Hawk ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a i ʻole Polybore ʻAmelika (Kūʻai polyboroides) laha ma waena o ʻArani-Africa: mai Senegal i hikina a Sudan, Eritrea a me ʻEseia a me ka hema o ʻApelika Hema. Aia ʻo ia i ke ola ʻano luhi, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke hana i nā neʻe holo ʻāina. Noho ka ʻōiwi ʻApelika i ka nahele, nā savannas lāʻau, a me ka nahele. ʻO ke kānāwai, e kau ana ma nā kihi lāʻau, nā mākaʻi, kokoke i nā kahawai a i nā ʻūhā paha e piʻi aʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3000 m ma luna o ke kai. Hiki ke ʻike maka ʻia kēia ʻano manu manu i ka ʻāina paʻa, nā kanu kanu eucalyptus, a me nā kanu niu. Noho pinepine lākou i ka eucalyptus alleys e ulu ana ma nā kūlanakauhale.

Kāleka

ʻO ka lōʻihi kino hawric mahina hawk hiki ke 50-65 cm, he kapuaʻi ke kaupaona mai 500 a 900 g. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka umauma o kēia manu ʻulaʻula hina, ʻōʻō ka ʻōpū me nā pupu ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻēheu, ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi. ʻEleʻele ka huʻu me kahi kaula ākea keʻokeʻo ākea. ʻAno ke helehelena, ʻāhinahina a ʻulaʻula paha i ka kala. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele a me nā wahine kekahi like ʻole like me kekahi, akā he mau ʻulaʻula ʻalani a nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.

Huni a me ka ponoʻai

ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka mākele hanohano o ʻAmelika i maopopo ʻole, lele ka lewa a noho mālie, no laila e ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka huli ʻana ʻaʻole i ka lele, akā i loko o nā lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO kona poʻo ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi a me ka wāwae lōʻihi loa, e ʻae iā ia e ʻimi i nā kihi ākea loa o nā kumulāʻau o lalo o nā kumulāʻau ma lalo o ka ʻula i moe i hope o ke ʻala. ʻAi ʻia kēia manu ʻai i ka līlapa, nā baki lāʻau, nā mamm liʻiliʻi (me nā ʻōpala), nā manu, kā lākou hua a me nā moa, nā pepeke nui a me nā mea ulu, i kekahi manawa e ʻai ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka lawe. Hāʻawi ka pono o nā wāwae i kēia mea e huki i nā hua a me nā ʻokiʻoki mai ke kau ʻana i nā nū ʻōpala o ʻAmelika. Ke West Africa, ka meaʻai punahele no ka hawk mahina i ka huaʻaila aila.

Mākaukau i ka mea, ua hoʻohana kēia manu predator i nā ʻano hopu like ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke lūlū iki a hoʻopuni me nā ʻēheu ākea ākea, e ʻimi ana i kahi kahe a mālama paha i kēlā mau wahi e loaʻa ai ka waiwai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hawk moon i nā lāʻau, nā pali a me nā kumukūʻai o nā hale, nā mea hōʻeuʻeu o nā pua a me nā ʻala. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i nā ʻōpala lāʻau, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻēheu e kākoʻo iā ia. ʻOiai ka pohō kaumaha nui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka weluwelu o ka mahina o ka mahina o Aferika a hiki ke hoʻopili i ka pua a ka ulana.

ʻAno hānau

Hānau kūleʻa hawric mahina hawk hilinaʻi i ka noho. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi pūnana liʻiliʻi ma ka lei o ka lāʻau ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-20 m ma luna o ka lepo a i lalo o kahi kuʻi o ka pōhaku mai nā lālā a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo āna e kau ai, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka manawa incubation (30-35 mau lā) a hiki i nā pua waiho (kahi paha he 45-55 mau lā). Aia ka pipi, he 1-3 (maʻa mau 2) kaʻaila, nui ka hua ʻeha. Hoʻokomo nā mākua ʻelua i nā hua manu (i kēia manawa he mea huna a mālama pono lākou), akā ʻoi aku ka manawa o ka wahine i ka manawa o ka ʻohana. Luku pinepine ka ʻōpio nui i ka ʻōpio, no laila e hānai hoʻokahi o nā kahu ʻalani no Aferika i ka nui o ka moa. Kaniʻi nā manu ʻōpana nui i ke kala; ʻo kā lākou kaila ka uliuli-melemele. I ka wā 2 a me ka 3 o nā makahiki, ua loli nā manu ʻōpio i ka plumage brown me nā ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻūlū me nā hulu hulu o ka hina hina.

(Ka ʻōpio Polyboroides)

Kahele nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana sub-Saharan Africa: mai Senegal hikina a Sudan, Eritrea a me ʻEsia, a me ka hema i ʻApelika Hema. Aia ʻo ia i ke ola ʻano luhi, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke hana i nā neʻe holo ʻāina. Noho ia i nā ulu lāʻau, nā savannas lāʻau, nā mea kanu hoʻi, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā māla kanu. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kau ana ma nā kihi o nā ululāʻau, nā mākaʻi, kokoke i nā kahawai a i nā ʻōpala paha. Noho ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 m ma luna o ke kai.

ʻO ka roa o ke kino he 50-65 cm, lōʻihi ka ʻēhe 37-48 cm, ke kaupaona 500–900 g. He hina hina ke poʻo a me ka umauma, ʻili iki ka ʻōpū me nā pehu liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele nāhelehe, ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi. ʻEleʻele ka huʻu me kahi kaula ākea keʻokeʻo ākea. ʻAno ke helehelena, ʻāhinahina a ʻulaʻula paha i ka kala. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele a me nā wahine kekahi like ʻole like me kekahi, akā he mau ʻulaʻula ʻalani a nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.

ʻO ka lele o ka heihei mahina ʻApika ʻaʻole i maopopo, lele a lele ʻole, no laila makemake ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka holo, akā i loko o nā lei o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO kona poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka wāwae lōʻihi loa, e ʻae iā ia e ʻimi i nā kihi ākea loa i nā kuahiwi a ma lalo o ka ʻili i hāʻule ai ma hope o ka ʻeke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i nā pōpō, nā huaʻala lāʻau, nā mamm liʻiliʻi (me nā māla), nā manu, nā hua manu a me nā moa, nā pepeke nui a me nā milo. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka likoa. Hāʻawi ka pono o nā wāwae i kēia mea e huki i nā hua a me nā ʻokiʻoki mai ke kau ʻana i nā nū ʻōpala o ʻAmelika. Ke West Africa, ka meaʻai punahele o ka puny hawk ka hua aila aila.

Hoʻokumu ka māla hoʻoulu i ka noho. ʻO kahi pūnana liʻiliʻi ma ka lei o ka lāʻau a ma lalo o kahi pani o ka pōhaku mai nā lālā a lika me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e ulana ai, hoʻomaka mai ka manawa incubation (30-35 mau lā) a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā moa (ma kahi o 60 mau lā). In kikiki 1-3 (maʻa mau) 2 cream, nui nā hua ʻalihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua (i kēia manawa he mea huna a he mea mālama wale lākou).

ʻO keʻano

ʻO nā mea kikoʻī maʻamau me ke ʻano o kahi ʻaeto, buzzard, kite, hawk, ʻāʻī, me ka laulā o ka ʻano o nā ʻano morphological ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona ola. Nui ka ʻano o nā ʻāpana.

Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kani, hiki i nā mākeke ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole, ka mea maʻamau o ka timbre kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi.

ʻO ka beak i hoʻopaʻi ʻia ma hope, ʻo ka beak o ka beak i luna kokoke i ke kikowaena e kū pono ʻia i lalo, ʻo ka beak i lalo ka pololei.

Ua nui nā maka (e pili ana i ka 1% o ke kaumaha o ke kino), hōʻailona alakaʻi i mua, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahua nui o ka hihiʻo binocular. Loaʻa ka ʻike ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka ma kahi o 8 mau manawa.

He paʻakikī ka plumage, ka hulu contoured me kahi kumu i hoʻomohala maikaʻi i ka ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻaoʻao.

Kokoke kēlā me kēia ʻano holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli ʻo ka manuahi ʻōiwi o Aferika.Angolensis Gypohierax) ʻai nui i ka hua o nā ʻano lāʻau pāma kekahi. He nui nā ʻano loea. ʻO nā ʻowonsopē he mau pīpī, nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi a me nā pua hūlū, nā ichthyophages - nā aeto, nā myophages - he nui o nā buzzards, "kukui" moons, nā eʻelima piula, nā kanu kanu, nā herpetophages - nā kahu ʻokiʻoni a me nā ʻalā kupua, nā ornithophages - nā ʻaleʻa nui, a me nā moʻo wai. Akā ka hapanui o nā polyphages me ka nui o kaʻai. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano mea hānai.

ʻO nā koena ʻai hoihoi - nā iwi, ka huluhulu, nā hulu, ka chitin - kū i waho i ke ʻano o nā heʻe.

Kahi helu

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hawks a pau i nā subfamilies, ʻo ka hapanui e like me nā ʻano morphological. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia kekahi taxa i kēia mau pūʻulu mai ka ʻōpū, a eia naʻe naʻe kā lākou e noho ai i kēia manawa o lākou, ʻoiai ua kokoke loa lākou i kēia mau pūʻulu. ʻO Phylogenesis a me ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻōlelo ʻepekema.

Wahi a ka International Union for Conservation of Nature, ʻohana ʻohana 70, nona nā huaʻōlelo 14.

Nā Hōʻailona kūleʻa o ka ʻApelika Hae o Hawk

Aia ka nui o ka ʻalani a ka ʻukena o Aferika i ka nui o 65 cm a me kahi ehe ana o 118 a 152 cm.ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino he 635 - 950 mau grama.

He manu ʻaina nui kēia o ka pio, ʻike ʻia e kāna ʻano hiʻohiʻona o waho. ʻO like pū ka wahine a me ke kāne, akā ʻo ka wahine ʻo 3% ka nui o ka nui o ke kino a ʻo 26% ka kaumaha.

Hawk hau ʻApika

He hina hina ka hona o ka ʻalani ʻAmelika. I ka uhi hulu hulu, hoʻonaninani ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele o kona ʻano ʻano, i ʻike ʻia i ka wahine. Aia nā hulu me nā leile ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōlelo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hina ka lāʻa. I ka maka, ʻōnole ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Aia hauʻoli kahi manu, e ʻulaʻula. I nā pākālika lepika ʻAmelika Hema, ʻeleʻele ka iris. ʻUni nā pala.

ʻO ka meli i loko o nā manu ʻōpio ma ka piko he ʻeleʻele kalaʻula i ka kala me nā hōkū wavy ʻulaʻula.

He ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka maka. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu ma lalo iho nei, hiki i keʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele aʻe ma lalo iho, me nā ʻoki ʻokiʻoki, nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma a me nā pōkoki ulaula i ʻōpū ma luna o ka ʻōpū. Ma lalo iho nei e loli ka kala kala, lilo ia ʻulaʻula me nā hiʻohiʻona i ke ʻano o nā kīwī ʻeleʻele ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū. He mea nui nā kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia kanaka.

ʻO nā manu ʻōpio, ʻaʻole like i nā pākeke, he māka-ʻalani-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hala i ka kala o ka plumage, e like me ka nui o nā manu makua o kahi pāpeʻe hina nani, ma muli o ka molting. I ka wā 2 a me ka 3 o nā makahiki, ua loli nā manu ʻōpio i ka plumage brown me nā keʻokeʻo - ʻeleʻele ʻia i ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū a me nā puʻupuʻu me ka uhi ʻulaʻula o ka hina hina.

He hina hina ka hona o ka ʻalani ʻAmelika

ʻAmelika ʻAilana Hawk Habitats

Noho ʻia nā mākelika mahina ma ʻAmelika. Loaʻa lākou i nā ululāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao māmā a me nā ʻike. Noho pū nō hoʻi lākou i nā pāpū savannah, ma nā wahi puʻu me nā pali, ma nā puʻu kaʻo, ma nā wao nahele i pili i nā kaila o nā kahawai a me nā loko.

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano manu manuahi ma nā ʻāina paʻa, nā kanu kanu eucalyptus a me nā kanu niu. Noho lākou i ka lepuleka e ulu i loko o ke kaona. Noho pū nō lākou i nā kumulāʻau nāhelehele kokoke i ka muliwai. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, ʻike ʻia i nā kahawai pale kokoke i ka wao nahele. Noho nā ʻōpū o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ke kai a hiki i ke kuahiwi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 mika.

ʻ Moonlelo Hema o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika

E hele mai nā hawewe mahina o ʻApika mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika a laha hoʻi ma ka hema o ka Sahara. ʻO kā lākou wahi noho ma nā wahi āpau mai ke kūkulu hema o Mauritania a hiki i Cape of Good Hope, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā wahi wao ma Namibia a me Botswana. Aia ʻia ma ka hikina Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, ma ke komohana ʻo Zaire i ka ʻākau ʻo Angola.

Ma kēia ʻāina ākea o 14 miliona mau kilomita square, ʻelua ʻānō subspecies i ʻike manawaleʻa:

• P. t. ua hoʻohele ʻia ka maʻi maʻamau i Sudan a me ʻAitiopa - i East Africa, ma Zaire i ʻApelika Hema.
• P. t. Loaʻa ka pectoralis ma ʻApelika Komohana.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻāla a me ka ʻaukā hau Aferika

Noho hoʻokahi wale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻkanika o ʻApika.

Hōʻikeʻike pinepine nā lele āpau o nā kāne. Hana lākou i nā holo lele i ka neʻe lohi ʻana me nā ʻēheu ākea ākea, a laila hoʻokō i kahi puʻupuʻu iho i lalo iho. Inā hele kokoke kahi wahine, hiki i ke kāne ke iho i lalo iā ia. I ka wā o ke kino kūlohelohe o ka maka, ke ʻulaʻula nui ke kāne, a laila huli koke i ka melemele. Pela nō ka loli ʻana o ka ʻili no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manu ʻelua ma kahi o ka pū.

ʻAmelika ʻuhika ʻApelika mea ʻai

ʻO ka papaʻaina o nā ʻōpū ʻanipiki o ʻAmelika i hoʻololi like ʻole i ka māhele o ka wahi noho. I loko o West Africa, e hoʻopau lākou i kahi helu liʻiliʻi, nā momi liʻiliʻi (rodents), nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā iniseti. Ma ka Hikina Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, nā manu, kā lākou hua, e hana i ke kumu kumu o ka hānai ʻana i nā mea ʻoki manu. Eia kekahi, hoʻopau lākou i ka mammals, ʻōpala, cavernicoles, lizards, amphibians, iʻa, hopu i nā holoholona o nā holoholona a lākou e hele mai ai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.

I loko o West Africa, kahi o ka lawaiʻa o ka ʻāpana āhiki o ʻAmelika hiki i ka 140 a 150 hekahi. Hoʻohana ka mea manu huluhulu i nā ʻano ʻoki like ʻole ma muli o ka māhele pio. Hiki iā ia ke lūlū iki a hoʻopuni me nā ʻēheu ākea ākea, e ʻimi ana i kahi kahe a mālama paha i kēlā mau wahi e loaʻa ai ka waiwai. Ke nānā nei lākou i nā kumulāʻau, nā pōhaku a me nā wō o nā hale, nā mea hoʻoulu ʻia i nā kolamu o nā alanaka. A ma lalo iho nei, e nānā pono ana nā ʻōkole ʻenemi o Aferika i nā kihi liʻiliʻi loa o ka ulu lāʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā ʻōpua lāʻau, me ko lākou mau ʻēheu no ke kākoʻo.

He ʻano kūpono nui kēia mau manu manu no ka hopu manu ʻana:

• he poo liilii e hiki ai ke pani i ka wahai,
• paa a, kahaha ka mea, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā manu a i ʻole nā ​​mea liʻiliʻi a huki i nā pā.

ʻOiai ʻo ia ka momona koʻikoʻi, ua hōʻike ka hawewe a ka ʻāpanaʻuhani i ka dexterity kupaianaha, a hiki ke hoʻopili i ka pūlei o ka tisserin e paʻa ana i kona poʻo.

ʻAkipala ʻAkelika ʻApana - he mea e pīhoihoi nui loa

Ke kūlana ʻona o ka Hikina Hae o Hawk

Ka huina o ka huina o ka mahina o ka mahina o ʻAmelika mai kahi 100,000 a i 1 miliona mau kānaka, ua pālahalaha ma luna o kahi o 10 miliona mau kilomita square. He loli ka ʻāpana hāhā ʻana, ma muli o ka wahi. Ma Ke Komohana o Āpika Hema, ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia ʻano manu manuahi, akā ma East Africa a me ka wahi i kumu lāʻau paʻa o ke kumu o ka ʻōlelo, ua loaʻa paha kekahi o nā ʻano līlō.

ʻAʻoleʻike ka hawewe mahina o ʻAmelika i nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻenemi maoli i ka lewa a hiki iā ia ke maʻalahi me ka hiki ke komo ma loko o ka kahi i loko ʻole. No kēia kumu, ua helu ʻia ʻo ka ʻae ʻo ka mahina ʻānela o Aferika i nā ʻano ʻano he ʻano maʻamau ʻole kona ʻano.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

(Polyboroides radiatus)

Hoʻopau o Madagascar. Noho ia i kekahi mau wahi noho: mai subtropical a me ʻeleʻele kai ʻike i nā wahi wao i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau kūala.

ʻO ka loa o ke kino he 57–68 cm, mau hani ʻākau 116–132 cm.ʻihi i waho like me ka ʻula o ka ʻulena o Aferika, akā ʻāpana iki ke waihoʻoluʻu.

ʻO ka laulima ka laulā nui: mai nā iniseti (nā kime, nā huahelu, nā ʻenekele) i nā vertebrates (nā manu ʻōpio, kā lākou hua a me nā moa, nā reptiles, nā bako, nā mammous liʻiliʻi). Hiki i ka ʻai i nā lemurs, nui loa a lākou mau puhē, akā ua loaʻa i nā ʻāpana o nā pākeke i ka pūnana o ka ʻae. ʻImi ʻo ia i ka ʻai i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, ke neʻe ʻoi i ka wāwae lōʻihi ma ka mau lāʻau a me nā lālā, i kekahi manawa e lohi iki a hopu wale i ka waiwai mai ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka ʻāina, a hiki nō hoʻi ke neʻe i ka honua ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai.

Kūkulu ʻia kahi pālei mai nā lālā maloʻo ma kahi ulu nui i kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Aia pili i nā lā he 1-2 hua me nā kiʻi brown. Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation ma kahi o 39 lā, e waiho nā pua i ka nūhou no 50 lā.