ʻO ka kūleʻa o nā hua i kahi nui he ala i ka kūpono o ka hana a nā mākua, he mea nui ia i ke koho kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mālama ʻana o nā hua i nā holoholona he nui me ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hānau ʻia ʻana. ʻO ka holo pinepine ʻana o ka holo manu holoholona me ka neʻe i nā wahi pana, i kekahi manawa he mau tausani mau hola mai ka kahi mai. Hoʻopili ʻo nā holoholona i ʻole i hana i kēlā huakaʻi hele i ko lākou wahi a me ke kahu ma mua, a nui ka poʻe o lākou e kiaʻi maʻa a hoʻomākaukau i nā wahi noho - nā ʻuʻu, nā puʻu, nā pā, nā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā keiki e hiki mai ana.
Nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻokoʻa
1. ʻO ka mālama kūʻokoʻa piha no ka hua. ʻAʻole mālama ka hapanui o nā invertebrates a me nā iʻa i ka hua. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ke ola o kēlā mau ʻano e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o lākou. Ma nā wahi nui o ke kai, nui nā ʻano o nā invertebrates a me nā iʻa, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā kahuhipa nui, e waiho ana he miliona o huaʻaka, kahi e ʻai koke ʻia e nā lehulehu nui o nā mea ola karnivorous. ʻO ke ola wale nō no ia mau ʻano he nui ka manuahi, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ola a ola i kekahi ʻāina ulu, ka liʻiliʻi a me ka pono o nā hua no ke ola o ka heluna. ʻO nā haneli a me nā miliona e helu i ka helu o nā hua i nā ʻano he nui i waiho i ka hua i loko o ka kolamu wai. No laila, ʻo ka wahine o ka pike nui o ke kai nui e noho ana ma ke kai ʻākau - ua piʻo ka pipi i ka 60 miliona i hoʻokahi manawa, a ʻo ka puaʻa nui o ka moana, hiki i ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tan, ke kau nei a hiki i 300 miliona mau huaʻai ma ka mānoanoa o nā wai o ke kai. ʻO nā hua momona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi manawa kūpono, e kāwili ʻia me ka plankton a hāʻule paha i lalo, make ma ka helu nui. ʻO ka like o ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā hua ʻōkole i kū mai nā hua.
2. ʻO ke kau ʻana i nā hua ma luna o ke kino o kekahi o nā mākua. Ua hoʻopili pololei nā wahine ʻo nā holoholona lehulehu i nā hua i kau ʻia i ko lākou kino a halihali iā lākou, a me nā ʻono ʻē aʻe a hiki i ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i nā holoholona aquatic: starfish, iʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēlā ʻano ka hana i hiki ke pae i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mālama o nā keiki, akā ma ka laulā ʻaʻole ia he hana maoli.
ʻO ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā mālama makua. Kālike ʻia kēia ʻanuʻu e nā starfish, a ma waena o laila he mau ʻano e komo pololei i ka hua ma loko o ka wai, kahi a lākou e lūlū ʻia ai e ka huaʻai o nā kāne, a me nā ʻano pua e hoʻohiki ana i ka hua ma ko lākou kino. I nā ʻano o ka hui mua, ʻo ka nui o nā hua i ulu i loko o ke kino o kahi wahine wahine i hōʻea he 200 miliona, ʻoiai ma ka starfish e mālama ai i nā hua, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia.
3. ʻO ka hua hipa ma kahi pae mua a loaʻa a i ʻole i mākaukau wahine kūpono. ʻO ka hana e hiki mai i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hana a nā mākua, ʻo ka waiho ʻana i nā hua i kahi kūpono kūpono. No laila, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua ʻai, pono e loaʻa i ka lele ka ʻeha o kahi holoholona a i ʻole ʻāpana i ka ʻiʻo semi-decomposed, nā mea kanu honu e ʻai ai. ʻO kahi pīpī manu hio, he maka pīpī a admiral paha, e hoʻolako i kā lākou lau me ka meaʻai i pono ai, pono e ʻike i nā palupalu nettle, a me kahi kukupa rhinoceros - kahi ʻōpala o nā lau maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano mālama like ʻole e nā pua no ka hapa nui o nā reptile. ʻO kā lākou hana nui, ʻo ia e ʻimi i nā wahi no ka incubation o kā lākou hua me ka pae kūpono o ka hoʻohuihui a me ka mahana. I ka hapanui o ka manawa pinepine, no kēia mea lākou e eli ai i ke kō a i ʻole lua. No nā luna āpau o kēia pūʻulu, pau ka mālama o ka hua i laila, a ke pau ʻole hou o ka neʻe ʻana o nā hua i kau ʻia iā lākou. ʻAno ʻano like ʻole me ka nānā mua, ke komo pū nei kēia hui i nā wasps a me nā meli, a me nā mea holo manu e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano hana ʻano paʻakikī loa i pili i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia. ʻO nā wahine o kēia mau mea hihiu, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, ʻike ʻia nā pepeke a manu ʻole o kekahi mau ʻano, hoʻopalapi ʻia iā lākou, e hāloi ana i ka ganglia nerve ponoʻī. No laila, he ʻano kīʻaha ola ka mea e pā ai i ka maʻi ʻōlapa a hiki i ka pupa. Kuhi kekahi mau huluhulu i kāʻili ʻia i loko o kahi mink i kau mua ʻia, nā puka i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ka hua, pani paʻa ʻia.
4. Ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻuʻuku a me ko lākou pale mai a hiki i ka hānau ʻana o ka hua. Hiki i kahi ʻano mālama maikaʻi loa i ka hua ʻai hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka hana ʻana o kahi pūnana, ka waiho ʻana o nā hua a i ʻole a me nā hua i laila a i kona pale ʻana a hiki i ka wā e waiho ai nā mea kanu ulu. ʻO kēia ʻano ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o nā iʻa, spider, octopuses, kekahi millipedes, etc. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi ʻano mālama like me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā hua a me ka palaoa i loko o ka waha e nā kāne o kekahi mau iʻa, a me nā hua a me nā ʻalē ma nā wāwae ʻehā o kahi pale waena a i ʻole hoʻi ma hope o kahi kāne Pippa Surinamese. I kēia hihia, waha ka waha a i ʻole ka hope o ka hana a kahi nano. Hōʻike ʻia kēia pae i ka haʻalele ʻana o kekahi hoihoi i ka hapa o nā mākua i ka ʻōpio, liʻiliʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa.
5. Ka mālama ʻana i ka hua a loaʻa iā lākou ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ka mālama lōʻihi o ka hua i kekahi mau ʻano o nā invertebrates a me nā iʻa. Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi loa e ka mālama ʻana i nā hua o nā pepeke lehulehu.
Nui nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hana makua i ʻike ʻia i nā amphibians. I nā vertebrates kiʻekiʻe, aia nā ala like ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua, kahi e hilinaʻi nei, ka mea mua, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pā o ka pēpē.
Ma nā ʻōlelo ākea ākea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā papa makua i waena o lākou:
ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki me kahi wahine a hoʻokahi kāne paha,
hānai ʻia e nā mākua a
e ulu ana i nā ʻehā i kahi hui ʻohana paʻakikī.
ʻO ke heleʻana o nā palima a me ke ʻano o lākou
He lele nui e ka hypodermic gadget e pili ana iā 1,3-1 mm lōʻihi. Aia kahi poʻo melemele me nā maka ʻeleʻele nui, kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli, nā ʻula ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻēheu polū. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i nā lauoho, kahi e like ai ka like me ka bumblebee. ʻAʻole ʻai kahi ʻelemakule, e hoʻohana ana i nā mea momona i ʻohi ʻia e ka larva.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
ʻO kahi mea kilona he pepeke kahi palena paʻa o ka hoʻololi. ʻO ka loli holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa kahi ala mai ka larva a hiki i ka wā pākeke. E ola ka inika mai 3 a 20 mau lā. Ma ka hopena o ke ola, e nalo ana ma kahi o 1/3 o kona paona kino. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōpilikia hōʻino, e ʻūlū wale ʻia, noho i nā mea kanu. E hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kekahi mau pōʻai ola i loko o ke kino o ka inika.
