ʻO ka muskrat wale nō ka mākona o nā huaʻōlelo, nona nā subfamily o voles mai ke kauoha o ka lāʻau rodents. I kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, ua kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka muskrat. Makemake ʻo ia i kahi hale semi-aquatic. Ua hānau ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a laila hana maoli ʻia i loko o Eurasia.
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Kāleka
Hoʻohālikelike ke ʻano o ke kino o ka muskrat i nā kiʻi nui. Kuhi nā lālā pākeke i loko o ʻelua kilograma me ke kino lōʻihi o 23 a 36 centimeter. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kāʻei ma ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki ke loli mai ka 18 a 28 paha kenimika. ʻO ke kino o kēia holoholona he ʻano cylindrical. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo i ka nui me ka muzzle elongated. ʻOhi ke ʻāʻī. Ma ke poʻo nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻole ma muli o ka hulu. Ua liʻiliʻi nā maka a ua kiʻekiʻe ma nā muzzle.
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Aia ka mea ola ma waho o ka puʻuwai waha e kōkua i ka holoholona me ka lāʻau paʻakikī ma lalo o ka wai. He kāʻei nui a ʻoiʻu ka hiʻu, uhi ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me ka lauoho sparse. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā wāwae hind me nā membranes.
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Kaulana nā ʻōiwi kohu no kā lākou huluhulu, ʻo ia ka wai ma ke ʻano. He kapa ʻilihune a mānoanoa ka hulu. ʻEleʻele, ʻeleʻele paha, a he ʻulaʻula paha ke kua o hope. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka hulu, a ʻo ke kala hiki ke loli mai ka hina me ke hina-hina. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā muskrats i ke kauwela ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
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Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka ʻāina kahua maoli o ka muskrat ka wahi mai ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika a hiki i Mexico. No ka mea i lawe pinepine ʻia ai nā muskrats i ʻEulopa, ua lawe lākou i nā aʻa i kihi mai ʻĀsia, Kina a me Korea. Loaʻa ʻia lākou ma ka ʻāina o nā kahe wai hou ma ʻIseraʻela. Ma Lūkia, hiki ke loaʻa ka muskrat ma ka wahi Eurasian o Siberia, ka Far East a me Kamchatka.
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ʻO ka loko nāʻa peat, nā kahawai a me nā kēne e koho ʻia nā mea maʻamau. Hiki i kokoke i nā loko wai kūlohelohe. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano pili kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale, no ka mea he makaʻu ʻole nā muskrats i nā kānaka. Hōʻalo i nā wahi me ka wai ʻōkole a me ka nele o nā mea kanu.
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Mea ʻai
ʻAi nā Muskrats i ka meaʻai kanu, akā hiki ke ʻai pū i nā amphibians like ʻole. ʻO nā mea kanu, ke kō, nā lau, nā ʻeke a me ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka wai e makemake ʻia. Hiki i ka poʻe pōloli i ka muskrats ka iʻa, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks a me nā baki. Mai haʻalele i ka ʻai ʻaina. Ma kahi o 7 pakeneka o ka papa meaʻai i nā holoholona holoholona.
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I ka wā anuanu e hānai ana lākou i nā wahi huna i nā meaʻai, a me kahi eʻa ai ka wai a me nā kūmole. He mau holoholona territorial kēia, ʻoiai me ka mea e pono ai ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ko lākou wahi i ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mika.
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Ke noho maʻamau
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā muskrats ma ko lākou hoʻomaha ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hana ikaika a kokoke i nā manawa āpau o ke ao. ʻO kā lākou hana nui o ka hana ʻana i nā pūkaʻa e hiki ke piʻi a hiki i 2 mika a diameter a 1.2 m hohonu. E like me ke kānāwai, aia i loko o kahi kaila aia kahi puka e hele i loko o ka wai. ʻO ke anuanu o loko kūlohelohe he 20 degere Celsius kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke anuanu o waho.
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Kūkulu ʻia nā pōkō kikowaena mai kekahi me kekahi. He mea maʻamau no kēia mau holoholona ke hana i kā lākou mea kanu ponoʻī, aia ma kahi mamao 2-8 mika mai ka lua a hoʻolilo ʻia e mālama i nā meaʻai meaʻai. Ua haki lākou i nā kaila mai ka hale a i ka mea mālama e loaʻa i ke lako wikiwiki nā lako.
