ka wai a me ka lele, ua hilinaʻi lākou me nā manuahi, nā ʻaihue nani a me nā mākaʻi.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā pōpoki duck merganser
Merganser – pāu, pili pono i kēlā me kēia kahu holoholona Éropa. I ka photo merganser pinepine mau hūnā ʻia. ʻO kēia no ka mea maikaʻi loa ka manu i ka ʻai, a makemake i ke kālele a hana pinepine, i kahi hohonu o ka 2 a 4 mau mika, no ka pono i ka iʻa o ka merganser i ka manawa a i ʻole ka.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau duck ke ʻano ka beak - kahi lōʻihi, mālamalama, cylindrical, pale wale i ke kaʻe a kālai ʻia me nā niho koʻikoʻi ma nā kihi o loko, e kōkua ana i nā manu i ka iʻa.
ʻO lākou hoʻi ke kino o ka elvalated, ma ka awelika a hiki i ka 57-59 cm ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻāʻī elongated. Hiki i nā ʻēheu o kēia mau moa ke piʻi i 70-88 cm, a me kā lākou paona mai 1200 a 2480 gram, ka mea i hana i nā manu kekahi o nā mea i kaulana loa no ka hopu ʻana.
A ʻo ke kala o ka plumage, nā wahine, e like me ke koena o nā manu, ua ʻili a paler, ua hina hina i nā wahi ʻulaʻula ʻole. Akā ʻokoʻa nā pale ʻana, lele lākou i kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke hulu ma ke poʻo, kahi ʻalopelu pango, nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu a me kahi pale uliuli-poni o nā hulu ma ka kua, a ma kekahi mau mea aia kekahi ʻoka keʻokeʻo a me ka goiter.
ʻO kēlā mau manu, ʻo ka heʻe i lalo mau loa, he paʻakikī i ka huki i ka wai o ka wai. Pololei uwō nā ʻōpio, ka mea i ka nui kai wai, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hapa nui o lākou Kiʻi, akā, ʻaʻole hoʻi he keke e noho ana i kahi kahawai me kahi manawa liʻiliʻi, a noho mālie kekahi e kau ana i nā moana o ke kai, inā ʻaʻole lākou he mau kao ikaika.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i kēia manu ma nā kihi āpau o ka honua, ma kekahi ʻalani a me ke aniani, a ma kekahi mau ʻāina, me ka laʻana, ma Iapana, hānai manuahi pāpā ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, a ua mālama pono ʻia nā manu ma mua o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o ka honua i ko lākou helu liʻiliʻi.
Ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka ola kino merganser
Merganser – manu lawaiʻe, nā ʻuʻuku o kēia mau duck i uhi i nā wahi wao āpau me nā muliwai a me nā ʻamo i ke alanui waena. E hoʻomaka ana mai ʻEulopa Komohana a i hope me ka Himalaya a me ka Far East, a eia lākou e hoʻolilo ai i ka hoʻoilo ma nā kahakai o ka ʻAmelika, ka Moana Pakipika, ma ke kūkulu hema o Kina, ma nā kahakai o ka moana Kaiwa, ma kahi e wela ai a aia kahi iʻa.
I ka pūnāwai, lele ka manu i waena o ka mua, i ka manawa maoli, i ka manawa i pae ai nā wormholes, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka lā Malaki ma mua o Iune. A no ke ʻano o nā manu, he nui ko lākou moʻoʻī, nā kīlaha ʻohana, hiki i ke kīlei ʻana i ka mea ʻike ʻole nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻai o kā lākou hua a i ʻole nā moa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomaha no ka hoʻoilo ma ke ahiahi, me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hopena o ʻOkakopa a i Nowemapa.
Duck Merganser
Merganser - ka holoholona hona wale nō ka ʻai ʻana, e noho ana ma ke ʻano he lawaiʻa. Kuhi ʻia ka meaʻai o kēia mau manu i ka iʻa, a hiki iā lākou ke maʻalahi me ka iʻa i ka 17-20 cm lōʻihi.
Hōʻalo ʻole nā ʻakaʻehā i nā mollusks, crustaceans a me nā pepeke. I ka hiki ʻana o kēia mau manu, i ka wā e kū ai, e ʻike pinepine iā ʻoe i ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Kūpono ka mea kupaianaha - he ʻohana, i hui pū ʻia mai nā kula he mau haneli he mau pūʻulu, ʻoiai e like me ka pahu kahawai kaʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, a, lele nā manu a pau i ka manawa like. A ia manawa ua lele ka leʻe a ka lewa, me he mea lā e kākoʻo ana mai ka lewa a e hopu koke i ka iʻa mai ka ihu, e makaʻu ana i nā pōpoki.
Nā ʻōpū o ka duck Merganser
Ua loaʻa kekahi pilikia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia mau waʻa ma ka hope o ke kenekulia 20, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻelua mau pua, ʻo Loot a me ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, i kekahi mau ʻohana ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻehiku mau ʻano o ka merganser, ʻelima wale nō i koe, ʻo hoʻokahi - ʻo Auckland - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia mai i ka makahiki 1902 a ua manaʻo ʻia he manawaleʻa. Ma muli o kēia, e noho wale nō nā ʻano he ʻehā. merganseri palapala ʻia i loko Puke ʻula.
- Merganser
ʻO kēia ka mākaʻi nui loa o kēia mau ducks, e like me kahi kuʻuna liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻāpana he ʻāpana nani, a uhi ʻia ma nā umauma keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo a me ka huelo. Puni ka ʻāpana ʻāina hūnā i ka lehele waena waena, ʻelua ma ka ʻākau a me ke komohana hemolele, nā ʻeleʻele o nā manu ma nā ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, akā i kekahi mau wahi o ʻAsia Central, i nā loko o nā mauna Himalayan haʻahaʻa a ma Kaleponi, nā kaiāulu nui e noho nei, ʻaʻole ka lele.
Kiʻi ʻia i ka merganser nui
- Scaly Merganser
ʻO kēia ka ʻōpiopio kahiko a maikaʻi loa o ka ʻohana āpau o kēia mau moa. ʻO ka hapalua o kona ʻālī e like me ke kiʻi o nā pālima, a i ʻole nā mea kaulike. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona kūikawā i loaʻa i ka duck kona inoa.
Noho kū maikaʻi wale ʻia kēia mau mea nani i ka Hikina, ka wahi e pili ana ma ka ʻAla Hikina i Lūkia a me nā ʻāina kahiki o Kina, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Iapana, a lele aku lākou i ka hoʻoilo i ka wai wela o ka Hikina Hema.
ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki ka makaʻala a mālama ʻia i nā ʻōiwi āpau o nā mergansers. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o kēia mau manu e hele mai ma muli o ka haumia o nā kino wai, deforestation, e hōʻino ana i ka ecosystem a me nā hana ʻē aʻe a kānaka.
Pepe duck flake merganser
- Merganser
A i ʻole, average merganser. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau a kaulana loa o kēia mau moa. He manu a manu ka nui, ʻo kona paona he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma waena o 48-58 cm. Akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻūhā o kēia mau ōlia - 18-20, ʻaʻole like me ka merganser nui, nona nā niho he 12-16 wale nō. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka beak o ka merganser.
Ma ka wahi i loaʻa ai kēia mau manu, hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi a pau, mai ka tundra a hiki i ke kula lāʻau-steppe, ma nā lua hemis. Holo aku lākou nei i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi hoʻomaha wela o nā ʻākau o nā ʻĀina subtropical, akā ma nā kahakai o nā mea waiwai ma loko o ke Komohana o ʻEulopa, a me Britain Nui, ko lākou noho ʻana a puni ka makahiki.
