Chum - He iʻa kēia na ka ʻohana salmon. No nā holoholona waiwai ma muli o ka palupalu, aʻai momona a me nā caviar koʻikoʻi loa. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ia i ka hōʻike loiloi. ʻO Keta, ma ka ʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano, i like ʻole i ʻelua mau lāhui nui. ʻO nā ʻano āpau i kēia mau lā i like like i ke ʻano, he ʻano like a me ka noho ʻole. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa kahi ʻo ke kala ʻo Sakhalin chum salmon, kahi i mālama ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻAʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka holomua o kēia iʻa ma muli o ka nele o nā ʻike ʻepekema. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ichthyologists e ola nā ʻelele kahiko o ka salmon o kēia wā ma nā muliwai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. He liʻiliʻi ia i ka nui a ua like ka hina me ke ʻano a me ke ʻano. Ma muli o ke kumu i ola mau nā kuʻikahi o kēia ʻohana i nā kūlana ʻōmaʻomaʻo loa i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻokaumaha, ʻike nui lākou i nā loli i nā kūlana ola.

Wahi a nā kiʻi pena, ua hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i nā kūpuna kahiko o ke kākāmoni i nā wā kahiko i noho mua i ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pākīpika ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki i hala. Noho kekahi o nā iʻa i noho ai i nā loko nui.

Kōkua: Keta

Nui wale nā ​​ʻano salmon i hala. ʻO kekahi o nā mea e kūlike loa a ʻano kupaianaha hoʻi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo "saler-toothed salmon." Ua kapa ʻia ia ma hope o ka tiger sabot-toothed ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka iʻa lōʻihi. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi i ka 5-6 kenimika ma loko o kahi pilikino.

ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa i ka mōʻaukala a me ka uluʻana o ka chum salmon i hele mai ma kahi o 2-3.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I loko o kēia manawa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā salmonids i nā ʻano ʻano, kēlā me kēia i noho ma kona wahi o kona noho kūwaho.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o kahi chum

Hoʻolaha kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana salmon i ka hapa nui o kona ola i loko o ke kai. Ma kēia hana, loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no ka poʻe moana kai: ʻo nā kala kala me ka kaila haʻahaʻa. Ma ke kula o ke kua, ua uliuli aku ka iʻa, i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū e māmā aku ai. Mālama kēia kala i ka iʻa e hele a ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka kolamu wai a ma lalo o ka ʻili. He nui nā hiʻohiʻona chum a me nā hiʻohiʻona.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona waho:

• kino nui elongated, elongated ʻano,
• i hoʻopaʻa iki ʻia, nā ʻaoʻao i paʻa ʻole ʻia,
• cinsal a me nā meli adipose i neʻe iki loa i ka huʻu a loaʻa i 8 a 11 ke hulu hulu,
• ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo i ke ʻano o ka nui o ke kino a loaʻa i ke ʻano o ka maka,
• he laulu ka waha, he puʻupaʻa kā waha.
• ʻAʻohe wahi nohoʻeleʻele a me nā ala i loko o ka waha,
• ua uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi i nui,
• aia kahi hopena nui caudal i hala me kahi noanaki.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: I ka wā hoʻomaha, ua loli nui ke kino o ke kino a me ke ʻano o ka iʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kino a ʻoi loa ka nui, kahi hump puka i hope. Hoʻonui a nui nui nā kahu, ʻaʻa nā niho a nui a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa ka kala i kahi kala kala, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoliva paha. ʻO nā lilac a i ʻole raspberry e hele mai ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o ke kino, eʻeleʻele i ka wā o ka manawa.

Hiki i kekahi iʻa ke ulu i nā nui nui. Hiki ke paʻi ka kino o kona kino i ka 60-80 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaumaha o kona kino hiki ke hoʻonui i ka 10 kilograms.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: Inā ʻoe e manaʻo e pili ana i ka ʻikepili maʻamau, a laila ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ke kino o ka salum chum ma hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau mika, a ʻo ka huina ka 16 kilograms!

ʻO ka iʻa e hele no ka spawning i ka manawa pinepine ka loa o ke kino e pili ana i 50-65 kenimika. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka chum o ke kauwela ma mua o nā nui o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ke ʻano salum?

