Uwe ʻia ka ʻōmaʻi, palaha ka palaka,
Palapala ʻaila Barley
Coleoptera (Beetles) - Coleoptera
Hoʻopau i ka pāpale maʻa Flea - He pua nui o nā mea kanu a me nā nāʻu. ʻO nā mea kanu nui: nā palaoa, ka kō, ka bale, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, fescue, millet, palaoa, oats, chumiza, kaolin. Ua hōʻino aku ia i nā hua o nā ʻala a Magaleb. Aia ma kahi o ka beets a me nā mea kanu cruciferous, ʻaʻohe ona ʻano nui. Hoʻopili i ka bisexual. ʻAno ka holomua. Palapala nui nāʻu. I ka wā ulu, e hoʻomohala kekahi hanauna.
Kaomi i ke kiʻi e hoʻonui
Laulima
Imago. ^ E Ha yM. Beetle 1.2 - 2 mm lōʻihi, 0.6 - 0.8 mm ākea, oval - oblong, convex, pronotum mua elytra. ʻO ka uliuli ke kumuʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ke poʻo a me ka pronotum me kahi pua a i ʻole a i nā kukui metallic a tint. Ma kēlā me kēia elytra, kahi kaula lōʻihi o ka melemele.
ʻO ke poʻo i uhi ʻia me nā koina keu ma mua o ka pronotum. ʻO nā kīwī ʻalani o ka elytra me nā paʻu koi, ma ke kumu ʻaʻole kūlou i waho a i ʻole i waho. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka palena suture mai waho mai e ka laina ʻelima o nā pala. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, ʻuliuli nā kuli.
ʻO nā papa ʻehā ʻehā o nā antennae he ʻulaʻula-melemele. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Elytra, i uhi ʻia me nā lālani nui o nā ʻōpū.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
Loaʻa nā poʻe maʻi i ka ʻōnaehana o nā genital. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona huluhulu ʻano like like ia me nā mea a pau o nā ʻelele a pau o ka ʻohana beetle leaf (Chrysomelidae).
ʻGpihi ʻokeʻeleʻele, 0,5 mm lōʻihi.
Larva keʻokeʻo, cylindrical ma kona ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻole Scleritis, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahele ʻōpū hope loa. Ua ikaika loa i ka sclerotized a lawe i kahi kaʻina spiky. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ka loaavili he 3.5 mm ka lōʻihi.
Phenology o ka holomua (i nā lā)
Hoʻohui
Imago overwinter in the belts forest, gully, ravines, nga nahele i ka ʻaoʻao luna luna and under o nā lepo lepo. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā wahi hoʻoilo i nā palena me nā māla. Ala ala lākou i ka pūnāwai a ma ke mahana o + 8 ° C - + 10 ° C lele a hiki i ka mahina ʻai. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻai hoʻoilo a me nā mea kanu ʻaiwā. A laila lele lākou i nā mea kanu o nā hua kanu. ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa i ka palaoa, bale a me ka palaoa, ʻaʻole iʻa pinepine i nā ʻō.
Ka manawa ʻai nānā i ke ea wela + 17 ° C - + 20 ° C. ʻO kēia ka manawa o ka hana nui o nā pīpī. I kēia manawa, hana ikaika lākou a pālahalaha. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu i ka lepo i ka hohonu o 1 a 3 cm.
ʻGpihi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka embryo ma muli o nā kūlana o ka wā.
Larva ua hōʻike a hoʻomohala ʻia i ka lepo. ʻAi lākou i ka aʻa liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i nā mea kanu.
Kaumaka. ^ E Ha yM. Kahu nui ʻōleʻa i nā ʻanuʻu ʻeleʻele, ma nā wahi hānai. Hoʻomaka ʻo Pupa ma kahi o ʻelua pule.
Imago e puka mai i waho pupae i ka lua o ke kauwela. Ke hoʻonui wikiwiki nei ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio. I kēia manawa, hoʻopau lākou i nā lau o nā ʻano cereals like ʻole, e hōʻeha i ka palaoa. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, lele nā pīpī makua i nā wahi hoʻoilo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona. ^ E Ha yM. E ulu ka hanauna i ka makahiki.