I ka wā e hōʻike ai nā mea hana kiʻi o ka Middle Ages, a me kekahi manawa ma hope, no ka laʻana o ka kenekulia 19, e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hopu hunio - ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona no ka hopu ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana like lōʻihi. I kēia lā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kēia mau manu.
Merganser lōʻihi-nosed me Chicks
- Merganser Brazil
Mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi a loaʻa liʻiliʻi. Noho ola ʻia i loko o ka West Hemisphere, inā makemake a hoʻomanawanui ka ʻike ʻia kēia mau pōpio i loko o nā wai wai o Paraguay, Brazil a me Argentina.
I ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea hānō, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka heluna o ka heluna ma mua o 300-350 manu, me ka 250 o lākou i kani, a me 200 ka noho mau ʻana ma ka nui o ka papana ʻo Sierra da Canastra ma Brazil. Ke hoʻomau mau nei ka mana i ka helu a me ke ola o kēia mau moa i ka makahiki 2013.
ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā mergansers āpau - ke kaupaona manu mai 550 a 700 gram, ʻo ka lōʻihi e pili ana i ka paona. Ma ka nui o ka nui, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e ke aloha e hele ana ma luna o ka ʻāina, noho kēia mau peka ma ka pālua, a ʻoi aku lākou i ka hānai i nā kuahiwi o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hānai like ʻoe i ko lākou mau ʻohana, ʻo lākou wale nō ke lawaiʻa iā lākou iho.
Kā manu hoʻoweliweli ʻo Brazil Merganser
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kuhi: duck merganser
ʻIke ʻia ka lehelehe maikaʻi ʻo Merganser, ʻaʻole wale no kona ʻano ākea a me kahi kūlohelohe wale nō, akā no kona ʻano hoihoi. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau manu i ʻelua kilograms. ʻO ka nui o ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi e kū i ka hāʻule. He manu migratory nā Mergansers. I ka hoʻoilo, makemake lākou e neʻe i nā'āina i kahi mahana wela. Eia naʻe, pinepine i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ke ʻike ʻia lākou i Kamchatka, ma Primorye a me ke kahakai o ke Kai o Azov.
Wikiō: Duck Merganser
No nā kiʻo Merganser nā ʻāpana Anseriformes, kahi subfamily o nā pono maoli. He poʻe lākou lākou i ka ʻohana o nā pālio a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia iā ia i loko o kahi ʻano kuʻuna o nā mergansers. ʻO ke kumu o ka puka ʻana o kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā mea like ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka merganser. Loaʻa lākou āpau i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona anatomical like, kahi ʻano like, nā ʻano like a me nā makemake i ka ʻai.
I waena o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā mergansers:
- lōʻihi, paʻa a paʻa i ka piko o ka beak. Ma kona piko, ʻike ʻoe i ka ulu liʻiliʻi horny. A ma kahi o nā papa pā duck maʻamau i ka beak (no ka hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai mea kanu), nā niho ʻiki nā niho. Noho lākou ma nā kihi a hoʻolālā ʻia i mea e maʻalahi ai ka ʻai i ka iʻa,
- elongated neck, torso. ʻO kēlā mau hōʻailona e hoʻohālike iā lākou me nā loona, grebes,
- ka nui o ka iʻa i ka meaʻai. ʻAi maoli ka ʻai i ka meaʻai kanu,
- hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūlohelohe maoli.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā papa huahelu o nā mergans ua loli mau i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa.
I kēia lā, maʻamau ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano ʻehā o nā mea mele.
- māhule. ʻO ia nā ʻano kahiko. ʻO ka hapalua o ke kino o kēlā mau hulu hulu manu ka like me kahi kiʻi o nā unahi. Noho na manu ʻoi wale nō ma ka hikina,
- nui. ʻO ia ka meaʻoi loa o nā mergansers. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou iā ia i kahi kuʻuna. ʻO ka merganser nui i moe i ka hikina a me ke komohana,
- ʻaʻā lōʻihi. ʻO ka paona o kēia holoholona he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kilograms, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kanalima mau kenimita. ʻO kēia ʻano ka mea maʻamau ka ʻike a loaʻa i nā wahi kai ʻakaʻaka.
- Pihapila. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa loa - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka helu ma mua o ʻekolu hanalima a me kanalima keu. ʻO nā keiki wale ma ke komohana.
Ducklings_in_box _-_ kopiya.jpg
Ua kau ʻia nā hollows mua i 2000 a hiki i ka 2003 ua hoʻohana wale lākou i ka hoʻolālā pākaʻi ʻia (ma hope aʻe o kēia "paipa"). Mai ka makahiki 2003, ua hoʻokomo lākou i nā pahu holoholona hānai 65-cm-kiʻekiʻe, mai ka 2008 ua hoʻolōʻihi lākou i nā pahu i ka 85-90 cm, a mai ka makahiki 2012 ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i nā pahu lōʻihi me kahi wehe ʻaoʻao hou i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka wahine e hele inā komo ka mea hoʻopuka ma waena. letok nui. Ma ka huina holoʻokoʻa, ua kau ʻia nā pahu o 253 mau ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hollow ma mua o 14 mau makahiki no nā pahu a 8 mau makahiki no nā paipa.
A hiki i ka makahiki 2014, ua piʻi kahi mea nānā i kahi lāʻau i ka wā e nānā ana i kahi hale manu a, no laila, hopohopo i kahi manu hatching. Mai ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kiʻi wikiō e nānā i nā hollows, ma ia hihia ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka makuahine makuahine.
ʻO ka ʻike no ka huki ʻana i ka merganser scaly i nā honu mea hana (hollows) i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka NP Lazovsky Reserve ʻO Kolomiytsev, ka mea mai loko mai o 1981 a hiki i ka makahiki 1985 ua kau he 60 o nā kaila ma ke kahawai wai. Kievka. Ua hoʻolauna pū ka mea kākau like i ke koho o kahi hāpau maikaʻi loa no ka flake merganser, ka mea i kapa ʻia "Pipa kuahiwi", holomua hou. Hoʻokomo wale ʻo Hollows i nā ʻāpana ʻōpala i nā kahe me nā mea i hōʻoki ʻia i ka nahele nā kahawai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ke ʻano o kahi dg merganser
ʻO ke ʻano o nā pōpoki o nā mergansers e hilinaʻi ana i kā lākou ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka nui o nā anatomical a me nā mea like ʻole o waho. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mergansers e nā ʻanā hanohano. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi, ma ka awelika, ma kahi he kanaono kenimita. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o nā manu like i ʻelua kilokilā. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka merganser iʻoi aku ma mua o kanawalu kenimita. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia mau kuhikuhi maʻamau, no ka mea ma ke ʻano he kanaka ʻē aʻe o nā dimensional liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi hoʻi kahi pōpoki ʻo kahi pōpoki liʻiliʻi a lōʻihi. Ma nā ʻaoʻao nā luʻu like ʻole he mau niho liʻiliʻi. Kōkua lākou i ka holoholona e hopu a ʻai i ka iʻa. He ʻāʻī lōʻihi ka mau ʻīlio me ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. ʻO nā pōkole o nā mergansers he pōkole, he ākea ākea ākea. ʻO ke kāʻei, pōkole. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻēheu i ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole like me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻai nā mergansers. Hiki ke hānai i ka ʻai o kēia mau puʻuwai manu me ka tapeworm, loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻono maikaʻi ʻole. Hiki i ka tapeworm ke ulu i loko o ke kanaka a hiki i kekahi mau mika.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā mergansers he hiʻohiʻona nani o ka hulu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau waʻa i ka hui pū ʻia. No laila, neʻe ke melganser nui i ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele mau, hina, keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke nānā scaly i kahi kala-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula-polū. ʻO ka kua o kēia holoholona i hoʻonani ʻia me nā lepa ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi e hoʻomanaʻo nui ana i nā kaulike. He lei ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a Pālea, ʻeleʻele ka palahalaha a me ka ʻāʻī, kahi mākala melemele-brown a me kahi ʻōpū māmā.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka duck merganser?
Kiʻi ʻokoʻa: Merganser duck ma Lūkia
ʻIke ʻia ka duck Merganser me kahi manu migratory, akā ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Ua makemake kekahi mau mea i kahi nohona ulu. No ka nohona, koho kēia mau manu i nā ʻāina i kahi ʻoluʻolu a me ke anuanu. I ke kauwela, noho lākou i ka ʻāina ma Eurasian, ma kāna kiko waena. Hōʻike nā Mergansers ma laila i ke kahawai puna.Hiki mau lākou i ka manawa mua loa, ke kiʻi koke ʻia ke ala. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻihoʻi nā holoholona i kā lākou mau wahi maʻamau i ka hope loa - ke hele mai ka wā anuanu a hoʻoilo ʻole nā kino wai āpau.
Makemake nā poʻe kālepa e koho i nā wahi ulu no ka pili ʻana. Akā i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻuʻuku ma nā wahi kahakai a hiki i ke kuahiwi. Hoʻololi ʻia kēlā mau ʻano ʻano ʻē i ka noho ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻano he nui a me nā subspecies o merganser. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi i ke koho ʻana i kahi no kēia mau manu, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai me kahi meaʻai kūpono ma kahi o ke kumu. E ʻai kēia mau manu i ka iʻa. ʻO ka kahi maoli o nā ʻiole merganser e pā nui ʻia, i pili pū me ke ʻano o nā ʻano manu like ʻole.
Aia i ka:
- Kina. ʻO ia wale nō nā wahi e nui ai nā iʻa,
- hemispher hikina ʻākau a me ke komohana, Central Asia, Kalepona lawa, Himalayan mauna. ʻO ka ʻelele nui o nā pōpoki, ka merganser nui, ke noho nei i kēia mau ʻāina. I ka manawa like, ma kekahi mau wahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā mergansers.
- Ma Mua Hikina o Lūlū, Mākaukau o Iapana, Hūkelika o Asia. ʻO kēia ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā scaly mergansers,
- kapakai o ka Hikina Hema, UK. Eia ke ola nei kekahi ʻano lōlū lōʻihi.
- wai wai o Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil. Ke noho nei kēia ʻāina ma nā ʻano ʻehā loa o ka merganser - ʻo Brazil.
I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke ola o ka dg merganser. E ʻike i nā mea e ʻai ai kēia manu.
Lawa a ʻaʻole paha?
ʻO ka ʻiʻo pīpī. Ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o ka manu i ka iʻa, he ʻano ʻono ʻuʻuku nona, ʻeleʻele ka ʻula. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe lawelaʻa ʻaʻohe kumu no ka hopu ʻana i kēia manu hihiu. Inā e lawe ʻoe i ka ʻili me ke aniani o nā momona, ʻaʻole nui ke kupapaʻu nui e kū pono ma lalo. He kīwī ka ʻiʻo Merganser, akā no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻono maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke kālua me ka ʻiʻina o kekahi manu ʻē. Akā kēia wale nō ka manaʻo o kekahi mau mea hopu.
He aha nā meaʻai duck merganser?
Kuhi: Wild duck Merganser
Ināʻai ka hapa nui o nā pālolo i nā meaʻai mea kanu a i ʻole he mea i hui ʻia, a laila ʻo ka mergansers wale nō ka ʻai o nā holoholona. ʻAi lākou i ka mea a lākou e loaʻa ai ka lawaiʻa. Hiki i kēia ʻano duck ke hana me ka iʻa, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke ana i iwakālua kenimika. Hoʻopili maikaʻi lākou i kahi beak, nā mea ʻokoʻa maikaʻi. He mea hoihoi maoli ke kaʻina o ka lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka poʻe duck i ko lākou poʻo i lalo o ka wai, e ʻimi ana i kahi iʻa kūpono. Ma laila e holo koke lākou, hopu i ka iʻa me kā lākou beaks. Manaʻo nā mea haneli ma lalo o ka wai. Hiki koke iā lākou ke neʻe ma laila, e huli i ka huli.
I ke kauwela, hiki i nā pēpē pēpē e hānai wale, a ma ka neʻe ʻana aku lākou a nui wale no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. He nani kēia nani. Neʻe maila nā manu ma ka lālani a like i ka manawa like no ka ʻai. Kuhi i kēlā me kēia lawaiʻa helu i hoʻokahi mau keu.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai ke maʻa nui no ka koho ʻana i kahi noho. ʻAʻole e lele lele nā mākaʻi i nā wahi ākea ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻole ke uhi ʻia nā loko me kahi ʻāpana ʻihi o ka hau ma ko lākou kahua pākahi a hiki iā lākou ke lawaiʻa.
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka mergansers liar, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, he iʻa. ʻO nā ʻai nahele i ka waila, trout, pikes, salmon, barbs. Hoʻolālā kēia mau iʻa i ka poʻe a me nā pākeke. ʻAi liʻiliʻi nā mergansers i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hōʻalo pū ka poʻe mergansers i nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ʻia lākou i ka iʻa, nā ʻalopona liʻiliʻi, nā mea inikua a me nā ʻōpala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Merganser duck ma ke ʻano
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā merganser ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano migratory. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, noho lākou i nā pūnaewele nīhi, aia i pili ʻia ma waena o ʻEulopa, a lele a lele i nā ʻāina hema i ka hoʻoilo. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu i ka waenakonu a i ka hopena paha o ka ʻāʻī, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā kino wai e uhi ʻia me ka hau. Hoʻi pinepine mai lākou. Ma kekahi mau wahi o kā lākou ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka hopena o Pepeluali. Ke kūkulu hema, lele kēia mau manu i loko o nā holoholona he nui, a hoʻi i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka nui o nā mea e kū ʻole ai ka iwakālua.
I kahi i kūpono ai nā duck mergansed i kau i kahi nui o nā koi. ʻOi aku lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou "hale" i nā kuahiwi a i ka nahele, ʻaʻole i kahi kanaka. Akā i kekahi manawa e ʻike ʻia nā ʻuʻuku o kēia mau manu i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mea nui e pono ai ke hele ʻana i kahi loko kokoke i a i ʻole ka wai me kahi wai māʻamaʻa a me ka nui o nā iʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia, no ka mea, ua pau ko lākou holo i ka lā holoʻokoʻa i ka wai. Ma laila lākou e hoʻomaha ai, bask i ka lā a me ka ʻimi lawaiʻa, ka mea e pae i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau waʻa e kahi ʻoluʻolu a nani hoʻi. He manu koʻikoʻi nui lākou, paʻakikī e launa me nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, i nā ʻāina he nui kēia e hoʻāʻo nei e kēia mau manu hihiu e hānai, e hānai ana iā lākou i ka ʻai. Merganser duck - ʻohana. Hoʻolimalima ʻo ia i kāna manawa me kāna keiki, e mālama ana iā ia. Inā loaʻa ka pōʻino, hiki i ka manu ke hōʻihoʻi i ka mea hana hewa, nāna i hoʻoholo e ʻai i nā ducklings a i ʻole no nā hua manu.
Hōʻele ka manu kāne a me ka wahine lōʻihi lōʻihi
Mergansers, ducks ʻohana, ulu kahi kāne i ka wā i hiki i ka wā'ōpiopio. Hele mai ma kahi o 1.5-2.5 mau makahiki a i ke ola. E hana hou i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, huʻule lākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Kūkulu lākou i nā ʻuʻuku - i nā māla makaʻu nui, i ka nui o nā kumulāʻau, i nā puʻu, a i ʻole i nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia e nā kānaka, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka moku i piha ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā mea i koe mai ka kaʻa. Uhi mau ʻia ka lei i lalo a hū ʻole ʻia ma mua o kahi mau mile mai ka noho ʻana.