Hoʻi kiʻi: Keta ma Lūkia

Hoʻolaha ka chum salmon i ka nui o kona ola i nā kino o ka wai paʻakai ma kahi o ke kahakai. ʻO ka noho maʻamau no ka cham salmon ka ʻĀpana Pākīpika. He mea maʻamau ka kāhea ʻana i ka iʻa lawaiʻa no ka mea ola maoli i loko o ke kai, a neʻe a halaʻe i ka waha o nā kahawai. He mea pono ia ke ʻike i ka ʻala ʻana i ka chum salmon e ʻimi pono i ka waha o kēlā mau muliwai, mai kahi mea i puka mai ai ʻoiai he ʻano mea ʻeli. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā kuʻuna i nā wai wai wai o ka Far East, nā ʻāina ʻAsia, a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai Kaleponi a i Alaska.

E like me nā wahi no ka noho mau ʻana a me ka meaʻai, koho ka iʻa i nā wai mahana o ka Moana Pakipika - ka wai i lalo o Kuro-Sivo.

ʻO nā nohona kahi o nā chum salmon:

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spawning ma nā waha wai. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa i ka iʻa ma nā muliwai like me ka Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, Penzhira, Poronaya, Okhota, a pēlā aku ʻo Keta kahi iʻa mai ka wai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e noho ana ma kahi hohonu ʻaʻole o 10 mau mika. Hoʻohana nui ka iʻa i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka neʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hiki i kēia manawa ke kiko no kahi 2,5 a 10 mau makahiki.

ʻIke ʻo Ichthyologists e pili nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana salmon e noho nei i ka Moana Pakipika, he chum salmon kahi i noho nui loa. Ma kekahi mau wahi o Rūsia, ma ka nui loa, ma Kamchatka a me Sakhalin, noho ka chum salmon i loko o nā loko wai i manaʻo ʻia no ka mahiʻai iʻa no nā kumu hana.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka chum salmon?

Ke ulu nei ka iʻa, ua loli kona ola. I ka hiki ʻana aku i ka nui a me ka paona o ke kino kahi e palekana ʻole ai i ka noho ma ke kai ākea, hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi noho predatory. I ka wā o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paona nui, pono ka iʻa i ka nui o ka meaʻai, ke loaʻa wale i ke kai.

Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka pīkī, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻōlaʻi i ka moana ākea. Ma laila lākou e hōʻuluʻulu ai i ka hui, a loaʻa kahi wahi kaʻawale kahi a lākou e peʻe ai a hiki i ka nui o nā ʻāpana.

I ka wā o ka makahiki, ua kū ka iʻa i ka nohona predatory a ʻai i nā mea nui. I loko o kēia manawa, pono ka nui o ka hana e hoʻokūkū ana i ka paona i kēlā me kēia lā a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e kū pono ana me nā meaʻala.

ʻO kahi waihona hānai no nā pākeke:

Ma muli o ka iʻa o ka iʻa i loko o kahi pā, mālama pū ia i nā pā. E kōkua ka hoʻoili kūikawā ʻana iā lākou ʻaʻole e hele wale i ka poʻe ʻenemi, akā no kā lākou mea pio. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ka lawa i kahi iʻa e kū kū kakali wale nei no ka lawe ʻana. I ka wā e hoʻokokoke ai ka ʻai a hiki i kahi kūpono, hiki i ka iʻa a hoʻolei a hopu aku. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻomaka wale kahi hipa chum salmon e kula i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a hopu wale i nā mea āpau i mālama ʻole e peʻe.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: Chum i ka wai

ʻO kēia ʻano ʻelele o ka ʻohana salmon ʻano mea hou loa e hoʻi i nā wahi hānau. Keta aneane hoʻokahi haneli mau hapa o nā hihia i ka wā i hele ai ʻo ia i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hānau ʻia ai ʻo ia. ʻO ia ʻano ka mea i lilo i ka mana nui a ka ichthyologists i hoʻokaʻawale i ka chum salmon ma ʻelua mau papa e like me ke kumu kuhihewa - ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia. Ma ka vivo, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia ko lākou hālāwai.

