ʻAiʻoki ʻiʻo mea ʻai ʻole i ʻai ʻole i nā ʻīpoki:
Hanalei Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus)
Ma Kelemania, Farani a me ʻEnelani, ua kapa ʻia kēia manu me he "ʻoi ʻoi", akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e ʻai i ka pala. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pahakela magpie hoʻonaninani no ka eli ʻana i ka huluhulu liʻiliʻi mai ka pā a me ke silt. ʻO kāna meaʻai ka ʻōpala, nā crustaceans, nā pepeke insect, nā snails liʻiliʻi. ʻO wai lā ka 'oi' oi, e hiki iā ia ke uha i ka 'īa o ka' ōpau ola, e ho'ōla, e kolo ana i kahi ku e like me ka hamare, a lawe paha i kahi nū make i kiola 'ia e ke kai mai ka hee. ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻoi aʻe - hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻōpala. ʻAʻole lawa i nā oysters no kēia mau mea hana. Eia nō naʻe, ke kumukūʻai o kēia hana kuhihewa i nā ola o nā kaukani o lākou i ka makahiki 1974 ka poʻe nona nā ʻoki ʻoki i loko o UK, kahi o nā kahu ʻai mai ka ʻĀkau nui i hoʻopau i ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa ka ʻae e pana i nā "pōpoki." ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, aia kēia mau mea i ka wā ma mua, eia lākou ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopau wale ʻia, akā, ma ke ʻano ʻē, haʻaheo. No kekahi laʻana, no ka mokupuni ʻo Faroe, ʻo ia kahi o ka Tenima, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pagpie he manu hōʻailona ia.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - e pili ana i 40 cm.
ʻO ke kaumaha he 0.5 kg.
E lilo i kanaka makua i nā makahiki 3 o.
Noho ʻo Magpies ma ke kahakai o nā kai, nā loko a me nā kahe nui, ua hoʻihoʻi ka laulā o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka ʻaoʻao o nā kahakai o ka wai moana a me nā wai hohonu. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻepekema ʻikepili i ʻekolu subspecies: hoʻokahi nests ma Western Europe, ʻo kekahi ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Russia a me Central Asia, a me ke kolu o Kamchatka, Kina a me Korea. ʻ differlelo nā subspecies i nā lei o ka plumage a me ka lōʻihi o ka beak, e hoʻonui ai i ka hikina. Ma Lūkia, ua loaʻa nā ʻekolu subspecies, a me ka Central Asia, i kapa ʻia ka ʻāina nui, ua kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻAʻole e like me nā koena, ʻaʻole ka noho nui o ka sandpiper mainland i ke kai, akā ma nā kapa o nā kahawai nui. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waipuna a me ka hana ʻana o nā wahi noho waihewa i kēia mau manu o nā pūnaewele i kūpono no ka pili. E mālama iā lākou, aia nā wahi i loaʻa i nā wadie ka mekie i waiho ʻia i ka wā kanu. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele ʻo Magpie i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika Hema a ma kahi o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā holoholona nui. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i hiki i nā ʻōpala o kēia ʻano ke ʻano i kahi kuhikuhi o ke olakino o ke ʻano: ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā poʻe ma nā wahi me nā wahi noho ʻole noho ʻole.
ʻAʻole hiki ke nānā ʻia nā mea mālama ʻumiʻumi: he mau luhi loa lākou, leo nui, paʻa ʻia e nā hui nui a ʻaʻole huna ma nā mea āpau. E like me nā mea pena ʻē aʻe, holo wikiwiki lākou, lele lele i ka manawa, akā e lele maikaʻi hoʻi, e kū ana i ka wā e hopu ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. I ka wā hana o ka noho ʻana, hoʻololi i kēia mau mea hilahila palupalu, i ko lākou ʻano: ua hoʻi aku lākou, a me ka hoʻouka kaua. Pono kēia e pale i ka masonry, kahi i waiho ākea ma luna o ke one, nā ʻōpū a me nā pebbles, ma kahi puka liʻiliʻi e kokoke ana i kahakai, a ulu i nā moa. I loko o ka nīnū, aia mai 2 a 4 mau huaʻai, ka hapa pinepine - ʻekolu. Hoʻopau nā mākua iā lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. ʻAʻole alakaʻi ka mea pā poʻomanaʻo pālua i nā pīkoi, akā e hānai iā lākou, e lawe ana i ka meaʻai i kā lākou mau lāʻau, a ʻo ia pū kekahi.
