ʻO kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo ka holoholona i liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mongrel maʻamau. I ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, ua like like ia me ka wolf a hōʻemi loa ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻīlio maʻamau ʻole me ka huelo a hiki i 80 cm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe i nā poʻohiwi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 50 cm, ʻoi aku ka 42-145. He paonaʻo 7-10 kg, ʻaʻole keu aʻe. He lōlō a ʻoi aku ka liko ma mua o ka ʻīlio, he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o kona mau wāwae, a ʻoi aku ka hapa o ka muzzle, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka pōpō ma mua o kēlā ʻalopeke. He huluhulu ka hiʻu a ʻano ākea loa, e iho mau ana ia, e like me ka ʻīlio. ʻO ka lauoho pokole ma luna o ke kino, pōkole a mānoanoa. Ma nā forelegs, 5 mau manamana lima, ma nā wāwae hind - 4, mau wīwī nā puʻupuʻu. ʻO nā niho, me nā mea a pau o nā genus Kanaloa.
ʻO ka laulima laulā o ka lei a me ka pale o ka mea melemele, ʻulaʻula, pua. Ma ke kua a ma nā ʻaoʻao, ua ʻōwele ke kala ma ʻōuli, a ma ka ʻōpū a me ke ʻōpū, he kukui keokeo. ʻEleʻele ka hope o ka huelo. ʻO ke kala o ke kīhini, akā naʻe, e loli iki ke ʻano o ka wahi noho. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke kauwela ma ke kauwela a ʻoi hoʻi ka liki me ke kala ʻula, me ka liʻiliʻi me ka ʻeleʻele.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
He holoholona maʻamau ʻo Jackal ma Asia Hema. Ua māhele ʻia ʻo ia ma India a me nā ʻāina i ke komohana o ia - i ka ʻIokene a me Middle East, i Central a me Asia Minor. Noho ʻo Jackal ma loko o ʻApelika ʻākau o Sahara. I ʻEulopa, loaʻa ma Greece a me nā Balkans, ka Caucasus, Dagestan a me ka aneane ʻo ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻo ka wahi ma kēia ʻāina ka ʻūhā nui.
Ma ka laulā āpau, makemake nui nā līlī i ke kīhāpai nui loa me nā lāʻau palupalu, nāhe reed kokoke i nā kino wai. Piʻi ʻo ia i nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m, akā maʻamau i maʻamau ʻole i nā pale. ʻO ka makemake o nā mea kanu no ka ʻīlio. Ma Uzbekistan, no ka laʻana, hoʻopau ʻia ʻo ia ma nā waikahe nui o nā kahawai nui, tuʻe ʻoʻe a me nā ʻihi. Me nā mea e pono ai, e hoʻohana i nā nī maoli kūlohelohe a me nā indentations, crevices ma waena o nā pōhaku, i kekahi manawa nā hua o nā badger, porcupines, alika, a hana mau iā lākou ʻoe (ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā wahine ʻohi). E alakaʻi pinepine ʻia nā ala i alakaʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole pale wale ka lālani i ka lihi o kahi kanaka, akā, ʻo ka mea pinepine, ke kū ʻē ka noho kokoke i ka noho ʻana a laila hana aku me nā ʻōpala, ʻaihue i ka pūpū, a komo i ka mahina. Ma India a me Pakistan i ka pō hiki ke ʻike pinepine ia e lele ana i ke alanui o nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale. Inā ma nā kūlanakauhale nui o ʻAmelika Hema he nui nā'āina māla, a laila e noho maoli nā ʻalekela ma laila. ʻOiai ma ka nui, 10 miliona mau ʻīlio hihiu pinepine o ka poʻe noho o nā wahi wai ākea, nā lua kupapaʻu, nā wahi i hoʻopale i loko o ke kaona, a me nā alanui he ala. Me kēlā hiki ke kūpono a me ka hoʻohiolo kiʻekiʻe ma nā kūlana like ʻole, kahi ʻīlio maʻamau e like me ka mea he ʻano he, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻē mai i kahi pōʻino.
Na palapala kapu
ʻE kū ʻelua mau subspecies. ʻO nā Jackals e noho ana i ka Melania a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, me ka Caucasus a me Dagestan, no nā subspecies ulaula a he loko uliuli paha. Canis aureus maeoticus. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā Jackals o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka pae (India, Central Asia, Iran) no nā subspecies maʻamau Canis aureus aureus kala kala ʻokoʻa loa.
Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau subspecies liʻiliʻi e kūlike ana i ka ʻĀpana ʻAmelika:
- Canis aureus algirensis
- Canis aureus anthus
- Canis aureus bea
- Canis aureus lupaster
- Canis aureus maroccanus
- Canis aureus grena
- Canis aureus soudanicus
ʻAʻole kākoʻo ia ke koho ʻana o kēia mau subspecies e nā zoologists āpau.
ʻLeʻele a me ke ʻano
ʻO kahi holoholona ʻakaʻaka ʻo ia he holoholona ʻokoʻa loa. Ua hānai nui ia i ka wāʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mea nui nui i kaʻaiʻai ke kalaka, akā, ʻaʻole i nui, e like me nā hyena. Lele ia i nā mea nui o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, a me nā kahe, nā mea, nā palaka, nā bako, nā snails, e ʻai nui ana i nā pepeke - nā pulu manu, nā nāhelehele, nā ʻano like ʻole. Makemake nā jackals e hele a puni nā loko wai i ʻike ai lākou i ka iʻa snihuyu. Ma nā wīwī nui, ʻo ka wā ka manu ʻana o ka wai ma loko o nā kōnawai, ʻoi aku ka ʻai o ka ʻīlio i ka hoʻoilo wai ka wai hoʻoilo. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kupapaʻu o kekahi holoholona nui i hāʻule nui, ʻākoakoa pinepine nā ʻīlio ma nā hui a ʻai i ka ʻalaleka i loko o ka hui o nā manu lele lele.
Holo pinepine nā Jackals hoʻokahi a i ʻole ka mau kapalua, i kekahi manawa ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonikō maikaʻi lākou i ka mea i hoʻopili a hopu iā ia. E lawaiʻa pū ana, hoʻokau lākou i ka mea i pio ma ka ʻaoʻao. He holoholona hoʻokalakupua ka Jackal, ʻaʻole ia he akamai a he maalea, akā, he puʻuwai a papaha hoʻi. Ma kahi lele nui, hiki iā ia ke hopu i kahi manu e kū aʻe i ka lewa. Nā manu ma ka honua - pheasants, turuchs - ʻeha nui ka ʻeha o nā ʻīlio. E ʻimi ana ka ʻīlio i ka hunter, i haʻalulu me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, kū pinepine e sniff a hoʻolohe. Aia ma laila nā ʻīlio nui, e hālei nā ʻīlio iā lākou e lawe pono i nā koena o kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana, e hopu ana i nā koʻi i pololei mai lalo o ka ihu. He holoholona a nā holoholona a nā holoholona a i ʻole ka hana i ka neʻe i ka wā, akā ke hele nei lākou i kahi mamao o kahi noho mau no ka ʻimi ʻana i ke ola a ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi o ka nui o nā holoholona a i nā holoholona hihiu paha e hānai ai i ka kalima.
Hoʻohana ʻo Jackal i nā hua he nui a me nā huaʻai, me nā hua waina, nā wai mane, nā meloni, nā kīkaha kanu, nā kumuʻa kōpaʻa hihiu. I Tajikistan, i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nui ia i nā hua o ka hānai.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā jackals e noho kokoke ana me nā kānaka. Ma nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale o ka hema o Asia Hūlū, ua lono lākou ma waena o nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala, e puni ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻai i waena o nā wahi o nā wahi ʻilihune.
He holoholona akamai a Jackal ka Jackal. Ma nā huaʻōlelo o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā hōʻeuʻeu ma nā hale ʻoihana kīwī a me nā halepule pānaʻi, ʻoi aku paha ʻo ia o ke ʻoi aku i nā pokopō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka luhi loa i ka pōʻino i ka mea mua i ke kaua ʻana i kekahi kanaka, a no laila, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻeha a nā kānaka mai kēia mau holoholona.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōhua like ʻole o ke ola i ke ola, a ikaika ke kāne i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka lua a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i ka ʻōpala. Ke ʻike ʻia nei ka estrus a ka jackal mai ka hopena o Ianuali a Pepeluali, i kekahi manawa a hiki i Malaki. Hoʻohālike ka lāhui me ia i wehewehe ʻia no ka ʻīlio - nā ʻīlio hihiu nui e kani nui ai. Noho ʻo Pregnancy ma kahi 60-63 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā haumāna kamiki mai i Malaki ma ka hopena o Mei. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o 4-6, mau manawa a hiki i 8. ʻO nā wīhine wahine i ka manawa i loko o ka lua, aia kahi maʻalahi ma kahi o ka lōʻihi o ʻelua mau mika a hoʻokahi hoʻokahi hohonu. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā pua ʻo Jackal ma mua o nā alopeke. ʻO kahi puʻu ʻāina nui e ninini ʻia i mua o ka ihu. Ma loko o kēia mau lua e pee ai nā ʻīlima i ka lā, a i ka manawa pōpilikia - i kahi manawa ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mau manawa i kahi kokoke koke i kekahi mau puʻu e pili ana i nā ʻōiwi like ʻole. Noho nā Burrows ma nā wahi he nui loa.
ʻAi ka wahine i kāna mau keiki me ka waiū no 2-3 mau mahina, akā i ka manawa o 2-3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hānai, ʻokiʻai i ka mea make. I ka wā hemo, e lilo ka mea ʻōpio a kūleʻa wale aku a i ʻole nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona 2-4 Ua hiki i nā wahine i nā wā'ōpiopio a ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ke ola he ola a hiki i 12-14 makahiki.
He leo nui loa a Jackal a ʻano leo hoʻi. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana, e hoʻokuʻi ana ka holoholona i kahi kāwā nui, e like me ka nui, a me ke ʻona, e ʻoki koke ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana. Hoʻomaka lākou e uwē i nā manawa ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, ke kani ʻana o nā bele, ke kani ʻana o kahi haku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea hou aʻe, kāhea aku nā ʻīlio i ka manawa holo. I ke ao a me ka wā o ke ao uila paha e noho mālie lākou, akā pehea lākou e hoʻolaha nui ai i nā pō aniani.
A ʻo nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻīlio, a laila no ka holoholona liʻiliʻi a nawaliwali nei, hiki i nā mea ʻekolu a me nā mea nui ke hoʻopilikia. He hālāwai me ka ʻīlio, kahi e hoʻopili ai kona awelika me ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻole i pai maikaʻi i ka ʻīlio - loaʻa pinepine iā ia i ka ʻīlio no ka ʻaina awakea. I nā kauā ʻīlio jackalous, he wā kahiko ka ʻīlio.
ʻO ke kanaka maʻamau a me ke kāne
Ma nā wahi kahi makaʻu piha loa ka ʻīlio i ke kanaka a hiki iā ia ke kū ma ke ala he ʻelua wale nō mau minuke mai ka ʻili o nā ʻano. Ma kahi e nui loa ai nā ʻīlio a nui e hōʻeha nei ka nui o nā mahiʻai. Hoʻokomo nā Jackals i nā pōʻino nui i nā māla, nā melona a me nā mea kanu, ʻai i ka kōniha, nā melona, nā wai, nā hua waina. Mea ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā ʻōpiopio a koho ma waena o nā hua i ka meaʻala, ʻo ka ʻūhū me ka nui o nā huehue, ka mea e hoʻāʻo e ʻona. Ma muli o kēia, e alualu pinepine ka poʻe kamaʻāina i nā ʻīlio, hopu lākou iā lākou me ke kōkua mai o nā poʻe haole a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i ka manawa. Akā ʻoiaiʻo ka līlio a ka ʻīlio ke kūleʻa nui loa - he luhi loa ka ʻīlio e hopu ai i ka maka o kahi mea lawehala punahele a hāʻule paha i loko o ka mahele makeshift. Hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia nā jackals i loko o nā mahiʻaiʻai manuahi, i loko o nā nutria a me muskrat, a me ka hoʻoilo i nā manu manu. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka mea ʻoi loa i nā ʻīlio nā kumu o nā maʻi weliweli - rabies a me nā maʻi ʻō. I loko o nā kamaʻāina, kahi holoholona ka ʻāʻī i ka holoholona "ʻōpala", kahi kahu maʻi o ka maʻi a me nā lolo.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻīlio mai kahi pono o ka maka o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a laila i liʻiliʻi ke kōkua mai ia mea - ʻaʻole hiki i kona ʻili ke kūpono no nā mea hana. Ma nā 40-50s i ka USSR, ʻo ka hulu jackal, akā, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻoiai me ka liʻiliʻi loa.
Ua kāla ʻia ka loholā. ʻAʻohe mea i koe i ka wā mamao, ʻo ia, ka mea i hāpai i kekahi mau ʻīlio home.
ʻO Jackal i ka moʻomeheu
He kūlana koʻikoʻi ka ʻīlio ma ka moʻoʻī o nā lāhui o ʻAsia a me ʻApelila. He kaulana ia i nā moʻolelo Indian, i ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he manuahi manu, akā, he rogue dexterous, hoʻopunipuni i nā mea a pau e hālāwai ai ia. I nā wahi ma nā North and West Africa, mahalo ʻia ka jackal i kāna mau kuʻuna a wikiwiki.
I ka wā kahiko o Egypt, ʻo ia ka mea nui o nā holoholona i mahalo nui ʻia, ʻo ke akua ʻo Anubis, ua hōʻike ʻia me ke poʻo o kahi alaloa.
No ka lehulehu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi o ke kālele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e like me ka kiʻi ʻana o kahi kiʻi. No laila, ma ka East East, ua pili nā ʻīlio me ka petrration petty, licking, a me ka hōʻino (ʻo ke kumu no kēia, maopopo, ʻo ka kīʻaha o jackal ke kāohi i ke koena o ka ʻai o nā mea kai nui, e pili ana i ka maʻa mau me nā kuʻekuʻe). Hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka palaʻai a me ka ʻano kumu. ʻO kēia mau ʻāina, nā hua'ōlelo "jackal", "ke keiki a ke kanaka" i hōʻino alane. Ua haki ʻia ke kiʻi like like o ka ʻīlio na R. Kipling i kāna "Jungle Books" - ʻike iā Tobaccos.
ʻO ma Lūkia kekahi wahi no ka alaka. ʻO ia kahi huaʻōlelo maikaʻi "jackal" ma ke ʻano - e haʻahaʻa me ka haʻahaʻa e noi ai i kahi pāpale lima.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
- Ua kapa ʻia nā Roma he ʻīlio gula. No laila ua inoa kona inoa Latin aureus, ʻo ia hoʻi, gula.
- ʻO nā ulu o nā iwi, i kekahi manawa i loaʻa ma luna o ke kaʻe o ke kāʻei maʻamau a e hūnā ana i ka pūpū o ka lauoho lōʻihi, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mascot maikaʻi loa i nā wahi nui o India a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mau ʻīlio.
- Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Chandragupta Marg Street ma Delhi, e kū ana i ka Lūkini Lūkini ma India, ua kaulana ʻo ia ma waena o nā limahana o ka ʻekepili ma lalo o ka inoa comic ʻo Jackal Street. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku paha ma kahi o 10-15 mau makahiki i hala, ua hiki i kekahi ke launa i nā ʻīlio ma luna, i koho maikaʻi me i ka pō.
- ʻAʻole ka hui ʻo Aeroflot i nā ʻīlio, akā ke kaʻe ma waena o ka ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio Sulimov, e nānā i nā ukana no ka hiki ke ʻike i nā mea huna. No ka leʻaleʻa, ʻo kēia "breed" kapa ʻia ʻo ia "shabaka." Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Shabaki ma mua o kahi ʻīlio maʻamau.
- Ua kapa ʻia kēia inoa ʻo "Jackal" e ka mea hoʻoweliweli kaulana o Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez.
Nā Nānā
- ↑Sokolov V.E. ʻO ka hapanui papa inoa o nā inoa holoholona. Nā Pākuʻi Latin, Lūkia, Pelekānia, Kelemānia, Farani. / hoʻoponopono ʻia e Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 94. - 10,000 kope.
- ↑ʻO Wolf Wolf // Brockhaus lāua ʻo Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: i ka 86 heluna (82 mau kāleka a me 4 mau). - SPb. , 1890-1907. Kumuhana Pedashenko D. D.
E nānā i ke "ʻO ka Palekana Jackal" ma nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe.
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