He kino ʻōpū loa ʻo Martens, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma kahi o ke kiʻekiʻe 50-80 cm. ʻO ke aniani fluffy he 34-44 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona - mai 0,5 a 5.7 kg. ʻO nā wahine keu kekahi mau wahine.
He mānoʻo ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona, i ka maʻamau ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia i ka kala me kahi wahi kukui ma ka umauma, akā e like ka ʻulaʻula i ia ʻano.
ʻEhā mau wāwae huakaʻi pōkole ʻo Martens me nā manamana lima ʻelima e hoʻopau i nā kīhā lōʻihi. Ke hele, hilinaʻi lākou i nā manamana lima.
ʻO ka muzzle o ka marten i kuhikuhi ʻia me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu no ka meaʻai o ka martens ka mea e ʻai ai nā holoholona: nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā mea hao a me nā kiʻina, a me nā hua manu. Huli kekahi holoholona i ka ʻākeʻaka, no ka laʻana, ka pipi.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Martens ʻaʻole wale nā mea ulu lāʻau, akā ʻo ka ʻikepili hoʻi. Hiki i ka holoholona ke piʻi i loko o ka heihei moa, luku i nā pipi a pau a ʻoliʻoli i kā lākou hua.
Ua hōʻoki ʻo Martens i kā lākou spine i kā lākou mau mea i manaʻo ʻia a inu i ko lākou koko i ko lākou ola.
Inā pono, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ʻai i nā huahana kanu: nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻaila a pēlā aku.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā holoholona he dexterous loa, makemake lākou e hana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou mau manamana lima - hiki iā lākou ke hoʻowalewale iā lākou ma kahi o ke keiki o ʻekolu mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā martens liʻiliʻi i ko lākou manawa a pau i ka pāʻani, ʻoi pū kekahi leo kani.
Hāpai ka ola o kēia mau holoholona i ka hihiu a hiki i ka 10 makahiki, a i loko o ke pio ʻana - a hiki i 20.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka Marten
He holoholona nui kēia kēia. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā marten he mau puʻu ʻuʻuku a hui ʻia, kahi i loaʻa ai nā nui o nā kumulāʻau i nā lāʻau ākea a me nā kumu lāʻau e hiki ʻole ai.. ^ E Ha yM. Aia nā wahi e hiki ai i ka marten ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai a loaʻa ka maluhia, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā hollows i ke kiʻekiʻe.
He hoihoi! Hiki i ka marten ke piʻi koke i nā kumulāʻau a kū lele mai kekahi lālā i kekahi, e hoʻohana ana i kona huʻu momona e like me ka parachute. Pipi aku ʻo ia a holo holo maikaʻi (e komo ma loko o ka nahele hau, no ka mea, ʻo ka pale ākea i nā wāwae e pale ai i ka holoholona i hāʻule hohonu i loko o ka hau.
Ma muli o kona wikiwiki, ikaika a me dexterity, he holoholona maikaʻi loa kēia holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā amphibians e lilo i mea waiwai nui, a i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka puna, i hiki i ka mea marten ke hana i nā lele nui ma nā lālā lāʻau. Hoʻokipa pinepine ʻo Marten i nā nest manu. ʻAʻole wale nā manu ʻāina a hoʻopilikia i kāna mau pūʻulu, akā, e kūkulu ana i kā lākou mauʻu, nā kiʻekiʻe ma nā lāʻau. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he pōmaikaʻi ʻo ka pine marten i kekahi kanaka ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka poʻe rodents i loko o kona noho.
He aha nā mea o nā martens?
He mau wahi kikoʻelima kēia mau ʻōhua: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona, ma muli o nā ʻano, he 30 a 75 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 12-45 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻo 0.5-6 kg. I nā ʻano maʻi āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
He makeha elongated ka marten, he muzzle sphenoid a me nā pepeiao pepeiao, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou mau hoaaloha - weasels a trochees. ʻO ka huelo manuahi, e hoʻolilo ʻia me he mea kaupaona, a ʻo nā ʻeha nunui me nā hulu hipa me nā ʻalā a paʻa, hāʻawi lākou i nā pono maikaʻi loa i kēia mau holoholona semi-ihi - holo koke lākou mai kahi lālā a ka lālā. ʻO nā niho, e like me nā mea i haki ʻia, he mea koʻikoʻi loa.
I ke kiʻi, hōʻike ka marten i kona mau niho.
ʻOloʻala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka marten fur, ʻākeleʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka huelo a me nā wāwae. Aia kahi wahi kukui ma ka ʻāʻī, he ʻano ʻeleʻele kahi.
Kāleka
He kapa lūlū a nani hoʻi ka marten, aia ia he mea silky i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kauwela. ʻO kona kala ka mea ʻokoʻa o nā kala (brown, chestnut, brown). ʻO ke kua o ka holoholona ka hina hina-ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona mau ʻaoʻao. Ma ka umauma, kahi aniani kahi aniani o ke aniani ākea, ʻike iki ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kauwela ma mua o ke hoʻoilo.
ʻAno pōkole nā wāwae o ka marten, me nā manamana lima ʻelima e hoʻopiʻi mau ai. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā muzzle me nā pepeiao pepeiao pōkole, pubescent ma nā kihi me nā hulu melemele. ʻO ke kino o ka marten he squat a he ʻano elongated, a ʻo ka nui o ka pākeke e like me ka hapalua mita. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
He aha kā lākou mea e ʻai ai?