Nā pili lāʻau Morologically
Ma ka morphology (nānā), ua kokoke ka pākeke i nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Phyllotreta schreineri. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka nui o nā ʻili pahū ma ke poʻo a me ka pronotum, a he keleawe ikaika, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka palaho uliuli. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kaila o ka elytra a kū i loko o ke kumu, a ma waho o nā poʻohiwi e hele kokoke mai lākou i ka ʻaoʻao ma hope. ʻAkuhi ʻole nā kiko o nā kaulahao, e hoʻololi i ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO Tibiae lāua ʻo tarsi i melemele keʻokeʻo.
Eia kekahi ma kahi o kēia ʻano ʻehā, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻinekela light light (Fyllotreta nemorum), kahi e loaʻa ai i ka morphology i nā pākeke me nā loakui Bread-striped (Phyllotreta vittula).
Kahi helu
Wahi a ka wahi i ka helu ʻana o nā holoholona, ua ʻoka nā kolo i ka ʻōmole Coleoptera, a i ʻole Beetles, ka ʻohana ʻohana o nā puaʻupu, nā genus Chaetocnema.
ʻO kahi pili pili pono o ka loea palaoa ka mea ʻē aʻe o ka hua ʻai - ʻai. ʻO ia ke kaikunāne o ko mākou heroine, a no nā genus Phyllotreta. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike ai, ua hōʻeha nui ka lāʻau i ka ʻōpala o nā mea kanu, aʻo ka loea ʻai i kā nā lau.
ʻO keʻano
Kahi liʻiliʻi ka ʻōhua ʻai, a hiki i ʻelua milimita ka lōʻihi a ʻewalu hapa o ka kenekoa pālahalaha, he ʻeleʻele me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻelua a ka lōʻihi. No kēia ʻano, ʻo ka manuahi ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo flea.
Hoʻoiho ʻia ka moʻomeheu pilikino i kēia mau pepeke, akā naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o nā ʻelele o nā kāne like ʻole. Aʻo kēia pili pili i ke ʻano o nā hua genital.
ʻO kā mākou kōkua! ʻO ka dimorphism ka moe wahine e pili ana i nā ʻike kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
ʻAumea
ʻO ka loilo-mau i ka popo kahi pōpoki he weliweli pōkā o nā puna kamaliʻi a me ka bale. Hana ʻino ʻia ka ʻōpala a me nā iʻa. ʻO nā mea kanu hānai i hoʻoulu ai i ka palaoa, bale, rye, millet, palaoa, chumizu, ryegrass, palaoa huʻu, fescue, bluegrass a me nā mea ʻuʻuku. Maʻa pinepine e hōʻeha ʻia i ka beets sugar, nā hua kanu kanu, anise a me nā lau antipka.
Hoʻopilikia i nā pōpoki makua, keu i ka pūnāwai. Kuhi nā Beetles i ka ʻiʻo mai ka lau o ka lau. ʻO nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia e like me nā kuʻekuʻe ākea a me nā wahi i pālahalaha ʻia a puni ka lau. I nā ʻeke, ua huki mua nā pākeke i nā kihi o nā lau, a laila ka pā i ka pā āpau. Me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi, lilo nā huaʻai i ka melemele-hina.
ʻO kaʻino i ka cereals puna i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hatching mai ka lepo, a me ka ʻole o nā komo, ua ʻohi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻololi ʻo ka hōʻeha i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, hōʻemi i ka huahana o nā cereals.
ʻO ka mea pōpilikia weliweli i nā makahiki me nā wā o ka puna wai.
ʻO ka paepae koʻikoʻi ua hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hua seedling, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā i ʻike ʻia he 300 mau pōpoki ma kēlā me kēia 100 pālani me kahi ʻupena kīmeni, a i ʻole he helu helu mau kanaka he 25-65 mau pīpī pākēneka o ka pā papahele.
Kālā
ʻOi ka nui o ka māhele ʻana o ka māla lau o ka lālani. Uhiia no ma aneane o Europa, North Africa, Central a East Asia. Ma ka Russian Federation, hiki ke loaʻa ka bug ma nā wahi āpau kahi e hānai ʻia ai nā hua ʻai: mai Kaliningrad a Nakhodka.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, noho nā pōkole i nā nahele, nā māla, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i nui i ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu ulu.
Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu
ʻO nā huaʻai, ʻo ia ka mea kanu puna, nā mea hōʻino i nā mea kanu cereal. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua hōʻino lākou i ka pūnāwai puna a me ka bale, akā ʻaʻole nui nā pīpī i nā oats.
Hoʻopili aku i kēia mau mea kanu, ua kīleʻa nā fleas palaoa kīleʻa i nā mea kanu.
- palaoa
- rai
- millet
- Chumiz,
- ryegrass
- nā mea kanu ʻaiu: ʻo ka mauʻu palaoa, fescue, bluegrass.
He hoihoi! ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o nā pōpoki, i kahi kaʻi mane i māla ʻia, ʻo nā ʻōpio ka mea ʻino loa i nā mea kanu, akā nā pākeke.
E ʻai ana nā beetles ma kahi o ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lau o ka lau, no laila e haʻalele ana i ka mea kanu o ka hapa nui o ka chlorophyll.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ka pīpī mau pākeke i ka wā lūlū e hāʻule ai i ka hoʻoilo i nā wai ʻauamo, ma nā puʻu lāʻau, nāhelehele a me nā kaola ʻaʻole i mamao i nā lulu. Aia ma lalo o kahi papa o nā lau, ola lākou i ke anuanu o ka makahiki.
I ka wā e mahana ai ka lā puna i ka ea i ka 7-11 degere Celsius, lele ka ʻai kolo i ka ʻōpala me nā mea cereal hihiu a me nā māla e lulu ʻia ana me nā hua o ka hoʻoilo, a laila, ma hope o nā pua wai, i nā hua kanu, kahi e kū ai nā lau lau nui loa a ākea.
I ke pāʻana o 17-20 degere, hoʻomaka nā palaʻai e moe. Ma hope o kēlā, moe ka wahine i loko o ka lepo i ka hohonu o 1-3 mau kenimika liʻiliʻi, hapalua mau kenimike lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻona hoʻi nā ʻāpana ʻoniʻoni.
ʻAʻole liuliu, e pili ana i nā kūlana o ke aniani, ka puka mai o nā hua pua mai nā hua, kahi hana hewa ʻole i nā mea kanu kuʻuna. ʻAi lākou i nā kumu liʻiliʻi o ka cereals a me nā nāhelehele. Eia, ma ka papakū o luna o ka ʻāina, nā kaukanilima. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like nā ʻōkuhi me nā hua liʻiliʻi, 3,5 mm ka lōʻihi, ka ʻōpū melemele me ʻekolu mau wāwae a ʻoi ka māhele hope o ke kino.
I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kauwela, puka nā ʻōpala palaoa kīpiopio mai ka pupae, a hala ia i ka hoʻoilo, ma hope o ka hele mua ʻana ʻana o nā ʻano kanu o ka hoʻoilo.
I hoʻokahi manawa wale nō, ʻo ka loea lau kālai ʻia e hāʻawi i ka hanauna hoʻokahi o ke kō ʻana holoʻokoʻa.
Kāleka Pest
E pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i ke ahi ʻai pōkole, ʻelua ʻano hana.
ʻO ka hana mua, agrotechnical, ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hoihoi a pale i ka hohola ʻana o nā pōpoki. Hoʻokomo lākou i kēlā mau hanana:
- Ke hoʻopaʻa nei i ka wā līlū ma ka manawa e like me ka hiki. Mālama ka manawa manawa e lilo nā mea kanu i mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hōʻemi ai i kā lākou mea nani e like me kahi mea ʻai no ka loea palaoa.
- ʻAno pale i nā pā kolamu hua. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka wā e luku ai i nā mea kanu hoʻoulu.
- E hoʻopau ka palapala noi o nā minerala no nā loina me nā mea kanu lepo a me nā hua ʻōiwi.
- ʻO ka lūlū ʻana i ka hohonu kūpono e hoʻolilo i nā mea kanu e ulu wikiwiki, i mua o ka manawa no ka hanauna pepeke.
- Ke kīhāpai o ia ʻano ʻano cereals, ma ka palaoa, he mau lau lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana huki e komo ai ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi i kanu ʻia me nā pepeke manuahi o nā ʻano kuhikuhi:
- hui pūpū ʻōpala
- ʻO nā pyrethroids
- neonicotinoids.