Holo nā kālio mai 6 a 18 mau huaʻai, a hānai iā lākou mai 30 a 40 mau lā. ʻO nā wahine wale nō ke hana i kēia, ʻo nā kuʻekuʻe i kēia manawa ke noho kaʻawale a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua kū ʻia kā lākou molting intenal i kēia manawa.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi kānaka o kahi kūʻau i kahi lāʻau
E hoʻolele aku nā heihei i ka pipi, hoʻopau iā 2 a me 3 mau lā i ka pili, ma hope o lākou i hele ai me ka wahine i ka wai a hoʻomaka i ko lākou kau mua mua i ko lākou ola, ma ka manawa a lākou e hoʻāliʻi ai. Ke lawaiʻa pilikino no ka ducklings i ka wā e huli ai lākou i 10-12 mau lā.
Mai ka manawa ke haʻalele nei nā ducklings i ka nalo a hiki i ko lākou lele mua ʻana, e lawe ana ia mai 55 a 65 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Kahi no hoi, ma ka manu e noho noho nei, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kēia manawa a ma waena o 70 a 80 mau lā, a ma nā neʻe ʻana i kekahi manawa ma ka 50 mau lā. I nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ola nā mergansers no 12-15 mau makahiki, a no nā manu e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala ulu, hiki ke hiki i ko lākou makahiki ke 16-17 mau makahiki.
Palapala palapala
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Vol. 1. // World Birds Guide = Handbook o nā manu o ke ao. - Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1992 .-- S. 626. - ISBN 84-96553-42-6. - ʻO Richard M. DeGraaf, Mariko Yamasaki.
Nā holoholona hihiu o ʻEnelani: nā hale noho, kaʻikepili maoli, a me ka hāʻawi. - UPNE, 2000 .-- S. 108. - 496 p. - ISBN 0874519578. - John Gooders, Trevor Boyer.
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ʻO Atlas ka mau pālū keu i loko o Aferika a me ke komohana ʻo Eurasia = Atlas o nā kānaka Anatidae i loko o ʻApelika a me Western Eurasia. - Wetlands International, 1996 .-- S. 229-232. - 336 p. - ISBN 1 900442 09 4. (English) - G.P. Dementiev, N.A. Gladkov.
Nā manu o ka Soviet Union. - ʻ Sovietlelo Soviet, 1953. - T. 4. - S. 598-606. - 635 s. - V.I. Lysenko.
Helu 5 - Nā manu. Vol. 3 - Anseriformes // Fauna o Ukraine. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991. - V.K. Ryabitsev.
Nā manu o nā Urals, Cisurals a me Western Siberia: He alakaʻi alakaʻi. - Yekaterinburg: hale hale hoʻolaha. Univ., 2001 .-- S. 88-89. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-7525-0825-8. - L. S. Stepanyan.
Nā ʻopslelo i nā pōlio ornithological o Rūsia a me nā palena ʻāina pili i. - Moscow: Buke Haʻawina, 2003 .-- 808 p. - ISBN 5-94628-093-7.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Merganser ʻōpio pipi
ʻO ka duck Merganser kahi holoholona ʻohana. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wā pahulu, ua hui pū ʻia lāua me ʻelua. Ke kū nei ʻo Ripening i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola o ka hulu. Hoʻokumu nā kāne hānai i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā lau nahele nui, ma nā puʻu, nā hale i haʻalele ʻia a kālai ʻia, i nā lāʻau lāʻau. I kekahi manawa he mau nests o nā mergansers i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā koena o nā kaʻa i hoʻopio ʻia. Hoʻokomo nā polo i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku i kahi ʻē aʻe o hoʻokahi kilomita mai kahi kaiāke i hiki ai ke holo koke i ka wai a me ka ʻai.
Ua ʻāʻī lākou i kā lākou ʻūlū ma ka fluff. ʻEono a me ʻumikumamāwalu hua hua i waiho ʻia ma loko. Pono nā kiki e ʻoki i nā hua no kahi he kanahā mau lā. Hana maoli i nā wahine. I kēia manawa, nohoʻokoʻa nā kāne mai kā lākou ʻohana. Kuhi kēia manawa i ka manawa o kā lākou molting. Haʻalele ka wahine i ka pili. Eʻai wale a ʻai. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, ke hoʻohui nei ʻo ia i kāna mau moa hou.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ka nahele, hiki i nā mergansers ke ola i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima. ʻO nā kuhi e noho maikaʻi ana i kahi noho ola e noho lōʻihi - ma kahi o ʻumikūmāwalu mau makahiki.
Kahu hatch downy. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou. Noho wale lākou i kekahi mau lā ma ka pili, ma hope o ka hele ʻana me ka makuahine i ka wai. Aia ma ka lā ʻehā a i ka lima paha o ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, nā ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi e hana lākou i kaʻau mua mua. I ka lā ʻumikūmālua ʻumikūmālua, hiki i nā ducklings ke hoʻomaka i ka lawaiʻa kūʻokoʻa. Ke ʻimi nei lākou a hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ke kō. I mea e aʻo ai e lele, pono nā manawa ducklings. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma kahi o kanaono kumamalima mau lā ma mua o ka lele mua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā puʻu merganser
Kuhi: duck merganser
ʻAʻole ʻoi ʻia ka pehu ʻo Merganser no nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. He nunui nui ia, he kui koi, nā niho ʻili. Hiki iā ia ke pale iā ia iho a me kāna mau keiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mau hiki i nā pōpoki ke lanakila i ka hoa paio.
Mela o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli o nā mergansers:
- nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio raccoon. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea makaʻu i ka nawa o nā manu, ʻimi a ʻai i ka pākeke. Kāhea lākou i nā nests o nā mergansers e ka honi,
- manu manu nuku. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa ka moa, nā ʻaleʻa, nā puʻu nui, nā ʻaeto, nā manu ʻulaʻula, nā permies. Hoʻouka wale ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā mergansers liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ducklings.
- otters, minks, martens, pōpoki hihiu. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka make ʻana i ka mergansers, no ka mea, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puʻupaʻa ʻelua mau kilokilo.
- kekahi mau pīpī. Hoʻohana nui kēia mau holoholona i nā hua a me nā duck liʻiliʻi, aʻo ko lākou makuahine e hele wāwae i ka loko.
Pau kekahi ʻano o nā duck mai nā iʻa nui. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā Mergansers i kēlā mau mea mele. ʻOi aku ka pehu o kēia ʻano hana o ka duck a nā kānaka. Hōʻimi ka poʻe i nā mergansers mohai a pepehi iā lākou i kahi nui. Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia molo hunter o ka ʻai, no ka mea, nani loa ka duck merganser. Kēia mau holoholona hihiu i alakaʻi ai i ka emi nui o ka heluna o ka merganser ma loko o ka wahi kūlohelohe.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ke ʻano o kahi dg merganser
ʻO nā pālē Merganser kahi holoholona līpona. ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa nei o ka lehulehu ākea, ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu. I nā ʻāina he nui, ua ʻike ʻia ka duck e hoʻopau ʻia, ua kākau ʻia ma ka Red Red Book.
He aha ke kumu o ka pau ʻana o nā ʻano? Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema a me nā mea ʻepekema hou i kekahi mau mea e hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā mergansers.
- hakakā ʻole e ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻOiai ke pāpā a pale i kēia mau manu, ke hoʻomau nei ka pana ʻana o nā mergansers. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hōʻemi nuiʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona,
- haumia wai. No kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi, pono ka merganser i ka wai maʻemaʻe, iʻa. Nui nā kino o nā wai i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai, ka mea e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ke olakino o nā manu
- ka ʻaila ʻole. Noho ka nui o nā ʻano merganser i nā ululāʻau e kokoke ana i nā loko wai. Hāpai ka hoʻonāukiuki manu i ka manu a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana,
- hana pilikino kanaka. Hoʻowahāwahā ka poʻe i ka lewa, lepo, hoʻomōhala i ka holoholona hihiu.
E alakaʻi nā kumu āpau o luna i ka hoʻolōʻihi a hoʻolōʻihi i ka helu o nā mergansers. Eia kekahi, make ka nui o nā pēpē i ka wā o nā kau lōʻihi. ʻO nā ducks, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi noho noho paʻa, noho lōʻihi aku.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Ke ʻano o nā subspecies e hiki ai i nā mergansers ke mālama i kahi noho nui, e alakaʻi i kahi noho paʻa a me ka hi ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i nā pōpoki ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Central, Northern Eurasia.
I ka wā wai, e hiki mai nā mergansers me nā ʻolā mua āpau, i ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka wormwood mua - ma Pepeluali, ma mua o Malaki. Paka ke holo ʻana i ka wā e uhi ʻia nā loko i ka hau, ma ka lā hope o ʻOkakopa, Nowemapa. ʻO ka leʻa i nā hipa mai nā haneli o nā kānaka e koi i ka ikaika a me ka ahonui o nā manu. Inā mālama ʻia ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole maloʻo nā loko, a laila ʻaʻole e haʻalele nā manu i nā wahi nalo.
ʻO nā ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā mea hanohano e holo pono, holo. Noho ka manu ma ke kahakai o ka loko e e peʻe i nā mea kanu peʻa inā he pōpilikia. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, ke kai ʻana ma hope o kahi hohonu o 4 m.
Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki i nā peke ke hoʻopaʻa a hiki i 3 mau minuke, ʻoi aku i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 m.ʻO ke kiʻina maʻamau, ʻo ka merganser e hopu i kekahi iʻa ka 15-30 mau kekona. Holo koke nā manu, huli kūwili, hōʻike i ka mana pono.
Nui nā makemake pālolo i ka wai hou mai nā loko a me nā muliwai. Koho ʻia nā wai i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻākau no ka maʻemaʻe, ka nui o ka hānai. Pono nā manu i nā wao nahele no ka hana ʻana, ʻoiai ke koho mau nei nā mergansers i nā kuʻekuʻe kahiko, a haʻalele i nā noun o nā manu ʻē aʻe no ka hatching.
I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā manu, nui ka nui o ka wa i lawe ʻole ʻia, no laila ke makemake ka merganser nui e noho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, nā puʻu. Aia kekahi ʻano manuahi merganser lōʻihi i ka moana kai. I nā wahi mokupuni, mālama ʻia nā pupu kokoke i nā wahi pōhaku e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i ka pōʻino.
Hoʻohui hui manu ʻana i ka manawa. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā holoholona nui, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, kokoke i nā kino wai o nā ʻumi mau kanaka. ʻAi manu Merganser, aia kekahi mau ʻano inoa i kau ʻia ma ka Red Book o Lūkia. Me kahi helu paʻa o nā mergansers lōʻihi a lōlihi, e ʻae ʻia ana no lākou i nā wahi a pau i ka pūnāwai.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka dg merganser?
Makahaʻa a ʻaʻole paha duck merganser? ʻAʻole ka ʻiʻo o kēia manu i ka mea ʻono o ka home. ʻOiai, kaulana kēia pāʻani ma waena o ka poʻe holo. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka ʻeleʻele i kapa ʻia kekahi o nā kīʻaha hoʻomaha hoʻomaha loa. Hoʻomoʻa pinepine ka ʻiʻo o kēia manu i ka umu. Hoʻohālikelike maoli inā i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a ʻūlua ʻia paha. I ka wā Makahiki Hou a me nā lā Kalikimaka, ua kālua ʻia ka moa i ka umu. Inā ka hoʻomoʻa i ka manu holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kāpili. No kēia, nā huaapakai, nā meli, ka ʻōpala, ua kūpono nā hua maloʻo. Pono he meaʻai momona.
ʻO ka manu momona wale wale nō i kūpono no ka hoʻomoʻa. ʻO ka kaupa kūpono loa he 2.5 kilamu. Ua hōʻea ʻo Merganser i ke kaupaona ʻana ma ke kau hoʻoilo. Ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, pono e holoi holoi ʻia ke kupapaʻu ma lalo o ka wai holo ʻana, ʻūʻī, maloʻo, ʻumi ʻia, paʻakai, ʻīwī me nā ʻano mea ʻala, ʻulaʻula i loko a kū i waho, piha me ka hoʻopiha piha. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kihi o ke kālena me nā kaula, ma luna o kāwili ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻaila. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pālolo no kekahi mau hola, e pili ana i ka nui o ka manu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia penei: 1 kg = 45 mau minuke, me 25 mau minuke, no laila ʻoliʻoli ke poʻo. Ma mua o kou kau ʻana i ka pīpī i loko o ka umu, pono ʻoe e hoʻomālamalama i ka hope loa.
Inā ukana ke kalai, pono hoʻi e ʻoki i ka hoki - e hoʻōla ia i ka pāʻai mai kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi ʻole ʻole. E hāʻawi i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka juiciness, ʻoi ʻia e hoʻohui i ka mea ʻono, prunes, lingonberry i ka hoʻopiha ʻana. I ka wā e kulu ai, pono e lawe ʻia ka ʻikena a inu i ka momona, aia i hana ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻano ʻeono i loko o ka merganser genus, ʻehā o ka maʻamau i ka Russia:
- liʻiliʻi, a i hala wale paha,
- nui merganser,
- lōʻihi (nolo)
- māhule.
Nā ʻano like he nui o ka hui ʻo Brazil a me Brazil. Ua pau nā ʻano ʻo Auckland Merganser. Noho ka ʻaua ma Aotearoa a hiki i laila, lawe ʻia mai ka puaʻa hihiu. I kēia manawa, ʻike wale ʻia nā manu manuahi i loko o nā hale hōʻike kūloko.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Merganser (pākuhi). Kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa loa i nā hoahānau pili nui. ʻO ka paona ka 50-700 g wale nō, loaʻa nā mea kaupaona ʻo 800-900 g ka loaʻa ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻolauleʻa manu he wahi ākea i ka hope o ke poʻo.
Aia nā pūnaewele pala i nā wahi ulu lāʻau o Siberia, Karelia, ka Far East, ka ʻāpana ʻUulopa o Rūsia. Makemake nā Duck i nā wahi āpau ma nā kahawai nui, nā loko kahe wai me nā wai hou.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai o ke Kai ʻeleʻele me Caspian, i nā ʻāina o Central Asia, Iapana a me Kina. Noho nā manu noho paʻa ma ka lihi o ka hau, i loko o ka wai pāpaku.
ʻO ka lole o nā kāne nā ka pīhoihoi me ka hui nani o ka keʻokeʻo a me ka lehu waiho ʻulaʻula me kahi alaula ʻulaʻula, ʻoi ka maka i loko o nā ʻaoʻao. Beak, nā wāwae o kahi pale kukui. Aia nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka. ʻO nā lole o nā wahine he hina hina me ko ka pāpale pale pale i ko lākou poʻo.
Hoʻomaka ka make ʻana o nā mergansers liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, lele lākou i nā nests i nā paʻa ʻelua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Noho nā loio i nā ʻuʻuku i waiho ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mālama ʻana e nā kāne o kā lākou pālolo e kū a hiki i ka wā hope o ka hua manu, a laila lele lākou i ka molt. Hoʻokomo wale nā wahine i kā lākou hua wale nō, akā ʻo nā hua o nā gogol pili.
Merganser. ^ E Ha yM. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpio i loko o nā hale noho maʻamau he cormorant, he bison ʻulaʻula. Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā wai kai wai e pili ana i nā kahawai lauka, loko o nā wahi ākea i nā Southern Urals, Altai, Sakhalin, Kamchatka.
E makemake ana i ka wai nāu, pale aku i nā kahakai. Hōʻike ka inoa o nā ʻano i ka nui nui o ka duck - ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 kg. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o nā kāne ka nele o ka crest.
Ka poʻo ʻeleʻele, hoʻoheheʻe i ka ʻāʻī me kahi kikoʻī o ke kāʻei ʻanohano. Ke keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū, a me kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā wahine, ʻaʻole like me nā kahe ʻulaʻula, he ulaula. I waena o nā mergansers nui, ʻekolu mau subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale: maʻamau, ʻĀpana ʻAmelika, Himalayan. Loaʻa ka mea ʻelua i kā mākou ʻāina.
Hāʻawi ka lōʻihi (nole) merganser. Kahi ʻano manu manuahi manuahi ʻaʻole pono ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. Merganser ua pālahalaha nui ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ma nā mokuʻāina Baltic, ma ka penikala Scandinavian.
Loaʻa ia ma Rūsia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Siberia, ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Solovetsky, ma Karelia, i nā Urals. Merganser makemake i nā kai moana, nā loko o nā ʻaukā, nā wahi mokupuni. ʻO ka luʻu nui a me ke kahe. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻeleʻele poʻo i ke kala ʻeleʻele me ka ʻēheu keʻokeʻo, kahi kaula e hele ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka manu.
Aia kahi pālua ma ke kua o ke poʻo. He ʻulaʻula -ʻulaʻula ka wahine, me kahi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kahi kaila a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻOkoʻa nā kamaliʻi ma waena o ko lākou mau hoalauna i kahi moʻomeheu waiwai nui me ka hoʻowalewale ʻana o ke poʻo i ka wai, ka puʻupuʻu, nā kīʻaha lele.
Scaly Merganser. ^ E Ha yM. He manu kipa e alakaʻi ana i kahi noho paʻa ʻana ma ke kahakai o ke Kai ʻo Bering, loaʻa ma nā kahawai mauna i Kina, Manchuria. Koho ʻo Duck i nā holoholona i waiwai i ka iʻa, e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka nahele coniferous a deciduous. Kahi ʻia ka ulana pōpō manuahi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea e pili ana i ka mergansers pili.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o ke kala i loaʻa i kahi lāʻau oliva, a me ka māmā - me kahi'āpana ulaula. Hoʻopili ʻia ka inoa me ke kahalaha ma ke kua o nā ʻala hina hina, mai kahi mamao e like me nā kaulike. I loko o ke Kauka Kauwila, hōʻike ʻia ka scaly merganser me ke ʻano o nā "ʻano heʻe lahilahi". ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka 1,5 mau manu.
Merganser Brazil. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kala he kala hina, hehi, ke poʻo, ke ʻāʻī, ke kua o kahi pale ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka drake i ka wahine. ʻAe lākou i ka ʻāina me ka hilinaʻi, akā e hānai wale i ka mea a lākou e ʻike ai i ka wai. Mālama ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mākele aupuni o Palakopa, aia ma ka palena o ka pau ʻole. Ua helu ʻia ka nui helu ma mua o 260 manu o kēia ʻano.
Mekia Kauhane. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻano me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, he mea maoli nō. E kū mai kahi pūhaka ākea loa ma ke poʻo o ka manu, e wehe hou ana i kēia manawa i ka wā o kēia manawa. I nā kāne, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ke kala o nā alaloa, a me nā wahine - ʻulaʻula. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi pālolo kupaianaha ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma kapa o nā kahawai o nā ka nahele, nā muliwai o lalo.
ʻO ka pale duck Merganser
ʻO ke kiʻi: Duck Merganser mai ka Puke ʻaha
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻano o nā mergansers, akā paʻa ka lehulehu. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau pua o kēlā mau pālele ma ka palena o ka pau ʻana, e kau ʻia ma nā Red Book o nā ʻāina he nui a koi ʻia ka pale. ʻO nā ʻano ʻalani a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli ka mea e ili ai ka scaly a me nā mergansers o Brazil. ʻO nā pōpoki nunui a lōʻihi loa i ka pōpilikia i kēia lā, noho lākou i ka nui o ka lehulehu ma o ka home kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā hana aʻe i lawe ʻia e pale aku i nā pōpoki o nā mea hoʻokiʻoki a hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou heluna nui:
- hoʻomau ka ʻike. ʻImi pono nā kānakaʻepekema i ke kūlana o kēia manawa, nānā i ka nui o nā ducks, ko lākou kūlana olakino. Ke aʻo nei i nā mea hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lehulehu o kēia mau manu,
- ka hana ʻana o nā paka i mālama ʻia. No kēia mau maka, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā paka kūikawā me nā kūlana e pono ai. Ma laila, aia nā manu ma lalo o ka malu 24-hola,
ka lawe ʻana o nā manu i ke pio ʻana.
ʻIke maoli nōʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua pau loa kekahi mau mea o ka merganser. No laila, ʻike ʻia ka inoa o Oakland merganser i loko o ka hale moʻomeheu. ʻO nā kao aʻehā, nā pōpoki a me nā puaʻa e hoʻopiʻi i kona make.
Dg merganser - He mea kū hoʻokahi a nani hoʻi. Loaʻa mau ʻano wai i kēia ʻano wai. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i kekahi mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole, kēlā me kēia pākahi i kona ʻano ponoʻī. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hapa nui o nā merganser i kēia lā, no laila ʻo ka hana o nā kānaka e pale iā lākou a kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka heluna.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ke ʻano
I waena o nā pōpoki manuahi, ʻo ka mallard ka mea nui loa. I ka wā lūlū, loaʻa i ka drake ka 2 kg o ka paona. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole ia iʻoi aku i ka 1,5 kg. Kaumaha nā wahine i ka 1,4 kg. ʻO ka paona a me ka nui o ka manu e pā pono i ka meaʻai. I ka awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pālele mai ka beak a i ka huelo he 60 cm, a ʻo 26 mau kaheka nā ʻēheu.
ʻAke like ka kala o ke mele a me nā wahine, he paʻakikī ia e manaʻo e pili i ka poʻe like. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahine i nā kala o ke ʻano - ʻo ia nā aniani o ke kala a ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū me ka hulu o kahi kala ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka beak o ka manu ka lāʻau ʻoliva a hina hina paha i ka kala kala, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae o ka pūnaewele.
Hoʻolilo ʻia ka mole mallard me ka plumage mālamalama. ʻO ka luna a me ka ʻāʻī o ka manu ua uhi ʻia i nā hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi hāpuna momele. Aia kekahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka mea hele a me ka umauma o ke kāne i kau ʻia ma ke ʻoniʻoni polū. ʻO ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka hihia he ʻāpana hina. ʻO nā wāwae a me kahi ʻikukā o nā kāʻei like e like me nā wahine.
I loko o nā kala o nā mele a me nā wahine, aia nā mea maʻamau. No ka laʻana o kēia nā hiʻohiʻona poni hoʻohanohano ma luna o nā ʻēheu - ʻike maoli ʻia lākou i ka wa e heʻe a haole ana ko lākou mau ʻēheu. Hoʻomoana nā kukupa i ka ʻeleʻele waiho melemele.
Mīkini: Maki ʻo Mallard (25 kiʻi)
ʻO Lonard Habitat
E like me nā pōpoki āpau, noho ka poʻe noho ma mallard kokoke i nā kino wai.
- Lohi.
- Kapuna wai wai.
- Lohi kahe.
ʻO ke kumu nui no ke koho ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu he nui o ka pua, nā pua, a me nā hehi o nā lāʻau i hāʻule i kahakai. Ke pale nei kēia i nā manu mai nā mea kahalaha a kōkua i ka hānai malū i nā hua. I nā wahi ākea o nā wai wai, ʻeleʻī ʻōpua i aneane ʻole i loaʻa. ʻOiai ka makaʻu ʻana ʻo ka pupu holoholona wiwo ʻole, he mea maʻamau i loko o nā loko wai o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO nā manu a hānai ʻia e nā kānaka e hoʻokau wiwo ʻole a ʻauʻau kokoke i ka meaʻai. He manu ʻōlapa ʻaina ʻo Mallard. Hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi me nā kime maʻalahi.
- ʻO ke Kaiʻāina.
- Kokoke ma East.
- Hikina ʻĀina
- Kina Hema
Inā he'ōmaʻa ka hoʻoilo, he lele ʻole kahi hapa o nā pōlio, akā noho mau i loko o nā kaola manu ʻole.
He aha nā meaʻai o ka moa Maki?
He pono ʻole nā ʻīlio hihiu e ʻai - ua hānai lākou i ka mea e hiki ke loaʻa i ka loko.
ʻO Duckweed, ka mea e huki ana i nā loko wai me nā wai kūmau, he ʻano momona no nā pato. Nā manu wailua kuʻu ma lalo o ka wai - hoʻokahi lāʻu me ka wāwae wāwae i luna ma luna o ka ʻili. Ke kū nei i ko lākou poʻo, lākou Hoʻokomo i ka haʻahaʻa o ka loko i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ala e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai i ka ʻāpana i ka noho - ʻo ka hohonu o ke kaʻe wai i ʻole ai e hiki i ka manu ke hiki i lalo i ka ʻukā.
I ke kauwela, hoʻopiʻi nā pato i ka meaʻai me nā cereals, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hele maʻamau i nā mahina o ka palaoa, rye a me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe.
Pāʻani manu ākea
Hiki i nā manu ke kūleʻa i na makahiki ona. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hāʻule, e wāwahi nā mallards i mau huakaʻi - no laila lākou ʻae i ka hoʻoilo. Aia i ka wahi o ke noho a me ka pono o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki i ka wā ulu ke hoʻomaka mai ka ʻApelila a ʻAukake.
A hiki mai ka manawa hana ka drake me ka wahine i kūkulu i ka pūnana kekahi mau mile mai ka wai. ʻO kēia hohonu kahi e hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi i ka lāʻau maloʻo. Mālama ka manu kāne i ka wahine i ka wā hana. Ke hoʻokau nei ia i ka hua, lele ka drake i ka molt.
A hiki i kahi kenekulia huaʻai i loko o kahi paʻa. ʻO ka paona momona o hoʻokahi hua he 50 grā. Ke keʻokeʻo a puni ka pulupulu i kahi kinipōpō iki. Inā hele ka wahine e hele aku, uhi ʻo ia i nā hua me ka pua e ʻohi ana i ka pā. Ke ʻike ʻia ua luku ʻia nā hua, hiki iā ia ke waiho hou, akā pinepine ka hua o ka moa i kuhi ʻole ʻia.
Ma hope o 28 mau lā o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hoʻomau, hoʻomaka ka ʻōpekika i ka manawa like. Ma hope o nā hola 12, alakaʻi ka makuahine iā lākou i loko o ka wai. Ke ulu nui nei nā huaahi ma hope o 2 mau mahina ke kaupaona nei lākou he 1 kg.
He holoholona hānai manu
ʻO ka ʻiʻo mallard ka mea ʻono a me ka pono i ke kō. I ka wā lohi, loaʻa i ka manu ke kaupaona ʻana, aia ma nā lima o nā mea ʻimi. E mālama pono ʻia kahi manu hihiu i nā ʻano kūlohelohe, no laila, i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi trope, e hoʻāʻo ʻoe. Ke ʻimi nei lākou ma nā mallards i ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokokoke kokoke iā lākou - inā ʻike lākou i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e lele lākou.
E hopu i nā manu, i uka i mua e kūkulu lākou i kahi kahi mai ka ʻohe a me nā lālā. Hūnā kekahi kahu holoholona ki kēia ʻano hana kuhihewa ʻia. Inā hoʻokokoke lākou, hiki ke kaha ʻia i ka decoy cracking kūikawā. Eia kekahi, kahi pahu kalakei i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka wai. Ma ke kānāwai, ke ʻike a lohe a lohe paha i nā ʻohana, nā ʻūlolo e iho i loko o ka wai.
Inā hele hewa ʻoe i ka lua o ka pāpale ʻaʻohe pono e luku ia a lawe i nā hua. He mea paʻakikī loa nā wahine i ke ola like ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. Eia pū kekahi ʻaʻohe pono e ʻimi i nā kaole wahine i ka hāʻule, no ka mea, i kēia manawa pana aku lākou i ka hua. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ke wehe i kahi wahine mai kahi drake ʻaʻole paʻakikī. I ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻohe pono o ka ʻuʻaha mallard - i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe a lākou i loaʻa ka momona hoʻokona.
Ke ulu nei nā kaole ma ka home
ʻO kēia ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka poʻe makemake ʻole e komo i ka hopu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono nā manu e hana i nā kūlana e like me ka hiki o ka mea kūlohelohe. Pono ka Drake a me ka wahine i ka wai, no laila inā ʻaʻohe wai kūlohelohe kokoke i ka hale, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi ʻano kūlohelohe. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā mall mall i ka paona i koi ʻia.
ʻAno nā mea hāʻawi a nā mallards i ʻokoʻa i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no nā duck home. ʻO ka wikiwiki ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manu, ʻo ia hāʻawi i nā iʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Inā loaʻa ka mallard i loko o kahi aviary, pono kahi hoʻokomo o ke one i loko. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea ʻai e like me kēia:
- ʻŌpala.
- Kahala.
- Naauhea.
- ʻO nā ʻōpeku, seaweed.
- Nā mea hoʻohui puke.
- Iniseti.
Loaʻa kū ʻia nā hua ʻōlio me nā pono - no kēia, pono nā manu e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma ka hau hou, ʻoiai e noʻonoʻo ʻia ana e hoʻololi i kahi o ka hele ʻana i ka wā mau pinepine. No kēia, pono ke kikowaena mobile.
Ma ka hale kūʻai hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā kīʻai kūikawā no nā pupu liu. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo he pono ʻole ka hānai manu - pono kēia i ka maʻi kino.
ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi i nā ʻīlio i ka palaoa a me nā ʻūlū. Pono nā mea inu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maoli. Hiki iaʻu ke uku no ka kauoha ma o WebMoney? Waiwai, no ka mea inu nui nā manu.
ʻO nā huaʻōlelo o nā pono kīwī
ʻĀnalo ʻo ia nā ʻano hapa ʻē aʻe mai nā duck mallard. ʻO nā moʻo mallard maʻamau ʻĀpana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Keʻokeʻo Duck, Hawaiian Mallard. ^ E Ha yM. I waena o lākou aia kahi poʻe i pili ʻole i ka migratory. Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻia ka Hawaiʻi Mallard i nā nohona ola, no laila noho mau ʻo ia ma ka wai like.
ʻIke maoli ia Kāleka ʻalani ʻeleʻele. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi loa kona helehelena i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pupu ʻē aʻe - he ʻeleʻele a me ka hina hina. ʻO kahi noho mau o kēia mau manu he Eastern Canada. Manaʻo ʻo Ornithologists ʻo ka mallard ʻeleʻele i ka wā i hala aku nei he wahi māhele kaawale, no laila ʻaʻole i hui pū me ka mallard maʻamau. Ke hele nei kēia ʻano, me ke ʻano o nā manu o nā subspecies kekahi i kekahi.
He manu manuahi a ʻoluʻolu ʻo Mallard, he mea hoihoi ia e nānā. Ke loaʻa kahi kūlana, hiki ke ulu i loko o kahi hale kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā ʻaka, ʻoi aku ka palaka, e hōʻola i kekahi kino wai me ko lākou helehelena, ʻoluʻolu me ka hoʻāʻo e hānai iā lākou iho. Ua ʻike ʻoe i kēia ʻihi wai i ka wai kokoke a i ʻole ka muliwai paha. Maemae ʻo Mallard a mālama pono pono i kāna mau hua, kahi e hoʻonā pono ai i nā poʻe.
Mālama
ʻO nā ʻāpana Holarctic, ʻo ka māhele ka māhele o ka nahele-tundra a me ka ulu lāʻau ʻākau no nā hemispher. Ma Eurasia, noho nui ia ma ka hikina hikina o Denmark a me Scandinavia, akā loaʻa nā nūnū liʻiliʻi i nā Alps, Nui Pelekane a me Iceland. Ma ke ʻākau, hiki i ka palena o ka mea kanu lāʻau: a hiki i ka 67 ° C ma ka moku Kola Kula a me ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia. N, ma Yamal a hiki i 69 ° C. N ma ka muliwai Yenisei a hiki i 68 ° C. sh., a i ka loko o Vilyuya a hiki i ka 66 ° c. sh., ma a iona Lena a hiki i 64 ° c. sh., komohana o ka awawa o Kolyma a i ka lahilahi 64, i na aina akau o Chukotka. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, e anuanu i nā ʻaoʻao a pau i ke komohana a i ka hikina i ke kūkulu hema mai Alaska a hiki i Quebec a me Newfoundland.
Ma ka Honua Mua, lono ʻo ia ke kūkulu hema i ke kanemani Denemaka, nā kihi waena o Polani a me Belarus, ka ʻāina Pskov, ke kahawai ʻo Mologa, nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o nā awāwa o Belaya, Ufa a me Ik, a hiki i 55 ° C ma Western Siberia. sh., hikina a i Lake Zaysan, Altai, nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Mongolia, ka ʻaoʻao hema o Amur basin, ʻūhiwa hema o Kina a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Sikhote-Alin massif. Ma ʻAmelika Hema ke hema a kūlou o Mekiko i ke komohana komohana a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau nona ka US ma ka hikina.
Nā Moho
ʻO nā ʻano mele migratory a i ʻole kekahi hapa migratory. I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā ʻāpana ʻāpana i nā lewa liʻiliʻi: no ka laʻana, nā manu e noho laʻala ana i Scandinavia a kokoke i-polar ma ke komohana komohana o Russia ka neʻe nui loa no nā wahi e pili ana i nā kahakai o ka Baltic a i ʻĀkau Kai, akā hoʻi i kahi mamao ma waena o waena a me ka hema o Europe. Nā moʻolelo liʻiliʻi ʻala o nā manu hoʻoilo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā wahi kahakai o ka Wāliʻalika a me Caspian, a ma ʻAmelika Huipū hoʻi - e like me nā poʻe loea, ʻo kēia mau manu e pili ana i ka lehelehe ma Rūsia ma ka hikina o Pechora. Ma ka Hikina mamao, aia nā wahi hoʻoilo i Iapana, Korea a me nā wahi kahakai o Kina. Hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā manu migratory mai kēlā makahiki i kēia makahiki: ʻoi paha, i nā kaalulu haʻalulu, kahi hapa nui o lākou e noho ana i nā wahi hana a neʻe paha i nā wahi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka wale ka haʻalele ʻana i ka wā kō i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, ke uhi ʻia ka wai me kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka hau. Ma mua aʻe o ka noho ʻana o ka hema no ka nohona ʻana, e hana ana i ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole hoʻi e hele i kahi mamao lōʻihi.
Hoʻaiho
I ka wā e noho ai, noho ʻo ia i nā wai waiʻuʻu me nā ʻūhā kumu lāʻau: nā loko wai i nui me ke kūkaʻi, nā wahi noho, nā kahe kahe e kahe ana i luna, kahi e noho ai lākou ma kahi o ke kahakai o ka lāʻau. Ke lawe aku, e koi ka manu i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka wai - no kēia kumu ke pale pinepine nei i nā kaila liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻokō pono i nā kūlana ola ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā merganser ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka mea nui i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kiʻihi, i ka puʻu ʻana i nā pihi a me ka lalo o nā kuahiwi. ʻO nā ʻaina i nā loko nui ʻole ka manuahi a me nā loko a me nā wai palaki, i kekahi manawa ma nā moku uha a me nā kapakai kai. I Pepeluali-Malaki 2012, ʻike ʻia nā hui mele nui i ka wā hoʻoilo ma ka Dnieper ma ka moku o Kiev.
Kālā
Noho ʻo Lutok ma kahi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o Russia a me ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Scandinavia. ʻO nā ʻaina ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Eurasia mai ke Kaiʻula a i ke Kai o Iapana, ma Northern Europe a me nā kai e holoi ana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi hau ʻole o ka Baltic, Caspian, Okhotk a me ka Moana o Iapana. Ke waiho nei kekahi mau manu no ka hoʻoilo ma ka lāʻau ʻōpala.
I ka wā hana, noho ka lute i nā wai wai i loko o ka wai taiga - nā loko, nā loko wai, nā pākeke, nā lunakahiko, pinepine loa nā wahi, nā wahi ākea o ka pā sphagnum a me nā kahe e kahe kahe o nā kahawai me ka wai maʻemaʻe. Ua hemo ʻo Loot mai kahi holo pōkole loa ma luna o ka wai a no laila hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o nā wahi pāpaku liʻiliʻi ʻole i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ʻia e nā ʻano pā. Hoʻonui ka ʻīlio i ka pōpoki i nā wahi moana i loko o nā kahe a i nā lau o nā muliwai, a me nā loko nui, nā puna wai a me nā kahe, a me kekahi manawa aia i ka kai ākea.
Female_in_tree_cavity _-_ kopiya.jpg
ʻO kekahi kumu nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā pōpoki līpika ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā wao awāwa me nā lāʻau noha. ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā pūnaewele waiwai kūpono e hōʻemi ana i ka hana o nā pua ma kona wahi kūlohelohe. He nui nā manu e make ana i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa. ʻOiai ke kāohi paʻa ʻana i ka pālio līlī, ʻaʻole i lilo nā mea hoʻoneʻe i hoʻopili ʻia no ka poʻe lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka maka o ka luna pana i ka merganser lele lele e lele ana mai nā ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe a me nā keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka ulu ʻana o nā moa e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka mea hopohopo i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka lawaiʻa, nā huakaʻi i nā waʻa kaʻa. I Kina, nā kumu nui no ka hoʻemi ʻana: deforestation, hoʻoponopono ʻia o nā kumulā e nā muliwai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai o ka muliwai.
Mai ka 2000, ua hoʻomaka kahi papahana ma Primorye e hana i nā kūlana no ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana o kēia manu manu luhi. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka pā mahani kumuhana ma nā muliwai 15 o Primorye. Ka huina o 205 mau ʻuala i aʻo ʻia, nona 190 nests ma loko o nā mea honu a he 15 nests. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka mahiʻai Hulled kahi ala maikaʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā manu i loaʻa pinepine ʻole i nā manu. No ka 2002-2017 1334 ua aloha maoli ʻia nā pua me nā koʻi.