ʻO Myxins, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hōʻea ka ulu o ka hapalua mika. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pālapa nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 127 cm. He kino koikoi, he kī ʻole kona ʻōpū. Hoʻokomo ka waha a me kahi hālei hoʻokahi e ulu ai nā 6-8 antennae (hilinaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano). ʻAʻole like me ka maxillary (wehe ʻia ka waha), e hana pono ana ka waha o ka mixin. Hoʻokomo ka antennae ma ka muzzle i kahi hana hoʻoikaika, ʻoiai ka maka o nā holoholona, akā naʻe ke nui ʻia me ka ʻili. No ka hoʻopihapiha no ka nele o ka hihiʻo, loaʻa i ka myxin i nā sela photosensitive e pili ana i ke poʻo a kokoke i ka cloaca.
ʻO nā mixins ka mea i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i ka moana. ʻO ka mana kiʻi a me nā wikiō
Hoʻopili mau ke kino o ka mixin i ka mucus, me ke kōkua o ia e hiki ke komo i loko o nā wahi e hiki ʻole ai i ke kai, a i loko o ke kino o ka iʻa decomposed. Ma ka huakaʻi, ua loaʻa he 100 pores e puka ai i ka mucus e hoʻopuni a puni ka ʻāpana kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻike ʻia kēia mau pali mucous i nā ʻano Atlantik o nā myxines. Loaʻa ka hapa keratin a lomi, he mea e hāʻawi ana i ka wahie paʻa, ʻaʻole holoi ʻia e ka wai.
Me ke ala, ʻaʻole kōkua kēia lemus i ka holo ʻana o ka holoholona i loko o ka iʻa decomppos, akā e pale pū ʻia, hoʻopiha me ka pūnohu hoʻokahi a me ka waha. No ka hoʻokō i kēia mea, pili ka holoholona i kahi puʻupuʻu, e holo mai ana mai loko mai o ia mea e wehe ai i kahi manamana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia wale nō ka holoholona hihiu ʻike i aʻo i ka huki, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka nostril.
ʻO nā mixins ka mea i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i ka moana. ʻO ka mana kiʻi a me nā wikiō
Ua loaʻa iā 4 ka naʻau o Mexico. ʻO ka mea nui kekahi o lākou. Ke hele nei ka ʻōnaehana uila i ka puʻuwai āpau, no laila ʻo ka nele o kekahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka make he "wikiwiki". Aia nā hihia i hoʻomau ai ʻo ka mexin decapitated eʻauʻau hou aku ma mua o 5 mau hola. Hoʻohui iki, maikaʻi ka holoholona i kahi manawa lōʻihi ʻole ka meaʻai a hiki ke noho i nā kūlana weliweli.
ʻAno hānau
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka mexin. Aia kekahi mau mea, e hōʻuluʻulu i nā hui spawning i kahi o ka moekolohe wahine i 100: 1 e aloha ai i nā wahine. ʻO nā kāne ʻē aʻe nā kāne kāne a me nā wahine wahine, e hana ana iā lākou i ka hermaphrodites.
Holo nā wahine i ka 1 a 30 mau hua. ʻAʻohe ʻano laulima, ʻaʻole i like me nā lampreys e like me Mexin. ʻO nā ʻōiwi e ulu koke nei e nānā like ʻole nā pākeke. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi koho ʻana iā lākou iho kā lākou male, e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o ka paʻi, ka mea e hiki iā lākou ke helu a hiki i ka 15 tausani mau poʻe.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻolilo nā mixins i ka hapanui o ko lākou ola ma lalo, keʻakeʻa i ka pālolo, pālolo, a i ʻole. Ua ʻoki ka holoholona i luna, e kū ana i ke kūlana kūpono. Ma ka ʻeke hohonu i loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻōpala a me ke kākā i kā lākou ʻai nui. Hoʻokomo nā myxins i nā kino o nā iʻa make ma ka waha a i ʻole nā hōʻiliʻili. Ke komo nei i ke kino, hoʻowalewale ka ʻili holoholona i nā ʻiʻo mai nā iwi. ʻAʻole hopohopo hoʻi i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kahi iʻa a ʻaluhi, e piʻi ana i loko o kāna mau insides ma ke ala like loa ma ke kino make.
ʻO nā mixins ka mea i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i ka moana. ʻO ka mana kiʻi a me nā wikiō
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Miksin e kekahi ʻai i loaʻa, no laila e hoʻomalu ʻia i ka iʻa maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe. Ua ʻike nā lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻupena i nā wahi i makemake ʻia e nā mixins, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i kahi mauʻaʻae ʻia, no ka mea, ua lele ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia manawa. Manaʻo ʻia he kula o ka iʻa ʻona a hiki i kahi ʻumi tausani mau kānaka, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa ma mua o ka manaʻo e waiho wale nā mea i hui ʻia.
ʻO ka pilina me ke kāne
ʻO ka nānā ʻia ʻana o nā myxins a me ko lākou ala e ʻai ai, ʻaʻohe ʻano lawaiʻa a lele ma luna. Eia kekahi, ma nā wahi o lalo etching, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi iʻa o ke kanaka ʻūlio. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mixin holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻili kino, hana i ka mea kaulana "ka ʻaila ʻili"." ʻO ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi e hana mau ai ka lawaiʻa kūʻai kalepa o nā mixins.
I kekahi mau'āina Āsia, mixin e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka meaʻai. Ma Iapana, Taiwan a pēlā hoʻi i South Korea, ua mākaukau nā kīpī palaoa mai laila.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina o kēia wā i ka mucus he ʻano pānaa kū hoʻokahi. He ʻokoʻa kona ʻano e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke ala ikaika loa no ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke koko.
I Korea, ua kūʻai ʻia ka mixin me ka iʻa iʻa ola.
Miksina - iʻa nui a iʻa paha?
ʻAʻole ʻo nā mea āpau ma ka lewa i kapa ʻia "ka mea hoʻopailua." Invertebrate like ʻaʻala mau nā inoa inoa ʻole ʻē aʻe: "eel-slug", "worm kai" a me "kaʻa wīwī". E hoʻākoakoa mākou i ka mea i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka wai i loko.
E nānā ana nā kāwili kiʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e haʻi ʻē aku i ka mea nāna: he ʻoi nui, he ʻuā elongated me ka manu ʻole, a i ʻole he iʻa ʻano manu iʻa. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona holoholona.