Pono ʻia kēlā hana e lawe ʻia ma ke alo o 30-50 mau pōkoki no kēlā me kēia square square o ka pā ma ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike.
ʻO ka mea minamina, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i ke wikiō e pili ana i ka flea palaoa. Akā, ke hāʻawi nei mākou iā ʻoe i nā mea pili e pili ana i kahi pōloli sereal - ʻo ka pīpī Kuzka, na kona makuahine ʻo Nikita Khrushchev i hoʻohiki ai e hōʻike i ka poʻe ʻAmelika ma kāna ʻōlelo kaulana.
Lele ka Suetona
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kekahi kanaka pākahi o kahi lele Swaneke mai 1.5 a 3 mm, a ʻo 2 a 5 mau mau hele e hoʻoulu ʻia ai i ka makahiki. Noho ka ʻōkuhi ma loko o nā wahi a me nā spikelets o ka mea kanu.
E hōʻino lākou i nā ʻōpala nui a me nā lateral o nā cereals, me nā lau a me nā huapalaoa. ʻO nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka Swedia lele make a peʻe paha, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka hapalua o ka hua.
- hana kanu hua me ka mākaukau pale ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu nitrol,
- ka hoʻolō ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā insecticides i ka wā o ka haʻalele nui ʻana o ka lele holoholo Swedia a e kau ana i ka hua,
- uhle pala, hohonu koloa palau.
Lele Hessian
ʻO nā pepeke he ʻelua ʻehā nā ʻohana o nā mid midoline. Ua like ia me kahi makika i ke ʻano kino, aneane 2 mm ka lōʻihi.
Hessian lele - ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ka rye a me ka palaoa, e hoʻopili ana i ka bale a me nā mauʻu cereal ʻē aʻe. Kōlepika melemele-keʻokeʻo i loko o 1,5 mm ka lōʻihi e hānai i nā wai o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā lau. ʻO nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka lele a maloʻo a hāʻawi i kahi kumuhana liʻiliʻi, pinepine nā make i make.
Nā ala e hakakā ai i ka pūpū.
- ho'ōla pālaʻi i 3 mau pule ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana,
- koho o nā lā kūpono no ka lulu ʻana i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo,
- kanu ʻana i ka palaoa durum e hōʻemi ʻia i ka pōʻino maʻi,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pupuk phosphate.
Nā wili palaoa
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pololeka i nā pepeiao i loko o ka pepeiao a me nā pua ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. I ka pūnāwai, ua lilo ia i mea pākeke, ia i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pepeiao o ka palaoa e waiho i nā hua hou.
Kōniʻi ʻo Wheat i nā wai ʻala mai ka pepeiao a hōʻino iā ia. ʻO ka hana o ka inisini e alakaʻi i ka nāwaliwali o nā hua palapala a me ka hōʻemi o kā lākou helu.
Manaʻo alo kino
- ma hope koke o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻōpala nui a me ka lawaiʻa hohonu o ka ʻāina.
- male hoʻokō ʻana
- ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka phosphate fertilizers,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā meaʻala.
ʻAi lāʻau
ʻO nā huluhulu kīpī makua nā mea e hoʻopilikia nui loa ai i nā mea kanu. Hoʻopau lākou i nā mea like ʻO nā ʻōpala wai a me nā hoʻoilo, ʻai i nā hua ʻōpio palupalu a kīkole i nā mea ikaika i waho o nā spikelets. Hoʻopilikia ka lolo i nā aʻa o ka puna wai, ka lā a me ka palaoa, a me ka sugar beets.
- peʻa ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana,
- hohonu o ka ʻānai ʻana i mua o ka lūlū ʻana.
- ke ʻoki ʻana i ka palaoa i ka wā pono,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā insecticides.
Unuhi ʻia
Kēleʻa nei nā hua ʻai kai. ʻO ka pākeke he kīlepa ʻeleʻele i loko o 2 mm lōʻihi, ua keʻokeʻo ka larva, oblong, ma kahi o 3 mm lōʻihi.
ʻO ka loea palaoa ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka nui o nā mea kanu a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pūnāwai puna a me ka palaoa.
- ʻoki ʻana me nā hua manuahi
- kanu mua o nā hua kanu,
- e hoʻohālikelike nei i nā mahina me nā mea kanu.