ʻO nā pae holomua o ka larva
ʻO Larva o ka gadget e hele i ke kino o ke kanaka i nā manawa 3 o ka hoʻokumu. I nā manawa āpau, ʻokoʻa ia i kāna ʻano ʻano:
- Ma ke kahua 1, ke nānā nei ʻo ia me he pōpō keʻokeʻo ʻole o ka aʻa ʻole a me ka wāwae wāwae. I ka pau ʻana o ke kino ke kūuleo nei me 3 mau kihi o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia papa hana i ka manawa 7, ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻana a neʻe i kahi aʻe.
- Ma ke kahua 2, kahi nui a larva ka nui a me kahi ʻōmole kikoʻī. Ma hope o nā lā 18, a hoʻomau ʻia nā molts insect a hele i ka papa aʻe.
- Ma ke kahua 3, e hoʻonui ka nui i ka nui. Ma kahi mahina o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, e lilo ʻo ia i pākeke a hoʻomau ia e noho mau i loko o ke kino o ka poʻe hoʻokipa a hiki i ka 10 mau hebedoma, a laila e kolo i ka ʻula o ka ʻili a waiho i ka mea, hāʻule i ka lepo.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia hāhā i nā hua liʻiliʻi a me nā pupu ʻuli e puni i ka umauma.
Nui! E ʻai ka larva i nā ʻili a me nā wai o ka huina hoʻokipa, hoʻohemo i nā mea paʻa me nā enzyme dermatolytic.
Cutaneous myiasis epidermal.
Me ka myiasis epidermal, nā hua o nā lele e komo wale i loko o nā papale o ka ʻili. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo kēia mauʻano i ka ʻano o ka maʻi e nā larva gadfly. Pehea kona nānā ʻana, nānā i ke kiʻi.
Inā hele ʻo larvae i ko lākou ala i nā papa hohonu o ka ʻili a noho i nā wahi hui kūlohelohe
e hana pono me nā mea pili
myiasis subcutaneous
. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi myiasis i nā kānaka no ka komo ʻana o nā pili o nā lele a me nā ʻili o nā ʻili ma lalo o ka ʻili. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi kahi maʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ke wahi o ka dislocation. ʻO ka huehue pinepine ʻia i nā ʻili ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili.
Hoʻololi nā Cavity. Kūkulu ʻia e ka komo ʻana o ka hua pepeke i loko o nā palahalulu palu a me nā ʻāpana kino me ko lākou luku hou ʻia.
A ʻo ka hope loa, kahi ʻano maʻi like ʻole - myiasis ocular
. ^ E Ha yM. I ke kiʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mea kikoʻī. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi loa no kahi kanaka inā he larva o kahi gadfly a i ʻole kahi lele paha i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka sac conjunctival o ka maka (ka ʻāina o ka kuʻekuʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi nui ʻana ʻo ka maʻi ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai nā huaʻōlelo manuahi i ka māka.
Pehea e komo ai ka larva i ke kino o ke kanaka?
ʻO ka pinepine ka hapanui i ka hua manu ma ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka pilikia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana:
- keiki a ʻelemakule paha
- kūlike ʻole me nā lula kuʻuna,
- nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo
- inu waiu a me ka hoʻohui lāʻau ʻana,
- maʻi hānai,
- maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi kūwaha,
- Hele i nā ʻāina mākeke.
ʻO ka mea maoli, ua kau ka pepeke manuahi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻoi pinepine ka nui o nā holoholona i kona hoʻouka ʻana. Hiki i nā Parasites ma ke kahua mua o ka hoʻokumu ke hiki i lalo o ke kino, i ka mucosa a i loko o ka digestive tract. E kau ʻia ke kahua ma ke ʻano o ka pūpū. Hiki lākou i ke kino kanaka i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe:
- hopu ka wahine i nā namu a me nā mea inu wai koko. E lālau ana i kona mau wāwae, e kau ʻo ia i ka hua ma ko lākou ʻōpū a me ke kua,
- a laila e hoʻokuʻu aku ka mea ʻeke iā lākou. A kahi hopena, e lilo lākou i mau mea i waena o ka maʻi o ke kanaka me nā hua ʻōiwi. Holo hou lākou, noho ma luna o kahi kanaka, ʻāloʻi iā ia, a ma o nā ʻūʻā i hōʻā ʻia o nā ʻūhā paha i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, a ke kāwili i ka ʻili. I laila, e hopohopo a hānai nā hua.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka larva ke loaʻa i ke ala maʻalahi mai nā holoholona nui. Hiki pinepine i kēia mea ma nā kua'āina, ma ka mahiʻai a me ka pāmu. ʻO kekahi manawa lilo ia i nā kino o ke kanaka i lilo i mau ʻano o nā parasit. He lawa nui e ʻai i ka ʻai manuahi.
Nui! ʻAʻole ʻai ʻekeʻeke i kekahi mea i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. He nui nā ʻāpana i ʻohi ʻia i ka wā he larva.
Ma hea a hea e kali ai no ka hālāwai me kahi gadget?
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kō o ka hana o nā gadflies e pili ana i ke kaima climatic kahi e pili ana i kēia a i kēlā wahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia manawa. I Lusia, e pili ana iā ʻekolu mahina - mai Iune a ʻAukake. Ke pau ka hana ʻana o nā mea pepeke - ʻo ka manawa ke hoʻomākaukau no ka anuanu.
ʻO ke kalaka nui ka hoʻoikaika i ke anuanu, wela. I ka lā ākea, e hoʻohuli ʻo ia i mea nui maoli, akā ʻaʻole makemake i ka wai anuʻu.
ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka gadget ka iʻa o nā waihona kūlohelohe, a me ka nahele a me ka ʻihi. I ka manawa pinepine, hāʻule kēia mau inikini aloha i kekahi mau wahi kahi i hōʻuluʻulu ai ka nui o nā wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hele mai nā kāne ma aneʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine kēia mau wahi i kahi o nā holoholona a i ʻole ka lau nahele. ʻAʻole haʻalele kahi kanaka iā lākou.
Nā Hōʻailona o nā ʻIli Pahu ma ke kino
ʻO ka hapa nui, ma ka "hoʻolālā" i ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka mea nāna ia, kani nui ke ʻano o ka gadfly a me ka leʻaleʻa. I ka kau ʻana o ka māhu, ua hōʻailona nā hōʻailona i kēia:
- he wahi ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka ʻili i ka anawaena o 1 mm a i ʻole ka nui aʻe,
- hoikaha nui, eha,
- ʻaʻole koko e kali no ka manawa lōʻihi,
- ka pua nui ʻana, ka mea i kūkulu ʻia ma hope o kekahi manawa ma hope o kahi aʻa.
- ke kaumaha i ke olakino, nā hōʻailona o ka hanaʻawaʻawa me nā pōkole lehulehu.
ʻO ka pinepine ma hope o kahi pīhoihoi parasit, e ulu ke kanaka i kahi hopena alakania a dermatitis. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻo Puffpiki i nā nui a waiho ʻia no nā lā he nui. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hopena o kēlā mau hopena, he mea pono ke hana i nā hanana kūpono ma hope koke o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka mea hoʻopiʻi.
Nā hōʻailona o Dermatobiasis
ʻO Dermatobiasis kahi maʻi e hōʻane ana i ka larva o kahi gūma kanaka i lalo o ka ʻili.
He ʻano ʻē ia e kekahi mau hōʻailona:
- kahi o nā larva e hiki i kahi i kū i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo nā maka, ke nānā mua iā ia me he ʻōpua,
- ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻomaka ka ʻili e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻā ke nānā a nānā i ka ʻāhū i ka wahi o ka pili o ka larva,
- ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻo ka pimple purulent e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻili, ka mea e hāmama iki ʻia e hoʻolako i kahi lako o oxygen no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka larva,
- e ʻike ana ka mea maʻi i ka hoʻohuihui hōʻailona: ke kala, ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū,
- nā huamo a me nā ʻehaʻā, ke kuni,
- aia kekahi i nā hana ʻino i ke ʻano o ka pakanā,
- inā he pili paha ke kanaka i nā hopena maʻi, ka ʻeha a me nā ʻalaʻī nui e hiki mai i nā wahi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka palima,
- i ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana o larva, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano lūlū ma lalo o ka ʻili.
