ʻO ʻoe ʻoe ma ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi, bask i ka lā a i ka moeʻuhane e noho ana ma kēia wahi nani.

A hiki i kahi e kū ai - nā ʻāʻaka mai kahi āu i hoʻopuni ai mai kou lā ʻōpū. Aloha, ʻoluʻolu, eia kā ʻo ka mea kūleʻa ʻo Hawaiʻi e ku nei.

ʻAʻole hīmeni kēia mau manu e mālama wale i ko lākou manaʻo i nā hana hui.

ʻO ka poli maʻamau ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā veins ʻulaʻula, nā pāpālina, ke ʻākio a me ka huelo he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka puaa, akā e maʻalahi ka kumu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke e piʻi i ka 63cm.

He ʻano hoʻohuli maoli ʻo Hawaiʻi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kā lākou neʻe i ka lewa i ʻekolu mau ʻano:

1. Nā lewa i ka lewa e hoʻolaha i nā ʻēheu, e piʻi ana me kahi maka weliweli.

2. E lele koke i ka lele me nā lehe lele, nā mea kūʻokoʻa o kēia holo e lele i ka 40 mau hola i ka hola.

3. E hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hāʻule i lalo i ka wikiwiki o 100 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola e hopu ai i ka mea pio.

Ua noho nō ka Hawaiʻi a ka ʻāloʻi i luna i nā lei o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a lele paha ma luna o ka wai, e ʻimi ai i ka waiwai.

Paʻu ia i ke ola kai, makemake nui i ka iʻa, akā ʻaʻole ke keʻa i ka ʻaina ʻole like ʻole me nā meaʻala like i ke ʻano nui, nāhesa, nā nū moana, nā manu wai a me nā mane.

ʻO kekahi mau manawa e haʻi ana ka huaʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi i ka manu mai ka ʻai, e like me ke haumāna e ʻaihue i ka meaʻai mai ka poʻe ʻē aʻe ma kahi hale kūʻai.

He lōʻihi kēia manawa hoʻoulu, hoʻomaka ma Mei a mau i ka ʻOkakopa. ʻOi loa ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne aloha e kali nei i ko lākou mōʻī; e male kāne lākou me hoʻokahi kāne.

NotAole këia hui altyana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻuʻuku ma kahi lāʻau i kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i luna paha o ka pali. Ma nā pipi e ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau hua manu.

Males o ko ka screamānaka hanohano Hawaiʻi no ko lākou hana, no laila ke kōkua nei i ka wahine i ka hēʻī i nā hua.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu hipa ma mua o 120. Ua ʻokiʻake ʻo Madagasikara i ka ʻaeto i kahi pōʻino, no laila ke kau ʻia nei ma ka papa inoa ʻo IUCN Red me ke kūlana - he kūlana koʻikoʻi.

ʻAʻole makemake nā manu i ka pua a ma muli o ka polū o ke kanaka, e noʻonoʻo nei i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā lākou keiki. ʻO ka ʻōʻā ʻo ka ʻolopela ʻo Hawaiʻi ke kuleana nui ma mua o kekahi mau mākua.

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Noho nui ʻo ia ma Kanada a me USA, i kekahi manawa e komo ana i nā moku ʻākau o Mexico. Ma kahi o kēia mau ʻāina, ua ʻaʻo nō hoʻi ka manu i nā mokupuni o Farani e pili ana ʻo Saint-Pierre a me Miquelon. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ka ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻike nui loa o nā wahi papa i mālama ʻia ma nā kahakai o ke kai a me nā loko o nā loko a me nā ʻāpana nui. Ma ke komohana o ka kahawai, e noho holo ka leaka i loko o ke kahawai o ka Pakipika mai Alaska i Oregon, a me ka mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. Nui ka nui o nā ʻaeto ma nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma Idaho, Montana, Wyoming a me Colorado. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu ma Florida (ʻoi ka lua o ka lehulehu ma hope o Alaska), ma nā kahawai o ka Luʻu Chesapeake a ma ka Nui Great Lakes. Loaʻa nā lehulehu liʻiliʻi ma Baja Kaleponi, Arizona, New Mexico, Rhode Island a me Vermont. Ma Kanada, ua hele ka manu i loko o nā kahe i Arctic ʻākau ma ke kahawai ʻo Anderson River a me ka waena o ke komohana komohana o ka Pae Hudson. ʻO nā huakaʻi Random ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Bermuda, nā US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Belize a me Ireland.

Hoʻomili ʻia nā mea noho o ka ʻaeto bald i kahi kino wai nui - ka moana, kahi estuary, loko nui a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai. I nā kūlana o ka wai loko o loko, ʻo ke kahakai ʻo ʻoe ka liʻiliʻi o 11 km, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻikepā wai ākea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka pā hānau he 8 ha. Ke koho ʻana i kahi waihona wai, nui ka nui o nā pāʻani ʻokoʻa a ʻae ʻia e pili ana i ka mea nui - ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi noho. ʻO Orlan, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻomaha a me nā nu ma kahi ululāʻau māla me ka nui o nā lāʻau coniferous a me ka lāʻau lāʻau. No ka hoʻokolohua a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana, hoʻohana ʻia i kahi lāʻau ikaika a ākea pinepine. I ka wā mālama, e pale aku i nā ʻāina moʻomeheu a maʻamau nā wahi e kipa ʻia ai e nā kānaka, ʻoiai inā he loaʻa nā mea ʻai e kokoke mai ana. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka wahi meaʻai ma nā wahi a pau; ʻo nā helu i ʻike ʻia ma ka 2.6 km 2 ma ka paia Klamath Lake o Oregon ma kahi o 648 km 2 ma Arizona.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka neʻe i luna e hilinaʻi i kekahi mau mea, e komo ai ke ʻano o nā pilikia, ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai, ka wahi o ka wahi hoʻomake a me kona makahiki o kekahi kanaka. Inā uhi piha ka papa wai o ka kahawai i ka hau, a laila pau nā ʻōkolu a pau e noho ana iā ia a waiho i ka ʻona a neʻe i ke kai kahakai a i ʻole hema i nā pupuʻu me ke anuanu. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, i ka wā i ʻae ai nā kūlana ʻai (no ka laʻana, ma nā kahakai o ke kai), ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o nā pākeke ka iwi i ka hoʻoilo ma ka wahi kūʻai.

ʻO ka loa ākea o ke kino e hiki ke 70-120 cm, nā pale e 180-230 cm, ke kaumaha 3-6.3 kg. He ʻaneʻane nui ka hapa o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻOi ka nui o nā manu i hoʻoili ʻia ma ka ʻākau o ke kahuni o ka ākea ka nui i like me nā manu e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu o ka ulu. He nui ka beak, hookukū ia, i ka manu pākeke i ʻō ia i ke kukui melemele. ʻO nā mea e ulu ana ma luna o nā kahe super o ka ʻōpū, he ʻano i hiki ai i ka manu. ʻO nā wāwae o ka kala like me kahi beak, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka plumage. ʻO nā manamana lima a 15 cm lōʻihi, ikaika, me nā puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi. Me nā manamana lima mua, hopu ka manu i ka mea ʻai, aʻo ka clag maikaʻi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi e hoʻomā ana i kāna mau mea pono. ʻO ka Tarsus, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻaeto, ke hōʻike piha. Paʻula ka lua. ʻO nā ʻēheu he laulā a puni, ʻo ka huelo o ka lōʻihi o nā wīwī. Hana ka huluhulu hope loa i ka ʻaeto i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki eono o ke ola. Mai kēia wā lā, kū nā manu me ke poʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka lāho ma kahi kūlike brown brown, aneane ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o ke koena o ka plumage. Hoʻokahi ka lele, ʻaʻole kalai ʻia, me nā ʻalā ʻē aʻe o nā ʻēheu. Ke hāpai ʻia nei, e kau ʻia nā ʻēheu ākea i nā kihi ʻākau i ke kino, a ke alo nei ke poʻo.

ʻOiai ke ʻano nani loa, ʻōwili nāwaliwali o ka ʻaeto huluhulu. ʻO ka manawa pinepine hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kahi ʻū nui a i ʻole ka uhai, i hoʻouna ʻia e like me ka "kick-kick-kick-kick". Ma kahi o ka hoʻōho kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokaʻawale nō hoʻi lākou i nā mea hōʻiki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka mea i hoʻouna ʻia e like me "pehea-pehea-pehea-pehea". He ʻōpiopio maikaʻi ka manu ʻōpiopio. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wā o ka "hoʻololi o ka mākaʻi" ma ka pūnana, a me nā wahi o ka hālāwai nui nui ʻana o nā manu ma ka hoʻoilo.

E like me nā ʻaeto ʻē aʻe, e ʻai nui ka poʻo make, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea ʻai nui ma nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi. ʻO kekahi manawa hele, ʻoluʻolu e lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe a ʻai paha i ka kalima. Ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike o 20 mau haʻawina ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka awelika ka hōʻike ʻo 56% ka iʻa o ka iʻa (pink salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, Pacific herring, Pacific gerbil, chukuchan nui, American shad, carp, dorosome, aʻai āpau, trout, mullet, eel. , ka pailima, a,)., 28% mai ka moa (grebes, crests, ducks, geese, gulls, coots, herons), 14% mai nā mammals (hares, rabbits, squirrels, ground squirrels, rats, raccoons, muskrats, ʻōpio'ōpio'ōpio,) e 2% mai nā hui holoholona ʻē aʻe (nā ʻōpū wai, nā lau, nā ʻĀmia a me lūlū). Hoʻololi kēia ʻano like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka teritorial a me manawa o kahi kīnā.

Paʻi pinepine ka aeto i ka wai pāpaku, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka iʻa ma ka pā loa o ka waiwai. ʻO ke ala nui o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai, ua like like me nā loio hopu o ka osprey - ʻike ʻia kahi eeto i ka mea mai ka lā kiʻekiʻe, hāʻule i lalo me kahi pōhaku a hopu iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu koi, ʻoiai e maloʻo ka uhi hulu nui. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mokulele lawaiʻa he 120-160 km / h, ka maʻamau maʻamau e 56-70 km / h. ʻO kahi maʻamau, he manu a lele i ka wai a peku i ka palaoa i hala. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia iā osprey, ʻikea ka ʻaeto i nā mea nui aku a me, me kona mau mākia ikaika, hiki ʻole ke hopu i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka paona o ka kaumaha e paʻa nei ma ka maʻamau he loli ka 1 a me ka 3 kg. Maʻalahi loa ka pohihihi hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi wai i ka wai, a i kēia hihia, lele maikaʻi ke manu me kahakai, ke ʻole ka make mai ka hypothermia i ka wai wai moka. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka limahana ʻana i kekahi manawa ke kipa kekahi o nā manu o ka pālua i ka mea pio, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻouka mai ia i hope. ʻO kēia ala ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻāina nui, e like me ka hare a i ʻole he heron. Hiki i nā ʻōlima ke hopu i nā manu hulu i ka lewa, ʻoiai ʻoi mau lākou i ka mea kahaha i ka ʻāina a i ka wai. I ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka pīpī, hiki i kahi mea kuhi ke lele mai luna mai lalo, e lele i ka lewa a hoʻopaʻa i kona mau ʻaka i ka umauma. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻano hana me nā waikiki diving: ʻōwali ka manu ma luna o kahi mea make, koi ʻia iā ia e peʻe ma lalo o ka wai. Ma hope o nā huakaʻi he nui, lilo ka manu nāwaliwali i mea pio no ka mea hoʻoiho. Ke lawe ʻana i ka waiwai pio i kahi wana manu a i ʻole ka lāʻau, hoʻomaka ka manu i ka ʻai, ke kāohi ʻana ma ke kākoʻo me ka wāwae hoʻokahi a ʻoki i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻoma pinepine pinepine nā poʻe e ʻimi e hoʻopili i kahi manu hānai, no laila e ʻimi ana ka ʻaeto i hopu i ka mea i pio i kahi ma kahi wahi. Hiki i kekahi kilokona meaʻai ke mālama i ke goiter no kekahi mau manawa, i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana o ka manu i ka pōloli no kekahi mau lā.

E like me ka hapa nui o nā manu hawk, mau ʻaila ʻuʻuku nā holoholona monogamous: ʻo nā kāne a pau me ka wahine hoʻokahi. Ua manaʻo paʻa ʻia ka poʻe hoa e mālama i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo "male" i ka holo ʻana i ko lākou ola. Akā nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei kēia: inā hoʻi ʻole kahi manu i ka hoʻi i ka wahi i ulana ai ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻimi nei ka lua ma kahi hoa hou. ʻAno hoʻi ka poipo i ka wā hiki ʻole iā lāua ke hānai i ka hua hānau. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā paila ʻelua i loko o ka papa hana a i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻano pālua ma ka lele hōʻike hōʻike ʻana o nā manu ʻelua, i ka wā e alualu ai lākou i kēlā me kēia, e hana ana i nā hiʻu hohonu a huli i lalo.

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka nīkala ma Florida i ka hopena o Kepakemapa-ka mua o Okatoba, ma Ohio a Pennsylvania hoʻi i Pepeluali, ma Alaska ma Ianuali, akā i kēlā me kēia mea ke manaʻo nui ma mua o ka hapanui o nā manu hopu i ia wahi. He iwi ulu nunui o nā lālā a me nā pua, pinepine i loaʻa i ka lei o ka lāʻau ola kiʻekiʻe me ka hiki ʻole o ke ala, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau hola mai ka wai hū. ʻO nā kumu i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ka nalo o ka aeto nui loa i waena o nā manu āpau o ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki pinepine iā ia ke hiki i ka 2.5 m i ka lōʻihi, 4 m ke kiʻekiʻe a kaupaona paha e pili ana i kahi ton. Me ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou, lilo ka pā i ka ulu ʻana o kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki ke haki i nā lālā e paʻa ana, a e haki hoʻi i ka puʻe ikaika o ka makani. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā ners i hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he mau. Ma nā hihia kūʻokoʻa loa, inā ʻaʻohe ʻano lāʻau ʻole o ka mea kanu, e like me ka mokupuni o Amchitka (Aleutian Islands), hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka manu ma kahi pali pōhaku a i ʻole i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ai ke kō nā ʻāina ākea. Ma ka nahele ʻo Sonora, kahi ʻike nā lāʻau nui loa a manuahi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kumu nui e mālama ʻia e ka mauʻu, ka ʻōpala, ka lau maloʻo a me nā mea like like. Mālama nā mākua i ka hana hana, hiki i ka mau lā a hiki i 3 mau mahina, akā, pili ka wahine i ka waiho ʻana i nā lālā. ʻOiai ke hana nei ka hana nui ma mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu, a ma hope o nā manu ʻelua o ka pālua e hoʻoikaika hou i ke ʻano paʻa. Ma ke ʻano o ka ulana nui, ma loko o ia wahi paha he nui a keu paha paha nā mea e hoʻohana ai nā manu i kēlā manawa i kēia manawa, i ka wā ma hope o ka make o ka masonry kumu maoli.

Ka waiho ʻia o nā hua he 1-3 mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kūkulu ʻana i ka pili. Ma ka waiho piha, ma ke ʻano he lula, ʻo ka 1-3 (ka pinepine o 2) mau hua e kau ai ma waena o ka lā a i ʻelua paha. Inā no kekahi kumu o ka nalowale ke komo mua ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻopiʻi hou. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe tauira, he ʻano oval me kahi ākea. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻĀina he 58–85 x 47–63 mm. ʻO ka nui, a me ka lehulehu o ka hua manu, e kū nui ana ka hoʻonui mai ke kūkulu hema i ʻākau e like me ka nui o nā manu i ko lākou iho. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka incubation ma kahi o 35 lā. Hatching, me ka mālama ʻana i ka hua, ʻo ka wahine nui, ʻo ke kāne wale nō ke hoʻololi iā ia mai kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka hana nui o ke kāne ke kiʻi i ka hānai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻīlio ma ke kauoha like e kau ʻia ana nā hua, a he ʻokoʻa ka like ʻole o ka nui. ʻO nā pēpē i ʻike ʻia e uhi ʻia me ka fluff a ʻaʻohe hapa, no ka ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule paha e noho mau ana kekahi o nā mākua i loko o ka pūnana - ʻo ia ka wahine nui, ʻoiai ke kāne kāne e hana pū ana i ke kaona o ka ʻohi a i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai nā waiwai no ka pā. Kuʻi nā loio i kēlā me kēia no ka komo ʻana i ka meaʻai, a make pinepine nā ʻōpio i ka pōloli. I ka lā ʻelima a ʻeono paha wiki, haʻalele nā ​​mākua i ka nalo a maʻamau ʻo ia i kokoke i kahi lālā. I ka hopena o kēia manawa, aʻo nā mea ʻōpio e haehae i nā ʻāpana o ka meaʻai a lele ma ka lālā a i ka lālā, ma hope o 10-12.5 mau pule a lākou i lele mua ai. Ma ka hapalua o nā pīpī, ʻaʻole ka maikaʻi ka hoʻāʻo mua e lele i loko o ka lewa a hāʻule lākou i ka lepo, kahi i hoʻolilo ai ka manawa a i kekahi mau pule. I ka ʻike ʻana e lele, lele nā ​​moa i kahi mau keiki 2-11 kokoke i ko lākou mau mākua ma mua o ka holo ʻole ʻana a kūwaha. Ma ka hapalua o nā ʻaeto e hoʻokuʻi e hana hou i ka lua o ka brood i ka makahiki.

(Haliaeetus pelagicus)

Mākaʻi ʻia ma ka puke ʻo Kamchatka a me ke kahakai o ke Kai o Okhotsk. Noho ka noho i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Koryak Upland (a hiki i ka waena waena o ka muliwai Apuki), ke awāwa o ka muliwai Penzhina, a me ka mokupuni ʻo Karaginsky. Loaʻa ia ma ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka Amur, ma ka ʻĀkau Sakhalin, nā Shantar a me Kuril Islands, a me Korea hoʻi. I kekahi manawa e lele ka lele ʻana o ka ʻaihue ʻana o ka Steller i ʻAmelika Komohana, Iapana a me North China. Ma waho o ke kaona o Rūsia, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻaeto o ka moku o Steller i loko wale nō o ka manawa o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā ʻōkelē ma nā kahakai o ka moana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā taiga ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻAla Hikina a me Iapana, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā hui o nā manu 2-3. Noho ka noho ʻana o nā awāwa lalo me nā wao nahele, nā kahakai, ke kahakai, a me nā kahakai o nā loko nui. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā wai wai me nā iʻa i loaʻa, ʻoi aku ka salmon, he mea waiwai ʻole i ke ola o nā eʻele a Steller.

ʻO ka loa o ka manu he 85-105 cm, nā parirau 195-250 cm, ke kaumaha 7.5-9 kg. I nā manu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ke kala ka mea i hui pū ʻia me kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele me ka keʻokeʻo (akā aia kekahi ʻano ʻāpana ʻulaʻula hoʻokahi). ʻO ka mua, ka plumage o ka wāwae haʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi a me ka uhi e uhi ʻana i nā ʻēheu, me ke aniani o ka ʻūhā ke keʻokeʻo, ʻo ka koena o ka plumage he ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā poʻe ʻōpio o ka makahiki mua o ke ola he brown me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o nā hulu a me ka buffy variegated. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine like ʻole, ʻo ke kapa hope loa i ʻaʻahu ʻia i ka makahiki ʻekolu. He ʻulaʻeleʻele ka anana, ka melemele ke ākea-keʻokeʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka wāwae a me nā wāwae, ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ke kumu o ke kōpana kaialeka. Eia kekahi, hoʻouka lākou i nā kuʻi ʻōpio, nā manu (capercaillie, ke kīkēkē, nā pōpoki, nā gulls), nā mammals (hares, ka ʻalopato Arctic, ermine, sable), nā invertebrates moana (bivalves, cephalopods, crabs), kaʻai kai, a me nā kūʻai wai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoʻo salmonid spawning, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka aʻe kai ʻana o Steller i ʻai iā lākou, ʻaʻole wale ka iʻa ola, akā make wale nō, spawning, a makemake pinepine ʻole. ʻO ka pinepine loa, ʻo ka ʻai o ke kai a Steller i hoʻoiho mai nā māla kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka pali pōhaku i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5-30 m. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu, ka holo lele ʻana i ka lewa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 6-7 m ma luna o ka wai.I kekahi manawa hopu lākou i ka iʻa me nā pua, e kū ana i ka wai pāpū ma kahi one.

ʻO kēia mau manu monogamous. Hoʻomoe ka kāne Matrimonial i nā makahiki heʻoi aku o ka 4 mau makahiki, i kēlā manawa ke kūkulu nā ʻālepala e kūkulu i kahi hanana hoʻomana i ka wā o ka hāʻule, kahi kahi ʻole lākou e hoka ai. Hoʻomaka nā pāʻani pāʻani i ka lā Malaki. Ka hele ʻana ka make ma ka pū. ʻO ka pūnana he ʻano pākaha nui o nā lālā nui a koʻikoʻi ma luna o kahi lāʻau a ma luna o ka pali i luna o nā pali, pinepine e hūʻu ʻia me ka mauʻu. ʻO ka maʻamau, kūkulu ʻia nā nests ma nā kumulāʻau nunui, pinepine me nā puʻu make. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻokahi no 5-8 mau makahiki. He ʻelua mau hulu ʻo ka nui (i loaʻa ʻole ma mua o 900 m kahi), kahi lākou e noho ai i kēlā me kēia manawa. Kūleʻa kēlā mau makahiki i ka nui a hiki i 3 m ke anawaena a me 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua hua ma ʻApelila - Mei, inā ʻaʻole hoʻoheʻe ka hau. I ka pili ʻana he 1-3 mau huaʻai me kahi keʻokeʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo; incubation e lōʻihi i ka 34-36 lā. Hoʻomaka ka inkubation me ka hua mua. Hele nā ​​kuʻi ma Mei - Iune a aia i loko o ka pūnana no 2-25 mau mahina, lele ma ka hopena o Iulai - ʻAukake, kaʻaila ʻo Kepakemapa. E hānai nā mākua i nā moa me ka iʻa 20-30 cm ka lōʻihi, e lawe ana iā ia i ka pūnana 2-3 mau lā i ka lā. Aia a hiki i ka waena oʻOkakopa, mālama ʻia ka ulu o ʻōpio ma ka 2-3 km mai kahi kahua kūlike. Hoʻomaka ka ʻaila wai o Steller e hoʻohālikelike i ka makahiki ma mua o 7 mau makahiki.

(Haliaeetus leucogaster)

Noho e noho nei ma kahakai o India, Sri Lanka, Asia Hema ,ʻEulopa, New Guinea, Australia a me Tasmania. ʻO ka manu kēia i noho paʻa ʻia, noho kekahi o nā kānaka ma kahi hoʻokahi i loko o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, akā e hāhū kekahi.

ʻO ke poʻo, ka umauma, e uhi ana i ka hulu ma lalo o ka ʻēheu a me ka huelo o kahi ʻaeto makua e keʻokeʻo. Ka hina hina ka lālā luna. Ma lalo o ka pāheu, ʻokoʻa nā hulu manu ʻeleʻele me nā uhi keʻokeʻo. He pōkole a ʻo ka huluhulu ke ʻano like, me nā ʻaeto āpau. ʻEleʻele ka beak a nā iris, he pāwaha ka pala, pale nā ​​wāwae a ʻeleʻele paha nā wāwae. ʻEleʻele ka manu ʻōpiopio. ʻO nā meles a me nā wahine like like me ke kala, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kāne he 66-80 cm, me ka nui o ka 1.8-3 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine he 80-90 cm, me ka nui o ka 2.5-1.5 kg.

Kahi ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu e noho ana i nā kumu lāʻau a e ʻaʻa hoʻi i luna o nā wai wai a ʻokoʻa ka honua a i ʻole ʻelua. ʻO nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā aeto keʻokeʻo e ʻāʻulu ana i ka manawa i kahi e loaʻa ai ka nui o nā meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka lele ma mua o nā ʻaeto ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hopu i nā manu a me nā ʻalopela lele i ka lewa. Lele nō ia i nā iʻa, nā nāhelehele a me nā mea uka, nāʻuhele i nā pengu liʻiliʻi, nā mākaʻi, nā mea kanu a me nā momi, a ua ʻai pū kekahi i ka māka, kahi i loaʻa i ke kahakai. Lawe ʻia nā meaʻai mai nā manu liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu e hilinaʻi nui i ka noho, ma ka manawa maloʻo. ʻO kēia mau manu monogamous: noho paʻa kekahi mau kāne a hiki i kahi o nā hoapili ke make. A laila e loaʻa i ka lua. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka mea i hoʻomau mau ʻia nā pūnaewele huna i nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopau ʻia nā nests ma luna o nā pali o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau kiʻekiʻe; Koho ʻia nā wahi no ka nano i loaʻa kahi ʻike maikaʻi maikaʻi o nā kaiapuni. ʻO ka nūpepa kahi kahua o nā lālā maloʻo me kahi pā hohonu hohonu i uhi ʻia i ka lau nahele a i ʻole kai maiʻa. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻoponopono ka kāne i ka ohu, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka wā. Kūkulu a hoʻoponopono paha i nā lā 3 a 6 wiki. Aia ma ka pipi e loaʻa mau huaʻai he 2 mau keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua no 6 wiki, ʻo ke kāne kāne i kēia manawa lawe i kāna meaʻai. Ua lele nā ​​mokulele no nā lā 70-80, akā e noho pū me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ka 6 mau mahina a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

(Haliaeetus sanfordi)

Noho ʻia ma luna o ke kahakai ʻo Solomona, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke komohana o ka Pakipika, ma ka ʻākau o Australia. Noho ʻo ia ma nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa a me ke kuahiwi ma ke kapakai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,500 m ma mua o ke kai.

He ʻulaʻulaʻula ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, ua ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kino o luna, a he keʻokeʻo ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻeleʻele ka ʻili. ʻO ka loa kino 70-90 cm, nā ʻēheu 165–185 cm, ke kino o ke kino o nā kāne 1.1-11.9 kg, nā wahine 1.3-2.7 kg.

Hoʻokele i ka iʻa, nā iʻa, nā iʻa a me nā mea make, ka kalima, holoi ʻia i ka ʻāina, ma kekahi manawa he mau manu ma nā manu a me nā ʻalopeke manu.

E hoʻomaka ana ka wā kanu mai August a ʻAukake. Aia maʻa he 2 mau huaʻai ma kahi paʻa.

(Haliaeetus vocifer)

Kuhi ʻia ma ka sub-Saharan Africa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m ma luna o ke kai. Noho ana ia i nā ululāʻau kai, nā nahele, nā kahelehele, finbosh a me nā wahi wīwī ma kahi kokoke i nā loko wai, nā wahi wai a me nā kahawai, i kekahi manawa i ʻike ʻia e kokoke i ke kapakai i nā estuaries a i nā lagoons paha.

ʻO kēia mau ʻaeto ʻelele nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 63 a 57 cm, nā ʻēheu mai 175 a 210 cm. ʻO nā kaupaona he 2 a 2,5 kg, ʻo nā kaupa wahine he 3.2 a 3.6 kg. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo ʻākau a me ke kua, a me ka huelo, he keʻokeʻo, a o ke koena o ke kino ka umauma a hina paha. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu ma luna o nā ʻanuʻu o nā ʻēheu. ʻĀhinahina ka nuku i kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, a ʻo nā wāwae hoʻi he melemele i ke kala.

Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻaeto ākea i nā lei o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe mai kahi e nānā ai lākou i kā lākou ākea. Hoʻopuni pinepine nā pākahi i kahi moʻo o ka muliwai a i ʻole kahi kai o kahi wai nui. Ke hana nei nā ʻōlima i ka ʻaʻalā ʻelua mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kāhea nei kēia mau manu i ka pūlua, kahi kūwe nui ʻā i ka wahine. He maʻamau ia i ka wā o ke kani ʻana i kahi noho e hoʻonoho i kou poʻo i kou kua.

Hoʻohana nui ia i nā iʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻimi pinepine i nā ʻohana flamingos liʻiliʻi, nā pipi, nā ʻōpala a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa ʻo nā mea ʻona e hiki ai i nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā kīlaha liʻiliʻi, nā wīwī, nā nāhelehele kai a i ʻole ka paua. Ke lele loiloi nei nā aeto e ʻānai a lawe pinepine i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ke kali nei lākou i ka manawa lōʻihi ma luna pono o ka lāʻau no ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai kahi iʻa i ka aniani, a ma kahi lele holo waʻa ka hopu ʻana iā lākou, ka ʻai ʻana ma luna o kahi lāʻau. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā mea pio, ka nui o ke kaumaha he 1.5 kg, a ua ʻai ia ma ke kahakai.

ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu i ka wā maloʻo, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ana ka nui o ka wai i loko o nā mea kanu. He mau manu manu manu nā ʻalā. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻaina ma kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kokoke i ka wai. ʻO nā lau no ka hale papa lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hona no nā makahiki he nui a hoʻoponopono ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila e ulu mau ka liona a hiki i ka 2 m ʻehā a i ka 1.5 m ka hohonu. Hāʻawi ka wahine i hoʻokahi o nā hua keʻokeʻo a ʻekolu me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula. Hoʻopili nui ka wahine i nā lā 42-45 lā. Ma hope o 70-75 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keikikāne e hoʻomaka e lele, ma hope o hoʻokahi mau hola ʻewalu a hoʻomaka lākou e loaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka meaʻai. Puberty i ka makahiki heʻehā makahiki.

(Haliaeetus vociferoides)

Noho ʻo ia i nā nahele ulu malū ma ke kahakai komohana o ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi. E mālama mau i nā wai wai i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1200 m ma luna o ke kai.

ʻO 60 ~66 cm ka loa o ke kino, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 165-180 cm, ua kau ke kino o ke kino o nā kāne he 2.2–2.6 kg, a ʻo nā wahine ka 2.8–3.5 kg. ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele me nā veins ʻulaʻula, pale ʻia ke poʻo, keʻokeʻo nā papalina a me ke ʻūhā, ʻeleʻele ke kaʻe o ka pōkole. ʻEleʻele nā ​​wāwae, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae.

Noho pinepine ka noho ma luna o ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a lele paha ma luna o ka wai, e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. Pahu nui ʻo ia i nā iʻa, kekahi mau manawa kaʻai, nā lau moana, nā manu wai, a lawe pio ʻia hoʻi i nā manu ʻē aʻe.

E mālama i nā pālua. E hoʻomaka ana ka mai pā mai ia Mei a ʻOkakopa. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻuʻuku ma kahi lāʻau ma kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a ma luna o ka puʻu pali. Aia maʻa he 2 mau huaʻai ma kahi paʻa. Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 37-43. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mākua ʻelua, akā ʻo ka wahine kekahi. Haʻi ʻo Chick i ka nūhou ma hope o nā lā 78-89.

(Haliaeetus leucoryphus)

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai ka Kazakhstan, ma Russia hema, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan a me Turkmenistan ma ka hikina i Mongolia a me Kina a me ke kūkulu hema ma India, Pakistan, Bangladesh a me Burma. E neʻe ana ka ʻōiwi i ka hema i ke kūkulu ʻĀkau o India no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama ʻia ia ma nā wahi nui a me nā kahawai, ma nā haʻahaʻa a me nā kiʻekiʻe i ka 5000 m ma luna o ke kai.

ʻO ka ʻaeto lōʻihi e kū pono ana i kahi pāpale ʻōmaʻomaʻo pōmaikaʻi a me kahi helehelena keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele ka huʻu me kahi kāʻei keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā ​​manu ʻōpio a ʻaʻohe huehue ma ko lākou huelo. Kūpono ka manu i ka lōʻihi o 72-88 cm a he mau ʻēheu o 180–205 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o nā wahine, ʻo ia ka 2.1–7 kime a ʻo nā kāne ka 2–3.3 kg.

Paʻi nui ʻia i nā iʻa kai nui, i kekahi manawa e ʻai ai i nā baki, nā laupū, nā reptile, ka wai me ka a me kā lākou mau moa, ka kāula. Lawe pinepine ʻia i nā iʻa mai nā manu ʻē aʻe. Nui ka hana mai ka wai o ka wai.

Hoʻomaka ka wā kīhāpai ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka lewa i Malaki, a ma ke kūkulu hema i ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa Kūkulu nā mākua i nā ʻuʻu ma luna o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e ulu kokoke ana i ka punawai. ʻO ka nūhi kahi papahele nui o nā lālā maloʻo e waiho ʻia ana me ka mauʻu maloʻo. Aia i ka lālani he mau hua he 1-3 e ulu ana no nā lā 40-45. E make mau ana ka moa hope hope loa.

(Haliaeetus albicilla)

He manu lele nui kēia e moe ana i Asia mai tundra i Iapana, Kina, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Northern Iran a me Turkey, ma ʻEulopa mai ka ʻĀkau o Scandinavia a i Romania, Hungary, nā Balkans a me nā palu Baltic, ma Corsica a Sardinia, ma ka Hebrides a me Shetland mokupuni, ma Islandia a ma ka hema o Greenland. I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā ​​manu, ʻoi aku nā mea ʻōpio, hele i hema i Pakistan, Kina a me India ʻĀkau. Noho ka ʻeto hoʻokeo maʻa i nā kahakai nui a me nā kahawai, a ma kekahi mau wahi i loaʻa i ka uka o ke kai.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kino o ka aeto keʻokeʻo e 70 a 90 cm, nā ʻēheu mai 200 a 230 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui a me ka paona ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka paona kino o ka wahine he 4-7 kg, ʻo ke kāne he 3-4.5 kg. He pōkole, ka huluhulu. ʻUlaʻula nā polū o ka pākeke, ke keʻokeʻo ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻili. He kukui ʻono ka beak i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu manu ʻē o ka waiwai i nui a ikaika loa. He ʻāpana kukui ʻula hoʻi ka iris. ʻAʻole nā ​​uhi o ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo i keʻokeʻo i nā hulu i nā manamana lima. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōpiopio i ke kala, ʻeleʻele ka hina. Me nā lime ʻōpiopio, nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻe keʻokeʻo a lilo i like a like me nā holoholona makua, a i ka makahiki ʻelima, loaʻa ke ola ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo i kahi hiʻohiʻona makua. I ka lele, ua lele ka wāwae i kona mau ʻāpana ākea.

No ka makemake nui o ka aeto keʻokeʻo i ka wā e noho kokoke i nā loko wai, ʻo kāna papaʻaina ka iʻa nui loa. Holo aku ʻo ia e lele ana ma luna o ka wai o ke kō, a i ka ʻike ʻana i ka iʻa, lele koke ʻo ia i lalo, a hiki nō iā ia ke haha ​​aku i loko o ka wai i kahi manawa pōkole e ʻuʻuku i ka waiwai me kāna mau kua ikaika. Eia kekahi, e hānai ana i nā wai wai, me nā kuʻuna, nā loina a me nā waʻa nui. ʻAi pū kekahi i nā mammals - hares, marmots, ground squirrels, etc. I kekahi manawa e hānai ana i ke kalula, ʻoiai no ka hoʻoilo.

Pae ka manu kia kūkulu i kona pūnana i luna mai ka lepo, ʻo ka ʻehā ma luna o nā lāʻau, heʻu iki pinepine ma luna o nā pōhaku. Kūkulu ʻia ia mai nā lālā nui a me nā ʻoi loa: ua hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui. Ma ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka nui o ka nui o ka hale, no laila ʻo ia ke pilu ʻia e ka makani a me ka uha ʻana i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e hāʻule i ka lepo. I kēia hihia, kūkulu hou ke kāne kāne a me ka wahine i kahi pūnana hou. Hoʻokumu nā kāne no ke ola, i ka hopena o ka make o ka hoa hana, kahi kiʻi koke ke loaʻa. Hoʻomāliʻi kahi ʻaeto huluhulu keʻokeʻo e hōʻuluʻulu ma hope o kona hiki ʻana i ka makahiki he ʻehā. Hoʻomaka ka wahine e waiho i nā hua mai ka hopena o Pepeluali a ma muli o ka mea maʻamau, hoʻomau ka waiho a hiki i ka waena o Mei. Aia i nā kūmole mai nā aniani a 1 a 3 mau keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa ke kāohi ʻia me nā ʻoka ocher. No 35-40 mau lā, hana nā mea āpau i ka hoʻopili ʻana. Ma hope o ka honu ʻana o nā moa, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻalele i ka nihi no ʻelua malama. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ma hope o ka poʻe ʻōpio e hoʻomaka e lele a huki iā lākou iho, no ka manawa makemake lākou e noho kokoke i ka pūnana a me nā mākua, nāna e hānai mau iā lākou.

(ʻIchthyophaga humilis)

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma Asia Hema: mai Northeast India (nā ʻāpana o ka Himalaya) hikina i ka panee ʻo Indochina a me Indonesia, he iwi ʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻaoʻao hema ʻo India i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Karnataka. Noho ia ma kahi kokoke i nā hale waihonaʻuʻi: nā muliwai, nā loko, nā umeke. Makemake ʻo ia i nā kahe wai a i ʻole nā ​​kino wai me ka manawa o ka wikiwiki. Ke paʻa nei ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2400 m ma luna o ke kai, ʻoiai ka mea maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o 1000 m.

He manu nui ka manu, a hiki i 64 cm lōʻihi a me nā eheu o ke ana o ka 1.2 m. ʻO ke poʻo o ke kino holoʻokoʻa he hina-ʻulaʻula, nā ailaka a me ka ʻōpū. Ua pālahalaha nā ʻēheu, pōkole a puni ka ʻili, ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, ua lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī. He melemele nā ​​maka o nā pākeke, a hina ke kua. ʻEkole pokole nā ​​wāwae, ʻōpū palupalu.

ʻAno kaʻai ʻana me ka iʻa piha. E ʻimi ana i ka mea make e noho ana ma ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka lālā lāʻau e uhi ana i ka wai. Ke ʻike wikiwiki nei ka mea i hoʻopihapiha, a hopu iā ia mai ka papa aku o ka wai me kāna mau ʻakaʻaka.

Ma North India a me Nepal, e hoʻomaka ana ka wā kanu ma Malaki a hoʻopau i ʻAukake, ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka ana iā Nowemapa a hoʻopau i ʻApelila. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnaka mai nā lau maloʻo a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki ke piʻi aku i 1 m ka ākea a me 1.5 m ka hohonu. Ma ka pipi mai 2 a 4 mau hua.

(Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus)

Hoʻouna nui ʻia mai India a me Asia Hema i Malaysia, Indonesia a me Philippines. Noho ia ma nā ululāʻau ʻōlau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai. Aia ʻohe a kokoke i nā kahawai kahe a me nā kahawai, nā loko, nā pali, nā kaʻi, nā kahe a me nā estuaries.

ʻO ka loa o ke kino he 61-75 cm, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 155–170 cm, he 23-28 cm ka huelo ʻo ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ka kaupaʻa ʻana o ka wahine i ka 2.3-2.7 kg, aʻo ke kaupaona ʻana o ke kāne he 1.6 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi ia ke poʻo, lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī, pōkole ke kuʻekuʻe, pōkole nā ​​wāwae me nā ʻōpua lōʻihi. ʻO ka hina hina ka laulā o ke kino, hina ke poʻo, hina ke poʻo, ʻulaʻula ka umauma, ʻeleʻele ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū a me ka huelo, a he ʻeleʻele ka pihi ʻili.

ʻO kēia mau ʻōlima e mālama mele a i ʻole mau pālua. Lele lele, lele lele. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia e noho ana ma luna o nā lāʻau i ke ake ʻana i ka wai a ʻimi no ka mea pōpilikia. ʻAi ke kanaka ʻūlū me nā cāwili ʻoi loa mai luna o ka wai. Hiki iā ia ke loʻi ma ke kū ʻana i nā wai o ka wai ʻino i nā pā hale. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meaʻai i nā iʻa ola, ma kekahi mau mea e ʻai ai i ka iʻa make, e emi iki iā ia me nā reptile, nā manu wai a me nā momona liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu i ka hapa nui o nā kahele mai ka lā Nowemapa a hiki i Mei. Kūkulu ʻo ia i nā kunu nui a me ka lapalapa o 1.5 m a hohonu o 2 m i nā lei ākea o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke koena me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia pili i nā lā he 2-4 mau hua maʻa keʻokeʻo. Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 45-50. Ua holo ʻo Chick no 70 mau lā.