ʻO ke hele ʻana o ka mea pena leta Magpie
He hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kēia manu e maʻalahi ia e ʻike. He manu liʻiliʻi kēia e pili ana i ka nui o ka lele.
ʻO ka paona o ka pālela pāleke he 420 - 820 g., Roa o ke kino 40 - 50 cm, mau ʻēheu 80 - 87 cm.ʻae ke ʻano o kahi manu ka mea ʻoniʻoni, ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo.
I ka wā e moe ai, ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo, ke alo o ka kua, ʻo ka piko o ka umauma, ka hope o ka huelo, ka pihi a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e uhi ʻia o ka manu makua i ʻāpala ʻia me kekahi metela. Ma luna o nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele kahi poloka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ke kolu o ka ʻēheu, nā ʻaoʻao, ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino o ka manu i keʻokeʻo ʻia. Ma lalo o ka wahie panie Magpie aia kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o kēia sandpiper he lōʻihi lōʻihi 8 - 10 cm he aniani o ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻĀina ʻulaʻula hoʻi nā iris. ʻĀhinahina nā wāwae i ʻulaʻula a pōkole. I ka wā hemo, e nalowale ana ka ʻike o ka metallic o ka plumage. I kēia manawa, kahi wahi e like me ka hapalua o ka ʻāʻī o ke keʻokeʻo e hele mai i ka ʻeha ʻā.
Sandpiper Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus).
Aia nō i ka wā o ka ʻohi, ʻo ka pau o ka beak ua ʻike maka ʻia i ka manu. Hoʻomaka a male ʻole nā mea male demorphism i kēia mau manu, no laila, ʻaʻole i like ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona kāne a nā kāne. ʻOkoʻa nā manu ʻōpio i nā pākeke ma ke kue brownish o ka wahi ʻeleʻele o ka plumage. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻohe wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu. Loaʻa i nā wāwae o nā ʻōpala'ōpiopio mau nā kala hina. ʻO ka beak ʻeleʻele wale i ka waihona, ke koena i ʻalā ʻia ma ka hina hina.
Noho ʻole ʻo Magpie he kanahā
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi o ka Magpie i ʻekolu mau wahi ʻokoʻa mai kēlā me kēia. Noho ka poʻe ʻōpiopio a pau ma ka ʻāina o Eurasia. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o nā kānaka i kahi ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO nā subspecies o ka Sandpiper Magpie ʻokoʻa i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka plumage, ka lōʻihi o ka beak a me ka nui o ka manu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Sandpiper Magpie i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia i lilo i wahi i lilo ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka hana kanaka.
Northern Sandpiper Magpie is a subspecies nominative. Aia kona wahi ʻuʻuku ma ke kahakai o nā kahakai o Islandia a me ʻEulopa. E kahele nui ʻia kēia subspecies ma ka ʻĀkau nui o ʻAmelika, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ma ke Komohana Hikina. Ma ka wahi o ke Komohana Akau, ka nui o ka heluna o kēia subspecies ka nui loa. Mai aneʻi aku, pili ka hohonu o nā subspecies i ka ʻāina nui, a hoʻonoho i nā awāwa kahawai. ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi ke loaʻa i ka sandpiper ʻākau i loko o nā wai o uka o Suedena, ka Netherlands, Turkey, ʻĀina, ʻIkelani, a me ke kahakai ʻo ʻArūkika Nui a kū i ka waha o ka muliwai Pechora ma ka hikina.
ʻO ka mauhele nui i ka ʻāina kai ma ʻElopa Wahine, ma Asia Minor a me Western Siberia a hiki i nā kahe o nā kahawai Abakan a me Ob ma ka hikina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Rūsia, kahiʻano sporadic ka laululu. Eia kēia mau manu i ʻike ʻia ma nā awāwa a me nā punawai o nā kahe e like me ka Northern Dvina, Volga, Don, Pechora, Desna, Irtysh, Ob a me Tobol.