- inā pili nā maka, ka huhū o ka membrane mucous, ʻeha, hoʻonui ʻia ka lacrimation, ke koko, ʻike ʻia, inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā hana i ka manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻāpana a haʻalele paha i ka ʻike.
- inā i hākilo nā maka i ka ihu, ʻike ʻia kēia i ka ʻehaʻehā, ke kuʻi nei o ka sinuses, hōʻeha i ka ihu, i kekahi manawa waiho aku ka palaki i ke kanaka ma o ka puka o ka ihu.
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu wale i nā lolo a ma ke keʻena hauka.
Pehea e mālama ai i nā maʻi i nā lolo?
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea haole i loko o ke kino e pono e hoʻokaʻawale koke aku, me ka pili ʻana i nā mea parasit. Eia kekahi ma kahi o ke neʻe ʻana o ka larva ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻino ʻia ana i nā kiko, hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa.
Akā e mālama i kekahi mau hana me kou kino ma luna pono ʻole. I kekahi kūlana, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka, no ka mea, ʻo ka lawe pio ʻana i nā mahele mai lalo iho o ka ʻili, ʻaʻole i lawa ka hopena.
I nā manawa he nui, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau disinfectant a me nā aila anti-inflammatory. ʻO ia wale nō ke hana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole o nā palaʻai e noho ana i ke kino.
Naʻi hoʻolika
No nā pahuhopu diagnostic o ka maʻi, hana ʻia ka ʻike koko, helu ʻia ka nui o nā antibodies. E ʻike ka mea maʻi inā aia ia ma kahi o ka hoʻolaha o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, e hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua o waho, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kahi pohihihi ā purulent me kahi wehe i ka ʻili. Ke nānā nei ka loea i ka pale inflamed me kahi mea hoʻonui.
Nui! Inā he kānalua i ka loaʻa o nā larva o ka gadget i ke kino, paipai ʻia e kūkākūkā i kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi infectious a i ʻole parasitologist.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ke kumukūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ka papa hana kūikawā o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai ke hoʻokau i ka pepeke. Ma muli o kēia, ua hāʻawiʻia nā kūlana ʻino no ke kino. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ho'āʻo e hoʻokau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka ʻole e kūkākūkā me kahi loea, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia mau lāʻau i ke kino.
Ma mua o ka kāohi ʻana i ka larva mai lalo o ka ʻili, koi ʻia ʻo Ivermectin e inu ʻokoʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia he antiparasitic. No laila hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻana ʻo Larva
Ma mua o ka wehe i ka parasite, pono ke kue i ka humuhinu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia me ke kōkua o furatsilina. I mea e pale ai i ka iniseti mai ka hanu ʻana, pono ke iho ʻia kahi aila liʻiliʻi i loko o ka lua mai kahi e komo ai ka lewa. A laila e puka aku ka larva, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka oxygen. Ke kū nei ka gadget mai ka lua o ka ʻili ma lalo o ka ʻili, ua huki ʻia me ke kōkua o nā mea kūikawā.
Hana ʻia kahi hana paʻakikī e kekahi kauka wale nō.Aia ka pōʻino ma loko o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka epidermis. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻo ka mea maʻi e hana i ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia kekahi hopena e noho mau ka ʻāpana o ka hāmeʻa ma lalo o ka ʻili. Me kēia hoʻomohala hanana, loaʻa ke alualu, a e hoʻomaka ka kaʻina hana.
Ke pau ʻana o ka hana, ua noi ʻia he lole antiseptic i kahi o ka hehi.
Tissue myiasis: nā huaʻai, nā hōʻailona, ka mālama ʻana
ʻO ka ʻili o ka ʻano o ka myiasis ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i nā poʻe e noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Hiki ke maʻi ʻia e ka wili o nā ʻano he ʻewalu o nā lele, a me ka puahiʻu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke i loko o ka ʻili, hana i nā ʻāpana i loko o ia wahi a kau i kā lākou ʻōpio ma laila. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa i nā maʻi ma o nā ʻaka a me nā pono ulcerative.
I ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kūkuluʻana, paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, ka nānā o ka mea e koi koke i ka mālama olakino:
ʻAʻole hiki ke lilo i ka maʻi o ka ʻano o ka myiasis mai kahi mea maʻi. Ke loaʻa nei ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā e pili ana me ka kahi pepeke i hoʻopā ʻia e ka ʻōpala me ka lepo, ke one, nā huahana, aʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona kīhāpai maʻi e pili ana nā huluhulu i kā lāua hulu.
Hōʻike ka Cochliomiasis e ka nānā ʻana i waho, ultrasound, résonance magnetic a i ka tomography compute. Lawe ʻia nā ʻōpoki no ka biopsy mai ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia, a lawe pū ʻia kahi hōʻike koko.
ʻO ke ala palekana wale nō no ka laweʻana i nā pili me nā cutaneous form of myiasis o ka hoʻokō. Ma hope o ka hana, loaʻa ka mea maʻi i kahi kapa antiseptic, a kuhikuhi ʻia nā antibiotika.
Hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi
I mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e nā ʻōpala, pono e mālama pono i ka wā e hele ai, i ka ʻāina, i nā ʻāina ʻōpala. Aine ʻia e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻōlelo aʻe:
- e komo i nā kapa e uhi ai i ke kino i ke kiʻekiʻe,
- hoʻohana i nā repellents
- ka lawaiʻa a ke kua ua paʻa, pono e mālama ʻia me ka antiseptic.
- inā makemake ʻoe e hōʻeha, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka.
Hiki i nā ʻikepili nui ke hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi mau hopena o ka hopena, no ka laʻana:
- nā pepeke
- maʻi pāpaʻi,
- meningitis, pneumocephaly, ulia,
- ka ʻā ʻana o ka ihu a i ʻole ka maka.
Nui! Ke ʻike nei i ka hoʻoneʻeneʻe ʻana o ka ʻili e like me kahi ʻalā, pono e hoʻokūpaʻa inā loaʻa iā ia kekahi mea e kahi puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia i nā pae kaiāulu. ʻO kekahi o nā loea kūpono o ka helu ʻana aku i nā dermatobiasis ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea lele, nā namu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka hale.
Ke hoʻokumu ʻana o nā kolone o nā pōpoki
He aha nā hiʻohiʻona a me kā lākou palalulu e like me, huddled i kahi kolone e ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi aʻe. ʻO nā ʻehā nā mea nui i loko o kahi e pale ai, e pale iā lākou mai nā mea hoʻolaha, ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka luku, hōʻemi ʻia ka hopena o ka microclimate a hāʻawi i kahi manawa kūpono ke koho i ka hoa. Hiki i nā Pheromones ke kōkua i nā pōkoki moe e hōʻuluʻulu i nā koloni, hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio pū ʻia me lākou ʻaʻole wale wale nō me ke kōkua o nā mea waiwai e hūnā ʻia e nā pūlima, akā me ke kōkua o nā mechanoreceptors e loaʻa ana ma antennae o nā pepelu.
Haʻalele pinepine nā wahine i nā kolone e ʻimi ai i nā wahi hou no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua a me nā kumu meaʻai hou. ʻOiai e noho ana i ka kolone, e pani malū nā kāne i nā mea ʻala, a huki wale i ka wahine.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa o ka bloodsucking, ʻo nā moena moe, a i ʻole e kapa ʻia ko lākou mau wahi moe. I ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻomohala o kēlā me kēia pepili, ʻaʻohe loli lōʻihi - ka hoʻonaninani e like me nā arachnids ʻē aʻe, nā pepeke ʻēheu. ʻOkoʻa ka pae makahiki o nā pōpoki makua ma ka nui o ka larva i ka nui, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Larva kahi kanaka i hōʻemi ʻia e nā manawa he nui, e hōʻea i kona nui kiʻekiʻe.
HOW LARGE BOTTOM LARVES LOOKV -
KEKAHI MEA
ʻO nā wahapū Gadfly i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona
He mea weliweli nō hoʻi nā holoholona like ʻole i nā holoholona, ʻaʻole i pale ka holoholona mai kā lākou hoʻouka ʻana. E lilo ka mea pōpilikia i kahi haki, e lilo ka uku ma muli o ka maluhia. Hiki i nā ʻōleʻa Gadfly i ke kino o ka holoholona ke lawe i nā mea pono. Nui nā pōpilikia e hoʻonāwī i nā holoholona, hoʻomaka e hōʻeha a haʻalele i ko lākou ʻike.
E hoʻopau ka Migration i ka hopena pōʻino ma hope o kahi maʻi. E wāwahi ka nalu, e hoʻomaka ana ke koko ma loko. ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻia me nā pepeke ʻano hoʻonāukiuki i kēia mau hopena i loaʻa i nā holoholona:
- i nā bipi, ho'ēmi ʻia ka waiū wai e ka 6%.
- i ka poʻe'ōpiopio e lohi ana,
- ka ʻili o nā holoholona i komo i ka hypodermatosis he mau pōkole e hōʻole ʻia ana nā mea maka,
- nā kīʻaha i hoʻihoʻi ʻia e nā ʻōiwi i kahi ulu ʻia, no ka nui o ka ʻiʻo i nalowale. I kekahi mau kūlana, me ka loaʻa o ka maʻi nui, ma kahi o 10% o ka waihona maka e ʻoki ʻia.
Nui! Me nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi, pono ʻoe e hele i ka haukapila.
Ma kahi o 150 mau ʻano o nā ʻano gadget ua ʻike ʻia i ka honua. Hoʻokahi wale nō e lawe i ka pilikia i nā kānaka. Noho ka pōʻino i loko o nā ʻāina me kahi āwiau e pili ana i nā ʻano kaiaulu, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke loaʻa i ka maʻi i kā mākou latitude. No laila e koi ʻia ka mālama a inā inā i hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona mua, e nīnau koke i kahi kauka.
Pehea e pale aku ai i ka hālāwai me ka gadfly a me pehea e lanakila ai iā ia
I kēia ao, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ʻole, a hiki ke hālāwai ʻoe i ke gadget ʻoiai me ke "ʻano nui" o ke kūloko. Akā hoʻonui ka hopena i ka hapa heʻumi paha no ka poʻe e hele i waho. ʻIke nā mea mākaʻikaʻi loea i ka ʻano he puʻe insidious (insect). Pehea e hana ai me ia a ma ka liʻiliʻi e pale iā ia iho i ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia pū kekahi ma ka ʻike. Eia ka mea a ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e mālama ai:
- e pili ana i nā hale hoʻokele i ka ʻūlū,
- e pili ana i nā lole o ke kūleʻa pale - aloha ke aloha nā kala i nā kala,
- e pili ana i ka ʻawa, ka ʻā, ka yarrow, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lawe a waiho a puni ka halelewa.
- e pili ana i kahi camomile, nā lālā i hiki ai ke hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka pūnane - ʻo kēlā mau ʻili like ʻole e hoʻowalewale i ka gadget.
A he mea koʻikoʻi nui hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo: he pepeke kahi gadget (ʻo ke kiʻi o hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala) ʻoluʻolu loa! ʻAʻole kūpono ke haʻalele ʻana i nā hana pale. A inā inā e lilo ʻoe i ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mea hoʻonāukiuki, a laila e pono e mālama nui i ka ʻalāʻau. He mai paha ia ?! I kēia hihia, ka ʻōlelo kahiko Rūkia: "Hoʻōla ke Akua i ke kanaka mālama."
Kūleʻa nā ʻōnaʻi o nā kānaka ma muli o ka komo ʻana o nā larvae a me nā ʻenekona palaualolo maikaʻi i loko o nā palahala a me nā ana o ke kino. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā kumu kumu kumu o ka maʻi:
- ka lele manuahi, e kaʻe ana i lalo o ka ʻili a kūkulu i nā kaila kahiko i laila.
- ka mākele one, kahi lele lele a me nā motley, hiki ke hele i lalo o ka epidermis a kau i nā hua manu,
- ʻula, ke kō a me ka wolfarth lele i hoʻopā ʻia i ka ʻili a me nā membous mucous,
- home housefly liʻiliʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina hina a me Drosophila lele, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōpū, pepeiao a me ka ʻōnaehana genitourinary,
- kaheu hipa kahalaha, pili i nā kino o ka ʻike,
- he ʻai e ʻai ana i ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ke ala maʻamau ka maʻi maʻamau ma o nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia o ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous. Hiki i nā pepeke ke waiho i hua ma ka maka, pepeiao, ihu, ʻeha a me nā ʻeha. Hiki i kekahi mau manu o ke lele ke komo i kā lākou huaʻehā subcutaneously.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i ʻaina ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono pono ʻia e hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻolilo i ka myiasis.
ʻaʻole e like me nā mea ʻelemakule kāne like ʻole, ʻaʻole pane iki nā larar i ka hopena o ka hapa nui o nā mea kemikini. E wehewehe kēia i ko lākou hiki ke noho mau i loko o ka ʻōpū, duodenum a me ka pōpoki no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua kau ʻia nā mau miula ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lele o nā pathogen.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka maʻi i hoʻomake ʻia e nā larvae i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia wahi. Aia ka palaka, ka ʻōpū, ka ocular a me nā iwi meiasis.
He pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻohana nā māla lawaiʻa i nā mea make pesticides e hoʻopau kokoke i nā mea hoʻopiʻi āpau ma ka pūnaewele e pale ai i kā lākou mea kanu mai nā pōpoki. Akā ʻaʻole nui o lākou e hōʻino wale i ka hua, akā he mau ʻenehana kūlohelohe.
Ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema, he hiki i ka nui o nā mea kanu huaʻai e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā mea nui o nā huaʻai. A ʻo kā lākou hele ʻana ma ka pūnaewele e hāʻawi i ka ʻoi aku ka palekana ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pesticides.
I ka hapanui pinepine, ua loaʻa ʻia nā mea hoʻohana pono ʻia i loko o nā māla:
- Paule. ʻO kekahi mau ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka ʻenehana, aia kekahi e noho ana ma nā lua i ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo. Noho kekahi mau holoholona ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā mea kanu manu. ʻAi lākou i nā kukupu, nā kuhukū, nā lice lāʻau a me ka palaka.
- Lacewing. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i nā aphids, nā mea a me nā mea pōʻino o ka huaʻōlelo o kēia pepeke, he mea e hoʻohana mau ana.
- Kau-luahine. E ʻai kekahi ʻelemakule i nā haneli o ke kīʻaha, aphids, ʻili a me nā ʻōpū i kona wā ola.
- Kāleka. Kokoke pau ʻole kēia pepeke. Hiki i ka miki pule ke huli i nā aphids, nā anuʻu, nā ʻōpala, nā kīʻaha a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
- Pūleʻa palupalu. ʻO ka ʻenemi maoli kūlohelohe o nā ʻano manuahi, nā anuihue, nā pīpī a me ke kalapa.
- ʻO kekahi mau kapu. ʻO nā ʻelele kanaka o nā ʻano mea makehewa nā mea makehewa, a ua luku nui ʻia kā lākou mau keiki i nā pōpoki.
Kālā
No Hymenoptera nā lālā liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua. ʻO kēia mau mea nīnika male male Dchomomorpha echmepterygis: ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma kahi o 0.139 mm. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano mini ʻē aʻe ʻO Megaphragma caribea me ka lōʻihi o nā 170 micons a ʻO Megaphragma mymaripenne (200 μm). ʻO ka hymenoptera ka nui loa (4-6 cm) kekahi o nā puʻu e pili ana i ka pualikoa, nā puʻu alanui, a me nā ʻaluna, a me kekahi mau holo (a hiki i 135 mm), e noʻonoʻo ana i ka lōʻihi o ka ovipositor. Loaʻa ke kino lōʻihi (ʻaʻohe ovipositor) nā mea kauā Pelecinus - a hiki i 9 cm. ʻO kekahi o nā wasps nui loa Kamahope ʻO Megascolia (Scoliidae) mai Asia Hema, nona nā wahine ma ka lōʻihi o 5 cm a me nā ʻēheu a hiki i 10 cm. ʻO nā mākaʻi nui loa o nā wasps (a hiki i ka 4.5 a me 5 cm ka lōʻihi) ke komo pū nei nā poʻe ʻimi tarantula mai ka huaʻōlelo Pepsis (Pompilidae), ke "pepehi o cicadas" ʻO Sphecius grandiswasps keke Editha nania (Bembicinae) me ke alanui wasp Hemippsis heros (hiki i 5.5 cm ka loa a 9.5 cm i nā ʻēheu). ʻO ka pīhoihoi nui loa i ka honua Megachile pluto (Megachilidae) mai Indonesia. ʻO 39 mm ka lōʻihi o nā wahine, a ʻo nā ʻēheu he 63 mm. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻikepili nui loa o nā ʻohana kunomoku ko nā ʻano ʻOmekona Camponotus ka nui o nā limahana hana e pili ana iā 20 mm, kāne - 18,3 mm, koa - 28.1 mm, ʻōpū - a hiki i 313 mm. ʻO nā ʻōpala nunui hoʻi ka mau ʻīlani dinoponero ( Dinoponera gigantea ) a ā Paraponera clavata hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o 25-30 mm. Nā kāne ʻApelika Dorylus hiki i ka lōʻihi o 3 cm, a me ka ʻōpū ma ka mōʻī ma ka hanana ʻoi loa i ka manawa o ka wā o ka hua i ka ʻōpū nui a nui loa a me ka lōʻihi o 5 cm. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui loa i ka mōʻaukala nā ʻapala kolo o ka huaʻōlelo ʻĀpana . ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi ka nui o kā lākou wahine i 7 cm ka loa, a he ʻēheu ko lākou mau ʻēheu a hiki i 15 cm.