ʻEmlelo
Kūpono ka ʻōleʻa, keʻokeʻo a hiki i 5 mm lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka ʻelemakule pōkole keleawe keleawe a hiki i ka 2,5 mm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻōpoki e hānai ana i nā māla i ka hua cereal e hōʻeha ai i ka nui o ka pōʻino, ʻo ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā hōʻino loa nā hua kanu puna a me ka palaoa, e hōʻemi i ka hopena palaoa i nā hoʻoilo a me nā mea mālama.
Ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pulima aiʻa:
- kanu mua o nā hua kanu,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu,
- e hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hua me nā iniseti,
- kele ʻōpala, hohonu nui o ka lepo i ka wā e ohi ai.
ʻAi lāʻau
ʻO nā ʻakaʻaka mau pūʻulu pūpū o nā pepeke mai ka ʻohana o nā puʻupuʻu. Ua hōʻino lākou i ka hānai a me nā cereals: hoʻoilo a me ka palaoa palaoa, a me ka rye a me ka bale. Ma muli o ka hana o ka pōʻaiapula, huli nā hua i ka melemele a maloʻo, ua pau ka huʻu i kāna mau pono meaʻai a me ka hiki ke kō.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hakakā:
- ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hana hou ʻana i nā hua a ka ʻai hua (microfanurus, telenomus),
- ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā iniseti,
- ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pau ʻana o ka wīwī wili i ukali ʻia e ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o nā ʻōwili maloʻo.
ʻO ka lau ʻoliwa
ʻO ka pākeke he pata pōpō a hiki i 2 cm lōʻihi, hina mālamalama i ka kala. Hiki i nā mea kanu e hānai ana i nā lau mea kanu i ʻeono mau makahiki i kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1-1.2 cm.
ʻO ka larva o ka lau kumulāʻau cereal twists i ka lau o ka mea kanu i loko o ka pīpī a me ka hānai i loko o ka wai i hoʻokumu ʻia, a ma kahi papa hope o ka hoʻomohala i komo i loko o ka spike a hōʻino ia. Ma nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā leaflet, nā hōʻohi āpau e kū mai nei ma muli o ka hōʻoki ʻia ʻana o kēia huaʻai e hiki ai i nā 15 keneta no hoʻokahi hectare.
- ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā rula hoʻokō ʻai,
- kaila: kemika me ka hana o nā iniseti makana i ke kumu o ka mākele o nā hua 100-150 m laulā.
Maʻamau
ʻO ka aphid maʻamau ka lāʻau kanu pepekohu leʻa. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻai, e hōʻeha ana i nā lau, a ma muli o ke ʻaka a maloʻo. Ke iho nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu, pau ka hua ʻana, make pinepine nā cereal aphids.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hakakā ka:
- palapa pala, hohonu hohonu o nā mahina i ka lā o ka hāʻule.
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka potash a me nā fertilizers Phorus,
- ke kanu mua ʻana o ka ʻai o ka pūnāwai,
- lāʻau lapaʻau me nā iniseti.
Nui
Noho kēia mania ma luna o nā mea kanu ʻai āpau, noho nā ʻōpala, nā lau a me nā pepeiao. ʻO ke kino e pili ana i ka 2.5-3 mm lōʻihi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi paona ʻulaʻula. Holo wikiwiki ia: ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, 10-12 mau lā hou o nā aphids hiki ke hele mai i loko o ke kauwela.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hualoaʻa i ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna o ka palaoa a me ka palaoa, me ka rye, ka iʻa a me ka palaoa.
Pest control:
- palupalu pala
- kanu mua o nā hua kanu,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kanu a hana iā lākou i pale aku i ka hōʻino.
ʻO ka palaoa Opomiza
ʻĀhinahina ka lele ʻana, a hiki i 4 mm lōʻihi. Hoʻopau ka hua hua i ka ʻāina, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, puka mai nā hua ʻōmaʻi mai o lākou, e ʻā ana i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā hua ʻai cereal, e hana ana i loko o lākou.
Hoʻokomo nā hana i ka palaoa i ka hoʻoilo, rye a me ka bale. I nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka opomosis, maloʻo nā lau mua mua, a laila i ka lāʻau.
- lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau me nā insecticides,
- ke koho ʻana i ka manawa kūpono no ka lūlū.
Lele
Aia ka pōpō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino makua a hiki i 5 mm, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻōpio keʻokeʻo, a hiki i 8 mm lōʻihi.
Hoʻokā ʻia ka palāʻau i loko o ka ʻōpū, e hana ana i ke ʻano koʻi o ke kuʻi ʻana. ʻO nā pua o nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, make loa.
Puhi e pili ana me ka lele ʻana i kahi huapalaoa:
- ka mālama kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo me nā insecticides,
- ʻōpala ʻōpala i hope koke iho o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa o ka hohonu o ka lepo.
- ʻO ka pāhili ʻana i nā kīʻaha marginal o nā mea kanu me nā insecticides.
ʻO ka makika Millet
ʻO kahi larva o ka makahiki hope he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ka pālule, he kino ʻōuli ke kino o ka pākeke ʻōpū. Me ka wā maikaʻi no ka wā kauwela-kauwela, ʻekolu a he ʻehā mau hanauna i mālama ʻia kēia pōpoki. Nā kinikini o Millet o ka mua o ka pūnāwai i waiho i nā hua ma luna o ka nāhelehele, a hoʻomohala nā huluhulu i loko o lākou.
Nui mau hanauna e kū mai ana i ka wā o ke kauwela populate millet i ka wā e ulu ai. Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā meaʻino i nā lau o ka mea kanu (voidness).
- Weed control with herbicides,
- ka mālama ʻana i ka foci o ka huakaʻi me nā iniseti.
ʻElia Nose
He pūnu melemele kona mau pili he 1 cm lōʻihi; ma ke kua aia kahi ʻano kīhiko o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele lōʻihi. Lāʻau a hiki i 7,5 mm lōʻihi, ke uhi ʻia me nā pehina pouli. Hoʻokele kahi hanauna e kūkulu i hoʻokahi makahiki.
Hoʻopilikia ʻo Elia i nā mea kanu o ka rye, ka palaoa, ka bale, ka oats. Hoʻokomo mua nā pua i nā wai ʻōpio o nā ʻōpio a me nā lau, a laila e ʻohi ai i ka palaoa. Mālama ka makua i nā cereals. ʻO ka mea kahiko ke hoʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka hua, i ka hopena - ʻo kona nui.
- noi ana i ka lawehala,
- make o nā larvae a me nā pākeke me nā inisini,
- ke ʻohi ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o nā kaloti ka lele ʻōpala. Pehea e hana ai i kēia mea ʻino, heluhelu ma ka ʻatikala.
ʻO nā delphacids he mau ʻūlū puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "puaʻa" kaulana. E ʻike ʻoe i nā mea a kēia mau mea ʻai e ʻai ai ma https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/delfacidy.html.
Ulu-poʻo hoʻi
He hele kaila ʻōpū o nā pākeke, lōʻihi a hiki i ka 1 cm. Nā anuanu nā hoʻoilo i lalo o ka hoʻoilo, a ma ka pūnāwai ua waiho lākou i kā lākou hua. ʻO kēia mau helehelena, pili i ʻelua mau mahina makua.
Hoʻonui ka lolo i ka palaoa, bale a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻai nā ʻōpio i nā kō. ʻO ka hana o ka pūpū e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka hua.
ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i kahi pōʻai koi:
- hua ʻōpala a me ka ʻōpala ʻana i nā māla ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā insecticides.
Pono nā kumu o nā hua ʻai, ka mea nui i ka waiwai nui a noho i nā wahi he nui, pono ka mālama pono. Hōʻike i ka ʻike o nā pono hoʻomehana pest a me kā lākou noi manawa e pale ai i ka nalowale i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka hua i hiki ai i kēia mau pepeke ke kumu.
Hōʻike ʻia o kahi loea palaoa
ʻO nā beetles o kēia ʻano i ka lōʻihi hiki i 1.5-2.5 mm. Kāleka ke kala me ka hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo a pali keleawe hoʻi. ʻO ka paleka i kā ʻia ʻia ka poli i kahi aniani ākea ākea ma ka elytra. Aia nā puʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao parietal o ke poʻo a me ka lae.
Holo nui ka palaoa (Chaetocnema aridula).
ʻO Larva melemele, a hiki i ka 3,5cm ka nui. Ua uhi ʻia kona kino me nā lauoho sparse. I ka ʻāpana hope o ke kino he kiko. ʻO nā kolo palaoa he 3 mau wāwae o ka wāwae pectoral.
Nā ʻano ʻai palaoa
ʻElua mau ʻano ʻoi palaoa ʻana:
Paleka iʻa palaoa he kino convex o ke ʻano ovoid. ʻAno ke kala he keleawe pōpō me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻūhā mua i ʻulaʻula ʻia i ka kala. Aia nā puʻupuʻu ma ke poʻo a i mua hoʻi.
ʻAno kūloko ke ʻano o ka wī (Chaetocnema hortensis).
Kaʻa ʻai nui - kala kala keleawe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 2.5-3 milimita. Aia kekahi mau puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ma ka pronotum a me ka mua, a ʻo nā mea i waena o lākou e pālua i ka nui o nā ʻāpana ponoʻī.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Pahuila Habitat flea
Hōʻalulu ʻia nā ʻaka ʻai ma ka ʻ Europeanulopa o Rūsia, ma Siberia a me Central Asia, ma ka Far East, ʻo Caucasus a me Transcaucasia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea inikua a me nā kōlepa i ʻEulopa i ʻEulopa, Kina, North Africa. Ke kūlohelohe nei, loaʻa lākou i nā mahi me nā hua cereal, me nā ʻano a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. No ka hoʻoilo, holo nā pale ma nā lau hāʻule i ka ulu lāʻau a me nā pope. ʻAʻole lākou e lele i kahi mamao o ko lākou wahi meaʻai. ʻAi nā palu i nā mea kanu anu. Akā me ka puka ʻana mai o nā pūnāwai puna wai e hānai nui ana iā lākou.
Hōʻike a me nā ʻano o ka wela palaoa
ʻO ka inoa kūpono no ka inikō he pulima ʻaila palaka, i hōʻike ʻia e ʻelua mau ʻano.
- kohi - ke kala keleawe pōmaikaʻi me ke kino convex ovoid i ka lōʻihi mai ka 1.5 a hiki i 2,5 milimita,
- ka nui - me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 3.2 milimetro.
Ma waena o lākou iho, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, akā ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā kumu e kau ana ma ka lae a me ke kua. I loko o ka ʻōhaka kuʻi, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā kihi e like me ko lākou nui, a i kahi nui he ʻelua no ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā kumu. ʻO ka like wale nō, hoʻokahi like nā inikua me kekahi. He kapa elongated, he keokeo o ke kala ʻeleʻele me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, me nā kaila melemele ma ka elytra. ʻAi ʻo ka ʻoi palaoa ka ʻai i nā lau huaʻai, aʻo ka mea nui e ʻai i nā lau. Ma ka moekolohe, paʻakikī nā holoholona i hoʻokaʻawale, ʻo ke ʻano wale o ke ʻano o nā genital e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻelele o kekahi wahine mai kekahi.
Hoʻokumu nā pepeke i hoʻokahi hanauna. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi ana ka pā ʻana o ka ea, hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka hua ʻōlapa ma ka papale papa. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pua ke hoʻopilikia i kahi pōʻino nui i ka hua cereal. ʻAi lākou i ka nāhelehele a me nā aʻa liʻiliʻi lāʻau. ʻOiai, ke ulu nei nei, neʻe lākou i ka ʻehā o nā mea kanu, e ʻoki ana i ka wai wai mai lākou. Akā, i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kauwela, ka pupae, e huli ana i mau pīpī makua, ua hoʻokō i nā ʻōpala mālie o nā cereals hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā hua oval keokeo e hele ana i ka nui a hiki i ka hapalua o ka milimita. Mai lākou mai ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā ʻōpū pale ākea a hiki i 1-2 milimita ka lōʻihi, a laila nā pihi ʻeleʻele polū e ulu nei i kahi manawa pōkole, e huli nei i nā pākeke.
Hoʻomaopopo: nā kūlana maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka pālahalaha ʻana i nā pīpī he wela a me ka maloʻo!
Kūleʻa kaona o ka loea
ʻElua mau ala e hoʻoponopono ai i nā flea ʻai:
ʻAe nā hana Agrotechnical me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu i mea e haʻalele ai i ka hopena o ka hoʻolaha mua i nā loina i nā mahina lulu. Eia naʻe, inā ua huli ka puna a me ka wela, a me nā mea ʻino a bred en masse, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā ʻano ʻoihana mahiʻai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau kūlohelohe me ka hoʻouluulu me ka organophosphorus, organochlorine compound, neonicotinoids a me ka pyrethroids.
Nā hana Agrotechnical
ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻaʻole wale no e hakakā i ka flea ʻai, akā he mea pale mai nō hoʻi. Ua ʻōlelo i nā Agronomists:
- hoʻokō i ka lōlō o ka pūnāwai punahele i ka hiki ke hiki i ka wā i lilo ai ka manawa i lilo ai i mau coarser a nalowale i ko lākou hoihoi i ka pūpū,
- hakakā ka nahelehele e hoʻopuni ana i ka mahina ʻai, akā me nā mea kanu e ulu ai nā kūloko.
- ka wā kūpono o nā minerala e kanu pono ana i ka luku ʻana i nā hua pepeke manuahi,
- e hoʻohana i nā ʻano cereal i kū i ka flea palaoa, no ka laʻana, ka palaoa me nā lau lōʻihi.
- e ʻoiaʻiʻo e lūlū me ka komo maikaʻi ʻana. E hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke ulu wikiwiki i mua o ka manawa o ka hana inikini,
- nānā ke ʻōlohelohe ʻana
- neʻe aku i ka hiʻohiʻona mai nā wahi hoʻoilo i nā kika hewa.
Nāiila
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea kanu me nā mea hana insecticidal:
- mālama i ka mālama kanu me nā mea kanu,
- ka pīpī ʻana i nā pōpō.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana hoʻonaninani i ka wā a ʻike ʻia ʻo 30 a 50 mau pīpī i hoʻokahi mika square o ka māla wahi i ʻike ʻia ma ka nānā loiloi. ʻO ka nui o nā pepeke e kau ai i nā kihi o nā mahina. No laila, noiʻi nui nā hana lāʻau kemika i ka pīpī ʻana i kēia ʻāpana o nā hua.
Hōʻike nā kānaka e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka loea palaoa
ʻO Agronomist Vitaliy, 42 makahiki: i ka wā i hiki ai i ka puluniu puluniu i hoʻoweliweli kūikawā i nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpala o ka wai i loaʻa ʻole i ka lau ʻekolu, ʻoi aku koʻu makemake e kahe mua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wau i ka mālama ʻana i ka hua kanu me nā mea inikini a lūlū i kahi māla palaoa i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau pule paha ma mua o ka manawa, e like me nā kūlana wai. ʻAʻole au e ʻae i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mauʻu, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka mālama a kanu ʻole i ka luku nui ʻana o nā hua ʻai palaoa e nā pōkole.
ʻO ka luna o ka ululāʻau ahuwhenua "Zemlyakoff" Pavel Grigoryevich: e ulu ana i ka palaoa, rye, oats, ʻike pinepine mākou i kahi loea palaoa. Ke hoʻohana nei mākou ʻaʻole i nā hana agrotechnical wale nō no kona kamo ʻana - ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hua, ke nānā ʻana, a me ka ʻalo ʻana nō kekahi, akā, ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea kemika. Pono e mālama ʻia nā hua me ka inisetiola a e hoʻoiho i nā mea kanu ʻai hoʻoilo. Ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia ka Agent Agent iā ia iho, e pālahalaha mākou me ia ma ke kaʻe o ka pāina lulu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hana a ka huahana mai nā wahi i mālama ʻia ai a hiki i ka loli hou ʻana. Eia kekahi, hakakā ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale me ka pulima laʻa, akā me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe o nā hua cereal. He leʻaleʻa nā hōʻiliʻili!
Hoʻohālikelike
I mea e pale ai i ka pālahalaha nui ʻana o nā ʻōpala palaoa, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i ka kūʻai ʻana a mua ka lūlū mua ʻana i ka ʻai o nā hua hua ʻai. ʻO nā hana ʻohi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻenehana pono ʻana e pale ai i ka nalo ʻana o nā mea kanu. Inā ua pālahalaha ka pālahalaha maʻi, a laila hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika!