Kāleʻele keʻokeʻo (a i ole Siberian Crane) - kahi manu nona ka ʻohana puaʻa a me ke kauoha o cranes, a ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia ka ʻāpana maikaʻi loa o nā cranes e noho kūʻokoʻa ma Rusia.
ʻAʻole e hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma ka honua. ʻO ia paha ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua e alakaʻi ai i ka mea hīmeni Lūkia e mālama i kēia manu ʻolua i alakaʻi pololei ʻia e ka Pelekikena Pelekane ʻo Vladimir Putin. Ua kapa ʻia kēia pāhana ma ka slogan nani "Flight of Hope." I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i helu inoa ʻia ka Siberian Crane wale nō ma ka Puke Hoʻomau, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano mea nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
Sterkh - Keokeʻo Whiteua ulu kona ulu ʻana i 160 kenimika. ʻO ka paona o nā pākeke ke iho mai ʻelima a ʻehiku a me ka hapa haneli. Loaʻa nā ʻēheu o nā wingpan mai ka 220 i 265 mau kenimika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā males ma mua o nā wahine.
Ke kala o nā manu keʻokeʻo (e nānā paha ʻoe e ka inoa manu) he keʻokeʻo nui ia, he ʻeleʻele ka ʻēheu. ʻAnoʻulaʻula nā wāwae a me ke kakā. He ʻulaʻulaʻula nā lālā o nā ʻōpiopio i kēlā me kēia hiʻona. ʻO ka mākaū o ka maka i kahi manu he ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha.
ʻO ka beak o nā Cranes Siberia ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana crane, a ma ka pau ʻana o kahi ʻano makana. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo o kēia mau manu (a puni ka maka a me ka ʻukā) ʻaʻole he plumage, a i ka hapa nui o ka ʻili i kēia wahi he loiloi ʻulaʻula. ʻOkiuli nā maka o nā pēpē i ka hānau ʻana, e hoʻomaka ka huli ʻana i ka melemele i ka wā lōʻihi.
E loaʻa nā paʻani keʻokeʻo ma Rusiame ka hālāwai maoli ʻole ma kahi e ae ma luna o ke koena o kā mākou honua. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i ka Republic of Komi, ʻo Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug a me ke Arkhangelsk Region, e hana ana i ʻelua mau ʻōhua kaawale mai kēlā me kēia.
Haalele wale ʻo Siberian Cranes iā Rūsia no ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, i ka wā puaʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo hana i nā mokulele lōʻihi i Kina, India a me ʻĀkau o Iran. Noho ka lehulehu o kēia poʻe a puni nā loko wai me nā haʻalulu, no ka mea, ua hoʻopiha maoli ʻia kā lākou mau wāwae i ka neʻe ma luna o nā ʻāina makaki.
ʻO ka hale keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e ʻike paʻakikī iā ʻoe iho, no ka mea, ʻoi aku lākou i waena o nā loko a me nā rawa, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka pā o ka ulu lāʻau impenetrable.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
O nā mea āpau o nā ʻohana crane, ʻo ia nō ka Siberian Cranes e kū nei me nā koi kiʻekiʻe a lākou i kau ai i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO ia paha ke kumu o ka wā e noho nei lākou i ka wā āpau.
ʻOiai e palekana ka ʻōlelo ʻana e pili ana i ka moʻo ʻo ka manu ke manaʻo ʻia he mea hilahila loa kēia manu a pale pū i ka pilina pili me nā kānaka, ma ka manawa hoʻokahi e hiki ke hoʻomāhū nui ʻia inā inā he hoʻoweliweli pololei i ka home a i kona ola ponoʻī paha.
Ke ʻauheʻe keʻokeʻo i ka lele
Hoʻokomo ʻo Sterkh i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ke ao, ka hūnā i ka hapa ʻelua mau hola e hiamoe, i ka wā e kū ai ʻo ia ma kahi wāwae, e hūnā ana i ka lua ma nā hulu ma kona ʻōpū. ʻO ke poʻo i ka wā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha kahi e kū pololei ma lalo o ka lehe.
ʻO ka mālama nui ʻana o nā manu ʻo Siberian Cranes, koho lākou i kahi kahi e hiamoe pono ai ka waena o ka wai o ka wai, kahi mamao o nā ʻōpala a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i nā mea kuhi ke hūnā ma hope.
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mālama manu ʻana i kēia mau manu a hiamoe wale nō i hoʻokahi mau hola i ka lā, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano poʻokela i ka neʻe o ka holo ʻana i ka manawa (ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā holo ʻana i mau huakaʻi a ʻeono mau kaukane mau kilomita), ʻaʻole lākou he mau mea ikaika i ka wā hoʻoilo, a ma ka pō lā makemake i nā lā e hoʻomaha.
Ka Kāhea ʻana o nā White Cranes ʻokoʻa loa mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, a he lōʻihi, lōʻihi a maʻemaʻe hoʻi.
E hoʻolohe i ka uwē ʻana o kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
Mea ʻai
Ma nā wahi maʻamau, nā kīʻaha keʻokeʻo e hānai nui i nā meaʻai kanu. ʻO kā lākou punahele punahele nā ʻano hua like ʻole, cereals, nā hua, nā aʻa a me nā rhizomes, nā kō a me nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka mauʻu ʻōpiopio.
Hoʻokomo pū lākou i nā mea inikini, mollusks, rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai, ʻai ʻia nā Croges Siberian, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou hua. I ka wā hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nui nā Siberian Cranes "nā huahana" o ka ulu mea kanu.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi ʻākau: White Crane
ʻO ka White Crane a i ka Sterkh nona ke aupuni holoholona, ke ʻano o nā chordates, ka papa o nā manu, ka ʻohana crane, ke ʻano o nā Cranes, a me nā ʻano o Sterkhov. He manu kahiko nā Cranes, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻohana cranes i ka wā Eocene, ma kahi o 40-60 miliona mau makahiki i hala. He ʻokoʻa ʻē nā manu kahiko i nā loiloi o kēia ʻohana, ka mea i ʻike ʻia iā mākou i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o nā hoahānau pili kahiko, ʻokoʻa kekahi ʻano like o nā manu.
Wikiō: White Crane
ʻO nā hoahānau pili pili o ka Cranes keʻokeʻo he mau pū me ka ʻokopa Psophiidae a me nā pipi ʻo Aramidae. I ka wā kahiko, ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu i nā kānaka, ka mea kākau kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kēia mau manu nani e ʻōlelo i kēia. ʻO nā ʻano Grus leucogeranus mua i wehewehe mua e ka Soviet ornithologist K.A. Vorobyov i ka makahiki 1960.
ʻO nā Cranes nā manu nui me nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka manu iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka Siberian Crane he 140 cm. I ka wā o ka holo, ua hoʻolōʻihi nā cranes i ko lākou ʻāʻī a i lalo hoʻi o ko lākou mau wāwae, he ʻano like me nā ʻano, akā like ʻole kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole kīleʻa nā cranes i ka noho ʻana ma luna o nā kumulāʻau. He wahi poʻo liʻiliʻi nā cranes, me kahi beak a koʻikoʻi. Ma ke poʻo, kokoke i ka beak, kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka hulu hulu. Ma Siberian Cranes he wahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kēia wahi. He keʻokeʻo ka plumage, ma luna o nā ʻēheu, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula nā hulu. Hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke loaʻa ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma hope o ke kua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manaʻo keʻokeʻo?
He manu nani nā Cranes. He pānaʻi maoli lākou i nā mea kanu a i ʻole zoo. ʻO ka paona o ka pākeke mai 5.5 a 9 kg. Ke kiʻekiʻe mai ke poʻo a hiki i nā wāwae 140-160 cm, nā eheu e pili ana iā 2 mika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo nā kāne kekahi i kahi beak lōʻihi. ʻO ka keokeo o Siberian Cranes he keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻēheu, ma luna o nā ʻēheu, ʻeleʻele nā hulu o nā hulu.
Ma ke poʻo a puni ka pūlaka aia kahi kāpena o ka ʻili ʻili o ke kala ʻulaʻula. Ma muli o ka mea e nānā iki ai ka manuahi, ʻoiai ke hoʻāpono ʻia nei ka manaʻo mua, ʻano ikaika loa ke ʻano o nā kaila keʻokeʻo. ʻUlaʻula ʻia ka beak i ke kala, pololei a lōʻihi. I nā holoholona'ōpiopio, he mālamalama ka plumage. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao a i hope. ʻO ka lole a ka manu e waiho ana a hiki i kahi o 2-2,5 mau makahiki ma hope, e loli ke kala o ka manu ma ke keʻokeʻo.
He ʻōwele ka maka o ka manu, he melemele ka ua o ke pākeke. Lōʻihi nā lūlū a ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻohe plumage ma nā wāwae, ma kēlā me kēia wāwae he 4 mau manamana, waena a me nā manamana lima e pili ana i nā membrane. Ka Hōʻuluʻo - ʻo ke kiʻi ʻo Siberian Cranes me ka leo nui, ua lohe ʻia kēia haunaele i ka wā o ka lele mai ka honua. A kani nui loa nā Siberian Cranes i ko lākou wā hula.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: O ka leo o ke kanaea e like me ke kani o ka mea kani. ʻOiai ke hīmeni ʻana, ʻike ka poʻe i ke kani e like me ka ʻūʻū mālie.
Kahu ʻia nā poli keʻokeʻo he mau centenarians maoli ma waena o nā manu ma ka nahele, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ola i 70 mau makahiki. Hiki i nā Cranes ke lawe mai i hua mai 6-7 mau makahiki o nā makahiki.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka mokulele keʻokeʻo?
Kiʻi hoʻāhewa: White Crane i ka lele
ʻO kahi kalaka keʻokeʻo he wahi liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia mau manu e nuku wale i ko mākou ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ʻelua wale nō ka nui o nā kalele keʻokeʻo. Kahi kaawale loa kēia mau kānaka mai kēlā me kēia. Ua māhele ʻia ka nūhou komohana mua i ka Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, ma ka Komi Republic a me ka ʻāina Arkhangelsk. ʻO ka lua o ka helu ʻana e manaʻo ma ka hikina, ʻo nā huaʻehā o kēia heluna kānaka i ka ʻākau ʻākau o Yakutia.
Aia ka ʻōiwi a ka ʻaoʻao komohana ma kahi kokoke o ka muliwai ʻo Mezen, a ma ka hikina i ka waikahe o nā kahawai ʻo Kunovat. A hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau manu ma ka Ob. Makemake ka poʻe hikina i ka pā ʻana i ka tundra. No ka loaʻa ʻana o Siberian Cranes koho i nā wahi neoneo me ke anuanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ia nā ʻāpana lima o nā kahawai, nā ʻōpū o nā lau ma nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo he mau manu manuahi i huakaʻi a holo lōʻihi i ka wā hoʻoilo i nā ʻāina mahana.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke loaʻa nā leʻa keʻokeʻo i nā ʻōpū o Inia a me ka Iran ʻākau. I ko mākou'āina, ʻo kēia hoʻoilo o Siberian Cranes ma mua o ke kahakai Shomal, aia i ke kai Caspian. ʻO Yakut cranes e like me ka hoʻoilo ma Kina, kahi i koho ai kēia mau manu i ke awāwa kokoke i ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze. I ka wā o ka honu ʻana o nā manu e kūkulu i nā nīnū ma luna o ka wai. No nā poʻe ulia e koho i nā wahi paʻa loa. Nui nā ʻuʻu o nā manu i haku ʻia. ʻO ka home o ka Siberian Cranes he puʻu nui o ka mauʻu lime, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai kahi kaumaha. Kuhi pinepine ka nīnū i 20 cm ma luna o ka pae wai.
ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe kahi e noho ai ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.
Ke kūlana ʻona
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo Sterkh e ke Kōmike no ka Hoʻōla ʻana o ka International Union no ka Hoʻohui ʻana i ke Kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me nā ʻĀina maoli i kekahi o nā ʻano ʻona o nā manu holoʻokoʻa a ʻoi loa ka hopena. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Sterkh i loko o ka Appendix I CITES a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻAmala Puka o ka Okrug o Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, ka Lūkini Lūkini a ma ka puke ʻaha Red Red o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (INCN) - EN list. I kēia manawa, koho ʻia ka helu o nā ʻano holoholona ma kahi o 2900-3000 mau kanaka. No ka hoʻopakele ʻana iā ia, ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi kuʻikahi International ma lalo o ka Sonn Convention ma ka Protection o Migratory Animals, e hui pū ai i nā ʻāina i kona ʻāina he nests (Russian Federation), ka hoʻoilo (India a me Iran) a me nā mea he neʻe iā (Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) ) ʻO Rūsia, kahi i hoʻopaʻa inoa i kēia kuʻikahi i ka makahiki 1993, he kuleana kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he nui wale nō o ka ʻāina ʻo Siberian Crane.
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Siberian Crane. Akā i ka manawa e hele ai ka lohi ʻana o ka ʻuʻina hihiu me ka manawa o ka hatching, lilo nā kaʻe i mea e hoʻopōʻalo ai, e alakaʻi ana i ka make ʻana i ka pili. Pau i ka hoʻoilo i nā makahiki maloʻo, lilo ke ʻano nui o ka pahu no ka nui o ke kaola i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika.
Kahele
Ka ʻāpana ʻāina ʻo Siberia wale nō i ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkia, a ʻo kona ʻano huluhulu ʻelua i hoʻomākahele ʻia i ʻelua iwi kaawale, i kapa ʻia ʻo Ob lāua ʻo Yakut. Noho ka ʻāina mua i ka palena piʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia, waiwai i loko o. Noho ka poʻe no ka Yakut i nā wahi he nui a ka puʻu a nā ʻōpala i nā tundra, nā kahelehe o ka nahele, a me nā taiga ʻākau nui loa, me ka nui o nā loko a me nā ʻōpala i hoʻonui ʻia me nā kahe wai.
Kahi hana
I ka manawa o ka punawai i loko o ka tundra me ka lā o ka lā, ua ikaika ʻo Siberian Cranes a puni ka uaki. Akā ma waena o 3 a me 5 o kakahiaka i ko lākou hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hiamoe. No ka hiamoe, e koho nā manu i nā wahi ākea, nā wai i loko o ka wai e loaʻa ma kahi o 100 m mai kahi pākīkī e pili kokoke ana i nā lāʻau. ʻO kahi Siberian Crane e hiamoe ana i hoʻokahi wāwae, e hūnā ana i kahi ʻē aʻe i ka plumage o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo i kēia manawa ma lalo o ka ʻēheu, ua kī ʻia ka ʻāʻī i ke kino. I kekahi manawa ke lele nei kahi manu ala i kahi ʻē a hana paha i kekahi mau neʻe me kona wāwae ʻoki. ʻAʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka hiamoe piha ma mua o 2 mau hola.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nui ʻo Siberian Cranes i nā lā a pau, e hoʻomaka ana me ka lā wela a hoʻopau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli.
ʻAno hānau
Kele aku ʻo Cranes i ka wā popoki i 6-7 mau makahiki, hiki i ka wā hānau no ke kau aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau makahiki. He manuahi kēia mau manu a hana i nā pālua ʻelua.
ʻOi aku lākou makemake e mālama i nā wahi ākea ma waena o nā ululāʻau taiga.
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā nests ma Yakutia ma 2.5 a 75 km, akā ʻo 14-20 mau ka lewa. I ka heluna o Ob, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulaula: ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā nests he 1.5 km, ka lōʻihi - 10 km.
ʻO ka pūnana Siberian Crane kahi kahua kahua pāpū nunui i hana ʻia i nā lāʻau sedge a loaʻa pololei i ka wai. Hiki i nā Cranes i nā pale hānai i nā koina like no nā makahiki he nui, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke anuanu kahiko i hiki i 120 cm. E like me nā cranes ʻē aʻe, paʻa maoli lākou i ka ʻāina a me ka mālama ikaika i kā lākou nā wahi huna.
Aia nā hua he 1-2 i ka pākiha o ka Siberian Crane, ʻo ka mea nui ka wahine e hoʻokūkū iā lākou, maʻamau ke kane ke hoʻololi i ka manawa pōkole i ke ahiahi. ʻO ka manawa inkubation he 27-28 lā. ʻOi ka nui o ka make kūlohelohe o nā pipi a me ka make o nā moa he nui loa, a ʻo ka pākēnē o nā manu hoʻoulu, he hōʻole. Pipi nui nā ʻōpiopio i kēlā me kēia, a hoʻomake mau loa ka pipi ʻōpio i ka muli loa. ʻO ka mahalo loa, ʻo ka hoʻonāukiuki o nā moa i hala pinepine i kahi makahiki he 40 mau lā. ʻO ke ola ʻana o nā polu ma hope kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻole ʻia. Haalele koke nā ʻohana i ka ʻāina pili a hānai i ka tundra ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana.
Ma ka lele, piʻi nā ʻimi i ka hapa mua o Dekemaba.
ʻAla kūwaho
Hoʻolako nui ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka Siberian Crane. No ka mea, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻonaninani maoli a koʻikoʻi loa i ka nui o ka lawena, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻoweliweli i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka hana hoʻomana. Ke waiho nei ka ʻāina, mālama ʻia ka teritori ma o ka dison unison, i hui pū ʻia me nā poses. ʻO nā mea hula o nā Cranes Siberian he piʻi nui, ʻewalu holo me nā ʻēheu e pāloʻi a huli ana. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoemi nui ʻia ka territoriality, ua mālama ʻia ʻo Siberian Cranes i nā pūʻulu, a ʻo nā hoʻonāukiuki hoʻoweliweli e mālama i ka ʻano hierarchical o ka hui.
ʻO ka moʻolelo ola ma ka Zoo
Hōʻike nui ʻia ʻo Siberian Cranes i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā zoza nui, no ka mea, ua ulu maikaʻi lākou.
ʻO ka Siberian Crane mua i kū mai i kā mākou zoo i 1987 mai ka Oka Reserve. Akā i hoʻokahi mau mahina ma hope mai, no laila, ua make ʻo ia mai kahi ulia. Loaʻa i ka makahiki ʻo Siberian Cranes hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō. ʻAʻole naʻe lākou i hānau ma ʻaneʻi. He kāne maikaʻi ia, akā, ʻaʻohe ʻano hānau. Eia kekahi, mālama mākou i kahi ʻano ʻo Siberian Crane me kahi beak i uhaʻi ʻia: i kēlā mau manu kūleʻa, ua haki pinepine ʻia nā beaks: ua kahe koke aku ia i nā limahana a me nā malihini. ʻO kēia no ka ʻike ʻana o nā kaila ma ka maʻamau ka hapa i ka nui o nā manu i hāpai ʻia e nā kānaka e ʻike i ke kanaka no ko lākou ʻano. A lilo ka manu i ka moekolohe, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pale i kona ʻāina mai nā kānaka o kāna ʻano iho, e komo pū me nā kānaka o kāna ʻano. A ʻo ka ʻoi loa aku o ka ʻā ʻana o nā kānaka i kona ʻāina, ʻo ka nui aʻe hoʻi e hoʻowahāwahā i kēia poʻe. No laila, ʻike nā kihi i ulu ʻia e ka poʻe e kūʻē i ka poʻe limahana e hānai ana iā lākou. ʻO nā wahi moa a mākou i hānai ai e hoʻomaka i ka hōʻike ʻino i mau makahiki 1.5 -2 mau makahiki. A noku e kūʻā aku, ua hoʻoku loa lākou i ka hoa paio me ko lākou mau wāwae me ka maʻa. I loko o ka martial arts aia kekahi ʻano "stork" - ʻo ia hoʻi, he hana kaaneʻe - i ko lākou kīwī ʻana i ka ʻenemi. Lele a ke crane a paʻakikī loa. Hiki i kahi lua nui ke kīkī i ka pōpō a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i nā kui kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ka zoo i nā Siberian Cranes, akā aia lākou i kā lākou zoo. ʻElua mau wāwae ʻelua. Ua hele mai nā manu a pau mai ka mokupuni ʻo Oka - kahi kahu lapaʻau kūikawā. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole i lanakila ka wahine hoʻokahi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mau kāne, no laila, ua loaʻa mai nā hua mai ia mai ka mea hoʻomāinoino maoli. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lawe ʻia ka insemination art a ʻaʻohe ʻano o kēia pālua. ʻO nā mahele ʻelua i hana pinepine ʻia, ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki kā lākou 1-2 mau moa.
No kahi ola maʻamau o kahi Siberian Crane, pono ke ākea ka pīpī ma loko o ka zoo - mai ka 50 a hiki i 100 mika square. mika, me ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu. Ua makemake ʻia kahi wai liʻiliʻi no ka mea aloha nui nā cranes i ka ʻauʻau, a me nā mea ulu. Ma ka hoʻopu, e hoʻomau mau ʻia ka lako hoʻokahe maʻamau maʻamau i kaulike ʻia nā mea momona a me nā protein. Hāʻawi i kahi lā, hāʻawi ʻia kahi mash māmele (iʻa, nāʻili palaoa, kāloti) i hoʻohui ʻia ka mea ʻai no ka friability. Loaʻa nā Cranes i nā kiʻī i kēlā me kēia lā - ʻo ia kā lākou meaʻai.
Hoʻokumu nā cranes nui i nā pālua mau. Aia ke ulia o nā pālua, e hoʻomaka i ka luku ʻana i nā cranes ʻē aʻe i loko o ka manuahi, e hoʻokuʻu wale ana i kāna wahi pānaʻi mai nā malihini ʻē aʻe .. ʻOiaʻiʻo nā kāne, akā inā make kekahi o nā hoapili, ʻo ke koena e noho mālie e hoʻololi pū me kekahi. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia kaʻoiaʻiʻo Swan.
ʻO ka paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana i nā cranes i ka pono e hoʻolako i kahi pānaʻi cranes me kahi aviary nui. Hiki i ke kaʻe o nā cranes ke lilo i pilikia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i kahi limahana e komo wale i ka aviary.
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka lewa kila e like me ke kānāwai - inā he kāne a he wahine, a laila pono mākou e hoʻāʻo e hana i pālua. Hiki ke kanu i nā Cranes i ka wā o ka ʻohi, ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hana hormonal. He mea kūkala e noho i nā manu no kekahi manawa ma o nā pahu (i nā mea hoʻokipa pili) a ʻike i kekahi.
Ke kanu mākou i nā kalake o Iapana, noho lākou ma kēlā me kēia i kekahi no ʻelua mau mahina, e nānā ana kekahi i kekahi ma o nā papa. I ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia ai lākou, hoʻomaka koke lākou e hana e like me ka wahine mare.
Akā e like mai i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe: ʻo Siberian Crane Libby, ma hope o ka noho ʻana, a hōʻoia i ke kāne no kekahi mau pule, a laila hoʻāʻo e pepehi iā ia. Ua lawe ʻia ka kāne mai ka manu aviary, a ʻo Libby i hoʻopio maoli ʻia i ka hana. Pānaʻi ʻo ia i nā hua a me nā moa aloha. Akā ʻaʻole pono ia i ke kāne. Ke halihali nei mākou i ka lawaiʻa kūloko o nā hae mai ka makahiki 1985. He maʻalahi kēia ʻano a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopaʻi i nā pilikia.
E nā malihini kipa, mai kiʻi ʻoe i ka manamana lima i ka poli me nā cranes - ulu ʻole kēia manu, a ʻo ʻoe a me ka beak o ka manu ke kaumaha.
ʻO keʻano
He manu nui: kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 140 cm, nā parirau 2.1-2 .3 m, nā momona 58.6 kg. ʻO ka huluhulu ma mua o ke poʻo a puni ka maka a me ka ʻukā e mau ʻole, ka ʻili ma kēia wahi i nā manu makua ua peʻe ʻia i kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ka huʻai. ʻO Beak ka lōʻihi (ʻo ka lōʻihi loa i waena o nā cranes) ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me ka ʻāeʻa ma ka hope he serrated. ʻO ke kapili o ka hapanui o ke kino ke keʻokeʻo, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā hulu ʻeleʻele mua o ke kauoha mua ma luna o nā ʻēheu. Pono nā wāwae, ʻulaʻulaʻula. I nā keiki ʻōpiopio Siberian ʻōpiopio, ʻulaʻula ka mua o ke poʻo, he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia ka plumage, me nā ʻala pale ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka iwi. ʻO kekahi manawa, loaʻa nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio keʻokeʻo Siberian me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ke kua, ʻāʻī a me nā ʻaoʻao. Pula nā maka o nā moa no nā mahina eono mua, a laila ʻulaʻula.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻano moʻomeheu pilikino (ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a loaʻa aku kahi beak. ʻAʻole ia i hana i nā subspecies.
He aha nā mea ʻaina keʻokeʻo?
Kuhi: White Crane mai ka Puke ʻaha
ʻO nā cranes keʻokeʻo he omnivores a ʻoi aku ka mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka papaʻaina o nā poli keʻokeʻo kahi:
- nā hua a me nā huaʻai e like me nā hua hoʻomā
- Nā baki a me nā amphibians,
- mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi
- nā manu liʻiliʻi
- iʻa
- hua o nā manu liʻiliʻi
- algae a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu wai,
- ka ʻōpala a me ka huehue,
- nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, nā hānai a me nā arthropod.
I ka hale maʻamau, ʻai pinepine lākou i nā meaʻai kanu a me nā hua. Ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻaiʻai makemake lākou e ʻai i ka iʻa, nā baki. I kekahi manawa rodents. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo ua ʻai lākou i ka mea a lākou e ʻike ai ma ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lele ka holo ʻana o nā poli keʻokeʻo i nā wahi o ka mea kanu a i ka noho o kahi kanaka i loko o nā makahiki o ka wī. ʻAʻole makemake nā manu i ka poʻe, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka ʻeha o ka make mai ka pōloli, ʻaʻole lākou e hele i kahi kanaka. Inā ʻike nā cranes i ka poʻe e kokoke ana i kā lākou pūnana, hiki i nā manu ke haʻalele i ka pili mau loa.
I kā lākou meaʻai, ua kōkua nui kā lākou ʻaka i nā cranes he nui loa. He hopu ʻo nā manu a pepehi i kā lākou ʻaiā me kā lākou beaks. Loaʻa ka iʻa mai Cranes mai ka wai me kā lākou beak. No ka hoʻopauʻana o nā rhizome, ʻeli nā cranes i ka lepo me kā lākou mau beaks. ʻO ka ʻili a me nā ʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi e huki ʻia e nā manu mai ka ʻāina ma ke pio ʻana, hānai nā manu me ka palaoa, nā iʻa, nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā hua. A loaʻa nō hoʻi i nā mea lawe pio i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻai o nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā huaʻai a me nā holoholona hānai. I ka ʻōlelo o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole i emi iki kahi meaʻai i ka mea a nā manu e ʻai ai ma ka hihiu.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
Ua ʻike maoli ʻo Sterkh i loko o Rūsia. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻelua mau wahi noho o kēia manu: ʻo ke komohana ma kahi o Arkhangelsk, ka Komi Komi a me ka Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina ma ka ʻākau o Yakutia. ʻO ka heluna kanaka mua, kahi kapa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ob", ua palena ʻia ma ke komohana e ka waha o ka muliwai Mezen ma ka hema o ke Kanin Peninsula, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai o ka muliwai Kunovat a me nā papa haʻahaʻa o Ob i ka Yamal-Nenets okrug. I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu o kēia heluna i nā ʻōpala o India (Keoladeo National Park) a me ʻArani ʻāiwa i waho o ke kahakai o ka Caspian Sea (Shomal). Aia ka laulā o ka ʻūlū hikina i pili i nā kahawai ʻo Yana, Indigirka, a me Alazeya ma Yakutia, ke lele nei kēia mau manu iā Kina no ka hoʻoilo, a hiki i ka waena waena o ke awāwa ʻo Yangtze.
Ma Yakutia, Siberian Cranes pūnana i ka noho ʻole ʻia, nā wahi i hiki ʻole i ka tundra, i nā wahi ʻāina pāpū loa, ma ka ʻāina Ob i waena o ka pulu lauwila i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wao hoʻopulipula.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻAoʻi: Kiʻi manu manuʻa
He manu weliweli nui nā Cranes. ʻO ka pinepine, luku nā moa Siberian Crane i kēlā me kēia wale nō i ka huki ʻana mai kahi hua manu. Kūleʻa kekahi Cranes i nā kānaka, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hana. He mea huna nui lākou, ʻaʻole e ʻae i ke alo o kekahi kanaka e kokoke mai ana. Ke koi nui nei nā cranes keʻokeʻo ma ka noho ʻana; e noho ana lākou i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā kahawai wai wai a me nā mākeke. I kēia hihia, ua koho ʻia nā muliwai pāpū wale.
He mea nui ia no kēia mau manu e pono ke loaʻa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai wai ma kahi kokoke. Hoʻokaʻa ʻia nā Cranes me ka wai, hana lākou i nā mea ʻino ma loko, a laila ʻoi mau ka manawa me ka lawaiʻa a me nā baki, e leʻaleʻa ana iā lākou iho i nā mea kanu wai. ʻO nā lau ʻenemi keʻokeʻo nā manu migratory. ʻO ke kauwela lākou e pīhoihoi ai ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Rūsia a ma ka Hikina Holo, lele a lele i nā'āina mahana no ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā manu ma kahi hana piliona, inā i ka wā e noho manu ai nā manu i ʻelua, i nā wā lele ke ʻano lākou e like me nā ʻohana manu. Pae aku lākou i kahi kalaka paʻa a hoʻolohe i ke alakaʻi. I ka wā hana ʻana, pili ka kāne a me ka wahine i ke ola ʻohana. Hoʻokūkū nā manu i nā ʻuʻuku, nānā pono pū me nā hua.
Holo aku nei ʻo Cranes i ka hoʻoilo ma ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa a hoʻi i kā lākou mau hale maʻamau ma ka hopena o ʻApelila a me waena o Mei. ʻO ka lele he lōʻihi e pili ana i nā lā 15-20. I ka wā o nā lele, lele nā cranes i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 700-1000 mika ma luna o ka lepo i ka wikiwiki o ke ana o 60 km i hoʻokahi hola ma luna o ka ʻāina a ma kahi o 100 km no kēlā me kēia hola ma luna o ke kai. I ka lā hoʻokahi, hiki i kahi ʻohana koholā ke lele a hiki i 400 km. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke mālama pū i nā ʻohana nui. Penei ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o nā manu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He manu haaheo nā Cranes, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā lālā loulou ma lalo o ko lākou kaumaha ʻaʻole ia no lākou.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Whakaahua kiʻi: Chick White Chick
Ua lele aku ʻo Cranes i kā lākou mau wahi huna i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hopena o ʻApelila a me Mei. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka lākou i ka hāmeʻa. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻohana, kahi hanana maoli ka hana mare i ka moʻolelo, i ka wā e pili ai nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā mele maikaʻi loa, e hana ana i nā leo maemae a nani. I ka wā mele, hoʻolaha pinepine nā kāne i nā ʻēheu i nā ʻaoʻao a hoʻolei i ko lākou poʻo, aʻo ka wahine i waiho i nā eheu i kahi kūlana. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke mele, ua hele pū ʻia nā pāʻani me ka haʻaheo hauʻoli, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kēia kanikani i kekahi o nā hoa inā he ikaika, a he lawelawe paha e hoʻoikaika i ka pilina ma waena o ka poʻe kūʻokoʻa.
Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻaʻe manu e nā manu ma luna o ka wai, kāne a male wahine i komo i kēia kaʻina. No hoʻokahi manawa moe, e hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua nui 2 e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 214 mau grika me ka hoʻomaha o kekahi mau lā. I kekahi mau poʻe, ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino, ʻo ia ka huaʻī i kahi hua hoʻokahi wale nō. Hāpai ʻia ka male ʻana o ka hua manu me ka wahine, ʻoiai ke hele pū ka kāne ke kōkua iā ia, ʻo ke kumu ʻo ia ke hoʻololi i ka wahine i ke ahiahi. Pau ka hana ʻo Hatching i hoʻokahi mahina. I ka wā hoʻoiho ʻana o nā hua a kahi wahine, ua kūpono mau ke kāne ma kahi kokoke a mālama i kona ʻohana.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, e hānau ʻia nā moa ʻelua.Mo ka 40 mua o nā lā he 40, ua hoʻonāukiuki loa nā moa i kēlā me kēia. I ka hapanui o ka manawa, make kekahi o nā moa, a ʻo ke kū ikaika hoʻi e noho ana. Akā inā e ola nā moa ʻelua i ka makahiki he 40, e pau nā pipi i ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o lākou iho a hana mālie. Ma nā hale kanu, kahi maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hua manu mai ka masonry a hānai ʻia ka moa e nā kānaka. I kēia hihia, e ola nā moa ʻelua. Hiki i nā Juveniles ke hahai i kā lākou mau mākua i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hū ʻana mai ka pūnana. I ka wā e hele aku nā moa i ko lākou mau wāwae, haʻalele ka ʻohana āpau i ka pūnana a hoʻi i ka tundra. Noho kēia mau manu ma mua o ka haʻalele no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻenemi keʻokeʻo
Kiʻi ʻākau: White Crane
ʻO nā manu keʻokeʻo ka nui a me ka nui o nā manu hihiu, no laila, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi ka Siberian Cranes i ka nahele. Ua liʻiliʻi kekahi mau holoholona e hoʻonāukiuki i kēia manu. Akā nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā paʻa o ka Siberian Cranes e pilikia mau i ka pilikia.
ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā Crane e like me:
Ua hoʻoweliweli ka nui o nā kahu manu i nā ʻōpala a hoʻoweliweli iā lākou e haʻalele i kā lākou mauhe, a makaʻu pinepine nā manu i nā kahu manu hale me nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio. Ke ola mau nei nā mea ola i ka pākeke, ʻaʻole lawa inā mālama ʻia ka lālani a ʻo ka ʻōpio o nā keiki hānau i make pinepine ʻia e ke poʻo. Eia naʻe naʻe, ua lilo ke kanaka i mea e ʻoi loa ka ʻenemi no kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ka poʻe ponoʻī, akā, ʻo kā mākou mea kūʻai aku mea i kau ka Siberian Cranes i ka hopena o ka hemo ʻana. Mālama ka poʻe i nā kahawai, nā wai maloʻo maloʻo i loko o nā wahi kūlohelohe o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻohe wahi no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hana ʻana no nā Cranes Siberian.
ʻO nā poli keʻokeʻo ka mea nui loa i ko lākou wahi noho a noho i kahi kokoke i nā loko, a ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole i nā kānaka. Inā maloʻo nā loko, a ʻimi nā manu, e ʻimi nā wahi i kahi kahu hou. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia, ʻaʻole hua mai nā manu i nā keiki i kēia makahiki. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, liʻiliʻi a emi iho nā pākeke, a ʻo nā ʻokiʻoki e ola ana ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa. I kēia mau lā, ua ulu nā heihei keʻokeʻo i ka pio. Ma nā kahu hānai, mālama nā mea kanu akamai ʻike i nā hua a me nā moa, a ulu a nā manu iā lākou, e hoʻouna iā lākou e noho ma ka nahele.
Ka pilikia a me ka palekana
ʻO ka nui o nā Cranes Siberian i ka nahele i ka honua he 2900-3000 wale nō ka poʻe, e kau ana iā lākou ma kahi mai ke kihi mai waena o nā ʻano crane a pau. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka o West Siberian Siberian Cranes i 20 mau kānaka, e kau ana i ka piha o kahi piha piha. He nui a koi ʻia nā manu ma kahi home a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻano mea kūpono loa no ka ola ma ka wai. ʻOiai i ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ko lākou wahi noho, ua hānai nā manu a ʻai wale i ka pō i loko o ka wai pāpaku.
Ma ka pilina me nā kūlana ola, pili pū kekahi mau hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi o ke ola ʻana o Siberian Cranes. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manu e neʻe i ka hoʻoilo i ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze ma Kina, kahi o ka lehulehu ka nui o ka lehulehu, urbanization, hoʻohana ʻāina ʻāina a me ka kūkulu ʻana o ka Three Gorges Hydroelectric Station e hōʻemi i ka wahi o ke ola o kēia mau manu. I nā pūnaewele huna, ka hana aila a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā ʻūpī i nā mea no ka kaohi ʻana o ka lehulehu. ʻO ke kanaka komohana ma loko o Rūsia, a ma Pakistan hoʻi, Afghanistan a me nā aupuni ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka ʻona o kēia mau manu.
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana e pale i ko Siberian Cranes i nā makahiki 1970, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka International Crane Protection Fund i ka makahiki 1973 a me ke kau inoa ʻana o ka ʻaelike Soviet-ʻAmelika e pili ana i ka Environmental Cooperation ma 1974. No ka kikoʻī, i ka makahiki 1977-1978, ua lawe ʻia nā hua he nui i kāhi ʻia i ka hale kanu kino hou i hana ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Wisconsin, mai kahi o nā puaʻa 7, kahi i hoʻokumu ai i ke kumu no ka nui o ka lehulehu o nā mea aloha briber Siberian Cranes. Ua hana ʻia kahi kahu hana ninaninau ma 1979 ma USSR, ma ka wahi o ke Oka Biosphere State Reserve.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka manaʻo o nā hua ʻelua ma hope aku i ola hoʻokahi wale nō ka pipi, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ornithologists i hoʻokahi hua manu a waiho i loko o kahi incubator. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pipi, ua hiki i ka wahine ke ʻoki hou i ka hua, a hele pū kēia mau hua no ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe. I kēia lā, mau tausani mau Siberian Cranes e mālama ʻia i loko o nā hale i Belgium, China, Russia a me USA.
Ma ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kahi kālā mālama, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau hana e mālama i ka nohona kūlohelohe o kēia mau manu. I ka makahiki 1994, ka International Crane Protection Fund, hui pū me ka Convention on Conservation o Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention, CMS) i hoʻopuka ʻia mai Kelemania. Hoʻomaopopo ka manaʻo o ka Polenepo ʻo nā Crane Protection, i haʻainoa ʻia e nā ʻāina 11, kahi ala a i ʻole e pili me kahi noho a me ka lele ʻana o kēia mau manu. I loko o ka hoʻolālā o kēia kuʻikahi, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo ka poʻe ornithologists mai Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan a me Uzbekistan e hui pū ai i nā makahiki ʻelua e kūkākūkā ai i nā ala e mālama ai i nā Siberian Cranes. ʻO kahi kūikawā kumuhana "Sterkh" (English Siberian Crane Wetland Project), kāna hana e mālama ai a hoʻihoʻi hou i ka poʻe Siberian Crane kokoke i ka ʻāina ʻo Yamal a hiki i ka pae kūloko kūloko kūlike.
I mea e mālama ai i ka nui o ka Yakut no Siberian Crane ma Kina, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi papa ʻāina no ka loko o ka loko o Poinhu. Ma Lūkini, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke State Natural Reserve o ka Repubalika o Sakha (Yakutia) Kytalyk, i hoʻohuli ʻia nei i loko o ke kahua kūloko, ke Kina Kōkua Kunovatsky ma ka moku ʻo Yamal-Nenets, a me ka Belozersky Reserve ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tyumen.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manaʻo keʻokeʻo?
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka lehulehu o nā kaila keʻokeʻo e puni ana i ke ao nei he 3,000 wale nō o ia. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ka lehulehu o nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Siberian Cranes he 20 wale nō o kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo o nā kānaka komohana o Siberian Cranes ma ka piha o ka huki a me nā mea e hoʻolālā ai ka hoʻomohala o ka heluna. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole makemake nā manu e pua i ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou wahi i kūkulu ai i nā nests. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā manu e ʻili e pili ana i ka noho.
I ka wā lele, a hoʻoilo, hiki i nā Siberian Cranes ke noho i loko o nā wahi like ʻole, akā pili wale kēia mau manu i ka wai papala, kahi e moe ai nā manu.
I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu i ke kahawai ʻo Kina kokoke i ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kēia mau wahi e nā kānaka, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina e kokoke ana i nā mea ʻokoʻa o Siberian Cranes e hoʻohana ʻia no nā māla mahiʻai. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Siberian Cranes i ka ʻāpana me nā kānaka.
Eia kekahi, i ko mākou'āina, i nā kahua hana, e lawe ʻia ka aila a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua. Ma Pakistan a me Afghanistan, ua ʻimi pinepine ʻia kēia mau manu, akā no ka mea i hala i ka makahiki 70, ua ʻānai ʻia ʻo ia no Siberian Cranes i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, helu inoa ʻia nā hua inoa Grus leucogeranus ma loko o ka Red Book a loaʻa ke kūlana o nā ʻano ʻai ma kahi o ka pau ʻana. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hana ʻia ka hana ikaika e mālama i kēia mau ʻano a me nā luna ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana crane. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi waihona mālama ma Russia. Ma Kina, ma nā wahi hoʻoilo o nā kalela keʻokeʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa hoʻolaʻa.
"Puʻuwai o ka Manaʻo"
Mai ka makahiki waena o 1990, ua hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia ma mua o 100 Siberian Cranes i loko o ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka make ma nā wai pōʻai manuahi i ka mea i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke ola he 50-70%. ʻO ka hala o ke ola o nā cranes i ulu ʻia ma mua o 20%. No laila, hoʻomaka nā ʻepekema i nā ala e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana e hoʻonui i ka nui o ke ola ʻana o nā moa hānau.
Nui loa nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā māka holo lōʻihi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ala neʻe i mea nui no nā haumāna puka.ʻO ka nele o ka lele holoʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele nui e hōʻemi nui i nā manawa kūpono o nā pēpē i hoʻokomo ʻia e ola ai. Ua hoʻoponopono ka poʻe loeaʻAmelika i kēia hopena: ua hoʻoholo lākou e alakaʻi i nā moa ma ke ala o ka neʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ke kōkua o kahi mea hoʻopale manu. ʻO ka mea nui o ke ʻano, ʻoiai, ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā, ʻike nā cranes i ulu i loko o ka mea hānai e hōʻike ana i ka hang-glider a ke alakaʻi o ka pā a e hahai iā ia i ka hoʻoilo, kahi hoʻi e hoʻomaha ai i ka hoʻomaha ma nā wahi kūpono i koho ʻia. Me kēia kumumanaʻo, ʻoi aku ma kahi o 90% o nā moa i hoʻoili ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo kūʻokoʻa ana i ka wahi e hoʻokuʻu ai. ʻO ka manawa mua, ʻo nā huakaʻi huakaʻi no ka manu e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka mea pīkīlani hangalelo ʻo Angelo D ʻAArrigo, ka mea i make ma ka 2006.
I ka makahiki 2001-2002, ua noiʻi nui nā ornithologists i Lūkini i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ke ala ʻAmelika e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka lehulehu o Siberian Siberian Crane poʻe a ua hoʻohiki ia. A ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi papahana kūikawā e hoʻolauna i kahi ala hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Flight of Hope". ʻO nā mea e hana i ka papahana ka Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, nā mea loea mai ka All-Russian Research Institute of Nature, Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Oka Biosphere State Reserve, ITERA Oil and Gas Company, Sterkh Fund, a me nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻumi o nā ʻāina o ka honua. ʻO ka luna hoʻonohonoho aupuni o ka papahana hoʻopakele Siberian Crane ʻo Alexander Sorokin, ke poʻo o ke keʻena ʻoihana ola ʻana o ka All-Russian Research Institute of Nature, ke Kuhina Kūlana Pūnaewele.
I ka makahiki 2006, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻelima hoʻokele wīwī ʻeneki a me ke kōkua o ia mau mea ua lawe ʻia ka Siberian Cranes i kahi mokulele lōʻihi. Ua lawe ʻia mai nā manu mai Yamal i Uzbekistan, kahi i hui ai lākou i nā ʻāpana hina hina, a hele pū lākou me ia no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO kekahi hana ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka mokulele o Siberian Cranes i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 2012. Ua lawe ʻia mai kahi ʻohana eono ʻo Siberian Cranes i Bidyzersky Federal Reserve ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tyumen, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻolohe nā poʻo hina i ka Siberian Cranes.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka poʻe pili i ka pilikia o ka poʻe ʻalowelua o Siberian Siberian Cranes, i ʻApelila 2012, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hoʻolaha pūnaewele kūʻokoʻa mai nā nests o Siberian Cranes ma ke kahua o Oksky - "Flight of Hope. OLI LOA. " I ka manawa maoli, me ka ʻole e lawe a hoʻoponopono, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ola o nā pālua ʻelua o ka Siberian Cranes - mai ke ʻano o kā lākou keiki i ke aʻo ʻana o nā moa i ka lele ma hope o kahi pōkā.
Ka pale ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manaʻo keʻokeʻo?
I ka makahiki 1973, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka International Crane Protection Fund. I ka makahiki 1974, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka palapala e pili ana i ka hana ma ka hoʻomalu mālama i ke kaiapuni ma waena o Soviet Union a me ʻAmelika. I ka makahiki 1978, ua hana ʻia kahi papa hoʻoneʻe kūikawā ma Winsicho State kahi i hoʻopuka ʻia ai nā hua manu, nā ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ma ka hihiu. ʻO Ornithologists mai USA e hānai i nā moa a lawe iā lākou i loko o ka nahele.
I kēia lā ma Lūkini, Kina, USA a me Belgium, ulu nā ornithologists i nā kūlau i nā kūlana o nā mālama. ʻO Ornithologists, ʻike maopopo e pili ana i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā moa, lawe i hoʻokahi huaʻi mai ka masonry a ulu i nā moa i kā lākou ponoʻī. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo nā ornithologists e hoʻopili i nā moa i kahi kanaka, a hoʻohana i nā huna kūleʻa kūikawā e mālama pono i nā moa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: No ka mālama ʻana i nā moa, hoʻohana nā ornithologist i nā kāmele manu keʻokeʻo kūikawā, hoʻomanaʻo kēia i ko lākou makuahine i nā moa. ʻĀpio aʻoi aku ka lele a me ke kōkua o ke kanaka. Lele nā manu no kahi mokulele mini, i lawe ai lākou no ke alakaʻi o ka pā. No laila hoʻolilo nā manu i ko lākou lele lele mua "lele o ka Hope".
A hiki i kēia lā, hana ʻia nā mea hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i ke kanu ʻana o nā pēpē i ka Oka Reserve. Eia kekahi, holo ka ʻaka ʻāina i ka ʻāina o Yakutia, ka Okrug Yamal-Nenets Autonomous a me Tyumen.
Kāleʻele keʻokeʻo he mau manu kupaianaha maoli, a he kaumaha ole no ka nui o kēia mau manu nani a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ko mākou honua. Ke makemake nei mākou e hānai ʻole ʻia nā hana o nā ornithologists, a ʻo nā moa i hoʻāla ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana e noho i loko o nā holoholona hihiu.
Ma ka moʻomeheu
No nā kānaka maoli o Siberia - nā Ugians, Nenets, ʻoi aku - ʻo ka Siberian Crane - he manu laʻa, he totem, he ʻano i ka moʻo, hoʻomana, nā hana hoʻolauleʻa, me nā lā hoʻomaha o Bear. I ka wā hana o Siberian Cranes, lilo kā lākou wahi i nalo ai kahi i lilo ai. No laila, ʻaʻole i waena o ka Yakuts, Evens, Evenks, Yukagirs, akā i waena hoʻi o nā poʻe o Western Siberia, he manaʻo ia e hui pū ana me Siberian Crane nā hanana maikaʻi, a ʻo kēlā hōʻeha i hana ʻia ai ka leʻa keʻokeʻo e hoʻopilikia ai. ʻO ke kahuna pule o Sakha ʻo Aiyy Umsuur Udagan ka mea kia kia ʻo ka pou ma ka ʻōlelo a Dyilga-toyon, āna i kākau ai me ke koko mohai, e lilo ai ʻo Nyurgun i poʻo nui no ka ʻohana Sakha. I nā mele a me nā mana kaulana o nā Sakha-Yakuts "Olonkho", he manu ka Siberian Crane, ʻo ke kiʻi kahi i lawe ʻia e nā lani shamans a me nā mea nani honua. ʻO ka poʻe Hungarian i hele mai mai Siberia a ʻoi aku hoʻi i hoʻopakele ai nā Savirī i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka kilokilo o nā cranes keʻokeʻo i ka moʻolelo o Lūkia a me ʻEulopa.
Sterkh: nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
No ka Siberian Crane nā ʻohana Cranes, ka ʻohana Cranes. He nui ka manu - ua ulu kona ulu ʻana mai hoʻokahi haneri a me kanahā he kanaono kenimita, ke kaupaona ʻana he ʻewalu kilo. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka lua pele mai ka ʻelua haneri a ʻumi a i ʻelua haneri a me kanakolukumamākahi, e hilinaʻi ana i ka heluna kanaka.
Hiki i ka wā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ke keʻokeʻo ke hana ʻana i nā mokulele lōʻihi. He mau ʻino a make ʻo Siberian Crane ma Rūsia. Ke nānā loiloi nei kēia mau manu e nā ornithologists.
Kāleka
ʻO ka ʻāpana keokeo (Siberian Crane) kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka huki ʻana iā ia me kekahi manu ʻē aʻe - he beak lōʻihi ʻulaʻula, nona nā ʻokiʻoki i kona ʻaoʻao. ʻAno ke alo o ka maka a me ka beak, ʻaʻohe nā hulu, a hoʻomo ʻia ka ʻili i ke kumu ʻulaʻula nui a ʻike ʻia mai ka lōʻihi.
Ma ke kino, ʻeleʻele nā hulu ma ka ʻelua mau lālani, ma luna o nā ʻēheu ma nā kihi, ʻelua mau lālani. Pono nā wāwae, ʻulaʻula. ʻO lākou nā mea kōkua maikaʻi loa o ka Siberian Crane ma nā ʻāina kau: hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe e neʻe i luna o nā hummocks i loko o kahi quagmire viscous.
I ka mua, he uliuli nā maka o nā moa, a laila loaʻa iā lākou ka waihona melemele. ʻO ke kao keokeo (Siberian Crane) e ola no ʻehiku mau makahiki, me ka hoʻokumu ʻole i nā huaʻōlelo.
Hoʻaiho
I kēia wā, aia ʻelua mau kaanake o kēia ʻano. Noho kekahi i loko o ka mokuʻo Arkhangelsk, a me ka lua - ma ka okrug Yamal-Nenets. He manu mālama maikaʻi loa kēia - ʻo Siberian Crane. ʻO ka momi keʻokeʻo, kahi wehewehe pōkole i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka ʻatikala, ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā mea āpau e pale aku ai i ka hālāwai ʻana i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole lapuwale kēia: ma hope o nā mea pōkole ma nā wahi he nui ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻole.
Inā hoʻomaopopo ka manu i kahi kanaka, e haʻalele iā ia i ka pili. Hiki i ka Sterkh ke hoʻolei wale i nā pipi wale, akā ʻo nā pipi ʻehā. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonāukiuki i nā manu i kēia manawa. ʻO ka mokulele keʻokeʻo (Siberian Crane), e hānai wale ana ma Rūsia, hiki i ka hoʻoilo ma Azerbaijan a me India, Afghanistan a me Mongolia, Kina a me Pakistan. I ka hoʻomaka mua o Malaki, ua hoʻi ka cranes i ko lākou ʻāina.
Ma Yakutia, huakaʻi ka Siberian Crane i nā wahi mamao o ka tundra a koho i nā māla mauʻu a me nā ulu lāʻau ʻole e hoʻonoho ai. Maanei ke noho nei a hiki i ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka Papa Hoʻopau o Lūkia: Kālepū Keokeo (Siberian Crane)
ʻO Sterkh ka manu nui loa o kāna ʻohana. Ke alakaʻi ia nei i kahi ola wai, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi i ka hana a hoʻopakele i kēia ʻano holoholona mai ka huki ʻana. I kēia manawa o ka nui o ka helu Yakut ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ʻekolu tausani mau kānaka. No nā West Siberian Siberian Cranes, he kūlana nui ke kūlana: ʻaʻohe kaʻoi aku o ka iwakālua o ka poʻe i koe.
ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka pale o nā kaila keʻokeʻo i mālama ʻia i ka makahiki 1970. Nui nā hale kanu a me nā kālā mālama i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi i ulu ai nā ornithologists i kēia mau manu mai nā hua. Ua aʻo lākou i nā moa e lele ma ka lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, e waiho mau ka hoʻoweliweli e pau nā lei keʻokeʻo (Siberian Crane) i nalo. Ua hoʻopiha hoʻi ka Red Red Book (honua) i kāna papa inoa me kēia mau mea makaʻu ʻole. Ke kāohi ʻia nei i kēia mau manu.
Lana no ka hanau hou
Mai nā makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa o ka kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau kūloko keʻokeʻo i ulu i nā kahu hānai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kai kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi nā pipi i kēlā (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20%). ʻO ke kumu o kēlā makeʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka make ʻole o ka hoʻokele kaʻa, aʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma ka lele ʻana, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mākua ma vivo.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia pilikia e hoʻoponopono e nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika. Hoʻomoe lākou i kahi hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka ʻano o ke ʻano e hana ai i nā moa ma ke ala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻenehana hoʻokele. Ma Lūkia, i kahi papahana like like, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "Flight of Hope."
Ua kūkulu ʻia he ʻelima mau wili motors i ka makahiki 2006, a me kā lākou kōkua, ua lawe ʻia ka ʻōpio Siberian ʻōpiopio ma kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi mai Yamal a Uzbekistan, kahi i noho ai nā hina hina, a ʻo ka Siberian Cranes e hele pū me lākou i ka hoʻoilo. I ka makahiki 2012, ua komo ʻo Pelekikena V. Putin i ia ʻano papahana. Akā no kekahi kumu, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻāpono nā popo hina i ka Siberian Cranes, a ua koi ʻia nā mea ornithologists e lawe i ʻehiku moa i ka Belozersky Reserve ma Tyumen.
ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi
- Ma India, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Siberian Crane he manu lili. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Indira Gandhi i kahi kauoha (1981), e hana ʻia ai ke kahua ʻo Keoladeo ma kahi o ka hoʻoilo i nā kaila keʻokeʻo, kahi i mālama ʻia ai ke ʻano ikaika a mālama ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana o kēia mau manu nani.
- Kūpono ka keokeo keʻokeʻo (Siberian Crane) i ke ala lōʻihi loa, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano ʻano cranes ʻē aʻe: ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima a me ka hapa mau tausani mau kilomita. I ʻelua manawa i kēia mau manawa, lele nā cranes ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻeiwa.
- Ma Dagestan, kahi o ka ʻāina ʻo Siberian Cranes i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi moʻomeheu maikaʻi ʻo Siberian Cranes nā ʻuhane o nā koa make. Kūkulu ʻia ka moʻolelo i ke kumu o ke mele kaulana, nā huaʻōlelo a i kākau ʻia e Rasul Gamzatov.
- I ka manawa hana, moe hiamoe nā kālena keʻokeʻo ma mua o ʻelua mau hola i ka lā.
- No ka poʻe Mansi a me Khanty, he manu keʻokeʻo ka manu keʻokeʻo, he tribal totem, kahi ʻano nui i nā hana hoʻomana.
- ʻAʻole ʻo Khanty e hoʻopilikia i ka Siberian Crane: aia kahi kapu i kākau ʻia ma ke kipa ʻana i kēlā mau wahi kahi e kahe ai nā kaila keʻokeʻo i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela.
- Manaʻo ka poʻe Ornithologists i ke ʻano o nā "makua makua" a me ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio i ka mea i lilo i mau ala ʻoi loa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau manu. I ka hihia mua, hiki ke kau i nā hua o nā poli keʻokeʻo i nā nest o nā palu hina. Ma ka lua, e hānai ʻia nā ʻōpio i ke kaena, i ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana mai ka pilina me nā kānaka. A laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia iā lākou i nā hīlau hihiu pakeke.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā Ornithologists i nā hana e kuhikuhi ana i ka mālama ʻana i kēia manu nani. Manaʻo mākou e hoʻomau ka paʻakai keʻokeʻo (Siberian Crane), ka wehewehe o kā mākou i hāʻawi ai i kēia ʻatikala, e mālama ʻia a e ʻoliʻoli ka manu nani iā mākou me kona helehelena i kahi wā lōʻihi.