Ma ka'āpana o ka Lūkini Lūkini, noho ke kanaka ʻauhau ʻĀina a me nā moʻomeheu.

Wahi a nā wahi i noho ai, ua hōʻike nā ichthyologists i kekahi mau subspecies o kēia ʻano.

• ʻona ʻauhau
• Sakhalin,
• Amur
• Ke Kai Okhotsk.

Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka palaoa i nā pākeke, ʻaʻole nā ​​koina makua, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i nā kahawai, e like me nā ʻelele mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana salmon. E kūkulu ʻo ia i ka nui o ka nui o ke kino, hele i ke kai ākea no kekahi mau makahiki. I ka wā mua, mālama ʻia nā mea kūʻokoʻa ʻole i ke kahakai i nā wahi i kahi ʻia. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻonui ke kino o ke iʻa ma kahi e pili ana i ka 2.5-3%. I kēlā manawa, i ka nui o ka iʻa e hiki aku i ka 30-40 kenimika, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻāpana kahi e lawa ai ka ʻai. Hiki pinepine i nā huakaʻi hele i nā makahiki he nui.

ʻO ka iʻa alima chum ʻaʻole kahi iʻa i ka wahi kaʻawale; e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā kula he nui. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e noho ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kai Pakipika. I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wai a hoʻomāloʻo ka wai, ua neʻe i ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻohana he nui i loko o ka moekolohe a maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kēlā mau iʻa i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka hua e hoʻouna ʻia i nā kahakai hema. Ke ulu a ulu ka pīpī a lilo i laha.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Loaʻa ka Puberty i nā makahiki he 3.5 a 6.5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka wā kanu mua e wehe ʻia e nā poʻe no ke lāhui kauwela. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahine i hānau i loko o nā iʻa ʻōpio, ʻo lākou a ʻo kona makahiki ʻaʻole i piha ma mua o ʻehiku mau makahiki. ʻO 16-18% wale nō nā wahine ma mua o ʻehiku mau makahiki.

Hoʻomaka nā mea kuʻi o ke ʻano o ke kauwela i ke kauwela o ke kauwela, ke kahikiliki, ma ka manawa i like me ka mahana a hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia kona ʻano ma lalo o 14 tikelī. Kūpono maoli nā kūmole o ka hāʻule i ka hāʻule o ka wā anu. ʻO kahi kūpono no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hua mahele ʻaʻole i nā ʻelehe hohonu, kahi e hohonu ai ka hohonu o ka hohonu o ka lua mau mika. ʻAʻole ikaika o ka kahe o ia mau wahi, a ʻo nā pebbles, nā māpala a me nā mea hānai paha e kūpono e like me ka papa ma lalo.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahi kūpono loa, mākaukau ka wahine i kahi no ka spawning. ʻO ka mea mua, me ke kōkua o nā ʻuʻekuʻe ikaika, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo ia i ka papakū i kahi e hele ai ia i kahi. Ma hope o ke ʻano, i ke ʻano like, ua kāwā ʻo ia i kahi lua ma lalo o lalo, kahi hohonu e hiki ai i ka hapalua mita. I kēlā me kēia lua, hiki i kahi wahine ke waiho i kahi 6-7 mano o nā hua. ʻO ka huina o ka caviar hiki ke piʻi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a ʻelua kilograma. A laila, huki nā kāne, a hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi i ka wahine i loko o ka lepo.

ʻO ka mokumea Chum kahi iʻa momona loa. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hana i ʻekolu a ʻehā paha o kēia mau lima i nā wahi like ʻole i ka manawa spawning hoʻokahi.

ʻIke maoli nō: Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua a me ka lawena, make nā iʻa a pau ma loko o kahi mahina. Kuhi ʻia kēia wā lewa i ke ʻano i hiki ai i ka iʻa ke waiho i nā ʻāina kīʻaha a hoʻomākaʻi ʻia ma ke kahawai e pale ai i kahi pōʻino.