Poʻo
ʻO ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū ua kaʻili nui ʻia (koe wale nō ka noho no ka peritoneum e noho ana, "ma ka ʻōpū" noho paʻa "ma ka umauma). Maʻala ke poʻo, ka hapanui i ākea i ke ala ʻōpiopio, ka hypognate (nā waha e kuhikuhi ana i lalo) a i ʻole a hoʻokuʻu ʻia (... i mua). Hoʻopuka pololei ʻia nā maka i waena o lākou, ma waena o lākou he mau maka maʻalahi ʻekolu e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke kuʻekuʻe, a aia pū kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hema ʻole nā maka ʻole (no ka laʻana, e hana ana i nā kime o kekahi mau ʻano). Ma ke poʻo, nā lae (frons), clypeus (clypeus), ka lei aliʻi (vertex), ka peciputula (occiput), nā pipi, genae), nā kāhuna (tempora) e hoʻokaʻawale. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, kekahi mau ʻoliva e ʻeli nei (Sphecidae) a me nā wasps mau one (Crabronidae) loaʻa kahi psammophore, kahi ʻano kohu o ka bristles a me nā lauoho.
Kūkulu ʻia ʻo Antennae (antennas, a striae paha) ma kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe a he 3 a 60 mau kekona paha, he pololei a i ʻole ke kiko ʻana, a ke ʻano lākou i waena o ke stalk (scapus) a me ka flagellum i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke kihi. Ma waena o lākou, kahi māhele rotary, a pedicellus paha, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi manawa.
ʻO nā ʻōpū o nā waha o kahi ʻano ʻōpū kūpono maoli, a i ʻole ka lalo haʻahaʻa (labium) a me ka iwi haʻahaʻa (maxilla) e hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā meaʻai a ka wai (licking, lacquering organes), i hana i kahi paʻakikī o ka labio-maxillary. ʻO nā kumu mākaʻikaʻi kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā ʻōpala, nā mea make, nā kihapai, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. etc. A me nā palaka mandibular (maxillary) (6-hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi) a me nā pā o ka labial (labial) a i ʻole ka palima (4-segmented a i ʻole ia) e kau ana ma nā ʻūhā o lalo a me nā lehelehe lalo.
ʻO ka ʻuhane o nā piʻu hana ʻApis aia ma kahi o 850,000 mau neurons a noho iā 0.35% - 1.02% o ka nui huina. I nāʻili genus ʻApepa noho ka lolo i ka 0.57% o ka nui o ke kino. ʻO kekahi o nā mea holo liʻiliʻi ʻO Megaphragma mymaripenne (ʻo kona lōʻihi ʻo 200 microns) ma loko o ka lolo ke loaʻa wale nei nā 4600 neurons, nona ka 5% wale nō i loko o nā chromosome.
Kōkua
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka umauma, ka liʻiliʻi o ka prothorax (protorax) ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mesothorax (mesothorax) e ulu maikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ia ka thorax (metatorax) e hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻia, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū puʻupuʻu me ia, e hoʻokumu ana i ka propodeum. Loaʻa ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ka umauma e ka pronotum (pronotum), mesotum (mesonotum) a me ka metanotum. ʻO ka mesothorax ka paʻakikī loa (pili nā ʻēheu mua iā ia), kahi me ka mesonotum (i loko o kahi pale, a scutum a me ka scutellum a hūnā ʻia), mesopostnum, axillum (ʻelua sclerites ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka scutellum), mesopleuron (mesepimers a me mesepisterns). I ka mesonotum hiki iā 2 ke hoʻololi i nā posteriorly (notauli), a ma ka scutum aia nā alaka parapsidal.
Kuhihewa
ʻOkoʻa loa ka ʻōpū i loko o kahi ʻōpū, nona nā ʻāpana he 6-8, ʻaʻole helu ʻana i ka māhele e pili kokoke ana i ka posterora thorax, a me nā hoʻololi i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka pihi o ka ʻōpū a me ka lawe ʻana i kahi aʻa a kīwī paha i nā wahine, a ʻo nā ʻōpū o nā kāne i nā kāne. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pūpū ma ka umauma me kahi pālahalaha ākea, a i ʻole a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka palena ʻā ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia o ka hope o ka ʻōpū (ka maka a me ka drill a i ʻole ovipositor) i ʻelua o nā bristles, a i ʻole stylets, a me kahi ʻūhā, nā mea ʻelua o nā papa ʻehā a ʻoi aku paha a emi ʻole paha. Ma ka waihona o ka paʻu, i huki mau ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū i loko o kahi mālie, aia he pā lua o nā ahe nui me kahi kō i hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea make. I kekahi manawa (no nā ʻōpala he nui wale) ʻaʻohe huki, aia wale kahi kelu maʻi, ma kēia hihia e hōʻeha ai ka maʻi pepeke me kāna mau ʻāʻupe a me ka pīkī ʻana i ka ʻōpū i mua, e kahe ʻona i loko. Hiki i nā Ovipositors, a i ʻole nā hoʻokele, i ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano. ʻO kā lākou kumu, ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka hua manu i ka mea kanu a holoholona paha e ola ai ka larva, e pili ana i ke hiki ʻana i kahi o kahi e kau ai ka hua, a hiki i nā oviposites ke pōkole a lōʻihi, a lohi hou nā oviposite i ka hoʻomaha, lōʻihi nā lōʻihi.
Hoʻokū ikaika ka kanalā palani a lōʻihi i loko o kēlā mau ʻano i noho lōʻihi loa i ka wāʻelemakule ʻoi aku (nā pi, nā ʻōpio, nā wasps), a pōkole i nā puka i noho lōʻihi ʻole i ka wā pākeke. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnaehana tracheal i nā pani uila. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā wahī nīnū, aia kahi ulu kūleʻa o nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kino stalked a i ʻole gyrus ute o ka pharyngeal node i loko o kēlā mau hymenopterans e loaʻa nei i nā ola psychic ulu mua (nā kulu, nā pi, nā manu), ʻoiai nā mea like ʻole o nā ʻano like like ʻole i nā ʻokoʻa like; mauʻu meli (drones) kēia mau mea i ulu ʻia ma mua o nā mea hana ikaika. ʻO ke kūlike o Cannibalism.