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema. Lawe lākou i ka mixin i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻōpū a me ka iʻa. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻole e kapa ʻia nei he vertebrate, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia o ka vertebrae. Aia wale kekahi ʻūhā wale ʻana o kahi ʻihi. Kāleʻa hui ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo, kapa ʻia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo cyclostomes.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā mea hoʻonaninani
He ʻokoʻa a ka holoholona kaila ʻokoʻa. Kālā ʻalaMa ke ʻano he kānāwai, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino 45-70 centimeter. I nā pilikia maʻamau, ulu i lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi palapala o 127 mau kenimika.
ʻO kahi hāleʻa ʻole ʻole kahi wāwae e hoʻonani i ke poʻo. Puni ka waha a me kēia ihu, ulu nā antennae. Ka mea maʻamau, aia he 6-8 o lākou. ʻO kēia mau antennae he organile kūpono no ka holoholona, ʻokoʻa i ka maka, aia i ka myxines ua nui i ka ʻili. ʻAʻole hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā pua i lalo o ka wai i loko o ka wai.
ʻO ka waha o kahi myxin, e like me nā holoholona kaulana loa, e wehe hāleʻaleʻi. Ma ka waha e ʻike ʻoe i 2 mau lālani niho a me kahi niho ʻole i mālama ʻia i ka lewa.
No ka wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema pehea ka hanu ʻana o kaʻu myxin. ^ E Ha yM. A ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ma waena o kekahi nostril hoʻokahi. ʻO ko lākou hanu hanu o nā kumulāʻau, aia nā mea he nui o nā papa o ka cartilaginous.
Ma ke kiʻi ʻo "Witch Fish"
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kala o ka "ʻano moana" i loko o ka hale, i ka hapanui i loko o ke ʻano ka hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mau kala:
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o nā pūpū e hūnā i ka waha. Aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka iʻa "witch." He mea koʻikoʻi nui kēia i nā myxins āpau, e kōkua ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lilo i pio no nā poʻe pōpilikia.
Kekahi ke ʻano huimea hoihoi nō hoʻi. Pōʻalima mau puʻuwai a ʻehā mau puʻuwai noho i lalo. Aia kekahi mau lālā hou aʻe i loko o ke poʻo, ka ʻili a me nā ate o ka "monster moana". Pēlā nō hoʻi e kahe ana ke koko i nā naʻau ʻehā. Inā hāʻule kekahi o lākou, hiki i ka holoholona ke noho mau.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka hana o ka mixin
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, i ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i loli ka mixin. ʻO kāna mau ʻano fossil e weliweli ai i nā kānaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ma mua he mau lula ʻole.
Ma hea e loaʻa ai iaʻu he mixin? Huli ia, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai:
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
- Europa
- Kahukumanu
- Kahiki Kahupaono.
Hiki i kahi lawaiʻa Lūkia ke hālāwai me ia i ke kai Barents. Hoʻolāleʻa Atlantik e noho ana malalo o ke Kai Akau a ma ke komohana Atlantika. Makemake nā poʻe noho o lalo i ka hohonu o 100-500 mika, akā hiki i ka manawa e loaʻa ke hohonu ma kahi o ka kilomita.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kāwili pū kekahi
I ke ao, ua makemake nā kāwili e hiamoe. Me ka hapa lalo o ke kino, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka silt, waiho wale i ka hapa o ke poʻo wale i ka ʻili. I ka pō, hele nā ʻalā wai.
Ma ke kaulike, mea hoʻomaopopo he paʻakikī ke kāhea i kahi kāwele holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka iʻa "ʻenehana" kokoke i ka wā ākea wale nō i ka iʻa a me ka immobilized iʻa. ʻO ka hana lāleʻa, ma luna o ka poʻe i lawe i nā iʻa lawaiʻa a i ʻole ʻupena hīnaʻi.
Inā hiki i ka mea hoʻomalu ke kūleʻa aku, ʻo ka "monster monster" immobilizes ia. Piʻi ma lalo o nā ʻano kālena nūpepa myxin huna. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopau ka hana a nā mea kanu a make ka mea make.
I kēia hihia, hūnā ka holoholona i ka nui o ka mucus. Hiki i kekahi kanaka hoʻokahi i loko o kekona kekona ke hoʻopiha i kahi pōpō piha. Ma ke ala, pololei no ka holoholona hūnā i ka nui lemus, ʻaʻole lākou makemake nui i nā mea hoʻolaha. "Eel-slug" me ka hoʻomakeke lele i waho o nā ʻāʻā o nā holoholona moana.
Hiki i nā mixins ke hoʻopuka i kahi ʻōhū piha o nā lemona i hoʻokahi minuke
ʻAʻole makemake nui ka mixins iā lākou iho i ko lākou mucus, no laila, ma hope o nā hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻalo i ka wa hiki loa ʻia a i lilo ʻia i loko o kahi puʻu. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kānaka i lalo o ka wai me nā mea kaulike.
ʻO kēia manawa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā mea ʻepekema myxin mucus hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo aia he ʻōnaehana ʻano kūʻokoʻa e kōkua ai i ka hoʻōki i ke kahe. Aia paha a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke hoʻolaʻa ia mai ka mucus.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Myxins i nā holoholona chordate, wae ʻia i ka papa o nā myxines, kauoha like myxine, a me ka ʻohana myxine. Ua aʻo nui ʻo Karl Linney i kēia mau holoholona. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia iā lākou ma kahi pā me nā vertebrates. ʻOiai ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ala maikaʻi o ke ola, ke helu ʻia nei lākou he holoholona mua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hopena ʻo ka noiʻi genetic.
Ua hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke loaʻa i nā kūpuna kahiko o nā myxines i nā lā kuʻuna, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohālikelike i ka cartilaginous, e like me nā lampreys, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā pili pili pono o myxins.
Kōkua: Mixina
Ua hiki i nā kānakaʻepekema ke hoʻokumu i nā mixins kahiko i noho mua ma ka honua ma mua o 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Akā, ua nele loa kēia mau kānaka i nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ai i ka pōpilikia, eia naʻe, ua loaʻa nā kino o ka hihiʻo i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i nā holoholona me ka hihiʻo maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala, ua nalowale nā hui o ka ʻike i kā lākou hana maʻamau. ʻO ka papa nui e lilo ai i kuhikuhi e pili ana i ka lewa i ka antennae, e hana ana i ka hana o ka pā.
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā makahiki he ʻekolu i ʻeono haneri o nā makahiki, ʻaʻole i loli nui kēia mau mea. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, inā e loiloi mākou i ke ala āpau o ka evolution of the worm worm, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai, ʻaʻole lākou i loli i ke ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Whakaahua: mixina a iʻa paha
Aia kahi ʻike like ʻole o Mixina. ʻO waho, ua like lākou me nā snails elongated, a i ʻole ʻōiwi. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma ke kino he 40-70 kenimika. I kekahi manawa, ulu lōʻihi nā kānaka.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai: ʻO ka mea paʻa i waena o nā myxines ma ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi mea kū hoʻokahi ia i hele i ka lōʻihi o 127 kenimika.
Aia kahi nostril ma ke poʻo ʻaʻole he lua. Hoʻokahi ka waha a me ka ihu e hoʻohui ʻia. ʻOkoʻa ka huina o kā lākou helu i nā kanaka ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka nui o nā mea pīpī ke hiki mai i 5 a 8 mau ʻāpana. ʻO ia kahi mau palahalaha e kōkua i nā holoholona e hoʻokele i ka lewa a hoʻokō i ka hana o ke kino o ka pā. Hoʻokumu maikaʻi nā mea ʻike o nā hihi i nā holoholona, ʻoiai e ulu mālie lākou me ka ʻili me nā makahiki.
Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia nā palaka i nā myxines, ua paʻa lākou i ke kino. Loaʻa kahi ʻano hoihoi i ka ʻōlelo waha. ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o nā holoholona, ke wehe ʻokoʻa. ʻElua lālani niho o nā niho ma ka puʻu waha, a hoʻokahi nō niho lulu ma ka ʻāina o ka lewa.
No ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻike nā zoologists i ka hanu ʻana o ka holoholona. Ma hope o kekahi mau noiʻi, ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia e hānai ʻia ana ka hanu ma o ka nostril hoʻokahi. ʻO nā mea hanu ka mea kanu. ʻO nā ʻeke he mau ʻāpana he nui o nā papa kartilage. Hiki ke loli ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o kēia ʻano kai o ke kai a hilinaʻi i ka ʻāina a me ka noho ʻana.
He hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka mea no nā mixins:
- ʻākala
- ulaula me ka hina hina
- palaunu,
- lilac
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO kekahi ʻano kupaianaha o nā holoholona, ʻo ia ka ʻike o nā lua e hana ai lākou i ka lemus. Aia me kāna mea kōkua e hoʻokele ai lākou i ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea hoʻopuka a me ka hopu. ʻO ka ʻākihi e hana ai kēia mau mea i ka keratin a me ka mucin. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka melemele, viscous a ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia e holoi ʻia me ka wai.
Loaʻa i Myxins kahi ʻuʻuku, a me ke ʻūhā ke ʻano o ka cartilage. ʻAʻole like ke kaila o ke kino i ke kino o ke ʻano o nā kai kūʻai. ʻElua mau puʻu a ʻehā mau naʻau. Pīhoihoi ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma nā naʻau ʻehā. Aia nā kikowaena hou i ke poʻo, ka huakaʻi a me ka puʻuwai. Inā hiki ʻole kekahi o nā puʻuwai, ʻaʻole e pili i kēia i kona olakino.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka mixin?
Whakaahua: mixin iʻa
ʻO holoholona ʻo Campina ka holoholona e noho kū hoʻokahi i nā wai o nā kai. Aia ia ma nā hohonu hohonu. Mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o ka poʻe he hohonu ma kahi o 300-500 mika. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻike i ka hohonu ma mua o ka 1000 mau mika. Noho ʻo Mixina ma kahi o ke kapakai kahakai, mamao loa a ke kahakai ʻaʻole neʻe ʻo ia. E makemake i nā wahi me nā kahikilike a me nā subtropical climates.
ʻO nā wahi ʻona o ka wahi holoholona
Ma Lūkia, ua hālāwai pinepine ʻo nā lawaiʻa iā ia ma ke kai o Barents. Noho ka ʻ specieslelo Atlanta o nā myxines ma lalo o ke Kai ʻEleʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻAkelika. ʻO ka holoholona i lilo ka hapanui o ko lākou manawa ma lalo o ke kai. ʻO ka hapa nui loa a lākou i makemake i ka pālolo, siliki, lalo lalo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hele i nā holoholona i kahi hohonu o kahi 1,4 mau kilomita e hoʻoili i ke anuanu.
ʻĀnō ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi i loaʻa ai ka mixin. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka maxine?
E pili ana ʻo Mixina i nā mea hana karnivorous. Mālama ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma lalo o ke kai. Ma laila ʻo ia e ʻimi ai i mea ʻai nona iho. ʻAe pinepine, ʻike wale ʻia ka anuʻu kai i loko o ke kai a nānā i nā koena o ka poʻe noho moana make. I nā iʻa ʻehā a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, komo ka myxine ma loko o ke kaaka waha a i ʻole nā kīwaha lau. I loko o ke kino, hoʻohiolo wale ka holoholona i nā koena o ka uaua o ka mākala mai ka ʻūhā.
ʻOiai he ʻoi loa o ka iʻa a ʻai i nā koina o ka poʻe noho kai make, he mea hōʻeha ia i ka nāwaliwali, maʻi, a i ʻole iʻa i ka poʻe iʻa i ka ʻapo ʻole. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i nā mixins ke ʻimi i nā pale. Me nā niho keu, ʻawaʻka lākou i ka paia ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka iʻa a ʻai mua i nā ʻāpana o loko, a laila ka ʻiʻo o kā lākou ʻai. Inā hoʻomau ka iʻa i ka kolo o ke kai, hoʻomaka wale ka hūnā i ka nui o nā pua, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā kiko o nā gill. Ka make ʻana o nā waʻa koko mai ka ʻeha.
ʻIke ka poʻe lawaiʻa i nā ʻano o kēia mau kai iʻa, ʻaʻohe pono ʻole i ka iʻa, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hopu ai. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana no ka huli ʻana i ka waiwai kūpono o ka mixin i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma hope o ka pouli. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he hopu holoholona.
He aha ka mea e hānai ai i kahi waihona hānai:
Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe e noho ana i ka moana, ʻaʻole i hoʻowahāwahā ka iʻa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, e komo pū me nā mea nui nui - nā māka, nā manuʻa. ʻO kona helehelena ke kaua i ka mea nāna i hōʻeha wale ʻia, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka hui holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: i ka manawa i lawaiʻa nā lawaiʻa e hopu i kahi iʻa, i loko e hiki ai iā lākou ke helu ma mua o nā mea kanu 120.
ʻO nā manu o kēia mau heiau i nui loa. Hiki i ka nui o kēlā me kēia ʻohana ke piʻi aku i hoʻokahi tausani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi ʻAi: ʻOkuʻo Myxin Sea
He holoholona kupaianaha maoli ʻo Mixina, kahi hoihoi nui mai nā zoologists a me nā mea noiʻi. Ma ke ʻano maoli, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻopiha i ka nui o nā melus.
ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi: hiki i kahi pākeke ke hana i kahi pakō o ka huakano i loko o kahi mau kekona wale nō.
I ka manawa a ke kanaka e manaʻo ai e lele i kahi nalu ʻula, hoʻokuʻu koke ia i kahi nui o ka lemū, kahi mea paʻakikī iā ka mea lawaiʻa.Ma hope aku, ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka mea nāna e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke mixin i kona kino ponoʻī o ka māhu. Ua kāwili ʻo ia i loko o ka puʻu. Hoʻomaka ka holoholona i ka piʻi mai ka huelo, e neʻe mālie i ka node i ka poʻo o ke poʻo. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o ka lilo ʻana o nā unahi i kōkua i nā myxins e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ko lākou mau kino.
ʻO nā ʻōpū o ke kai ua ʻike ʻia nā holoholona nocturnal. I ke ao, ua moe lākou e hiamoe. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, kanu pinepine lākou i ka kanu ʻia e ka welau ma lalo. Noho wale ke poʻo ma ka ʻili. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, hele pū ka holoholona.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻAʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o ke kaʻina o ka myxin. Ua hiki i nā kānakaʻepekema ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā wahine i nui loa o ka nui o nā kāne. ʻO ka haneli he haneli kāne hoʻokahi wale nō kāne. I ke kūlohelohe, nui nā mea nona ka wahine a me ke ʻano wahine a kapa ʻia he hermaphrodites. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka hoʻopau ʻole a hoʻopau ʻana. He mea maʻamau no kēia mau mea hana i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka wahine inā ʻaʻole lawa nā kāne no ka hānai.
I ka wā e ulu ana, e neʻe aku nā holoholona mai kahi o ke kahakai a iho i ka hohonu hohonu. Koho ke wahine i kahi wahi kūpono no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke waiho i kahi o 10 a 30 mau hua meʻehā nui o kahi ʻano elongated. ʻO ka nui o kahi hua hoʻokahi ma kahi o 2 henimita. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana o ka hua, kanu ke kāne iā lākou.
ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o ke ola kai, ʻaʻole ka make o ka moana ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua hua. I ka wā hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole i ʻai ka iʻa nāu, no laila, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hua, wikiwiki lākou i ka hou ʻana i ka ikaika i lilo a nui ka nui. Hoʻopau i nā wana Mixina i nā manawa he nui i kona ola.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻepekema nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka progeny myxin. He nui ka poʻe e manaʻo nei he pae palalule. Manaoio kekahi poe aole ia. Eia nō naʻe, he mea kūpono ʻole ke kau ʻo nā kolohe i hānau koke ʻia i ka hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou mau mākua a lilo kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola nui o nā pōneki moana he 10-14 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kiʻi ʻ Mixlelo: European Mixina
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole like i nā kāwili i nā ʻenemi maoli. ʻAʻole ke hōʻike nui ka poʻe wānana i ka moana i ka manaʻo ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana nui i ka ʻāhu viscous. Mahalo i kēia, ʻo nā waha o nā mea i weliweli maikaʻi e koho maʻalahi ʻia.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o kēia koho ʻana o ke ola kai i kiki ʻia i ka helehelena, ʻaʻole ia i ʻimi ʻia. ʻOiai ʻoiai he mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i loko o kekahi mau ʻāina, e like me Iapana, Taiwan a me South Korea, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā leʻaleʻa ʻono a paʻakikī loa mai ka ʻiʻo mixin. I ka nui o nā ʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia nā pona moana e like me nā mea lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa ʻenehana.
I kēia lā, ua aʻo nā kānaka e hoʻohana i nā mea ola e like me ka iʻa maʻa no ko lākou mau kumu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka heluna o nā kahakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka myxin i loko o ka ʻili a ʻo ka hana a ʻoi ʻo lākou ka "pali" eel "kaulana.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo Campina ka mea noho o ke kai hiki ke ʻaʻo. Me kēia waiwai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ia i kāna nostril wale nō mai o ka mū i komo i loko o ia mea.
Ua loaʻa i nā mea lapaʻau hou a me nā loea lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi waiwai maikaʻi loa o ka huehue o ke aʻa - hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke kaʻina koko. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻepekema e hoʻohana i kēia waiwai i ka lāʻau laila a hana i ka hoʻomākaukau hemostatic e pili ana i ka hana. He mea pono ia e hoʻomaopopo ma loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ka iʻa maʻa ʻaʻole he ʻenemi.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Nā kiʻi: ka ʻihiwai, a i ʻole mixa
I kēia mau lā, ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia mea ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau moana i ka make. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻenemi i ka nahelehele, ʻoiai i ka mucus a lākou e hana ai he mea kaua ikaika kūʻē i nā poʻe kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia nui. ʻO nā mea kikoʻī nui a koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻi i nā mixins. Ma muli o ka nui o nā poʻe he hermaphrodites, maʻalahi lākou e hoʻoholo i kā lākou moeʻana i ka wā ulu. He mau huaʻai nui nā kaona o ke kai, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka ʻupena, nāwaliwali nāwaliwali a nā maʻi maʻi paha, a me ke koena o ka noho ʻana.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka helehelena, a me nā ʻano o nā mea e pono ai ka meaʻai, he mea ʻole ka poʻe. Ma kekahi mau wahi kahi e lawaiʻa ʻia ai ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia ke kohu moana. I kēia lā, no nā kumu kālepa, ʻike ʻia ʻo mixin ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika wale nō. Ma laila lākou e hele ai e ʻili i ka ʻili. Ma kēia ʻāina, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻili kino.
Ma kekahi mau'āina o Asia, ua ʻai mau lākou i kēia mau kamaʻāina. Ke Kellea Hema, Iapana, a me Taiwan, nā māka iʻa iʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā ʻano mea iʻa. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema hou o kēia mau mea i ka waiwai o nā kiʻalā o nā kiʻikuhi i ka moana - e hoʻokuʻi i ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i ke koko. Ma kēia kumu, ke mālama ʻia nei nā haʻawina he nui, ʻoiai e ʻimi nei nā mea noiʻi e hana i ka hoʻomākaukau hemostatic e pili ana i kēia mea.
He mau mea kupanaha nā Myxins nona nā ala e ola ai ka nui o nā ʻepekema a me nā hewa o nā poʻe he nui i ka manawa like. Ma muli o ke hiki ke hoʻokau kūʻokoʻa ʻole i ka moʻo i ka wā o ka wā o ka moʻo, a me ka hiki ke pale aku me ke kōkua o ka mānoanoa mākia, a palu ka ʻai a kokoke i nā mea āpau a pau, hiki iā lākou ke kolo. ʻAʻole hōʻike ke kanaka i kekahi makemake iā lākou no ka mea ke ʻano like a me ke ʻano hana. Ma nā wahi nui i loaʻa i nā ʻohana hipa he nui loa o kēia mau mea, ua pau ka lawaiʻa ʻana, mai ka manawa like ʻaʻala kumu no ka pilikia i ka hopu.
ʻO keʻano
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 45-70 cm. ʻAʻohe mau paikikala. Aia ka kuʻekuʻe uku ʻole i ka palena o ke poʻo a kamaʻilio me ka pharynx. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka waha a me ka ihu e 6-8 tendrils kikokiko. Nā ʻeke Gill - 516 mau pakanā; i kekahi mau mea, ua kamaʻilio kēlā me kēia pēpē me ka pharynx a me ke ʻano o waho; Aia ka ʻeke o ka gill i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā papa pepa. Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi i ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka ili myxinum i ka ʻili o ka ʻili.
Ua wehe ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, aia ka naʻau nui a me 3 mau mea hou, aia kēia mau naʻau hou i loaʻa i ke poʻo, ka puʻu a me ka huelo. ʻO nā Mixins kekahi o nā hoʻohaʻahaʻa koko haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā vertebrates. Loaʻa iā lākou kekahi helu kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ke koko i ke kaumaha o ke kino e hoʻohālikelike i nā chordates ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o 17 ml o ke koko no ka 100 g o ka nui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā maka e ka ʻili, ʻike lākou i ka Myxins me ka maikaʻi ʻole, no ka mea, he nui loa nā maka o lākou, aia nā pūnāwai photosensitive a puni ka cloaca.
Hiki i nā Myxins ke nakinaki i loko o kahi puʻu e ʻoki i nā ʻāpana o ka meaʻai, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho mai ka nahu, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i ke kino o ka lemus.
Pili kanaka
ʻAi maikaʻi ʻia nā hui a like me nā iʻa i ko lākou ʻono, akā he nui no ka hōʻole ʻana e hoʻāʻo nā mixins ma muli o ko lākou helehelena.
Hoʻokomo lākou i ka pōʻino nui i ka lawaiʻa. ʻO nā lawaiʻa mai kahakai o ʻEnelani, Western Sweden a me Southern ʻĀsia e hoʻoikaika pinepine ʻia e hoʻololi i nā wahi lawaiʻa, no ka mea, ʻo nā "puʻuwai" o nā mixins hiki iā lākou ke waiho ʻole me ka waiwai ʻole.
He ʻoluʻolu loa lākou, ʻae lākou i ka lōʻihi o ka wā i ʻole ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke pololi i ka manawa lōʻihi a noho mau ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou ka pōʻino loa.
He ʻauhau
ʻAʻole paʻa i nā ʻōnaehana like mixin - ua ʻike ʻia ka hapanui o nā kula ʻauhau ma ko lākou wahi ma ka lāʻau phylogenetic o nā chordates: ka hui pū ʻana me nā lampreys i ka pūʻulu (papa a i ʻole nā superclass) o nā cyclostome, a i ʻole ua kau ʻia nā papa i kahi kūmole i ka superclass o ka maxillary, a i ʻole he mau pāʻina ʻē aʻe (Myxinomorphi) , Petromyzontorphi) - i ka waiwai cranial, a i ʻole he infratype hoʻokaʻawale (Myxinomorphi) - i loko o ka waiwai cranial, ʻo nā minogates i ke ʻano o ka Petrostzontorphi superclass - i ka infratype vertebrate. ʻO kā maʻamau nā myxiniformes i keʻano he cranial, akā ʻaʻole ka vertebral, akene no ka nele o kekahi o nā lālā o ka pōpopo i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kino a i ka wā ʻelemakule. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻano o nā myxines (leech), ua loaʻa ka spine, a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana like, like me ka nīnau ʻana no kā lākou homology i ka pōʻai maoli o nāebrebrates, a, no laila, e kūleʻa ana ka ʻōnaehana o ka myxines. Inā he homologous kēia mau ʻōhua i ka pōkole, a laila ʻike nā myxines i nā vertebrates, a, ʻoi aku, ʻike pū ka cranial me ka vertebral, no ka mea, i loko o nā huapalapalaola e kuhi a homologous i ka pōʻai maoli, a laila ʻike pū ʻia nā cranial, non-vertebral.
Kahi helu
I ka lāʻo Nowemapa 2017, ʻo nā hua subfamili a me nā hānau keiki e pili ana i ka ʻohana:
- Subfamily Eptatretinae Bonaparte, 1850
- Genus Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819 - Nā leeches, a i ʻole nā hui līkī
- Genus Heptatretus Regan, 1912
- Genus Rubicundus Fernholm et al. , 2013
- Subfamily Myxininae Rafinesque, 1815
- Genus Myxine Linnaeus, 1758 - Mixins
- Genus Nemamyxine Richardson, 1958 - Nā Huihui
- Genus Neomyxine Richardson, 1953 - Neomyxins
- Genus Notomyxine Nani & Gneri, 1951
I ka 2019, ua loaʻa ka hona fossil o nā ʻano myxine i loko o nā papana e pili ana iā 100 miliona mau makahiki o Lebanona. ʻO ka tapirostrum Tethymyxine .
ʻO nā mixins ka mea i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i ka moana. ʻO ka mana kiʻi a me nā wikiō
I ka papa helu ʻepekema, hui ʻia nā mixins i ka papa o Cyclostomata, ʻaʻole ia he iʻa, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema e koi ana e like me lākou, e like me nā lampreys, he kuleana e kapa ʻia kēlā. He inoa inoa hewa ʻole kēia holoholona - "witch iʻa" a me ka "eel-slug".
ʻO Myxins, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hōʻea ka ulu o ka hapalua mika. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pālapa nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 127 cm. He kino koikoi, he kī ʻole kona ʻōpū. Hoʻokomo ka waha a me kahi hālei hoʻokahi e ulu ai nā 6-8 antennae (hilinaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano).
ʻAʻole like me ka maxillary (wehe ʻia ka waha), e hana pono ana ka waha o ka mixin. Hoʻokomo ka antennae ma ka muzzle i kahi hana hoʻoikaika, ʻoiai ka maka o nā holoholona, akā naʻe ke nui ʻia me ka ʻili.
No ka hoʻopihapiha no ka nele o ka hihiʻo, loaʻa i ka myxin i nā sela photosensitive e pili ana i ke poʻo a kokoke i ka cloaca.
Ma ka huakaʻi, ua loaʻa he 100 pores e puka ai i ka mucus e hoʻopuni a puni ka ʻāpana kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻike ʻia kēia mau pali mucous i nā ʻano Atlantik o nā myxines.
Aia ka mucus ka keratin a me ka mucin, e hāʻawi ia i kahi ana i kahi o ka mea maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole i holoi ʻia e ka wai.
Me ke ala, ʻaʻole kōkua kēia lemus i ka holo ʻana o ka holoholona i loko o ka iʻa decomppos, akā e pale pū ʻia, hoʻopiha me ka pūnohu hoʻokahi a me ka waha. No ka hoʻokō i kēia mea, pili ka holoholona i kahi puʻupuʻu, e holo mai ana mai loko mai o ia mea e wehe ai i kahi manamana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia wale nō ka holoholona hihiu ʻike i aʻo i ka huki, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka nostril.
Ua loaʻa iā 4 ka naʻau o Mexico. ʻO ka mea nui kekahi o lākou. Ke hele nei ka ʻōnaehana uila i ka puʻuwai āpau, no laila ʻo ka nele o kekahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka make he "wikiwiki". Aia nā hihia i hoʻomau ai ʻo ka mexin decapitated eʻauʻau hou aku ma mua o 5 mau hola. Hoʻohui iki, maikaʻi ka holoholona i kahi manawa lōʻihi ʻole ka meaʻai a hiki ke noho i nā kūlana weliweli.
Myxins subclass –myxini
ʻO ka pāʻālua pū ka inoa ma kekahi mau wahi he ʻeha. I kēia lā wau e kākau i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā papa.
Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe i kahi hoʻonā - hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā koina like a me nā waiwai i loko o ka papa waihona maʻamau, a inā ʻaʻohe mea, hoʻohana i nā haumia.
Loaʻa kahi miliona miliona e pili ana i kēia kaʻina no JavaScript, makemake wau e hoʻopili i ke ala i ka wā i komo ai ka mixin ma ke kaulahao hoʻoilina.
E hoʻomaka kākou ma o ka ʻike ʻana i ko mākou pilikia. Ke manaʻo nei he ʻelua papa papa a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā papa ʻelua o lākou. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia ka pono no ka hana like ma nā papa keiki.
ʻO kēia ka mea kope kope maʻamau e like me kēia ma ko mākou pakuhi: He hana pinepine pinepine ia i kēia hana i nā mea a nā mākua, no laila ke kau nei iā ia i loko o kekahi papa kumu. Lawe iā ia i kahi wahi kaʻawale - mixin.
Mai kahi ʻano ʻōlelo, hiki ke mixin ke lilo i mea maʻamau. Ano, e kūkākūkā i ka manawa i kākau ʻia ai ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa - pehea e hoʻopili pono ai i kā mākou kāwili i loko o nā papa.
Ma muli o koʻuʻike iho, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi papa lūlama e pili ana i kahi kāwili a me ka hoʻoku ʻana i ka waiwai hoʻoilina.
- mālie o ka hoʻokomo
- hōʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka pāʻina i loaʻa i ka mixin,
- hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mixins, hiki i ka hana ke hana i nā mixins i loaʻa ʻole ʻole he pilikia nui.
- ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino i ka hana o ke ʻano hana ʻē aʻe ma ke code, no ka mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoilina o ka hoʻoilina.
- ka wikiwiki o ka lele ʻana - ʻaʻole pono kahi aleki hoʻokahi e kāwili i kahi mixin ma kēia ala,
- hoʻohana maikaʻi hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo - ʻaʻole ʻoe e kope i kekahi mea
Ke kākau nei i kahi pāʻālua
I nā hanana āpau ma hope, e hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻokō kikoʻī - kahi waihona ʻo Backbone.Mix. Ke nānā nei ʻoe i ke code, ʻike ʻoe e maʻalahi loa ia, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻalahi me ka maʻalahi o ia mea no kāu hoʻolālā punahele.
E ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā mixins i hoʻopili ʻia i ka kaulahao hoʻoilina i ka ola maoli a ʻike i nā pono o kēia ala no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e kākau nei i kahi pūnaewele)) a ma kāu pūnaewele aia nā mea like ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pani - popups, hints, etc.
Hoʻoulu pū mākou.
var Popup = Backbone.View.mix (Closable) .kile (<// kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole ma aneʻi>), ʻo ka maʻalahi, ʻaʻole ia? ʻĀnō hoʻi ko kā mākou hoʻoilina hoʻoilina i kēia:
- hele mua ka pae papa Backbone.View
- he lei inoa he mea hoʻoili ʻia mai ia mea, ʻo ka prototype o ia ka mea hoʻohui Closable
- hoʻopiha i ke kaulahao i kā mākou popo
Hoʻololi loa kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana a me nā ʻano hana hou mai kahi mixin i ka papa kahi i hui pū ai. Eia kahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka Popup e kākau i kekahi mea i ka console ke pani ʻana: var Popup = Backbone.View.
... aka kōkua lākou. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole wīwī ka palupalu, a ʻo ka mea hui hoʻokahi he mea nui ʻole ia.
No ka laʻana, kuhi kaʻi leo pōʻaiʻi a kākau mākou i kahi loulou i IndexedDB, a iā mākou pū kekahi hui kā mākou iho no kēia - Loggable 🙂 var Loggable = <_log: hana () <// a mākou e kākau nei ma IndexedDB >>, a laila e kipa mākou i ka pope ʻelua mau mixins: var Popup = Backbone.View.mix (Closable, Loggable).
pālahalaha (<_onClickClose: function () <this._super (), this._log ('Popup closed'), >>), ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka syntax. Ma ka kikoʻī, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia: E like me kāu e ʻike ai, e laina ka kaulahao hoʻoili ma luna o ke ʻano o nā pilina hui.
Hoʻohui i nā Mixins
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ke kūlana e hoʻokokoke ai kā mākou mea loiloi iā ia a ʻōlelo ʻo ia e makemake ʻo e hōʻiliʻili i nā helu helu ma nā pani ʻana o nā popo āpau, ʻo nā ʻōkuʻina - nā mea āpau i hiki ke pani. Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lōʻihi mākou i kahi mixable Trackable no kēlā mau hihia, mai ka manawa i hana mākou i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ma ka pūnaewele.
var Trackable = <_track: function (event) <// hoʻouna i ka hanana i kekahi ʻōnaehana kolamu analytics >> ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha mākou makemake e hoʻopili i nā mea hiki ke kikoʻī ʻia a pololei paha, a i ʻole hiki iā Closable e hilinaʻi ma Trackable.
Rotor-like, puni, ʻole lehelehe. I ka pau ʻana o ka kuhi, 4 mau pui antennae: ʻelua mau pālua kokoke i ka waha a me 2 mau paakiki e kokoke ana i ka wehe a kau puka ma nā kihi o ka popo. Hoʻopili ka nasohypophysial Rongonui me ka pharynx.
He niho niho ʻole i ka palau, kahi alapiʻi me ʻelua mau niho niho ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā pani Gill mai ka 1 a 15 mau pai. Hoʻopili i nā pēpē Gill 5-16 mau pihi. ʻĀpana kālā
Aia ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao e hū ana i ka lālani ponoʻī he lysis-hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mixins nā holoholona moana e noho ana i ke kai a me nā subtropical wai o ka Honua Honua a hiki lākou i ka lōʻihi o 50-100 cm. Mālama ʻia lākou i nā hohonu mai nā metotia a hiki i 500 a keu aku. Hoʻopili i ka waiho ʻana i ke ʻano ovoid, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pūlima waha me nā kaula lōʻihi ma nā kihi. ʻO ka ʻohana ka 4 genera.
ʻO RodMixins - Myxine.kahi mau pahu o ka hamama kūwaho i waho. ʻO nā huaʻulu he 10 mau mea ola e noho ana i nā wai anuanu o nā Atlantika a me ka Moana.
1 myxin, 2- maulula kukui, 3-1 mau kele kukui, 4- kukui wai.
Hui ʻāhiau a i ʻole ʻAmelika - M. glutinosa Linne, 1758. Pēlā a i ka 50 cm. Aia ka kai i loko o ke kai Ua alakaʻi i ke ʻano parasitime.holo pālahalaha i ka wai hakakū o nā moana ʻelua o ka moana Atlantika [21,27]. ʻAʻohe ona waiwai kālepa.
ʻO ka waha o kahi pīʻaha manuahi manu ʻole, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hiʻu ʻili, ua paʻa i nā niho pepe he nui. Aia ka puka ihu i ka piko o ke poʻo a ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio me ka pharynx. He 7 mau kulu hilahila gill: launa pū me ke ʻano me ka lau subopharyngeal. Hoʻopili ʻia nā maka i ʻelua mau ʻāpana dorsal.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka wai kūlohelohe o nā ʻōpū ʻelua.
Ma waena o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo mini-ola e noho ana i nā wai o ko mākou ʻāina, aia ka hele a me nā wai wai-nā wai hou, ko kā lākou hana hou ʻana i ka wai ma ka wai wai ma ka ʻāina one, he make nā kukui a ma hope o ka ulana. Ke hoʻomohala nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wāwae me ka metamorphosis, pōkole ke larva (Ammocoetes), he mau ʻano o ka morphological ʻokoʻa: ʻaʻohe kīʻaha hapai a me nā niho, ua palaka ka waha, e pōloli ʻia ka maka.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi nui o ka genera kumu o ka ʻohana
1 (2) Ma ka papa maxillary he hoʻokahi niho huhū liʻiliʻi (Fig. 57, 2) - ka genus Caspian lampreys.
2 (1) Ma ka papa maxillary, 2-3 niho.
3 (6) Aia he 2 mau niho ma ka pā maxillary.
4 (5) Ma ka pā kiilima nui o 2 nā niho hakakā pale ākea (Fig. 57, 1) - ka ʻano ʻaihue ʻōpiopio.
6 (3) Ma ka pālani maxillary he 3 mau niho - 2 ma nā ʻaoʻao a 1 kahi nui, ulu maikaʻi, i ke waena (Fig. 57, 3) - ka genus Trekhzubyeminogi.
1 sea lamprey, 2- Caspian lamprey, 4- kahawai kukui, 5 Kapila kukui, 6 Siberian lamprey, he -mandibular plate, b -mandibular plate, c- lateral labial hunial, g-low labial nā niho
ʻO Rod lamprey - Petromyzon.kahi pōkole ke pākaukau maxillary, i ke ʻano o nā niho ʻelua e pili ana. He papa niho 7,ibilular ka nui o nā niho labial (Fig. 51, 1). Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Rod i kekahi ʻike.
Seahorn - P.marinus Linne, 1758. Loaʻa ia i ka lōʻihi o 1 m (e nānā i ka Fig. 56, 2) Hiki i kahi huakaʻi hele ke hana i nā ʻano noho noho. Parasitizes i luna o ka iʻa, ka ʻai koko a me nā io. E hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o ke Kai Moana.
Ma ka mokupuni o ʻEulopa a hōʻea i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika, hema a hiki i ke Kai Adriatic, ma ke kahakai o ʻAmelika - mai South Greenland a hiki i Florida.
Ma na wai o ko kakou aina, laha loa ke loaa i ka papu Baltic.
Rod Caspian lampreys - Caspiomyzon.ʻO ka pōkole pākihi maxillary, loaʻa iā ia 1 niho ʻōheu. Palapala Mandibular o 5 mau niho.
Caspian aminopoda - C. wagneri (Kessler, 1870). Kūkulu ia i nā puka 2: nui - 37-55 cm ka lōʻihi a me ka liʻiliʻi - 19-30 cm. ʻAʻole ia e pili i ka iʻa. E hānai ana i nā invertebrates, detritus, algae. Kālaha ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Caspian Sea.
ʻO Rod Minogi - Lampetra. ʻO ka laulā maxillary he laulā, me nā niho ʻelua e kū ana ma nā kihi.
Ka papa ʻaina nui o nā ʻano ʻano kukui
1 (4) Hōʻihue niho niho loloa a kūlou, hema a me nā niho labial.
3 (2) Hākū ka ʻili. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 16 cm - ke kukui māmā o ʻEulopa.
4 (1) He mau niho nā niho lateral waena. He mau niho labial ma lalo - nā ʻĀina o ka Pacificop.
Kaʻa waiopoda - L.fluviatilis (Linne, 1758). ʻO nā niho labial lateral labial he tripartite. ʻO nā niho labial ma lalo a me waho. ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ua koi nā niho (ʻike i ka fig. 56, 57).
Hoʻohui lākou i nā palapala 2: nui (ka lōʻihi lōʻihi 31-34 cm) a me ka liʻiliʻi (ka lōʻihi 23-23 cm). ʻO ka nui kiʻekiʻe ka 40.5cm. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi kūlana hele. Hiki i ka parasitise i nā iʻa.
Lio broodika Europa - L.planeri (Bloch, 1784). Lalo ia mai nā kukui wanimona me nā niho puhi ʻōpoki a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke a hiki i ka 16 cm. ʻAʻole hānai nā ʻōpio i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai like kahi e noho ai ka lamprey wai. Ma USSR, ma nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai wai o nā bas Baltic a me ka Volga kiʻekiʻe.
Pacific Ocean, Arctic Sea lamprey - L. japonica (Martens, 1868) . ʻAʻohe niho o nā niho labial ma waho. ʻO nā niho niho haʻahaʻa ma ke ʻano o kahi kikoʻī o kahi kaula liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi laina o nā niho liʻiliʻi.
Mixina. Kāʻei hui a me ka noho
ʻAʻole ʻo nā mea āpau ma ka lewa i kapa ʻia "ka mea hoʻopailua." ʻO ka nīnū invertebrate kekahi mau inoa inoa ʻole: "eel-slug", "worm kai" a me nā iʻa "witch." E hoʻākoakoa mākou i ka mea i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka wai i loko.
Ke nānā nei i ke kiʻi o ka mixin, ʻaʻole ʻoe e haʻi koke iā wai ʻo ia: he ʻōpala koʻikoʻi, he ʻōpū elongated me ka ʻole o kahi mea, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano iʻa. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona holoholona.
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema. Lawe lākou i ka mixin i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻōpū a me ka iʻa. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻole e kapa ʻia nei he vertebrate, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia o ka vertebrae. Aia wale kekahi ʻūhā wale ʻana o kahi ʻihi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka papa o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia.
He ʻano kū hoʻokahi ka holoholona e hana ai. ʻO Myxins, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 45-70 kenimika. I nā pilikia maʻamau, ulu i lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi palapala o 127 mau kenimika.
ʻO kahi hāleʻa ʻole ʻole kahi wāwae e hoʻonani i ke poʻo. Puni ka waha a me kēia ihu, ulu nā antennae. Ka mea maʻamau, aia he 6-8 o lākou. ʻO kēia mau antennae he organile kūpono no ka holoholona, ʻokoʻa i ka maka, aia i ka myxines ua nui i ka ʻili. ʻAʻole hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā pua i lalo o ka wai i loko o ka wai.
ʻO ka waha o kahi myxin, e like me nā holoholona kaulana loa, e wehe hāleʻaleʻi. Ma ka waha e ʻike ʻoe i 2 mau lālani niho a me kahi niho ʻole i mālama ʻia i ka lewa.
No ka wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo no ka hanu ʻana o ka myxin. A ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ma waena o kekahi nostril hoʻokahi. ʻO ko lākou hanu hanu o nā kumulāʻau, aia nā mea he nui o nā papa o ka cartilaginous.
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kala o ka "ʻano moana" i loko o ka hale, i ka hapanui i loko o ke ʻano ka hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mau kala:
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o nā pūpū e hūnā i ka waha. Aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka iʻa "witch." He mea koʻikoʻi nui kēia i nā myxins āpau, e kōkua ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lilo i pio no nā poʻe pōpilikia.
ʻO ke ʻano kūloko o ka myxin he mea hoihoi. Pōʻalima mau puʻuwai a ʻehā mau puʻuwai noho i lalo. Aia kekahi mau lālā hou aʻe i loko o ke poʻo, ka ʻili a me nā ate o ka "monster moana". Pēlā nō hoʻi e kahe ana ke koko i nā naʻau ʻehā. Inā hāʻule kekahi o lākou, hiki i ka holoholona ke noho mau.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka hana o ka mixin
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, i ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i loli ka mixin. ʻO kāna mau ʻano fossil e weliweli ai i nā kānaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ma mua he mau lula ʻole.
Ma hea e loaʻa ai iaʻu he mixin? Huli ia, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai:
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
- Europa
- Kahukumanu
- Kahiki Kahupaono.
Hiki i kahi lawaiʻa Lūkia ke hālāwai me ia i ke kai Barents. Noho ke kāwiliʻā Atlantine ma lalo o ke Kai ʻEleʻa a me ke komohana ʻo ka ʻAmelika. Makemake nā poʻe noho o lalo i ka hohonu o 100-500 mika, akā hiki i ka manawa e loaʻa ke hohonu ma kahi o ka kilomita.
I ke ao, ua makemake nā kāwili e hiamoe. Me ka hapa lalo o ke kino, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka silt, waiho wale i ka hapa o ke poʻo wale i ka ʻili. I ka pō, hele nā ʻalā wai.
Ma ke kaulike, mea hoʻomaopopo he paʻakikī ke kāhea i kahi kāwele holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka iʻa "ʻenehana" kokoke i ka wā ākea wale nō i ka iʻa a me ka immobilized iʻa. ʻO ka hana lāleʻa, ma luna o ka poʻe i lawe i nā iʻa lawaiʻa a i ʻole ʻupena hīnaʻi.
Inā hiki i ka mea hoʻomalu ke kūleʻa aku, ʻo ka "monster monster" immobilizes ia. Piʻi ma lalo o nā gills, myesinum secretes mucus. Hoʻopau ka hana a nā mea kanu a make ka mea make.
Hiki i nā mixins ke hoʻopuka i kahi ʻōhū piha o nā lemona i hoʻokahi minuke
ʻAʻole makemake nui ka mixins iā lākou iho i ko lākou mucus, no laila, ma hope o nā hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻalo i ka wa hiki loa ʻia a i lilo ʻia i loko o kahi puʻu. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kānaka i lalo o ka wai me nā mea kaulike.
ʻO kēia manawa hou, ua kiʻi nā ʻepekema i ka hiki ʻana i nā mālamuku myxin i hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo aia he ʻōnaehana ʻano kūʻokoʻa e kōkua ai i ka hoʻōki i ke kahe. Aia paha a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke hoʻolaʻa ia mai ka mucus.