Makahiki ka lā incubation ma kahi o 120-140 lā. Ma hope o kēia manawa o ka manawa, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā hua hua, kahi i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pā ʻehā. Hana ia i ka hana o ka pale a hāʻawi i nā embryos i hoʻomohala me ka ʻole e waiho ana i kahi o nā waiho hua. ʻO ka puka mua o ka pīkī i ulu ʻia i ka hopena - ʻApelila, mua o Mei. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻohi a hōʻuluʻulu i nā pūʻulu a hūnā ma nā mea kanu kai, nā pōhaku. Ma muli o ke kala kikoʻī koʻikoʻi, hoʻokele ʻia ka pīpī i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā poʻe predator he nui.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke kal

ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o kahi chum

Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia Chum no ka noho ʻana ma nā kai kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kala kūpono, ʻo ia ka ʻae iā ia e kali wale nō i ka ʻai, e hui pū me ka pūhaka o lalo, a i ʻole kai wai, akā, e hūnā no nā ʻenemi i kēia ala. Eia naʻe, e lawa ana ia mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. I kēlā me kēia wahi o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, loaʻa iā ia kahi nui o nā ʻenemi. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu moana i ka waiho ʻana i ka salmon chum, ʻai i kāna hua manu, ka mea ʻala i ka pī, a me nā pākeke.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o ka palaoa:

ʻO ka iʻa ʻōpio ʻole ka ʻenemi ʻaʻole i loko o nā wai kai. He nui nā ʻenemi nui e noho ana ma ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau i ka wai pāpaku a noho i ke kahakai kahakai.

Kiwi o nā pākeke:

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā i waena o nā ʻenemi iʻa i ke kanaka. Holo aku ʻo ia iā ia ma kahi ʻano kalepa. He waiwai nui kona caviar a me ka ʻulaʻula. Kūpono ʻia nā ʻaina i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai kēia ʻano iʻa i kahi ʻano maikaʻi maoli, kahi kumu kulukula, a mahalo nui ʻia i waena o nā poʻe gourmets.

Hoʻokū ʻia ʻo Ketu me kā lākou ʻola a me nā ʻupena. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ka Lūkini Lūkini, ua hopu ʻia ka chum salmon ma ka waena o nā kahawai a me nā wahi o ka moana. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻai hoʻolaʻa kokoke i nā wahi lawaiʻa nui e pale ai i ka nūnū ʻana o ka ʻi a me nā caviar.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hopohopo ka helu o ka iʻa i ka honua. Hoʻolomo ʻia kēia me ka hana hana nui. Eia naʻe, ma Lūkia, ua emi loa ka nui o ka heluna o ka lehulehu i ka hapa mau makahiki i hala. He mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia e ka lawaiʻa kāohi ʻole a me ka nui o nā mākaʻi. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ma nā wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau kūikawā ma Sakhalin a me Kamchatka, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ka iʻa no nā kumu hana.

Ma Lūkia, ʻo ka nānā ʻana iʻa i nā iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā wahi o ka noho iʻa a me nā pōkole. Pēlā nō, pale ʻia nā lehulehu chum salmon i ka kānāwai mai ka hopu ʻole ʻana i ka paʻahana ʻoihana. ʻO ka lawaiʻa pilikino, e like me ka lawaiʻa ʻenehana, i ʻae ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala ʻae ʻana a loaʻa ka palapala laikini kūikawā.

Hāpai ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu chum salmon e ka hopu ʻana i ka nui o nā nui nui e nā Kepani ma kahi hapalua o nā makahiki i hala. I kēlā manawa, hoʻopuehu lākou i nā ʻoihana ma ka palena me US US no 15,000 km. Ma muli o kēia mau hana, ʻaʻole hiki i ke chum ke hoʻi hou i Sakhalin, Kamchatka a me nā wahi maʻamau. ʻO ia ka manawa i emi nui ai ka helu o ka iʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka lehulehu ma mua o kēia ʻaʻole i hoʻihoʻi ʻia.

Chum - He lālā makemake nui ia o ka ʻohana salmon. Mahalo nui ʻia e ka ʻiʻo momona a me ke olakino, me ka caviar ʻē aʻe maikaʻi loa hoʻi.