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Kūpaha ʻia nā muskrats no kā lākou hoʻomaʻemaʻe hāmeʻa. Ma muli o ka heleʻana o nā wai kūikawā i loko o ke koko a me nā ʻuhane, ʻike nui lākou ma lalo o ka wai me ka ʻole o ka ea. Aia nā hihia i loaʻa i ka muskrats ma lalo o ka wai no 17 mau minuke. Ma muli o kēia mau mākau, hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i ka pilikia kūpono o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
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Hānau kūleʻa
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation ma kahi o 25-35 lā. Kahi kūnaka lau mai 7 a 8 mau cub. Hāpai ka noho i kahi anu anu i ka mauʻu i ʻelua mau kekona i ka manawa o ka makahiki, a ua noho nā poʻe noho i kahi mahana a hiki i 5 litters. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomāʻo ka kāne ke ʻimi i ka ʻai no ka wahine, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kūlana no ke ola ʻana o nā cubs.
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Hānau ʻia nā pēpē piha me ke koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka 22 gram. Ma hope o 10 mau lā, loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke ʻauʻau, a ma hope o kekahi mau pule ke ʻai i nā mea kanu. Mai ka makahiki 1, hiki ke kūleʻa ka muskrats liʻiliʻi, akā, ʻo ka hoʻoilo mua ka mea ma hope o ko lākou mau mākua.
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Puhi ka hala i nā makahiki 7 a 12 mau mahina. Pili ka ola i ke kūlohelohe e pili ana i 3 mau makahiki, a i ka pio - a hiki i 10 mau makahiki.
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Muskrat me nā cub
ʻLelo hana i ka kūlohelohe
ʻOiai he nui loa nā muskrats i loko o ke ʻano, lilo lākou i mau meaʻai no nā mea he nui. Hoʻomaka ʻia lākou e nā raccoons, otters, alligators, pikes, barnws barn a pēlā aku. Hiki i nā ʻōmole manuahi a me nā pōleʻa e ʻimi i nā ʻili. ʻO nā Muskrats hoʻi nā pinepine o nā ʻalopeke nui a me nā coyotes. Ua luku ʻia nā ʻikekikeke o nā muskrats i nā bears, nā ʻalalā hihiu a me nā ʻīlio hihiu. I ʻole e hāʻule i loko o nā kumulāʻau o nā mea hoʻopōmaikaʻi, hūnā nā muskrats i ka hohonu o ka wai a i loko paha o kā lākou mink. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, mālama nā holoholona iā lākou iho me kā lākou mau kīʻaha a me nā niho.
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Hōʻike ka helu muskrat i ka fecundity kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻiʻana i nā loli kūlohelohe, akā e emi ana kā lākou helu i kēlā me kēia 6-10 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia no ka oscillation kūlohelohe maoli, akā ʻaʻohe kumu kumu kūpono.
ʻO keʻano o ka helehelena
I ka ʻōlelo o ka nui, he manuahi kēia holoholona ma waena o kahi mauʻu a me kahi beaver. Hiki i kekahi pākeke ke hiki i ke paona o 1.8 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ākea o 45-70 cm. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hapalua paha kēia hapa o ka huelo. Ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia a ma hope aku, e uhi ʻia me nā mea kaupaona a me nā lauoho, a me kahi huluhulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e holo i lalo. Ke neʻe nei mai ʻō ia mai ka puʻu o ka ʻāina. Ma kona kumu kahi ʻelua nāu momona ingu ʻelua. Ma o lākou momona muskyka māka ʻohu ʻai ka inoa.
Pono ke kino a puni ke kino me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a me kahi kūmū maikaʻi. Kūleʻe nā aniani mai lalo o ka hulu. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, ākea loa. ʻO ka mea like i ka muskrat me nā beavers ʻo ia kona incisors protrudeme ka ʻole e komo ana i ka waha. ʻAe kēia iā ia e hakakā i nā mea ma lalo o ka wai me ka hāmama ʻana i kona waha. ʻOi aku ka wāwae o mua i ka mua. Ua hoʻolako lākou me nā membranes a me nā ʻili nāili.
He kapa hoʻoluʻu ka huluhulu i ka huluhulu: aia i lalo o ke kapa siliki mai lalo, a mai kahi pale aku mai luna aʻe. ʻĀpana ka waihoʻoluʻu: ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a me nā limu, ʻeleʻele me ka uliuli ke ʻōpū. I ke kauwela, wela ka huluhulu i ka lā a lilo i māmā. Momona ka hulu, fluffy a me ka waie. E mālama pono ka holoholona iā ia: hoʻopiha me ka ʻaila a me nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
O kekahi mea uila no ke ola wai ʻo ia ke kumu o nā hemoglobin i loko o ke koko a me myoglobin i loko o nā ʻōpū. Hāʻawi kēia i nā muskrat i manawa e hala ʻole me ka oxygen i nā manawa lōʻihi.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ke kumu kakahiaka. ^ E Ha yM. Lawe ka wahine i nā ʻāpana i loko o hoʻokahi mahina. I loko o kahi līlani aia mau a hiki i ka 7-8 pup. Ma ka ʻāina ʻākau, hiki i nā hua like ke 1-2 i ka makahiki. I nā kūkulu hema o nā muskrats e hānau ai i keiki he 2-3 mau makahiki i ka makahiki. No hoʻokahi mahina, e hānai ana ka makuahine i kāna keiki me ka waiū, e ulu wikiwiki a uhi ʻia i ka huluhulu. Aia ma ka lā ʻelima, ua hāmaka nā maka o nā keiki, a i ka ʻumi o kā lākou hoʻomaka e aʻo e ʻauʻau. Ma hope o ka 30-35 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou i ka meaʻai kanu.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomau nā ʻōpiopio e noho pū me ko lākou makuahine. A me ka hoʻomaka o ka mahana wela, e kipaku ʻo ia iā lākou mai loko o ka mink. No laila, e hoʻouna ʻia nā muskrats ʻōpio i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻOiai ke kūkaʻi nui loa, nā mauʻu musky ʻaʻole e ola ma kahi o 3 mau makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻonui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma 9-10 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka hihiu.
Puaa Muskrat
ʻO kēia holoholona kekahi o nā mea lawaiʻa, hāʻawi nā mea ʻala momona momona. ^ E Ha yM. A ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ua kuhi ʻia no ka ʻiʻo ʻono e like me ka nui aʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā muskrats i nā māla loea a pilikino. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻili i nā hua i ka lole no ke kāwili ʻia i nā kapa huluhulu, nā pāpale me nā mea like ʻole. Ke koi ʻia kēlā mau huahana, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai o ko lākou kumukūʻai e hui pū ʻia me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. He lei a nani ka hulu, me nā waiwai wai-repellent, lawelawe iā 4-5 mau makahiki.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau ua hoʻohana i ka momona muskrat. ^ E Ha yM. He kūpono no ke kaohi ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea huna musky i ka ʻano hana ʻala.
Nā kūlana pio
I kahi kaiaulu, hoʻāʻo nā holoholona e hana i nā kūlana ola maoli. E hoʻāla i ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale ua hoʻolilo ʻia lākou nā ʻano hale kūkulu hale. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopuni ka puka mai ka lua ma ka pā kele. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, a laila e kau i ka mana nui me ka wai.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka ration hānai ʻana mai ka hihiu. ʻO nā ʻōpuhi musk ke hauʻoli i nā mea a lākou e hāʻawi ai. Hiki iā ia:
- nā lau ʻala hou,
- mauʻu o nā dandelions a me ka lāʻau ʻala,
- pani
- berena, berena
- palaoa a me nā mea.
I ka wā ulu uluʻana, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui pono i ka meaʻai o nā muskrats: ke kīwī kekona, ka waiū, ka iʻa, ka iʻa.
Me ka mālama pono a me nā ʻike muskrat maikaʻi hoʻololi koke i nā kānaka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kahi pōʻino o ka maʻi mai lākou mai me nā maʻi maʻi āpau.