Nā wāwae
ʻO nā wāwae Hymenoptera e hele ana (aia ka eli a me ka hopu ʻana i nā loli i kekahi mau wasps) i maʻalahi Apocrita) ai ʻole ʻelua (y Symphyta, a ī Apocrita, Ma waho aʻe Aculeata) mau pūʻali koa, 5 mau hiʻona kūʻokoʻa (ma Chalcidoidea kekahi manawa 4- a me 3-hoʻokaʻawale). Ma nā poʻo o ka tibia he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau spurs spurs (spurs form 2-2-2 Symphytaaka he nui Apocrita - 1-2-2, a no kekahi mau kolo 1-0-0). Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻala o ka tibia i mua a hana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe no ka antennae me nā lauoho ʻala. Loaʻa i kekahi mau hui nā hiʻohiʻona hana (kahi kolo o nā lauoho ma nā wāwae ʻākau o nā pī) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā polu pua (e ʻike i nā pi.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻole makemake nā kānaka no ka hapa nui i nā mea ʻino a mālama iā lākou me ka mea hoʻowahāwahā haʻaheo. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me mākou, nā kamaʻāina koʻikoʻi o ka honua, ma ka manawa mua ke nānā aku nei lākou he mea mua, ʻano leʻaleʻa, pinepine pinepine ʻia, e hōʻino ʻia i kekahi manawa. Akā no ka mea, he honua honua o nā iniseti he ao holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kupaianaha i kūpono i ka peni o kahi mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo kāna mau mea āpau i pono ai kona mau pono ʻole. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka mea koa o kā kākou moʻolelo - mea holo ʻona I hoʻohuihui ʻia e ke ʻano me nā waiwai hoihoi e hoʻohuli i ko lākou ʻano pono, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā māka o nā papa o nā inikua a me nā ʻona ʻē aʻe i lilo i ka zombies maoli. E pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a no ke aha e pono ai nā mea holo, ʻike mākou.
Hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi ke ʻike liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia, me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o ka 1 mm. Akā eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike i nā pēpē, e hiki ana i nā lōʻihi a hiki i 5 cm.A ʻokoʻa like ka nui o nā mea holo aku. Me ka nānā nui loa i nā luna o nā ʻano ʻano pilikino, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe iā lākou no nā mau poʻo kūleʻa maʻamau.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku paha lākou i nā wasps, a hoʻohālike paha iā lākou i ke ʻano, akā, aia ka hope o ke kakali ma ke kua ke loaʻa kahi mea ʻike nui loa, kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ovipositor hope, pinepine pinepine ʻia i ka nui a me kekahi manawa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (i nā hihia kūikawā 7,5 mau manawa. ) nā holoholona o nā keiki liʻiliʻi, akā i kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi loa.
Me ke kōkua o kēia ʻili, ua kau kēia mau mea i nā hua i loko o ke kino o kā lākou mau poʻe i make, a ma ke ʻano hoʻi i hiki ai iā lākou ke noho, hoʻomohala a hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻano. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻoi loa ka hana a nā mea holo kaʻa no kahi kanaka.
ʻOiai no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo no nā arthropods pōpilikia maikaʻi loa lākou, ua kapa ʻia lākou i nā piula parasit. Wahi a ka systematization o nā mea ola, no lākou ke kumu-i holo ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia nā wasps, a me nā behete, nā pi, nā ʻalā, A no ia mea ʻo ia ke kuli kokoke i kēia poʻe kauā.
Halapaʻi ʻia ke kino o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano a kau ʻia ma nā wāwae ʻeono. He wahi poʻo nui ke ʻano nui o kēia mau manu, i hoʻolako ʻia me ka antennae lōʻihi elongated e like me ka antennae.
Hāʻawi kēia mau mea hana iā lākou e ʻike i ko lākou puni. Nā Keʻena – hymenoptera, a no laila nā māka o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he mau ʻohana pūnaewele, elongated, kīleʻa me nā ʻēheu ʻona paha a hina paha, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā veins. Akā loaʻa nā ʻano ʻēheu like, he mea hoʻomanaʻo nui nā kime.
ʻO nā mea holo ʻē aʻe, no ka nui o nā ʻano ʻāpana i loaʻa i loko o lākou, ua ʻokaʻī pinepine ʻia nā palania e pili ana, a me kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, nā ʻoniʻula, nāhelehele, nā mea hao. Akā, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu kino maʻamau ʻo ia ka ʻāpana nui, i hoʻohui ʻia e nā aniani, ʻoniʻoni like ʻole o nā alalani.
Ke lawe nei i nā mea holo mūlū, makaʻu pinepine nā kānaka i kā lākou ovipositor nui, e manaʻoʻiʻo nei he mea kēia huhū a ka poʻe, he ʻano weliweli. Akā ua maikaʻi kēia manaʻo. Ma ke ala, ʻike wale ʻia ka wahine ʻehā o kēia kino weliweli, a male maoli ka hapalua kāne iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka hiki ke waiho hua.
Kēia ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole o ia ʻano palala. He oi aku i oi aku ma kahi o ka umi o ka superfamili i kahi e hui ai lākou. Ka helu o lākou iho ʻano o nā mea holo moku i na haneri keu mau tausani. He mea hiki ʻole ke wehewehe iā lākou a pau, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pākuʻi ʻana i nā hua maʻamau maʻamau i kekahi o nā hui maʻamau ākea a ʻike ʻia paha kēia mau manu.
Kūkā iki nā ʻelele o ka superfamily chalcid, i kekahi mau manawa a ʻo ka mikroskopika i ka nui. Nani ka nui o kekahi mau ʻano ʻike ʻole i ka ʻike maka. A ʻaʻohe mea kahaha, no ka mea, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā mea liʻiliʻi e liʻiliʻi i ka 0.2 mm.
ʻOkoʻa ka waiho wale ʻana o kā lākou kala. Akā ʻo nā ʻano ʻēheu (ua manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa i loko o ke ʻano no ka hapalua miliona, ʻoiai ʻo 22,000 wale nō o lākou ka mea maoli i wehewehe ʻia e nā mea ola loina. He ʻano hoʻokahi like: ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻēheu, ʻelua mau ʻāpana. Kupanaha ʻia kēia mau mea like ʻole i ka parasitize iā lākou ʻaʻole ma nā māhina liʻiliʻi o nā manu, akā, nā mea kanu.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka chfcc superfamily i nā ʻohana, ʻo ia kekahi o kēia ma ka ʻaoʻao i lalo. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo lākou iho e hoʻopili i nā ʻano like ʻole.
- ʻO ka lekiō ma ka ʻalani, ʻeleʻele me nā ʻalani a me nā pali, a me ke ʻano o ke kino me ka ʻōpū elve, ua like like me nā pūpū, me ke ala a me nā parasitize. ʻO ka mamao o kā lākou antennae, akā ua kau ʻia ma ke poʻo nui. Kūpono ʻia nā mea like ʻole i ka maka, ma ka awelika o 7 mm. Hoʻokomo pū ka parasitizing ma nā pi, ʻo kēia mau mea hoʻokele e hōʻeha i nā apiaries.
- He mea maikaʻi loa nā aphelinids, no ka mea, hoʻopau lākou i nā aphids a me nā mea ʻino manuahi. Loaʻa pinepine ʻole lākou ma ka 5mm i ka nui. He mau ʻāpana ikaika a kēia mau mea ola, ua pōkole ke poʻo i lalo, nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi me ka līlū.
- Hoʻohālikelike nā agonides i ka nui i ka pūʻulu o mua. Ma nā kāne o kekahi mau ʻano, ʻike ʻia nā eheu o nā ʻēheu a ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā wāwae ʻekolu. Eia nā mea kanu lāʻau e waiho ai i kā lākou hua ma nā fiku.
- ʻO Trichogrammatids mau pēpē lōʻihi mikaau. He mea kōkua nui kēia hui no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōpoki mahiʻai, ma nā kikoi a me ka ʻōpala, ʻoi aku - nā pōpoki, nā ʻōpala, nā pōpala, nā pīpī.
- Aphelins. ʻO kēia ka inoa o nā ʻano lā o nā ʻelele nui o nā ʻohana aphelinid. ʻEleʻele kēia mau mea i kekahi mau hihia me kahi hiʻohiʻona melemele. ʻO ka nui o kēlā mau holoholo he ma ka awelika kenimika. Ma muli o kā lākou pono i ka hua horticultural, ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia kēia mau manu iā ʻAulopa mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E luku i nā aphids koko a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hua manu wale i waiho ai i kā lākou ʻai, ke ulu a ulu, a lilo i ʻalā maloʻo.
- E hānai i nā hua hua pipi e like me 3 mm ka nui. Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona kino, ʻāpana nā melemena a me nā wāwae. Hōʻike ka inoa ʻoi i nā mea like me nā mea kanu māla. Hoʻopili i nā plums, pili lākou i nā hua o nā lāʻau āpau a me nā pears.