I ka wā inkubation, e hoʻokuʻi nei i kahi 'koi', e hana hou ana i ka "wikiwiki-wikiwiki, wikiwiki, me kona beak i lalo.
ʻO Far East sandpiper magpie ka subspecies hikina. Aia nā ʻōpū i kēia kahawai i ka ʻūlaki Kina, ma ke komohana o Korea, ma Primorye a me Kamchatka.
Kau Lila Makela ʻo Magpie
ʻO nā biotope e pili ana i nā mokupuni, nā haʻalulu i nā awāwa wai, nā kahakai, a me nā kahakai.
Hiki i kēia sandpiper ke loaʻa ma nā kapa o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi kokoke i ko lākou waha.
ʻO ke ola ola o kēia manu ua pili pono ia i ke ʻano o ka ebbs a me ka kahe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻihoʻi ka wai i nā ʻāpana o ka lalo ma kahi o ke kai ka nui o ka nui.
I ka waiho ʻana o ka pahie, he 3 mau kuwalelu o ke kala hina-ʻulaʻula me nā pua hina poʻohiwi a me nā ʻili ʻulaʻula nui.
Hōʻai ʻo Magpie
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o nā makika makie i hoʻomā ʻia nā ʻano invertebrates, e like me ka polano polychaete, mollusks, nā pepeke a me nā mea kanu. I kekahi manawa e ʻai ai kēia manu i ka iʻa. I nā noho ola ma nā kai kai, ʻo ka hana nui i ka meaʻai e hoʻokani ʻia e bivalves: mussels, heart-heart, Baltic mackerel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma nā kapa o nā wai wai kūloko a me nā waha o ka muliwai, nā pepeke a me nā mahele, a me nā ʻūhā, ke kumu o ka ʻai.
ʻO Sandpiper Magpie kahi manu huhū nui a ʻano nui. I ka wā hānai, ʻaʻole kī nā hakakā a me nā skirmish ma waena o nā manu ma luna o ka mea hānai. I ka wā e hānai ai, ʻai nā manu i ka ʻāʻā maʻa a i nā ʻōpala me kā lākou beaks lōʻihi.
Ke waiho nei nā pīkē Downy i ka nahele ma ka lā mua, akā i ka manawa mua, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hahai i kā lākou mau mākua a loaʻa kūloʻi i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī.
Magpie hoʻoulu
Hoʻomaka nā manu ma ke ʻano o ka makahiki ʻehā o ke ola. ʻO Sandpiper Magpie ka manu manu monogamous. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻōpiopio paʻa i ke ola o kēia mau manu. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā lā male ke heʻe.
Hoʻomohala kēia mea i ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai kekahi o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻololi i ka hoa, a me nā kūlana no ka hoʻokūkū ikaika ʻana no ke kāne kāne a i ʻole ka wahi noho. E hoʻomaka ana i ke kuikahi ma ka waena o ʻApelila.
I ka manawa pinepine, ua hoʻi kekahi mau kāne i kahi kahua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i noho ai i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua.
He hana hānai ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi kāne e hele wāwae ana a lele paha i hope i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻōho ʻana i nā ʻāʻī a me nā puʻupuʻu elongated. Ma ke kaʻina hana, ua hūnā lūlū ʻia nā manu i nā pālua, a hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi pā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia paena kona kahua hoʻoulu, kahi e mālama ai. Me kahi moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe o nā manu, hiki i nā nests ke kokoke loa i kēlā me kēia.
I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, neʻe kekahi mea keʻenehana ma ke kahakai i ka wai pāpaku, e hoʻouka ana i ka nuku i loko o ka wai a i ke one.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka Sandie Kapu o Magpie
ʻO kahi nūhou kekahi puka liʻiliʻi i loko o nā mea pebbles, sand, a i kekahi manawa ma ka mauʻu haʻahaʻa. Lā maʻa paha ka litter. Aia ka laulima ma luna o kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kula me ka ʻike maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi mea koʻikoʻi ke koho i kahi wahi no ka nano ka mea kokoke i ka wai.