E hānai ana ʻo Martens i nā mōmona liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā iʻa, nā pepeke, a i kekahi manawa nā huaʻai. He poʻe hune ʻole lākou a pau, me ka ʻimi a me ka alualu ʻana i ka pio, ʻaʻohe mea ma kahi e hūnā ai ia. He mau huaʻala momona maikaʻi a hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā manu a me nā squirrels pololei i kā lākou mau ihu. I mea e ola ai kekahi meaʻai hānai, hiki i nā holoholona ke loaʻa i ka ʻai i ka wā he nui i ka wā e nui ai. Ke luku nei lākou i ka nui o ka mea i hiki ai iā lākou ke hana, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea e ʻai ai lākou.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ke kiko o kahi holoholona e pili pololei i kona ʻano a me kāna mau hana. Ke neʻe nei ka marten i ka lele. Mālama ke kino ʻōiwi kūpono o ka holoholona i hiki ke neʻe me ka wikiwiki o ka uila i nā lālā, ʻike wale ʻia no kahi kekona i nā ʻāpana o nā pine a me nā ahi. Makemake ʻo Marten e noho kiʻekiʻe ma nā lei o nā kumulāʻau. Me ke kōkua o kāna mau kūpeʻe, ua hiki iā ia ke piʻi a kū i ke aniani
He hoihoi! ʻO kēia holoholona e koho pinepine ai i kahi kūlana o ke ao. Hoʻonui ia i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma nā lāʻau a holoholona ʻole paha. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pale i ke kanaka ma nā ʻano āpau.
ʻO nā mea marten i ka hollows i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika a i loko o ka lei o nā lāʻau. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili ʻia ia me nā pūnaewele punahele a ʻaʻole waiho iā lākou me ka nele o ka meaʻai. ʻOiai ka noho mau ʻana o kēia ʻano noho hele, hiki i kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana marten ke neʻe ma hope o nā protein, i kekahi manawa ke neʻe nui nei no ka lōʻihi o nā lōʻihi.
Ma waena o nā wahi ulu kahi i noho ai nā martens, ʻelua mau ʻāpana i hōʻike ʻia: nā pauku, kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai, a me nā "huni kahua", kahi lākou i pau ai i ka manawa a pau i ko lākou wā āpau. I ka wā mahana, e koho kēia mau holoholona i kahi liʻiliʻi, me ka waiwai nui i ka meaʻai me ka mea hiki, a hoʻāʻo e haʻalele iā ia. I ka hoʻoilo, ua kī ʻole ka nele i ka meaʻai iā lākou e hoʻonui i ka ʻāina a hoʻoikaika i nā māka i kā lākou alanui.
ʻAmelika marten ʻAmelika
Kūkā ʻia ka marten ʻAmelika i nā nahele coniferous o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ua manaʻo ʻia he holoholona nocturnal lui. Ua kākā ʻia kāna ʻano.
He pulu ʻalopihi palalawele, kahi kala o ka hoʻololi lohi mai i ka melemele ʻeleʻele (ma ka ʻāʻī) i kahi uliuli ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻulaʻula (ma ka huelo a me nā wāwae).
Nā ʻalemai: ka paona - a hiki i ka 1,3 kg, ke kino - a hiki i 45 cm, ʻili - a hiki i 23 cm.
E hānai ia i nā ʻanoʻai like ʻole: rodents, nā manu a me kā lākou hua, nā iʻa, nā baki, nā mea ʻuʻina, kahe, nā hua a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ia ke alualu i ka waiwai ma nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau.
Hele ʻo Gon ma Iulai a me ʻAukake, ma hope o 9 mau mahina ʻekolu a ʻehā mau keiki i hānau ʻia ai.
Ilka
Noho ʻo Ilka (pecan, pine marten) i ka nahele ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Makemake nā wahi ulu coniferous. Noho ia i ka hollows o nā lāʻau a i ʻole i nā lua (i ka wā anu).
He hulu māloʻo kona, lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke pā. ʻO kaʻeleʻele ke kala o ka kapa o ke kapa.
Nā ʻōlapa: ke kaumaha - a hiki i 5 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo - a hiki i ka 120 cm.
Noho ka noho kaʻawale, hana a puni ka uaki.
Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā loko o nā lāʻau, nā squirrels, hares, nā manu a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka lā huakaʻi no Pepeluali - Malaki. Noho hoʻokahi paha o ʻōpū i hoʻokahi makahiki he ʻelima mau keiki manikani mau keiki i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ko lākou makuahine me ka 5 mau makahiki.
Stone marten
Stone marten (ke keʻokeʻo-umauma) noho ma ka ʻāina ākea mai ka Iberian Peninsula a hiki i Mongolia. Ua manaʻo ʻia he marten maʻamau loa ma Europa. Noho ia ma kahi ākea me nā kumulāʻau, nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala, a me nā mauna. ʻO ia kahi e koho ai i nā ʻoka o nā pōhaku, nā papa hoʻokele a me nā noho malihini i haʻalele ʻia. ʻO ka ʻohana wale nō ʻaʻole e hopohopo e noho ma hope o nā kānaka. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā paka ma nā attics o nā hale noho.
ʻO kaʻulaʻula loa kona kapa, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea hina-brown, kahi wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma kona ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano hae ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia nā wāwae o kona wāwae i ka hulu.
Nā ʻāpana: nā paona - a hiki i ka 2.3 kg, ke kino - a hiki i ka 55 cm, ka hiku - a hiki i 30 cm.
Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ola kū hoʻokahi. Aia ko kēlā me kēia kanaka pili i kā lākou ʻāina. E piʻi pololei i nā lāʻau, akā neʻe pinepine i ka lepo.
E hānai iā ia i ka rodents, nā manu, nā huaʻai, nā amphibians, nā pepeke, nā hua a me nā hua. I kekahi manawa e hoʻouka i ka coops chicken a me ka pigeons. Hoʻonui pinepine i nā manu he nui ma mua o ka ʻai.
ʻO ka wā moi e hāʻule ai ma Iune a me ʻAukake. ʻEkolu a ʻehā mau pēpē i hānau ʻia i Malaki a ʻApelila. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hāpai ʻo Pregnancy - aneane 7 mahina.
Hoʻopau ʻia nā martens pōhaku no ka hulu o ka hulu kiʻekiʻe, me ko kā hoʻi ʻole hoʻi i kā lākou mākaʻikaʻi. Hoʻopili i ka pāmu ʻana i ka mahiʻai, hao lākou i nā kaula a me nā hose o nā kaʻa. Ma nā wahi he nui e ʻae ʻia ai lākou e ʻimi.
Pine marten
Noho ka pine marten (yellowhead) i nā nahele o ʻEulopa a me nā wahi komohana o Asia. Noho ia ma nā puʻu lāʻau a me nā ulu nui.
Ua uhi ʻia ke kino me ka hulu ʻulaʻula maka, kahi ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāʻī.
Nā ʻāpana: nā paona - a hiki i ka 1,8 kg, ke kino - a hiki i ka 58 cm, hiku - a hiki i 28 cm.
Hoʻomaka ka hana e hōʻike me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli. Peke ʻo ia a piʻi maikaʻi ma nā lālā. Hoʻiliili ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i kona wahi, ʻo ia ka mea e pale ai mai nā ʻohana o ka wahine like.
Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i ka mammals liʻiliʻi, akā hiki pū nō hoʻi i nā huaʻai a me nā hua. ʻO ka hāʻule i ka wā maʻa i nā lau no nā hoʻoilo.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hana hou i ke ʻano like me nā martens pōhaku.
Nilgir Harza
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Nilgir Harza, ka lālā kaulana loa o ka ʻohana Kunih, e noho nei i nā māka ʻōlapa o South India.
ʻO kona pua ʻalaʻulaʻula ʻia i ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī kahi wahi mālamalama o ka hue a ka melemele.
Nā ʻāpana: nā paona - a hiki i ka 2,5 kg, ke kino - a i ke 70 cm, ʻili - a hiki i 45 cm.
He liʻiliʻi ka ʻike e pili ana i kāna ʻano. Ua ʻike ʻia e noho ana ʻo ia ma nā lāʻau, akā ʻimi manu i ka ʻāina, ʻoi aʻe, i ke ao. Aia ia i nā pōloli, nā pūkuniahi India, nānā i nā lizards, nā lizards a me nā pepeke.
Kāke
Sable ka maʻamau ma ka taiga o Lūkia a ma ka mokupuni o Hokkaido. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e noho ana ma nā wahi ākea e kokoke kokoke ana i ka honua.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala i loko o ka ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele i ka melemele.
Nā ʻāpana: nā paona - a hiki i ka 1,5 kg, ke kino - a hiki i 56 cm, ʻili - a hiki i 20 cm.
Ua manaʻo ʻia he holoholona ikaika loa ʻo ia. Hoʻomaopopo ka manaʻo makemake a me ka ʻono hoʻi o ka ʻono. Pali pono ʻo ia i luna, neʻe i ka lele ʻana i ka ʻāina. He luhi i ke kakahiaka nui, ke ahiahi a me ka pō.
He hānai nui ia i nā kahe, nā squirrels a me nā hares, a hiki ke hoʻouka i ka grouse a me capercaillie. Makemake pū nō hoʻi i nā hua niu a me nā hua.
Mating - i Iune-Iulai, ʻekolu a ʻehā mau keiki i hānau ma hope o 290 lā.
Ma muli o ka hulu maikaʻi a nani hoʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo "gula gula", ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka hana sable. Hoʻohui, ulu ia i nā kūlana hana.
Harza
Kahi maoli ʻia kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kunih ma ke kala he nui ka helu ʻana i kēia holoholona ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūʻokoʻa. He holoholona nui ʻo Kharza. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino (me ka huelo) i kekahi manawa ke keu aku i hoʻokahi mita, a me ke kaumaha o nā mea maʻamau he 6 mau kilogram. He lei nani ka lole. Aia ka nui ma nā squirrels, sables, chipmunks, raccoon dogs, hares, bird and rodents. Hiki i ka hoʻoliʻina i ka meaʻai no nā iniseti a i nā baki. Ua loaʻa nā hewa i nā hōʻeha o ka charza ma nā pipi o ka moose, deer, a me ka puaʻa hihiu. E ʻai pū i nā nati, nā hua waina a me ka meli hihiu.
Iapani Iāpana
Kui kuapo ka Japanese ma ka ulu lāʻau o Iapana a me Korea. Noho ia ma nā puʻu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau.
ʻAno ke kala o ka hulu o kona pua (mai ka melemele a hiki i ke pouri). Aia kekahi wahi kukui ma ke kua o ke poʻo.
Nā ʻāpana: nā paona - a hiki i ka 1.6 kg, ke kino - a hiki i ka 54 cm, hiku - a hiki i 23 cm.
Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona kūlike nocturnal. Holo kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona kumuhana iho.
Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā rodents, baki, manu, crustaceans, me nā hua a me nā hua.
ʻO Gon - i ka pūnāwai, i ka hopena o ke kauwela a hiki i ka ʻelima mau keiki ua hānau.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ia no ka hulu. Palekana ʻia kekahi mau subspecies.
Ehia makahiki he marten ke ola?
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka 15 makahiki o ke ola o ka marten ke hiki i nā makahiki 15, akā ma ka hihiu ke noho nei lākou i ka hapa nui. He nui ka hoʻokūkū o kēia holoholona i nā mea e hoʻoili ai i nā meaʻai - nā mea āpau a me nā poʻe noho kākela o ka nahele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe enemi e hōʻike mai i kahi hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka nui o ka marten kanaka i loko.
Aia i loko o kahi mau wahi, e pili ana ka nui o nā holoholona ma nā waipuna wai (i ka manawa o kahi hapa nui o nā rodents, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui o kaʻai ʻana o nā martens, make) a me ka hana mau ʻole (ka luku ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau kahiko hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pau loa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona).
ʻO Habitat, noho
Hoʻopili pili ke ola o ka marten me ka nahele. Loaʻa ka ʻike pinepine i ka pihi, nā pine a me nā ulu lāʻau coniferous. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka nohona, he lōlima a ahi paha kēia, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, hoʻoulu a i ʻole nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
No ka noho mau ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau mauʻu i ka ʻūlū makani, nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe kahiko, nā kihi nui, a me ka nui o nā mālamalama me kahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpio.
Hiki i ka marten ke aloha me ke awāwa a me nā nahele mauna kahi e noho ai ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai. Ua makemake kekahi mau holoholona o kēia holoholona i nā wahi pōhaku a me nā mea hoʻokomo i nā pōhaku. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻelele o ka marten hoʻāʻo e pale i nā ʻano kanaka. ʻO kahi mea ʻē loa ʻo ka marten pōhaku, hiki iā ia ke noho pololei ma kahi o nā wahi kanaka.