- ʻO kahi hua manu he polū ʻeleʻele me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele, ma kahi o 5 mm ka nui. Hoʻopau i nā hua hua i nā hua pā, nā aprikot, nā cherries, i nā manawa pinepine i nā cherry plums a me nā ʻalemona, kahi e hoʻopau ai iā lākou. ʻAʻohe o lāua i ka ʻēheu o kēia mau mea i ʻāpana, akā he hoʻokahi vein.
I kēia manawa e hoʻolauna i kekahi o nā lālā o nā superfamilies. Me ke kānalua ʻole, ua nui lākou a ʻano like, e like me ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā pepona. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea he mea kōkua. Kōkua lākou i nā mea kanu he nui a hoʻokuʻu wale i ke kai mai nā pōpilikia.
- ʻO Riesa kahi mea ʻeleʻele nona, akā me nā ʻalani melemele ma ka ʻōpū, aia kekahi ovipositor nui. He wahi lau nahele kēia e hoʻopono ai i nā pōpoki lāʻau: nā mākaʻi, nā kolo, ka barbel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo i nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kāna ʻōpū, a ʻai kā kāna mau kohua i kā lākou pili kino.
- ʻO ka panisk o ke helehelena ka like me ka ʻōniki uliuli nui me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. Mālama i nā mea kanu cereal, parasitizing i kā lākou mau mea kanu. Eia kekahi, hoʻopilikia ʻo ia i nā hua kukuna me kāna hua hua.
- ʻO ka emhereal emperoral kahi manaʻo nunui nui o ka holo lio, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Aia kona kino i ka nui o 3 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ovipositor. ʻO ia ʻo ia iho kahi elongated ʻōpū-ʻulaʻula ulaula, ke kino ʻulaʻula a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. Hoʻoulu i nā pōpoki lāʻau.
Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻole ma o nā ʻano wale nō a me nā ʻohana. E like me nā mea piliʻole, e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia lākou e like me nā ala o ka maʻi o ka poʻe hoʻopōmaikaʻi. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ʻole ka mea ʻelemakule weliweli no nā mea e hōʻeha nei.
ʻAʻole hele pololei ke komo i ka luku, akā i kā lākou mau hua manu, e ulu nei i loko a i waho o nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻano mea e ʻike ʻia nei ka hānai. A no laila, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pūʻulu like ʻole o nā mea holo like ʻole, me ka ʻole o nā ʻano, nā ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi parasit.
- Hoʻopili nā ectoparasites i kā lākou hoʻopili ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka mea hoʻopihapiha a waiho iki paha iā lākou e pili ana i kāna mau hua ʻai, a hoʻopili pū kekahi i nā mea pūlū e hūnā hohonu ana i loko o nā kumulāʻau
- hana ka endoparasites i ko lākou mau kikowaena i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea o ka mea i hana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kā lākou huluhulu ma mua o ka hui mua, akā i ka wā e ulu ana, ka mea maʻamau i ka waiho wale ʻana o ka mea waho, e puni ana i ka lako ʻole, a me nā mea a pau.
Nā Wāwā
Hoʻopili mau ʻia nā ʻēheu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā a i ʻole aniani, me ka pūnaewele o nā ʻalopona, i kekahi manawa ʻole lākou me ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu mua ma mua o ke kua, no ka lele ʻana - ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻēheu e hoʻopili ʻia me nā kī maʻamau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao mua, e hana ana i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao ka lele. Ma ka hoʻomaha, ka piʻi kūwaho ʻia nā ʻēheu ma hope o ke kua, akā ma nā wasps maoli (ʻohana Vespidae), nā ʻāpana o ka mua i ka manawa like ʻelua a lōʻihi a moe i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. E like me nā kauoha iniseti ʻē aʻe, ma waena o nā hymenoptera aia kekahi mau akua ʻēheu: e like me nā semale e hana ana, nā wahine Kelemānia, nā kāne o kekahi mau ʻōpū (e.g. Anergates), nā wahine o kekahi mau mea ulu, nā mea holo (Chalcidoidea, Icheumonoidea) a ʻopa (Betylidae, Dryinidae, Embolemidae, Tiphiidae ʻē aʻe). ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai he mau ʻēheu wale nō ka wahine, no ka laʻana, no ka poʻe holo kaʻa mai ka ʻohana Agaonidae .
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
ʻAʻole i kapa ʻia ka mea i hana ʻia me ka maikaʻi ʻole.rider"." Ke kau nei i kā lākou hua, ua kani ʻa kēia mau pepeke i kā lākou mea e make ai, me he mea lā e kau ana i kahi pose ma luna o lākou. ʻO ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka pākeke i lalo iho i ka makemake e hoʻomau i kāna ʻohana, no laila, he ʻimi ʻimi hope loa no nā mea lawe pono (nā lawelawe) e ulu a hānai i kā lākou hua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i kā lākou makemake ponoʻī.
Loaʻa ka hana ikaika o nā pākeke i ka pō. I nā mahina mahanahana, makemake lākou e noho ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi i kokoke loa i nā kino wai, ʻimi pinepine i nā wahi i waena o nā mea kanu pua, aia nā mea inikua kūpono kūpono. Akā nō naʻe, hilinaʻi ka papa o nā mea holo no ka hapa nui ma kahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea lawe aku i nā mea pili manu.
Inā loaʻa ka nui o nā lālā o kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano a i ʻole e like me ke ʻano o ka ovipositor, nui loa kēia mai ka kuhi ʻole. Hoʻohana kēia i kēia mea pono, no ka laʻana, e piʻi i kahi ʻōpala mānoanoa o ka lāʻau lāʻau, kahi kanu nui o ka pīpī palahalaha mai ka nānā ʻana i nā maka. I kēia hihia, huli ke kino o ka mea holo i kahi ʻano kai drill maoli kahi i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi koi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia kui hou i ka mea i koho ʻia.
Hoʻopilikia nā mea holo aku me nā mea hilahila ʻole me ka pilikia ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale ikaika. Akā me kekahi mea i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, no ka mea ke lilo nei i mau spider nui a me nā kala kala e lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli. Pono nā mea kūʻai ma nā hihia e hoʻohana i ko lākou wiwo ʻole, dexterity a me kekahi mau mea pale.
Eia naʻe, no kēlā mau hihia, ua hāʻawi ka mea maoli i kēia mau mea kanu me nā mana kūikawā. I kekahi manawa, e hōʻoluʻolu i ka hopena o ka hoʻouka ʻana, kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi lolo hānai. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā mea holo aku i kā lākou poʻe i hōʻeha a no laila e kāohi a alakaʻi i kā lākou hana.
Hoʻokomo i nā moʻo moka, aia kekahi mau mea holoʻanuʻu i kā lākou hua ma kā lākou kūloko. Eia kekahi, hoʻomohala ka palu i laila, e ʻai ana i kahi wai momona, a i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, hele lākou a lawe i ka ʻili.
He pīhoihoi ka hele ʻana i nā lolo, e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kino o ka poʻe hoʻokipa a lele i ko lākou niu, hoʻokae iā ia i nā lālā a waiho ʻole paha i ka lau, ʻo ka ulia zombie ʻaʻole e holo me ka hauʻoli, akā e noho nei me kāna mau mea hana i mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā poʻe alakaʻi.
Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea mālama ikaika, ma ka hopena o kona ola ponoʻī, e holo koke ana i nā pīpī o nā pale a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe. No ke aha ka hana a nā anuʻi i kēia mea, a pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai nā mea lawe i ko lākou makemake i kā lākou makemake,
Akā ma nā ala he nui, ma muli o ka poʻe zombie i hōʻeha, hoʻokele nā mea holo e ola a salalau maikaʻi. Kahi ʻaʻole noho nā mea hale ʻona, aiai nā mea like ʻole e hoʻopuni ana a puni ka honua, e hoʻomāloe i nā wahi āpau a i nā wahi āpau e loaʻa ai nā mea lawe, no ka mea ʻo lākou e hoʻonui ai.
Mea ʻai
ʻO nā ala weliweli loa o ka hānai ʻana i ke aka o nā mea like ʻole. I ka manawa e hika mai ana lākou mai ka hua a hoʻomaka e hoʻomohala, ua hōʻoia mua nā mākua i kā lākou ʻai. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole i maʻi nui nā meaola i loaʻa iā lākou. ʻAʻole lākou wale e ola, akā ulu, ulu a ʻai, i ka ʻike mua ʻana ua ʻala nā lolo. Akā i ka wā i hala, e loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena weliweli.
No ka laʻana, nā ʻōpio mai ka ʻohana o nā pulima hoʻokūkū i ka māla, me ka hopena o kā lākou kūkulu ʻana, waiho wale ka ʻili, mai laila i ka ʻai o nā mea āpau o ko lākou lawe lawe ʻia. I ka wā mua, hoʻomohala ka hānai i nā mea momona wale nō, e hōʻeha wale i ka mea hoʻokipa, akā laila hoʻohana ʻia nā mea nui o ke ola no ka ola.
ʻO hoʻokahi ala a i ʻole kekahi, ʻanoʻokoʻa loa o nā ʻano holo like ʻole. Akā he mea leʻaleʻa ia i kekahi mau makahiki i ʻai ʻole i ka mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, pono nō ka mea e hānai ai. I kēia hihia ʻai hānai a i ʻole he mea huna o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a he nectar a i 'ole paha mai nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
I ka hiki ʻana i ka pākeke, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka poʻe holo, ʻaʻole maʻamau ma mua o ʻekolu mau mahina. A i ka manawa wale nō ke, i ka manawa o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou kūkulu ʻana, nāʻaole ka hopu ʻana iā lākou, ua haʻalele lākou no ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, a ma ka pūnāwai ke hoʻopau lākou i ko lākou ola kūlohelohe a make. I kēia hihia, hiki i ko lākou ola ke piʻi i nā mahina he ʻumi. Ua hoʻokokoke nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, pono ka nānā ʻana i ka wahine Ethereal equestrian i kahi larva longhorn kūpono i loko o ka ʻau lāʻau. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ke holo ʻo ia a puni ka ʻōpala a kīwī i nā wahi a pau me kāna mau ʻanuʻu. I kēia kani, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i kahi o ka mea.
A laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ia i ka lāʻau me kahi ovipositor, e kū ana ma kona mau wāwae hind, e haki ana iā lākou e like me ka luna. Hana ka hana a ʻelua mau hola. A hiki i ka larva i hūnā i loko o ka ʻoki, waiho ka parasit i kahi hua hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka nui o nā hua manu o nā mea liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana o nā pulima he 20 mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā ʻanuʻiona, ʻo lākou ka mea lawe nui, ka maʻi lākou me ka pona. ʻAʻole i hala kekahi lā ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana, me ke ʻano o nā palaka.
Hoʻopau lākou i nā hana āpau i ka hana i ʻelima mau lā, a ʻo ka pupation hoʻi e hala i hoʻokahi mau lā. Akā i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, e noho liʻiliʻi loa nā mea ola: nā kāne - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau lā, a ʻo ka hapalua wahine - hoʻokahi mahina wale nō.
Hiki i nā braconids nui ke hoʻopili i nā ladybugs ma ka waiho ʻana i kahi hua i loko. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka helehelena o ka maka, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o ʻekolu pule. Ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā kohu hoʻohui a me ka adipose o ka bipi.
A i ka manawa i waiho aku ai i ke kino, ʻaʻole naʻe ka mea e make ai. I kēia hihia, palu ʻo ka larva ma waena o nā nini a me nā ʻōpū i ka bipi. Eia kekahi, ʻōwili ʻia ka niu ma lalo. Pēlā, e pili ana i kahi hebedoma i ka papa makahiki, a laila hele mau ka mea kaumaha i ka pākeke.
Hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole
Mea ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa ʻIke ʻole ia me ka nānā ʻole, aia koke kahi makemake e nānā nui ʻia. ʻOiai ka pōʻino nui o kēia mau mea i lawe mai nā arthropod a me nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, ua maopopo ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenekula. He mea kūpono wale ia e ʻōlelo ana ua nui wale nā pika o kēia mau mea make a 80% o nā pōpoki.
A no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ma lalo o ka pale o ke kanaka, ʻoi aku, ua ʻike ʻia lākou. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pono nā luna o nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu a me nā mea awaawa e hōʻino ai i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi - kā lākou mea lawe. Ma ka manawa like, mālama ke mālama hoʻokahi a me ka hua. A ma kēlā mau maikaʻi e lawe ʻia mai e ka inisini, ʻoiai ʻo ka nānā mua ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāla hou i ka ʻoluʻolu.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā waʻa i nā wili palaoa, hoʻopau ʻia nā pōpoki barn. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiha i ka meaʻai me kā lākou mau hua manu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i haki ai, akā ʻo ka mea kīnā ʻole lākou.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Inā hoʻopili ka kaiāhi i nā meaola nui, a laila ʻo ka mea i hoʻopiʻi i hoʻokahi hihia ma waho o ʻehā, ʻoiai ua loaʻa ka pōʻino weliweli, e ola mau ana ia. I kekahi manawa koho i kahi parasit i kahi ʻano like like me ka mea lawe ukana. ʻO kēia ka lua o ka lāʻau pili lāʻau.
Aia hoʻi he hapakolu a he ʻehā. ʻO nā mea iniketi e lawe nei i kēlā me kēia ʻano palaleka kiʻekiʻe i kapa ʻia ka superparasites. ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi e pili ana i nā mea ʻino, e hoʻopili ʻia aʻe i luna, e pono nō hoʻi e hoʻohui.
Nānaka sehele, piʻi ka papa ma ka lepo a i ʻole ka lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i ka hāʻule a me nā puʻu o nā lau hāʻule. Uā ka poʻe iā lākou, e like me ka pā o nā lāʻau kahiko, kākā i ka ʻāina, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻana i ka pūʻali koa o nā palapala kanu mea e hoʻopau ai lākou. A laila, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kauwela wela, ua pīhoihoi lākou i ka nui o nā hua o ka māla a me nā ʻāina mahiai ua hoʻonui ʻia.
ʻO nā wahine o ka plastigaster ka poʻe poʻokela ma waena o nā mea holo lio i ka nui o ka hua i hana i ko lākou ola. ʻO ka nui o lākou, ʻo ka manawa pinepine i kau ʻia ma nā ʻōpio a me nā hua o ka lele ʻo Hessian, hiki ke piʻi a ʻekolu tausani. He mākaʻikaʻi akamai kēia o ka manawa o nā manawa holo like prolific.
ʻAʻole ka nui o nā hua o nā ageniaspis, akā ulu pū kekahi i kahi ʻano naʻauao loa. Kēlē hua manu o kēia mau mea, hamana ma ka pua ʻōlapa, hāʻule i loko o kahi ʻōpio ʻōpio, manuahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e kali ana i ka manawa e ulu ai ka mea lawe. Akā, aia kahi manawa kūpono e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hua, he mea hoʻokahi, ʻo ia wale nō, e hōhele, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā mea haneli ʻelua mau kānaka.
ʻO nā mea holo aʻalolo (ʻo ia hoʻi, i like me nā popo i ka helehelena) ke nānā aku nei i ka karakurt a me nā tarantulas, he nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau pōpilikia a me nā pōʻino. A e like me kēia. Hoʻopili nā mea kuʻi i kā lākou hua i ka māhu a kali i ka hua.
I kēia manawa, ua holo kekahi mau kai holo koa i ka home o kēia mea make make, ʻū ʻo ia i ka pulupulu a me ke kīʻaha me kāna hua, e ʻai koke ana i nā mea a pau o loko. ʻO ka popo mānoanoa wale nō i kū pū ai, a no laila, ke kiʻi nei ka spider, ke nānā aku nei a ʻaʻole ke kānalua.
ʻO ke kiʻi kupaianaha! Akā he pilikia no ka lawehala a i ʻole no kā mākou kanaka? Ua hoʻohālikelike mākou - ʻaʻole. ʻO ke kanaka no kēlā mau ʻano piliʻuʻala ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻole i kahi makemake maoli. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻohana i ko lākou "kiki" no ka pale a me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, akā no ka hana wale nō i nā kelepona ʻaʻole ia e ulu i ka mamalia. A laila, inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea ʻino hou, keu inā he nui me ka nui o ka ovipositor nui ke ʻano, e makaʻu ʻole ʻoe.