Kūpono ʻia ʻo Clutch he 3 mau huaʻai, akā he 4 a me 2. I ka manawa incubation ka lōʻihi ma mua o 26 - 27 mau lā, i ka wā o ka wahine a me ke kāne i hoʻoipoʻi i nā hua manu.
I ka wā inkubation, ua maʻalahi loa ka pili i ka poʻe hoʻolaha, e komo pū ana me nā gull.
I ka wā hoʻolilima ʻana i ke ʻano, he mea momona no ka ʻūlū a me ka ʻūlū ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i waiho nā mākua iā ia me ka nānā ʻole i hoʻokahi minute. I ka lā mua ma hope o ko lākou helehelena ʻana, hiki loa i nā keikikāne ke haʻalele i ka nalo, akā nāwaliwali loa lākou a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻi a i ʻole ka hahai ʻana i ko lākou mau mākua. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i mamao kahi mamao o nā pīpī, a lawe mau nā mākua iā lākou i ka meaʻai ma kā lākou mau lāʻau. Ma kēia ala, e hānai ai nā kahu mea i nā heihei no 6 mau pule.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO keʻano
I loko o ka pā, kahi manu i kaulana ʻia. ʻO kahi mea i loaʻa i kahi māpoki hina nui e pili ana i ka nui o kahi o nā hina hina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 40-47 cm, ke kaupaona 420-8820 g, mau ʻāpana pihi 80–86 cm. He kūlike nā ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo. I kekahi manu ʻoi aku ka mea i ke kapa moe, ke poʻo, ke ʻāʻī, ka umauma, ma mua o ke kua, he liʻiliʻi a me ka uhi e uhi ana i nā ʻēheu a me ka welau ʻeleʻele, me kahi puʻupuʻu metala. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu ma luna me ke kaho keokeo transulate keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke koena o ka plumage - ma lalo, nā ʻaoʻao, ma lalo o ka eheu, nadhvost a kaulaʻi i ka lehelehe - keʻokeʻo. Aia kekahi maka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka maka.
Beak ʻalani-ʻulaʻula, kūloko, hoʻomoʻewaʻo ma hope, 8-10 cm lōʻihi.Akole nā pōkole no nā sandpiper, pinkish-ʻulaʻula. Mākou ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. I ka hāʻule, hāʻule ka lula metallic, kahi keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano o kahi semi-collar e kau mai ana ma ka ʻāʻī, ua ʻeleʻele ke kīʻaha o kahi beak. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine i waho o nā kāne. I nā manu ʻōpio, he peka ʻeleʻele nā mea ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻaʻohe ʻōpio ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka hina ma kahi ʻulaʻula lepo, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae, pōleʻele ka ua.
Holo a holo maikaʻi. Paʻa pololei ka lele, wikiwiki, me nā ʻēheu e lele pinepine ana, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka lele o nā polo. He manu kolohe ʻO ke kūmole nui, i hoʻoiho ʻia ma ka ʻāina a ma ka lewa, ʻo ka pahu nui loa o "kvirrrrr". I ka wā inkubation, e hoʻokuʻi i kahi 'oi', e hana hou ana i ka "wikiwiki-wikiwiki-wikiwiki", maʻamau me kona beak i lalo. ʻO ke mele hope loa, pinepine e wikiwiki a hoʻololi i ke kalepona, i kekahi manawa hele mau ʻia mai nā lālā ʻelua o nā kāne a i ʻole ʻāpana liʻiliʻi manuahi.
Nā kikowaena waena
ʻEkolu kahi kaʻawale mai kēlā me kēia ʻōleʻa mopie Sandpiper, maʻamau i Eurasia. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia mau namu i ke kūlana subspecies - ʻokoʻa like ka manu me ko lākou i ka nui, beak lōʻihi, a me nā hiʻohiʻona plumage color. Hoʻopiʻi inoa H. o. ostralegus (ʻāpana Sandpiper magpie) nā honu ma nā kahakai o ʻEulopa a me Iceland - ʻo ka ʻĀkau nui ʻo ʻAmelika akā, akā o ke Kaiʻāina ʻākau. Aia ka huakaʻi o ka lehulehu ma ka helu nui loa ma nā kahakai o ka ʻĀkau, mai kona wahi i uka ai i uka a hoʻonohonoho i nā n ona ma nā awāwa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka Rhine, Ems, Elba a me Weser. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ia i nā wai o uka o Scotland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey a me ke kahakai ʻo Arctic o Rūsia ma ka waha o Pechora.
Na palapala kapu H. o. nā pāpū lōʻihi (nāhele kai ʻāpana palpela-magpie) nā lua ma Asia Minor, ka ʻāina nui o East Europe a me Western Siberia hikina i ka ʻaoʻao Ob a me ka haʻahaʻa o Abakan. Ua kū pinepine ʻo ia ma Lūkia komohana, ʻo ka mea nui i nā awāwa o nā muliwai nui a me kā lākou mau puna: ʻo ka Don, Volga, Northern Dvina, Desna, Pechora, Ob, Irtysh, Tobol. ʻO ka hope loa, nā subspecies hikina H. o. ʻikepili (Far Eastern sandpiper-magpie) noho ʻo Kamchatka, Primorye, nā kahakai komohana o Korea a me ka'āina ʻākau. E like me nā waihona nui o ka moana Wadden ma kapakai o Netherlands, Kelemānia a me Denemaka, i Korea, ʻo nā manu i hūnā ma ka ʻalāʻau like ʻole o Samangam, e hele ana i nā kahawai o nā kahawai e holo ana i loko o ke Kai Kūʻai.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻohui pili ʻia ke ʻano o ka wailele hoʻomie pāie me nā ʻāpana tidal, kahi i ʻike ai ka manu. Būlio e pili ana i nā one - nā kapakai moana, nā mokupuni, nā awāwa mālie o nā kahawai nui a me nā kaʻe ke kai me nā pakanā poepoe, nāhelehele a i nā kahakai manuahi paha. Loaʻa ʻia kekahi ma nā kahawai liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā wahi e kahe ana lākou i loko o nā kino nui o ka wai. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ke hoʻonohonoho nei i kahi pūnana i nā ʻuʻu nāwaliwali, kahi e koho ai i nā wahi me ka mauʻu liʻiliʻi e ulu ana, a me nā māla ʻuala a me nā wahi e loaʻa ana i nā lua wai. Steep, i piha ʻia me ka mauʻu a me ka nahele, a me nā ʻāpana marshy e pale aku ai.
Kuhi o ka noho
E like me ke kānāwai, he ʻike migratory. Aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻEulopa, ka pua ʻana o kekahi mau manu i nā wahi ulu a hana i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi - no ka laʻana, he mau haneli haneli o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ke komohana hema o ʻEnelani a me nā kahakai o ka Wadden, kahi e pili pū ai nā manu e hui pū ana me nā neʻe ʻana mai nā Islandia, nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Nui Pelekane. ʻO Scandinavia a me Rūlani komohana. ʻO kekahi ʻaoʻao o nā manu e neʻe ana i ka hema i nā kahakai o ka Iberian Peninsula a me ʻEulopa ʻĀpika, a ʻo nā ʻāpana e kū i ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kaiʻula a hiki i North Africa. ʻO ka'āina hema me nā wadie magpie ʻo Ghana. Kūpono o Central Eurasia (subspecies nā pāpū lōʻihi) nā malihini pana mamao - ko lākou wahi hoʻoilo i ka ʻāpana ʻApika, ma ka Arabian Peninsula a ma India. Na palapala kapu ʻikepili wēkeke ma ka hikina hema.
E hoʻomaka koke ana ka haʻalele ʻana i ka wā kanu. I ʻEulopa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka makika mua i ka waenakonu o Iulai, akā, ʻo nā ʻalū kekahi i waiho wale i nā wahi e ulana ana i ka waena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa. Hoʻomaka ia e haʻalele i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hopena o Ianuali, a i ka hopena o ʻApelila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu. Ke hoʻolele nei i nā manu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mālama i ka pae kahakai a aia wale nō i kekahi mau hihia ua ʻike ʻia i kahi hohonu.