He hoihoi! ʻAʻole e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, no ka laʻu, ka ʻapena (e noho wale ana ma Siberia), ua kahele ʻia ʻo marten i nā wahi āpau o ʻEulopa, a hiki i ka mauna Ural a me ka muliwai Ob.
Marten Diet
ʻO nā holoholona he mau manu nunui nā holoholona, akā ʻo nā mea nui o kā lākou hulina he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi (squirrels, mice field). ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai lākou i nā kiʻi, ka mea nui o nā pēpē e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka nui o ka nui. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino i ka nalo o nā manu, a pio i ka reptile a me nā amphibians. I kekahi manawa 'ʻae lākou iā lākou e' ai i ka kalima. I ka manawa mahana, ʻo martens regale lākou iho me nā hua, nā ʻuʻina, nā hua, ka lālau wale nō ka lehu mauna.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka wā e hāʻule ai, hana nā martens i nā lāʻau waiwai e kōkua iā lākou e ola i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka marten i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke kau anuanu, ka noho, kahi e pili ai i nā ʻano subspecies o nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā mea kanu. ʻOiai ke holo maikaʻi nei ka holoholona ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e hānai nui ana ia ma ka ʻili. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a waena o Rūsia, nā kīʻaha nui ka protein, ke kīwaha ʻeleʻele, kākāola hazel, partridge, kā lākou hua a me nā moa.
Hoʻopili ka marten pōhaku i ka pōpili i ka pīhoihoi a me nā wasps, no laila ua hōʻeu ʻo martens i nā manawa apiaries a ʻai ʻia paha i ka meli mai nā pua hihiu. Kūʻai pinepine lākou i ka pā iʻa a i ʻole nā hale ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopū nā kipa o kahi manu makaʻu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kahi mea nāna i hele maoli i loko o lākou, e koi ana iā lākou e luku i nā pōpoki āpau, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻai hou.
Pahu a keiki
ʻAʻole loli ka nui o nā martens i kēlā me kēia makahiki a kēia makahiki, ma muli o ke ʻano ʻano omnivorous o ka holoholona. ʻO ka nele o kekahi o nā meaʻai, hiki i kēia holoholona ke hoʻololi pono i kekahi. ʻO ke hoʻonui a hōʻemi paha i kā lākou heluna e hele ana ma muli o ka momona nui a nele paha i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau makahiki i kahi lālani nō naʻe, eia nō naʻe nā ʻano like ʻole ia. ʻOi aku ka ikaika ma ka helu o nā martens ma kekahi wahi e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ke kanaka ma kēia holoholona hihiu.
Ua hiki i nā martens i ka wā poperty ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ke ola. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Lawe ka wahine i ka ʻōpio no 7-9 mahina. E pili ana kēlā mau lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi manawa lōlihi o ka wā lohi ma ka wā keiki, a hoʻomau wale ia ma ka pūnāwai.
ʻAʻole liuliu, ʻike ʻia he 2 a 8 mau kālā i ka wahine. Ua hānau ʻia lāua he makapō a ʻike ʻole (ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina) a kaupaona ʻole ma mua o 30 mau grama.Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, haki nā niho a ʻo ka makuahine ka mea e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka holoholona. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio'ōpio e lele a piʻi i nā lāʻau i nā mahina 3-4, a i ka hapalua o ka makahiki e ʻimi kūʻokoʻa ʻole ai. Mai nā makahiki ʻelua mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka wahine i hope o ke kaumaha mai nā kāne a mālama i kēia ʻokoʻa ma loko o ke ola.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki lākou i ka nui o nā holoholona makua, a wāwahi ka lālā keiki. I ka wā mua, ʻimi nā holoholona ʻōpala ma ka pūnaewele makuahine, a hoʻomaka e haku i nā wahi i aloha ʻole ʻia, kahi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale ma mua o nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa, ʻo lākou ka mea e ʻāʻī ka nui o ka ʻimi o ka lawaiʻa.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Noho ia ma ka hapa loa o Eurasia. ʻO kona kahi noho lohi mai Pyrenees a i ka Himalaya. Lohi loa ka nui o nā ʻāina a ʻae ʻia ka marten e ʻimi. Ma kekahi mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua hoʻopuka kūikawā ʻia nā martens no ka hana ʻala manu.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka marten he māla o ka ʻohana nui o marten. He holoholona momona ʻo ia na ka hulu manu, a loaʻa iā ia ka nīnū hulu poʻo a i ʻole ka hulu melemele-brown.
Marten
Marten - he mōmona wahī o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ke kino nani a me ka huelo. ʻO nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kunih kahi poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi i hoʻomohala i ka motility paw, a me nā manu ākea a me nā puʻuwai e hiki ai i nā lacerations i ke kanaka.
Hana nā poʻeʻelemakule i kahi mea hana hale hanaʻaka, e ʻae iā lākou e ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki, a pāʻani maoli nā kime, e hana ana i ka coo.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
He paʻakikī a pohihihi nā nīnau o ka kumu o nā martens. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono wau e hana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kahi holoʻokoʻa, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ona o nā ʻano a pau.
- Kāke.
- Forest marten.
- Stone marten.
- Ussuri marten (harza).
- ʻO Kidus (kahi hui o ka sable a me ka pine marten).
ʻO kēia mau ʻano ua pili i ka genen marten a he mau pili pili pono o ka genink mink, weasel, rodent, wolverine, ferret, dressings, badger, a me ke kai a me ka muliwai o ka muliwai. Hoʻopono maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona i ke ola ma nā konola āpau kahi e noho kaʻawale nei ka poʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou ma Taiga, ʻUulopa, ʻAmelika, Hema a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ma nā wahi āpau.
Ua hele mai lākou mai kahi kūpuna maʻamau nona i ola 35 35 mau makahiki i hala. No ka ʻohana o ka marten i pili i ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlio, nā loni, nā ʻoni a me nā pōpoki. He paʻakikī paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo, akā, ua like like lāua, no ka mea ua hōʻike lākou i kahi detatsment o nā poʻe predator.
ʻOi aku ka mea pohihihi ʻo myacid kupuna kūpuna, ka mea i noho honua honua ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala! Ua manaʻo ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā mea ʻike mua o ka momi. He ʻiki liʻiliʻi ia, ʻano liʻiliʻi, me ka huelo lōʻihi a me nā lolo nui, e hōʻike ana i ka naʻauao maikaʻi ma ia manawa. Ma hope o 15 miliona mau makahiki, hoʻomaka kekahi mau ʻelemaka i nā ʻano o nā martens, mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai kā lākou moʻolelo.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka marten?
Whakaahua: Marten
Hiki ke loaʻa ka pine marten i ʻEulopa, ka ʻākau o Asia a me kahi Caucasus. Aia ka ʻāina i ka nui o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o nā Urals a me Western Siberia. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa i nā paka o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Moscow: Tsaritsyno a me Vorobyovy Gory. ʻOi iki ka hoʻohiki ʻana iā ia mai loko mai o ke kahawai ʻo Ob, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui.
Noho ʻo Sable ma kahi ʻāpana ākea loa: ʻo Siberia, ʻākau loa o Kina, Korea, ʻĀpana Holo, Mongolia, ma ka ʻĀpana mamao. ʻAʻole e like me ka pine marten, makemake ʻo ia e holo ma luna o ka lepo ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, aloha nui i ka noho ʻana ma nā pūpū pīhoihoi. Huli iki kēia mau holoholona maʻalahi i ko lākou wahi, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa: ke ahi, ka nele o ka meaʻai a i ʻole a pau ka poʻe hoʻomoʻa.
ʻO Kidas, ʻo ia ka hoʻoilina no ka pine marten a me sable, e noho ana i ke kikowaena o kēia mau kānaka predatory. Wahi a nā mea ʻike maka, ʻike pinepine loa ia ma ka pāpū kahawai Pechora, ma nā Trans-Urals, nā Urals a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o nā Urals. E like me ka sable, makemake i ke ola kūloko.
ʻO ka pine marten, ʻaʻole like me kona mau hoahānau, makemake nui i ke anuanu e noho a ke ola hema. Hāpai kēia wahi i ka aneane holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia a kāʻili ʻia mai ka Pyrenees a hiki i ka māka nui Mongolia a me nā awāwa Himalayan. He punahele ʻo ia i ka papa hele wāwae me nā mea nui he nui. Manaʻo maikaʻi kekahi mau kānaka ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4000 mau mika, kahi i loaʻa ai ko lākou inoa.
Makemake ʻo Harza i ka mahana wela a ola i ke kūkulu hema ma mua o ka pine marten. He nui naʻu ma ka Penikala Hindustan, nā māka Kina a me nā mokupuni. Loaʻa ia ma Malaysia, a me Amur Region, Primorsky a me Khabarovsk Territory. Noho kekahi o nā poʻe o ka ʻāina Amur i kekahi manawa i ka charza, akā emi pinepine pinepine.
He aha nā mea a ka marten i ʻai ai?
Whakaahua: Marten
Kēia mau wahi kamaʻilio nahele. Holo lākou, ʻoi aku ka pō ma, no ka squirrels, hares, voles, manu a me kā lākou hua. I kekahi manawa e ʻai ai i nā snails, baki, nā meaʻalima a me ka carrion. I nā māka kūlanakauhale ua hakakā lākou ma nā ka wai wai me nā muskrats. I ka hāʻule, e hauʻoli i ka hua, nā huaʻala a me nā hua. ʻAi i nā iʻa a me nā pepeke liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa kue ka lāʻau hedgehog. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hopena mua, loaʻa nā meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO Sable, e like me kāna hybrid Kidas, mālama nō ia i ka nahele ma ke kai. Akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka pine marten, hāʻawi ia i ka mea nui i ka hopu ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea e pīhoihoi ai ka chipmunks a me nā moles i ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā kāne nui ke pepehi i ka paʻu. Ma waena o nā manu, lele ka hopu ʻana i nā manu liʻiliʻi, partridges a me capercaillie - nā pono o ke ola i ka wā e hui ai lākou iʻa.
Huli ka ʻimi manuahi i nā mea kuʻekuʻe maoli - he kekele i huki ʻia e kahi mea pōʻino i loko o nā kumulāʻau, e lele pinepine ana mai 7 mau kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā martens pōhaku i hānau ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa, me nā maka nani, hoʻolohe a me ka honi ʻana. Mahalo i hiki iā lākou ke hahai i lalo i kekahi holoholona i kū maikaʻi ʻia iā lākou. ʻOkoʻa lākou e like me nā luna o ka ʻohana Kunih ma o ka wiwo ʻole a ka lokoino: komo lākou i loko o nā pigeons me nā ʻaka moa, kahi i luku ai i ka waiwai pio.
ʻO Harza ka ikaika ikaika o ka ʻohana. Holo wikiwiki a lele aku i kahi mamao he 4 mika. Hōʻalo ia i nā rodents, nā manu a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻā i ka mauʻu sime. Kū pinepine pinepine i ka mauʻu. ʻAi nā ʻono a me nā huaʻai i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi e mālama i kahi nui o nā huaora i loko o ke kino. Pīhoihoi i ka ʻahaʻaina ma ka mele musk.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona Marten
E like me ka ʻōlelo ma mua, ua lilo ka pine martens i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma nā lāʻau. Neʻe maikaʻi lākou me lākou, e lele ana ma kahi mamao 4 mika. Loaʻa i nā wahine a me nā kāne nā lākou o ko lākou ʻāina, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopili, ma kahi lākou i kūkulu ai a hoʻohana paha i nā pā o nā kahu o nā squirrels a i ʻole nā manu. E hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou mau ʻāina, hoʻohana lākou i ka hūnā ʻia e nā kime anal. Hiamoe lākou i ke ao, ʻimi i ka pō.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka sable: ulu i ka lohe a me ke kuono o ka ʻono. Mahele e hele i kahi lōʻihi, e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi. ʻO ke kāleka kāhea ʻo Sable kahi ala maikaʻi e kamaʻilio ai. ʻO ka pinepine loa, hūnā mālie lākou, inā pono ʻoe e ao aku e pili ana i ka pōpilikia - ke haki nei lākou, a i ka wā o nā pāʻani hoʻoiho meow me ka aloha.
