ʻO ka Squirrel kekahi holoholona momona fluffy, kahi kūlana maikaʻi i ka moʻolelo fairy a me nā puke a nā keiki. Akā ʻo kēia aloha-aloha aloha i ka holoholona hihiu mua he wahi ʻeleʻele hoʻi ...
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpana i nā rodents o ka ʻohana baʻi. E like me ka hapa nui o ka rodents, kēia mau holoholona he mea kanu. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā koʻi āpau e makemake i ka ʻahaʻaina i nā huaʻai a me nā hua o nā conifers. Akā i kekahi manawa e lilo kēia mau holoholona fluffy maikaʻi i loko o nā mea e hoʻowalewale neʻe a hiki i ka poʻe scaveng ...
ʻO ka mea hoʻoiho poʻo
ʻAʻole nā Zoologist a me nā mea kūlohelohe maoli e hoʻopunipuni: mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa a me nā holoholona hihiu a ʻai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā mea ʻai i ka holoholona fluffy ke liʻiliʻi i nā rodents, nā manu me nā moa, reptile.
ʻOi aku ma mua o nā manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i loaʻa ai i ka spirrow kahi puaʻa iʻa, a i ʻole, e like me ka lālani maoli, hopu ʻia i nā kiʻo kahua. I kekahi manawa ua lilo nā mea make nui i mau mea hoʻopuʻi! Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻai ka holoholona i ke kupapaʻu holoʻokoʻa, akā maikaʻi wale nō ka lolo. E like me ka zombie.
He aha ka mea e hoʻokae ai i kahi limima e huki ai? E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i kahi kanaka mea kanu. Hāʻawi iā ia iā ia iho i ka hoʻohiki e ʻai i ka asparagus a me nā kāpeti wale nō. Akā mai ka manawa o ka manawa, pono ke kino i kekahi mau huaora a me nā minela i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā meaʻai kanu. A laila ke hoʻopau nei ka mea kanu pīhoihoi i kahi lāʻau kao makemake ʻia mai nā pahu o ka pahu hau :)
ʻO ka hana like me ka squirrel. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā kīnā kūpono mai nā huahana lāʻau. A i ʻole ma ka pā mua i ka wā mua, ke maloʻo nā ʻōpala kahiko, ʻaʻohe mea wale nō e ʻai ai. A laila ua lilo ʻia ka rodent e lilo i mea ʻai ʻai.
E nānā me ka hoʻowahāwahā me ka akahele, e nānā i ka mea hoʻokani pāʻani i loko o kahi pā o ke kūlanakauhale? ʻAʻole wikiwiki wau e hōʻoluʻolu i ka hapa nui :) ʻO nā manu, nā ʻiole a me nā mea nui a pau na kahe i lilo ʻole ai i mau mea ʻaihue i ka gluttony squirrel.
Hoʻopau ke Squirrel i nā hoʻokūkū
ʻO kekahi manawa, pepehi kekahi kanaka i kekahi holoholona, akā ʻaʻole no kaʻai ʻana, akā e hoʻopau i ka mea hoʻokūkū no nā waiwai meaʻai. E like me ka liona e luku ai i nā hyena, he ʻīlio o nā alopeke a i ʻole kahi orca o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, no laila, e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ana ke koi a nā mea hoʻokūkū: nā manu, nā ʻalā a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona, ʻike nui ka hanana ma Tanzania. Ua hōʻike kekahi zoologist kūloko i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma nā ʻēheu lele o Valberg. Ua pepehi ʻia ka holoholona i ka mea i he mau manawa, a laila kuʻu i ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻouka ʻia ka hakakā ʻana i nā hua a nā holoholona i like ʻole ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ke kumu o ka hōʻemi i ka protein e pili ai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka pale o kona wahi. Hoʻopilikia ka rodent i ka malihini a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole helu i kona ikaika. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe paha o ka hoʻonāukiuki - ʻo ka makuahine kihi ke pale i kāna hua.
ʻAi ʻia ke kumulāʻau
I ka wā mua, i ka wā i ʻai ʻia ai nā lako kahiko, a no nā kumu ʻike ʻole ʻole o ka ʻai hou, a liʻiliʻi iki paha, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka protein i ka scavenger. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i ke koena o nā holoholona ʻaʻole i ola ʻole i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole i lilo ai i ka poʻe hopohopo. Ma kahi hana like, ma ke ala, loaʻa nā hares. ʻO nā poʻe kapakaka kekahi e pāʻina mau i ka kalima.
A ʻōpiopio nā ʻōpio i nā pepeiaohao o nā ekale a me nā elk. A hana lākou iā lākou a puni ka makahiki, ʻaʻole ma ka pūnāwai wale nō. He kumu kumu nui nā hua lāʻau no lākou.
Kāleka
ʻO kēia holoholona ʻoi aku nā mea pīpī ma ke ʻano, he liʻiliʻi, me kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi. Ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke poʻokela Persian ma mua o ka mea maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku kona pelu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino he 20-25.5 cm, ʻo kona ʻōʻī he 13-117 cm, e kaupaona ana ʻo ia i ka 332-432 g. He pokole kona mau pepeiao (23-31 mm), ʻaʻohe huʻeke. ʻAno ke kala a nani ke kala. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka umauma he brownish-hina, chestnut-brown fur ma nā ʻaoʻao, kahi pelalapa-brown a ʻāpana kālā-hina paha e ʻike ʻia ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻIke a me ka umauma - mai ke aniani māmā a hiki i ke keʻokeʻo. Hōʻulu ʻia mai ka peʻe a ʻōlelo i ka brown. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke kala i ke kala ʻana, lilo iʻeleʻele wale i ke kua a pale i ka ʻōpū. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka papa ʻaina Peresia ʻelua i ka makahiki: i ka hopena o Malaki - ʻApelila a mai ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa.
Ka ʻāpana a me nā Kuhi
ʻO ka wahī Persian Peresia - i ka hopena ma ka Wū Middle East a me ka Caucasus isthmus. Noho ia ma Transcaucasia, Asia Minor a me Western Asia a me Iran hoʻi, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Lesbos a me Gokcheada (ke kai Aegean). Ma muli o ka hana kolohe a me ka desiccation o ke aniau, ua hōʻiliʻili kona ʻano i ka manawa o ka mōʻaukala i ʻehā mau kānaka i pili ʻole ʻia e like me kekahi:
- S. a. anomalus - Transcaucasia (Abkhazia, Keokia, ka ʻākau o Armenia a me Azerbaijan) a me ke'ākau ʻākau o Turkey,
- S. a. ʻĀwalu - Na mokupuni o Tureke, Suria, Israel, Lebanona a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o Ioredane,
- S. a. persicus - Na Kurdistan Range (ʻĀpana kūkulu ʻākau a me nā ʻaoʻao o Iran),
- S. a. fulvus - ke komohana hema o Iran ma ke Gul e Persian (Shiraz).
Makemake e ʻike i nā mea āpau
He loiloi ka marten i ka ʻohana nui o ka marten, he mea koʻo i ka manu a me ka nīnika, ka mea hiki ke lanakila i nā pahulupulu a hiki i ka hopu ʻana, piʻi i ke kuahiwi a piʻi i nā ʻeke lāʻau. kaomi wana i ka melemele.
E ʻike hou kākou e pili ana i kēia holoholona hulu manu hulu ...
Kiʻi 2.
ʻO ka marten he holoholona me ka hulu mānoʻo a maloʻo hiki ke waiho i ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā ʻano brown (ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, chestnut, brownish melemele). Ma ka ʻāʻī, loaʻa ka marten i kahi ʻāpana o ke kala melemele, hoʻopuni like. ʻEkole nā ʻelele lima, lima ʻelima. Loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu ma nā manamana lima. ʻAkuhi nā puʻe. ʻO nā pōkole o ka pōkole, ka liʻiliʻi, ka pālahalaha ʻulaʻula ma ke kihi. Kūpī ka kino, squat, liʻihiʻu (mai 45 cm a 58 cm). ʻO ka huelo ke fluffy lōʻihi, lōʻihi a hiki i ka hapalua o ke kino o ka marten (mai 16 cm a 28 cm ka lōʻihi). Ke kaumaha kino - mai 800 g a 1.8 kg. ʻO ka wahine ma ka awelika 30 pakeneka ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻuluʻulu ka lei ʻana me ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo ma ke kauwela.
Kiʻi Manaʻi.
Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, nui nā ʻano moʻomeheu, kahi e noho ai kēlā me kēia ma nā wahi āpana a me nā climatic zone, pālahalaha paʻa i loko o kā lākou mau home.
- Martes americana - i komo pū ka American marten i loko o ke ʻano o nā holoholona laka; e like me ka marten, ka mea hihiu pō.
- Noho ʻo Martes pennanti - ka inoa ʻo ilka i nā kumulāʻau he mau lehelehe, makemake ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā māla ulu lāʻau.
- ʻO Martes foina ka hale o ka marten i noho ma ka wahi nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e lawelawe ana no ka hana ʻana i ka hulu.
- ʻO Martes martes - ka pine marten he mea maʻamau loa i ʻEulopa a me Eurasia, kahi kumu no ka loaʻa o ka hulu kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Martes gwatkinsii - He holoholona kūikawā ʻo Nilgirian marten e noho ana ma nā ʻāpana hema.
- ʻO Martes zibellina - ʻo sable kahi mea hopu lōʻihi i kekahi manawa; i kekahi manawa kekahi ʻano fibrrous i kapa ʻia ʻo kidus (a mix of marten and sable).
- ʻO Martes flavigula ka lilo ʻana o harza i ka māhele o ka poʻe noho ma Asia, ke noho nei ma nā wahi he nui i laila.
- ʻO Martes melampus - Iāpana marten ke kumu o ka hulu i ka ʻāina o nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana.
Kiʻi 4.
ʻIke ʻia ka marten ʻAmelika a puni nā ʻāina ʻAmelika.
Noho ʻo Ilka i kahi niche ma nā ululāʻau ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e hui ana mai nā Appalachians (West Virginia) a hiki i Sierra Nevada (Kaleponi).
Kiʻi 12.
Ilka - ka luna nui o marten
Puni ka pine marten i nā ʻāpana ʻehā ʻē aʻe: hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai Siberia Western a i nā mokupuni Pelekane ma ka ʻākau a mai Elbrus a me Caucasus a hiki i ka Mediterranean i ka hema.
Kiʻi 9.
Noho ka Marten Nilgirian ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o India, e noho ana ma ke komohana ma Ghat a ma ka Nilgiri Upland. ʻO Sable kahi noho ʻana o ka māiga Lūkini, ka mea e noho ana i ka'āina mai ka Moana Pakipika a me nā Urals.
Kiʻi 5.
Kiʻi 6.
Kiʻi 8.
ʻO ka marten melemele i ʻole, a i ʻole harza, makemake i nā ʻāina mahana o ka Hikina Hema a me ʻAsia Hema, akā hiki nō ke loaʻa i Rusia ma loko o ka Far East. ʻAʻole iki ka waiwai o ka hulu o ka Ussuri marten, akā ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau ʻano me ka hoʻopau ʻana. Hoʻopili ka laulā o ka charza ma muli o ka hana kanaka - ke hoʻololi nei ka poʻe i ka ʻano o nā ʻano. ʻO ka kiʻi e Yuri Kotyukov.
Kiʻi 7.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Harza ma ka Penina Korea, ma Kina, Turkey, Iran, i nā kahe Himalayan, i Indochina, Hindustan, ma ka Pae Maluku a me nā Mokupuni Nui. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma Pakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Aia pū kekahi ma ka palena o Rūsia, e noho ana ma nā Khabarovsk a me Primorsky Territory, Sikhote-Alin, ke kīʻaha o nā kahawai Ussuri a me Amurye. I ka wā i noho ai ʻo marten Iapana i 3 mau moku nui o Iapana - Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu. Noho ia ma Tsushima, ma Korea, ma nā mokupuni o Sado a me Hokkaido.
Ma Lūkia, he nui na ʻano maʻamau o nā martens e like me sable, pine marten, pōhaku marten a me charza.
E hānai ana ka pine marten i nā meaʻai holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā manawa pinepine he mau rodents kēia (nā kiole a me nā voles). ʻO kekahi o nā mea iʻa pinepine ai marten i nā lā āpau. Mālama ka marten i nā hares. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo ka hare i ka mea waiwai i ka mea kūʻai. Hopu pu ka mea marten i ke kīʻaha kālā. Kūpono maikaʻi loa kēia no ka mea marten, i ka wā anuanu ke kīlei i loko o nā pahu hau. Ma kēia, e hoʻopakele ʻia nā manu mai nā puʻu koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa, hopu ke marten iā lākou. Hōʻea loa kēia holoholona hihiu. Hana ʻia kēia inā i ka ʻeha loa e ka poʻe makehewa i ka pōloli. ʻO nā manu kaila e noho ana i ka nohona marten, ʻaʻohe hoihoi i ka mea hoʻoiho. Makemake ka marten e ahaʻa i ka ʻōpala, nā pi, nā punu. ʻO nā ʻōpio o kēia mau inisua a me kā lākou meli. E ʻai ka marten i nā mea kanu mea kanu, me nā ʻano hua like ʻole: lingonberry, lehu kuahiwi, viburnum, blueberries, hawthorn, wild rose, ʻehā ʻōpala. I ka nui o nā hua i loko o ka ulu lāʻau a hāʻule ʻole ka huaʻai i ka manawa lōʻihi, eʻai wale nei ka mea marten iā lākou a nānā pinepine iā ia i ka holoholona.
Hoʻopili pololei ke kino o ka marten i kāna mau hana: hiki i kēia holoholona ke neʻe haki a paʻa wale paha (i ka manawa e holo ai.) ʻO ke kino o ka marten e hana e like me ka elastic puna, e hoʻolilo ana i ka mea holo manu ka holo pōkole no ka manawa wale nō i loko o nā kahe o nā wāwae o nā conifers. E makemake nui ka marten e noho i waena o nā ka nahele waena. Piʻi ʻo clely i nā kumulāʻau, clambering a pololei ʻoiʻoki i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā piʻikii maikaʻi loa.
Ke alakaʻi nei ka pine marten i kahi lā maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻimi manu ma ka ʻāina a hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui o nā manawa ma nā lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho ka marten i nā hale i loko o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a hiki i 16 mau kiʻekiʻe a pololei paha i ko lākou lei. ʻAʻole pale wale ka marten i kahi kanaka, akā lurks mai ia mea. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i kahi ola paʻa, me ka ʻole o ka loli ʻana i kona mau wahi punahele punahele, ʻoiai me ka hapa ʻole o ka hānai. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki iā ia ke hele no ka protein o ka hana i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka neʻe o ka hele ʻana ma ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Kiʻi 11.
Ma nā wahi o ka nahele i noho ʻia e nā martens, ʻelua mau wahi pūnaewele i hoʻokaʻawale: nā hele-hele, kahi i loaʻa lākou i kekahi manawa, a me kahi o ka lawaiʻa i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hana nui ai nā martens i ka manawa nui. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, he haku nui ka martens i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kā lākou kula, kahi e noho nei no nā manawa lōʻihi i nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, he nui loa kēia mau ʻāina i ka nele o ka ʻai, a me ka marten he mau momona momona mau ala. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka kipa lākou i nā wahi e like me nā wahi a me nā wahi hānai, kahi hōʻailona iā lākou me ka urine.
Kiʻi 13.
ʻO Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Kiʻi 14.
ʻO Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Kiʻi 15.
ʻO Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Kiʻi 16.
Me kona ala e ola ai, pili ka marten me ka ululāʻau. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina ulu nui kahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau like ʻole, akā makemake ʻo ia e hoʻoulu a me nā kumu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu koniferous. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, he spruce-fir, ma ka hema - spruce-deciduous, ma Caucasus māhele - fir-beech forest.
No ka ola mau loa, koho ke marten i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā ululāʻau nui me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻāina lāʻau kahiko, nā mea i hui ʻia me nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpiopio, me nā kihi lōʻihi, a me nā wahi nahele me nā māhuahua. Akā hiki iā ia ke noho ma nā ʻāina ākea, ma nā kuahiwi mauna, kahi e ʻike ai i nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai. ʻAʻohe o kekahi mau ʻano marten i pale ʻole i nā ʻehā pōhaku, placers. Kūleʻa nā noho o nā kānaka e noho mamao aku, a komo i nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā māla. ʻO ka mea wale nō ka mea marten pōhaku, pinepine ka noho ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale.
Kiʻi 17.
ʻO nā holoholona he mau manu ākea nā holoholona, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka mea ʻai nui i nā mammals liʻiliʻi (e like me, no ka laʻana, nā kiʻina a me nā koena liʻiliʻi), nā manu, a me kā lākou hua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka mea makemake lākou i nā kahe, ʻoiai he kumuhana o ka hiʻona, kiki nā palahalaha e hala i muli o kā lākou nui. Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā martens a me nā kālai, nā pepeke, snails, palaka, reptiles. I ka hāʻule, e ʻai koke i nā martens, nā hua ʻai a me nā hua. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka wā lulu a pau, waiho nā martens i ka meaʻai i mālama ʻia, he mea pono iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
Kiʻi 18.
He ʻokiʻi ʻia ka pōhaku marten a i ʻole kahi kohola keʻokeʻo (lōʻihi o ke kino 46 sentimika, ʻili 24 cm.) ʻOi aku kona mau wāwae, ua liʻiliʻi kona mau pepeiao, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā marten maʻamau. ʻO ka holoholona i kahi poʻo elongated me kahi muzzle pōkole. ʻO ka kala o ke kaiāulu he hina hina-ʻulaʻula me kahi undercoat keʻokeʻo a he wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma ma kahi o ka pine marten a kahi wahi ʻāpana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka maka waho o ka niho carnivorous ma mua o ka laulā o ka puna o luna, a kahi bilobate externally.
Ua loaʻa i ka marten Stone ma waena oʻEulopa, Italia ma waho aʻe o Sardinia, ma ʻEnelani, Suena a ma ʻĀsia Komohana (a ʻoi aku hoʻi i Palestine, Syria a me Asia Minor) no ia, ʻike pū kekahi ma Afghanistan a me nā Himalaya (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1600 mika ma luna o ke kai). Ma Lūkia, e noho ana ka holoholona ma Central Russia, i Siberia. Loaʻa ka marten ma ka Caucasus.
Hoʻokipa ʻia kekahi holoholona ma kahi e noho ai nā kānaka ma nā puʻu, nā hale kahiko, nā hale kanu a me nā hale kanu. Piʻi ka marten maikaʻi loa a hana ʻino i nā moa a me kā lākou hua. E like me nā marten ʻē aʻe, e pepehi pinepine ʻo ia i nā holoholona iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kāna mea ʻai.
Kiʻi 20.
Holo ʻia ka pōhaku marten ma ke ʻākau o Rūsia a ma Siberia me kahi ʻīlio kekahi, i kaʻi ʻana i kahi ala marten i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoiho ʻo ia me ka hāmaki mua i ka lepo, a laila, lele ka holoholona i kahi lāʻau, nānā ke ʻīlio i kāna mau neʻe. ʻO ka ʻenehana, e hoʻokokoke ana i ka "ʻīlio hakakā i kahi" i kū ai ka marten, kuʻi iā ia, akā inā huna ma ka ʻōpū, ʻoki ia i ka lāʻau a lawe i ka holoholona i waho o kahi hollow. Pene ka marten, pakele mai ka hahai ʻana, piʻi i luna i ka puʻu o ka makani a uhi ʻia, uhi ʻia ʻo ka hau, a laila e kāʻalo ʻia kēia wahi i ka luʻu a uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i loko me kāna ʻupena, kahi i hāʻule ai ka marten. Ma Siberia, hopu ʻia nā martens e nā mauhe a me kahi pahele kūikawā - ka waha, ka mea e paʻa ai ka pou e hāʻule ana ma luna o ka holoholona i ka manawa e holo ana, ʻā ana ma lalo o ka pahele, ka pā ʻana aku i ka sim i puka aku ai (he kaula manawaleʻa, maʻamau i hana ʻia e ka hōʻa manu keʻokeʻo). Ua kau ʻia nā waha ma nā ala marten.
I kekahi manawa ke hōʻike ʻia nā martens i loko o kahi pahele e ka ʻai ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka waiwai i loko o ke ʻano o kahi māka pōpoki a i ʻole manu ʻae. Kūkulu ʻia ʻo ka lawaiʻa Kuniy ma ka moku Kuban, kahi e hana ai nā ʻohana kuahiwi: Karachais, Kabardins, a pēlā pū ʻo Abazins. No ka lawaiʻa, haʻalele ka poʻe mauna i ka home i ʻOkakopa a Novemaba paha, ʻoiai ke lana ʻole ka hoʻoilo hohonu me ka neʻe o ka convoy. I ka hiki ʻana mai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā hui o 4 a 6 mau kānaka a ʻimi a hiki i ka hopena o Pepeluali a i ʻole Malaki. ʻO nā maile i hoʻohana ʻia he maʻamau i ke ʻano o kahi papa, kahi ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi pu i waiho ʻia i kahi pahu lāʻau. Hoʻomo ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe i nā kiʻī i alakaʻi ʻia i ka lepo. Ma ka papa hoʻokahi, ua kau ʻia ka maunu (ʻai manu) ma ka papa, a make ka marten mai ka hopena o kekahi papa, e hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi kihi i ka mea mua, ma ka pūpū like. Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mauʻu ma lalo o ka papa, a kuʻi ʻia ka marten e kahi ʻūhā koʻikoʻi, i hāhai ʻia i nā pahu like kahi e kau ai ka papa.
Kiʻi 21.
ʻO kahi papa o nā mea kiaʻi 20-40 i ka wā hoʻoilo e hoʻoiho i 500 a keu paha mau martens. Ke kāohi nei i ka marten ma Caucasus e lawe ʻia ana me ke kōkua o nā heka. E hoʻomoʻa i ka momona a kanu i ka lepo. Ka ʻomi maloʻo, kuʻi ka martens i ka lepo a hāʻule i loko o nā pahele me ko lākou poʻo a i ʻole wāwae.Ma kahi o nā wahi e noho ai no ka maunu o nā mākeke, hoʻohui i nā hua hou. I mea e pōmaikaʻi ai ka marten, pono ʻoe e hele me ka ʻīlio hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ski i ka nahele i ka hoʻoilo a mākaukau e moe i ka pō ma ka ulu lāʻau. Hiki i nā Marten ke huakaʻi i nā lāʻau no nā kilomita he nui, no laila pono e lilo ka mea maʻi. Hiki i nā mea lawaiʻa loiloi ma ke alualu ma ka hau ke aʻo i nā mea e pili ana i ka nui a me ke kahua o ka marten.
Kiʻi 22.
Kiʻi 23.
Kiʻi 24.
Kiʻi 25.
Kiʻi 26.
Ke noho maʻamau
Noho ia ma ka ʻoka ʻo nā mauna i kona palena kiʻekiʻe. Noho ana nā lāʻau oak-beech, walnut a me nā kumulāʻau ulu. Loaʻa pinepine i nā māla. Hōʻalo i nā ululāʻau subalpine me nā uhi nui, nā uhi make, nā lāʻau beech bea kiʻekiʻe. I nā makahiki o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hua, hiki i ka mea nui ke kulu ʻia i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, mai kahi palaki Peresia e hoʻololi i kāna mea hoʻokūkū - kahi ke'ōne mākaukau maʻamau, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka Caucasus i nā makahiki 30-50 o ke kenekulia XX. Ma nā ululāʻau hoʻopunipuni, palupalu ka hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai ke makemake nei nā baimana maʻamau e noho i loko o nā ululāʻau koniferous.
Noho hoʻokahi wale nā poʻokela Persian a hoʻokahi i nā wā ʻelua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā o ke ao, nā kihi o nā hana i ke kakahiaka nui a me nā hola ahiahi. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kona leo, e like me ka kala-cheat-cheat-cheat. ʻO ke ala e ola ai ka mea he nui, ʻoiai naʻe ka nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o nā squirrels) e iho ana i lalo i ka honua. Ke lele nei mai ka lālā a ka lālā, lele ka 3-5 mika i ka lōʻihi. I ka pōʻino, ua hūnā ʻia ʻo ia i ka lei o kahi lāʻau a manuahi ʻole, e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻala. Hōʻalo maikaʻi, akā hele mālie i ka wai. Ka mea ʻike ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā neʻe nui; pili ka hoʻonaninani ma ke ʻano - ʻoiai ua ʻala nā huaʻala a me nā hua, piʻi aʻe nā protein i ka ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole lākou e hāʻule i ka hibernation.
Hipa ʻia nā poli a Persian e nā martens lāʻau a me nā pōhaku martins, nā hale hou hou i luku ʻia i ka nui o ka make. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻole ke kāpena Persian Persian i kahi paʻa ma ke wā ʻōpiopio.
Nā Nests
Aia nā noho i nā hollows i kahi 5-14 m ma luna o ka lepo a i ʻole ma ka lepo, i loko o nā aʻa maloʻo. ʻO Guyna mai nā lālā pua a me nā lau ʻaʻole makana. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā elms, lindens, maples a me nā oaks, e koho ana i nā kumulāʻau i kahi o ka pohō. The lining o ka sayang i loko o ka hakahaka koʻalepona ʻekolu-kaila: ka mua, ka papa waho o loko o ka lepo maloʻo ka lua, ʻo ka lua - mai i nā lau hina, ke kolu, ka loko - mai nā lau āpau a me ka moss.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā hua lāʻau, nā huaʻai, nā kumulāʻau, nā huahele, nā hua, nā huaʻai, nā hua lihi, nā kūwī a me nā pua o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. I loko o Caucasus, makemake nui i nā walnuts a me nā hazel. I Lebanona a me ʻIseraʻela, ʻoi loa ia i nā hua kedera, nā lāʻau paina a me nā acorn. No ka mea hānai i ka protein e hiki ke ʻai a hiki i 30 g o nā ʻōpala nati. Hoʻohana pinepine ka ʻai holoholona (invertebrates, hua o nā manu, ʻeli).
I ka meaʻai, mālama ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ke ʻano. Mai ka ngahulāi a ka pūnāwai, ʻo ke kumu o kaʻai ʻana he hua lāʻau. ʻO ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana o nā mākele mau me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka meaʻai o ka holoholona. No ka hoʻoilo, hana ke kaha i nā lāʻau i nā ʻalā, nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻanuʻu, nā peʻa, e hūnā ana iā lākou ma nā hale liʻiliʻi, ka pinepine i loko o nā hāmeʻa loiloi o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, a hoʻohana nō hoʻi i nā mea āpau i kāna mau lāʻau.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO ka biology o kāna hana hānai ʻia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka protein maʻamau. Ma Transcaucasia, ua hānai nā koa squirrel o Persian i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ʻekolu mau kaukani: i ka hopena o Ianuali - i ka hoʻomaka o Pepeluali, i ka hopena o ʻApelila a mai waena o Iulai a i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Litter i ka makahiki 2, i kekahi mau wahine - 3. Pregnancy a hiki i 30 lā, ma ka litter 2-4 kuʻi, pani pani. Pōʻalima ka lōʻihi a hiki i nā hebedoma 6. Hiki i nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio i ka wā kahiko i ka makahiki o 5-6 mau mahina.
Ke kūlana ʻona a me ka nui
He haʻahaʻa loa ka helu o nā wahihaki Peresia a loaʻa i nā ʻano nui o ke ʻano o ka biotope. He mea maʻamau loa i nā nahele ulu, waiwai i nā hollows, a i nā ʻanuʻu walnut. Ma Georgia, ma muli o ka hoʻolauna o ka squirrel maʻamau, kahi i kāwili ai i ka mākeke Peresia mai nā lāʻau i palu ʻia, ka helu a me ka huina e hōʻemi ʻia ma 20%. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa o kona kaʻi ʻana i nā hōʻemi o ka nahele e nā kānaka, ke alakaʻi i ka nalo ʻana o kona wahi kūlohelohe a me ka haki ʻana o ka pilina i loko o kahi kaila subpopulations.
ʻAʻohe waiwai kalepa ʻo Persian no ka mea ʻokoʻa a me ke kua ʻana o ka hulu. Hana ia kekahi mea e pōʻino ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā walnuts.
He aha ka kala i ka huluhulu i ke kauwela?
I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, ʻokoʻa kēia mau holoholona. ʻElua mau makahiki i ko lākou mau lula, ma ke poʻo, ka ʻoki a me nā wāwae, akā ʻoi ka maka o ka ʻili.
ʻO ka pūkole i ke kauwela e kāʻei i kahi kapaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ia nā kānaka i ʻulaʻula i ka hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i kēia ulu lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke baipu i ke kauwela i ke kiʻi. I Kelemania hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā nani i kahi kapa hulu uliuli. ʻAno keʻokeʻo mau ka tummy.
Mea Hoʻomaopopo. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei kēia holoholona a ʻike koke i nā poʻe.
Pihoihoi ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me ka wikiwiki uila a lele i kekahi lālā i kekahi, aʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o lākou ma waena. ʻO kāna mau mea kōkua i loko o kēia mau'āpana paʻi ma kona mau manamana lima a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, kahi huelo maikaʻi, ka mea e pono ai no ka nani wale nō, akā no ka lele.
Mea Hoʻomaopopo. Pali i ka piko o kahi kumulāʻau, neʻe ka ʻaha hope i ke kuapo, ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kēia?
ʻAno hānau
I ka manawa mahana, e hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e pua. Ke koho wale nei lākou i ka pona no nā lā lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona.
He mea kupaianaha kēia mau holoholona i prolific a hiki ke lawe mai i ʻekolu litters i hoʻokahi manawa. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e:
- wahine ole
- lahui kānaka
- ka nui o nā meaʻai i loaʻa i ka wahi.
I ka wā rut, e pili ana iā 36 kāne e ʻākoakoa a puni wahine. ʻO lākou nā mea hoʻokūkū ma waena o lākou a hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi kekahi me kekahi. Hiki ke hōʻike i kēia i ke ʻano o ka rumbling, chases, fights. I ka loaʻa wale ʻana o nā mea lanakila, hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomau.
No ka ʻōpio, kūkulu ka makuahine i ka ʻokoʻa i kahi wahā kaawale. Nui ka nui a pololei i ke kaulike ma mua o nā nests maʻamau o kēia mau holoholona.
ʻIke maoli nō. Kūkulu ka makuahine i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pūnana no kāna mau keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO kēia ke pale aku i nā hīmeni. Ma ka hihia pōʻino, e neʻe ka makuahine i kāna mau keiki mai ka pili ʻana, kahi e pilikia ana lākou ma kahi maluhia.
Hānau nā pēpē pēpē e pili ana i 35-38 mau lā, a ʻo nā pēpē i loko o kahi lōpeka a hiki ke lilo i hoʻokahi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai lākou?
ʻO ke ola no kēia mau holoholona he 12 mau makahiki, ʻaʻohe hou, a i kēia manawa ke mālama ʻia nei i ka noho pio ʻana. Ke noho nei i ka holoholona hihiu, hiki i kahi nani fluffy ke ola e ola hou aku ma mua o 4 mau makahiki, he mau mea lōʻihi kēia.
ʻO nā holoholona e like me marten, owl, nā alopeke a me nā pōpilikia hoʻi e hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau holoholona hihiu. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, hiki i ka palaka ke make mai ka nele o ka meaʻai, a me ka puʻuku, nā kolo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea lawe i nā maʻi like ʻole, e pili ana i ka rabies, e lawe mai nō hoʻi i ka make. Ma muli o nā maʻi o kēia mau holoholona, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka manaʻolana.