Pili ke ʻano o ke ola ʻo Kidas ma luna o ka genetics i hala e kona mau mākua: flat marten a sable paha, a he aha hoʻi kā lākou kuleana i ka hana ʻana. He holoholona maikaʻi loa kēia, ʻolua a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, i ka wā ʻōpiopio e hiki ke loaʻa me nā ʻelele like ʻole o ka ʻohana marten: sable a me pine marten.
Holo ka ʻalāla pōhaku i ka pō, akā i ka lā e moe ai lākou i nā lua o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻōpala o nā pali, ʻaʻole ma nā lāʻau, e like me nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻopili loa kēia kuʻina i ka poʻe no ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pā a i ʻole lotoa i mau wahi a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moa a me nā manu. Ma waho o ke ʻano moe, alakaʻi lākou i ke ola o nā mehameha, ʻaʻole makemake e launa pū me ko lākou ʻano.
Kū ʻo Kharza no ka hopu ʻana i kahi pā a he holoholona kūpono ʻo ia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia nō ka ikaika a hiki ke hoʻokuʻi i nā cubs o kahi holoholona nui, no ka laʻana, he manu a ʻoi paha. I ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻo ia i ke ala, e hele nei i nā poloka o ka hau ma nā lālā. Ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo ʻole hāʻule, no ka mea he mau wāwae ākea.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
E hoʻomaka ka lāhui o nā martens mai ka Pōʻakahi a hiki i ka mua o ʻAukake. Noho ka wahine i kahi hapaha 9 mau mahina, a hānau ʻia nā cubs i loko o ke kō mai 3 a 5 mau kanaka. I ka wā mua, ʻo ka wahine i loko o kahi hakahaka me ka ʻōpala mau, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ka hoʻomaka e hānai me ka ʻai, ke ʻoki ʻia nā niho waiū, ma hope o ka mahina e piʻi ai lākou i nā kumulāʻau.
I nā ʻaina, like ka mākele o nā mākeke, akā maʻamau ka hānau ʻia o nā pēpē 2-3. Malle ke kuleana no ka ʻohana a ʻaʻole e haʻalele i nā wahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kā lākou mamo, e pale ana i ka ʻāina a loaʻa ka ʻai. Mālama nā lā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka waiū a hiki i ʻelua mau malama, a ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki e hoʻomaka lākou i nā ʻohana iā lākou iho.
ʻO nā keiki ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻohana ke hoʻohemo ʻia. Ua hele ia ma muli o ka male ʻana, ua pau nā kāne i ka hiki ke hānau hou. I loko o nā ʻohana, e like me ka charzas, ʻaʻole like lākou, ʻaʻole like, no ka mea, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau hoa aloha.
ʻO ka martens pōhaku me kahi hoʻolālā pilikino like like me nā ulu lāʻau. Kūkulu ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā kāne a me nā kāne, ma ke ʻano like, ka hānai ʻia o ka hāpai a me nā keiki. I ka awelika, noho lākou i ka nahele no 3 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka maikaʻi - a hiki i ka 10. I ke pio ʻana, noho pinepine lākou a hiki i 18 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā Harses, ʻoiai me kā lākou mau hana hana hou aku, mahele koke i ka wā moe. Me ka makuahine, e noho ana ka hua a hiki i ka lā aʻe, a haʻalele iā ia. Akā paʻa pinepine nā kaikuaʻana a me nā kaikuaʻana, kahi mea e kōkua iā lākou e ola ai i loko o keʻano kūlohelohe. Ke lilo a kūʻokoʻa kekahi kanaka i ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka marten
Kiʻi: Marten lele
ʻAʻole ʻano o ka martenile manuahi i nā mea kuapo ma ka nahele, aia ma kēlā me kēia kanaka i mua o kāna mea kolohe. ʻO nā ʻenemi weliweli a me nā ʻalā gula - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopakele ʻia i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā lāʻau. I ka pō, i ka wā o ka hopu, he nui ka mōʻī e lilo i ka waiwai pio o ka ʻaeto. A ma luna o ka ʻāina, ka ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio a me nā lilikena ke kali nei. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine aku lākou i ka martens ʻaʻole no ka meaʻai, akā, ma ke kāpae ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokūkū.
Hiki iā Sable ke hopu i ka bea, wolf a me ke kīwaha. Akā kūleʻa nui lākou. ʻO ka pōpilikia maoli mai ka luna mai o nā mea i pepehi ʻia - harza. Eia nō kekahi, inā hiki, hiki ke hoʻouka i ka ʻaeto a iʻa kūpaʻa keʻokeʻo a iʻa keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka poʻe whakataetae nā ermines, capercaillie, grel grouse, grouse black, partridge a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā huaʻaʻai e hānai ana i ka sable.
ʻAʻoleʻike i ka ʻenemi pōhaku i ka ʻenemi keu. I kekahi manawa, pilikia ka ʻōlio, nā ʻalopeke, nā leopona a me nā ʻīlio hae, akā e alualu i ka holoholona nalo a wikiwiki hoʻi. Hiki i nā pilikia ke kū aʻe me nā manu: nā ʻeto gula, nā aeto, nā ʻale a me nā ʻānela maʻamau.
He mīkini pepehi kanaka maoli ʻo Kharza e hiki ke pale i nā poʻe ʻenemi, kahi e makemake ai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka marten e holo. A ʻo ka poʻe i hiki maoli ke hopu iā ia, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i kēia mea no ka mea kiko o ka ʻiʻo, i mea ʻona maoli loa. Akā ʻo ka bea a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā tigers i kekahi manawa e pepehi nei i kēia mau holoholona.
Martens
ʻO ka marten he holoholona makehewa, ka mea i hōʻike like me ka wikiwiki a me ka maʻalea, hiki ke neʻe ikaika i lalo o nā kūlana o kahi nui. Eia kekahi, piʻi koke ka marten i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a hoʻoneʻe pololei i kā lākou mau lālā. Ua manaʻo ʻia he holoholona koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka hele mai o kahi hulu nani a me ka mahana, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana melemele-brown.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino, a me nā limu haʻahaʻa, e hōʻike ana e neʻe ana ka mea kolohe me ke kōkua o nā ʻekeʻuku, e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o ka holoholona. Eia kekahi, he kino kūpono a me ka haʻalulu paha e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka holoholona i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, lele koke a lele koke mai ka lālā i ka lālā. ʻAnoʻoluʻolu ka marten i ke kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, e ʻae nā kūpeʻe koʻikoʻi e noho ma nā wahi māmā.
He wahi koʻikoʻi! Makemake ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona o kēlā me kēia lā, e neʻe ana i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. Makaʻu ʻo ia i ke kanaka a hoʻāʻo e pale i kēia hālāwai.
Hiki i ka pale o ka marten ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika, a no ia mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka hakahaka o kahi lāʻau kahiko a i ʻole ka lei o ka lāʻau lāʻau. He wahi predator kēia e hoʻopili paʻa ana i kona teritori a waiho wale no ia ma hope loa. He mea ʻoi loa kēia i ka manawa o ke neʻe ʻana aku i ka hope o ka hele mai, i ka manawa e ukali ai nā martens iā lākou, e haʻalele i nā ʻāina i noho ʻia.
Aia nā ʻōkuhi lā ma nā wahi i kapa ʻia, kahi hele aneane ʻole ʻo martens, a kapa ʻia nā inoa he "hunting." I ke kauwela, he 'āʻele ke' kua ma nā wahi hopu ai inā lawa ka 'ai. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia ke ʻauhau nui nei, a me ka nui o ka ʻai.
Nā mea maʻamau
ʻO Marten a me ka nahele nā manaʻo i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, no ka mea e makemake kēia holoholona i ka mea kanu lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia, ʻupena a i ʻole nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, me ka wahi o ka noho - ʻākau a hema paha.
No ko lākou mea ola, koho ke ʻohana i nā pālani me ka nui o nā lāʻau i hāʻule, a me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka heleʻana o nā aniani a me nā mea ʻōpio liʻiliʻi ʻōpio he mea nui loa.
Loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Marten ma nā wahi papa, me nā mauna, ma ke alo o nā mea kanu. Hiki ke loaʻa pū ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a me nā liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Makemake kekahi mau mea e noho i waena o nā pōhaku a me nā mea hoʻokomo. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o kēia ʻohana i ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ma ke kānāwai he marten pōhaku, kahi hiki ke loaʻa ma hope o ka hale o kekahi kanaka.
ʻO kekahi manawa hoihoi. No ka marten, he ʻano hiʻohiʻona e pālahalaha ʻia ma ka hapa o ka hapanui Euro-ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole like me kekahi o nā poʻe ʻelele o ka ʻohana "marten".
Tyra
Hoʻopili ʻo Tyra i nā martens, akā nona kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe (Eira). Hoʻonohonoho 'ia i nā nui nui,' oi aku ke kino o ke kino o ke kino, lōʻihi nā wāwae. Noho ana ma nā ulu lāʻau ʻAmelika mai Mekiko a ʻAmelika a ma ka mokupuni o Trinidad.
Hoʻohana ʻo Tyra i nā manu, nā momi liʻiliʻi a me nā huaʻai, pinepine e hōʻino nui i ka kanu lāʻau.
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
Noho kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻano like ʻole i ka Japanese sable. ʻ varieslelo ka kala i ke gula a ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka momona i kahi kaomi ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka pine marten
Hoʻopuni ka ʻāina ākea o Eurasia i nā luna o kēia ʻano. Noho ka Martens ma ka nahele i kekahi wahi nui. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi e hoʻomaka ana mai Great Britain a e hoʻopau nei me Western Siberia, Caucasus a me nā mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, Iran a me Asia Minor.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i ke ʻano o nā nahele i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole i loaʻa pinepine nā conifers. Auka pinepine ka marten i noho i nā mauna i ke kuahiwi, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi aia kahi kumu lāʻau.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i nā lāʻau me nā hollows. Ma ke kahua ākea hiki iā ia ke hele wale no ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā wahi kūpono o nā pōhaku no ka marten he wahi kūpono ʻole ia.
ʻAʻohe noho paʻa i ka pēpē melemele. Ua mālama ʻo ia i nā lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 mika, ma nā puʻu poloka, nā nalo, nā pale, a me nā puʻu makani. I nā wahi, e pau ka holoholona no ka hoʻomaha o kahi lā.
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pua nani, hoʻomaka ka mea nāna e ʻimi, a ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ka wahi ma kahi e. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā frosts koʻikoʻi, he loli paha kona kūlana ola, noho ka marten no ka manawa lōʻihi e noho nei i loko o ka puʻu, e ʻai ana i nā lako i mālama ʻia i mālama mua ʻia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka pine marten i ka noho mamao loa i nā kānaka.
Nā kiʻi o ka Marten ikaika i ka nānā aku iā ia me ka manaʻo a me kekahi makemake ʻole hiki ke lawe i ka holoholona i kona mau lima a me kahi hahau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe hahai manu no kēia mau holoholona ʻoi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nahele nāhelehele i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka marten, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana no lākou e ola a hoʻoulu. Marten ma Rusia no ka mea ke manaʻo nui ʻia i nā holoholona waiwai nui ma muli o ka waiwai o kona hulu.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
E makemake ana ka pine marten i mea ola a hānai i nā lāʻau ma mua o nā mea āpau o kāna ʻano. Piki aku ʻo ia i kā lākou mau kahi noho. Kōkua kona hiolo e hoʻokūkū me ia, lawelawe ʻo ia no ka marten, kahi huila, a i kekahi manawa he parachute, mahalo nui iā ia e lele ka holoholona a ʻaʻohe hopena.
ʻAʻole weliweli loa nā luna o nā kumulāʻau i kēia manawa, neʻe koke ia mai ka lālā i kekahi a hiki ke lele i ʻehā mau mika. Ma ka ʻāina, e lele ʻo ia nō hoʻi. He mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻauʻau, akā he lōʻihi loa ia.
I ke kiʻi he pine marten i kahi hollow
He holoholona dexterous a wikiwiki hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke uhi koke i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO kona ʻano kūpono o ka ʻono, ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, e kōkua nui ana i ka wela. Ma kona ʻano, he holoholona wīwī a wiwo ʻole. Ma waena o lākou iho, kamaʻilio nā martens me nā purrs a me nā ulu, a me nā leo e like me ka twitter e hiki mai ana i nā pēpē.
Pākuʻi a me ke ola o ke ola ʻo ka pine marten
I ke kauwela, hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e wikiwiki. Hoʻokahi mau kāne kāne i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha wahine. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa pinepine ka martens i ka holo hoʻopunipuni. I kēia manawa, hana lākou i ka palaualelo, lilo i ʻano kaua a hoʻolauna wale, akā ʻaʻole i hana ka moena.
Hānau ka wahine a ka wahine ma 236-274 lā. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, mālama ʻo ia i ka pā a noho a ma laila ke ʻike ʻia nā pēpē. Ua hānau ʻia he 3-8 cubs. ʻOiai ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka hulu liʻiliʻi, ua makapō a me nā kuli.
ʻO nā kiʻi pine marten ʻōpio
Hoʻokiʻoki wale ka lohe ʻana i ka lā 23 wale nō, a hoʻomaka ka maka i ka ʻike ma ka lā 28. Hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā pēpē no ka lōʻihi o ka ʻimi. I ka hihia kūpono e pono ai, lawe ʻo ia iā lākou i kahi wahi palekana.
I nā mahina ʻehā, hiki i nā holoholona ke noho ma luna o lākou iho, akā no kekahi manawa ke ola nei lākou me ko lākou makuahine. Noho ka marten a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻo ke ola o kona ola he 15 mau makahiki ia.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO kahi ākea ka laulā loa. Ola ʻo Marten ma nā wahi āpau a pau nā kuahiwi a me nā kuahiwi me nā mea kanu ulu, kahi e ulu ai ke anuanu a maloʻo paha. ʻO nā wahi punahele ka pālahalaha ākea, coniferous a i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau a pau a me nā ʻaoʻao i haʻalele ʻia. Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā holoholona ma muli o kā lākou ʻano:
- ka pine marten makemake i ka pine, coniferous a me nā ʻōpala hui like ʻole o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻAsia, ua koho i nā piʻoniʻu mai Western Siberia a i nā mokupuni Baltic, noho nō hoʻi i ka Caucasus a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Hikina,
- ua ʻike ʻia ka pōhaku marten ma luna o nā wahi pōhaku i kokoke ma waena o Eurasia, mai Himalaya a hiki i ka Iberian Peninsula, hana nō hoʻi ia ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wiscontin (USA).
- Noho ʻo Kharza i nā panalāʻau Ussuri a me Amur o Rūsia, ka ʻaoʻao hikina a me ke kūkulu hema o Kina, nā mauna Himalayan a me ʻAsia ʻĀsia,
- Noho ʻo pine pine ʻ pinelelo ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema, ua hoʻopuni ʻia nā wao mai New Mexico a hiki i Alaska,
- Noho ʻo Nilgir marten ma nā puʻu o Nilgiriya, ma nā kuahiwi o nā Ghats komohana - loaʻa kēia ʻano holoholona wale nō ma ke kūkulu hema
- Noho ʻo Ilka i ka hikina, a i ke komohana, a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika waena, e komo pū ana me nā mauna mauna o Kaleponi a hiki i nā palena o West Virginia.
He mau iwi lahilahi o ka genen huaʻai i ka ʻāpana Kepani, a ke noho nei ʻo ia ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi i nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana (Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu), a me nā ʻĀkau a me Kāleena Hema.
ʻĀnō ke ola
I ka hoʻopio ʻia, lawe pinepine ka marten i nā ʻano a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - i lilo ia i home, a i ʻole ka huhū. Me kahi hopena maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ola a hiki i 15 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. I loko o ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi mea kuhi koʻikoʻi ke noho i nā makahiki 11-13, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ke hiki pinepine ʻole i kēia makahiki. E hoʻokūkū ka holoholona i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi e alakaʻi ai i kona make.
Pēlā nō hoʻi i ka hihiu, ʻike nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka noho lāʻau i loko o ka marten a me ka mea hoʻokūkū, a me kekahi pāʻina awakea. ʻO nā ʻenemi ikaika loa nona ka fox, ka lynx a me ka ʻōlio, a me nā manu dexterous - ka ʻōlule ʻaeto, ke kālele gula a me ka ʻawī.
Akā ʻo ke kumu nui loa no ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka holoholona i ke kāne. Hulu ʻaina Marten mau ke kūʻai ʻia i nā manawa a pau. ʻOiai i nā ʻano pālahalaha nui, e like me ka marten pōhaku a i ʻole ka melemele, ʻaʻole ia i uku nui ʻia.
Marten Hunt
ʻO ka holoholona marten he holoholona waiwai kālepa. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai ma ka mahina ʻo Nowemapa a mau a hiki i Malaki, ʻo ka nui o ka hulu o ka holoholona ma ka palaka. I ka pūnāwai, kūlohelohe ka ʻili a hoʻohaʻahaʻa, a laila luku ʻia ka mea wili e like me ka mea ʻala (ʻoi aku ka marten pōhaku, ka mea e hōʻeha i nā mea mahiʻai). ʻO ka hapa pinepine o nā martens i hopu ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā mokulele.
ʻO ka Nilgir Harza lāua ʻo Iapana Sable e pale ʻia e ke kānāwai. Marten Hunt kekahi o kēia mau lālā kūʻokoʻa o ka genus Kunih ua pāpā ʻia. Ua ʻae ʻia nā poʻe wānana ʻē aʻe e hopu inā loaʻa kekahi laikini hoʻokahi manawa, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai no ka ʻano holoholona. Ke hopu nei i kahi marten me ka ʻole o kēia palapala palapala, manaʻo ʻia ka hopu ʻana a e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai.