Hoʻowahāwahā pinepine ʻo Jackal, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻole ʻo ia e hōʻole i ka ʻōpena a me nā konohiki, a ma nā kauhale hiki iā ia ke ʻaihue i ka moa a me nā mea a pau maikaʻi ʻole. Akā inā nānā ʻoe i ia mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi holoholona akamai maikaʻi e ʻoi aku ana i ka nui o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka dexterity, maalea a me ka hoʻoweliweli. He mea hānai manuahi nā Jackals, ua paʻakikī lākou a he kūlike loa i kekahi o nā ʻano. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā kāne mau i kahi e mālama ai nā mākua ma ka keiki. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ola ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i hana i nā ʻōmole o ka nahele, steppe, a me savannah mai lākou. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka maʻi kalima a me ka make ʻana i nā holoholona i nāwaliwali a palupalu paha, hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka noho ʻana, pale i ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi, a kōkua i ke ʻano o ka hua i nā kānaka ikaika loa.
I ka moʻolelo haʻahaʻa o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano kūlike ʻole i ka jackal. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ua hui pū ʻia me ka meanness, fawning, a me ka palaha hoʻi ma nā ʻāina Muslim. Ma ʻĀkauu a me Komohana Komohana, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he holoholona i hoʻohanohano ʻia no kāna mau makaʻā a me ka dexterity wikiwiki. ʻAʻohe manaʻo i ko ʻAigupita kahiko, ua hōʻike ʻia ke akua ʻo Anubis me ke poʻo o ka ʻīlio. In India, nā ulu e like me ka pū e loaʻa ma ka ʻūhā o kekahi o kekahi mau mea i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka talisman. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka pūʻulu o nā lāhui āpau o ʻAmelika a me ʻApelika, ʻo ka haʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea mua, he ʻōpala akamai ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi, hoʻopunipuni, hoʻopunipuni a me nā ʻikepili. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano like like me nā "jackal", "jackal" ma Lūkini.
ʻO ka wehewehe a Jackal
Kahi like ka ʻīlio like me ka wolf i ke helehelena, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ia, ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ke aniani, a me ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino ʻaʻole ka huelo ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 80 cm, kiʻekiʻe - 50 cm. ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona maʻa 7-10 kg, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio maʻamau ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka paona o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hiki ke piʻi ma 15-20 kg. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻīlio, he muzzle sharper e like ana me ka ʻupena, a me nā wāwae lōʻihi kahe. ʻElima helu o nā cakahake ma nā wāwae mua, ʻehā ʻehā i nā wāwae ʻehā. Nui nā pepeiao o ka holoholona, kūpono, spiky, ākea ka nui. He huluhulu manuahi a ka ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka ʻalopeke, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 1/3 o ke kino o ka holoholona. ʻImi ʻia kona poʻo i nā kala ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻūhā o ka ʻīlio e noho mau i ka wā o ka wolf.
ʻO ka nui o nā wahine a me nā kāne, ʻokoʻa ka like, ma ka 12%. ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē i ka kala ma waena o ke kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO ke kapa ʻūhā ʻāʻī a paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Kūpaʻa ke kala o ke kapa i ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, he ulaula-ʻulaʻula me kahi kala ʻeleʻele o ka lauoho hope. I ke kauwela, loaʻa i ka hulu jackal ke kala i ke kala, ʻoi aku ka pōkole a lilo i ka lau. Ke keʻokeʻo ke kala o ke kakā a me ke kua. E like me nā ʻelele āpau o nā hua ʻīlio, loaʻa i nā ʻīlio nā niho he 42, nā niho ʻehā i hoʻololi ʻia e ʻili ai i ka ʻili mānoʻolima, nāwaliwali nā niho o kēia mea nāna makehewa. ʻO ke ola he ola he 4-14 mau makahiki, a ma ka hoʻopio i kekahi manawa he 16 mau makahiki.
Hoʻohana ka male o nā ʻīlio wahine i kekahi wahi i hōʻailona ʻia e nā mākaʻai fecal a me ka urinary. Nui ka nui o kēia pūnaewele, ʻoiai nā mea ʻona e pale aku iā ia mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā malihini. Hoʻopili pinepine nā Jackals ma kahi kokoke i nā kauhale a me nā kauhale, no laila ua ikaika lākou i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. Akā inā ʻaʻohe kanaka e noho kokoke i ko lākou wahi noho, hiki i nā holoholona ke hele i ka holo ma i ke ahiahi. ʻO ka pinepine ʻo ka ʻīlio a me ka lewa e hele ai, e hele i kekahi manawa i ka lawaiʻa a hui ʻana paha a he 8 mau mea pā. Kahi ʻia nā ʻōpiopio o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio o ia mau lula a hoʻomau a hiki i kahi hana hou ʻana o nā kāne hou. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke hana i nā hipa, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻae ʻia e ke ʻano pili o ka nohona pili i nā wolf pack.
Ka Hoʻoikaika Jackal
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Jackal he holoholona wikiwiki a paʻakikī hoʻi. Hoʻohui maikaʻi loa kona mau wāwae lōʻihi a me nā muscular e holo wikiwiki. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka wikiwiki o 16 km / h no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ke ahonui a me ka wikiwiki ke kōkua i nā ʻīlio ʻaʻole wale i ka huki, akā ua hana pū i nā ʻano lōʻihi.
ʻOiai ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka nohona o ka ʻīlio, ua helu ʻia kēia mau holoholona me nā holoholona lime i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā hanana lele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻimi kaʻai i nā meaʻai i nā holoholona e holo lōʻihi i kahi noho mau ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke lohi i nā lā lōʻihi i nā wahi o ka make me nā holoholona hihiu, kokoke i kahi o nā ihu, nā ʻāina nui. Aia nā mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i uhi ʻia e nā kāne a me nā ʻohana āpau kahi mamao loa mai ka 50 a 100 km, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi hou no lākou.
Leo leo Jackal
Ua lōʻihi ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Jackals no kā lākou aue ʻana - he uʻi hāmama kūikawā e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka uwē ʻana o kahi keiki. ʻO kēia kahi ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī e hoʻomaka me nā kani liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa e 2000 i ke ana i kahi staccato kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kiʻi, ʻo ke kūweʻe o ka ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kāhea, he kāhea i ka ʻimi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki ke lohe ʻia i ke ahiahi, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā holoholona e huli a kāhea i kēlā me kēia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo kēia kanaka ponoʻī i kona leo kūikawā, no laila ke hoʻohana nei i nā papahana kūikawā hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i ka helu o nā holoholona hoʻopiʻi. Hoʻokani nui nā Jackals i ka wā o ka rut. I kēia wā manawa, hiki ke lohe ʻia nā ʻikepili o nā ʻīlio i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Noho kino ka ʻōlima no kekahi manawa pōkole ke nānā ʻana i ka wā e nānā ai nā keiki. Ma ke alo o nā poʻe predator i pōʻino no nā ʻīlio, hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi kani kūikawā e ʻokoʻa ana i ka ʻano o ka jackal howl. Me kāna kōkua, hoʻolaha lākou i nā hoahānau pili e pili ana i ka pilikia.
ʻO ke kūlike o kahi hui kuʻina o ka ʻohana canine. Nui nā ʻano like o kēia holoholona. I Lūkini he jackal maʻamau. ʻO ka inoa ʻelua o kēia holoholona, ʻo ia ka wili gula, i hāʻawi ʻia e nā Roma kahiko. ʻO ka uku kālā, kapa ʻīlio no kēia ʻano holoholona. ʻElua mau ʻōlelo hoʻohalike o ke kālani maʻamau: ʻo ka mea mua, he ʻeleʻele, i ola ka Hema ʻEulopa a me ke Kaiaulu, ʻo nā lua ʻāpana me ke kala ʻulaʻula e like me ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao kahaha o ka pae, e pili ana iā India a me Central Asia. ʻO nā koena i koe, e like me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻAitiopa, ke kālai ʻia, ua loaʻa ma ʻApelika.
Hāʻawi ʻO Jackal a me Habitat
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻīlio kona noho liʻiliʻi. He kanaka noho ka ʻona ma ka Hema a me Central ʻAmelika. Hiki ke loaʻa i ke kapa ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, a me kona kahakai. Noho ka ʻīlio Aitiope ma ʻelua mau ʻāpana ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAitiopa, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ʻAiwi ʻAiwi. He mea maʻamau ka jackal i India, hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi āpau i South, Central a me Asia Minor, i nā ʻāina o ka kokoke a me Middle East.
I ke waenakonu o ka makahiki hope, ua noho nā ʻīlio ma ʻEulopa ma Balkans wale nō, a ʻo ka Caucasus ka noho ʻana o ka mea hoʻonani ma Rusia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kahakai o ke Kai Kūleʻa a me Caspian. I nā makahiki 50, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho ʻana o nā ʻīlio ma mua o Novorossiysk. Akā no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano holoholona e nā mea maʻamau a me ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o kāna pāhaka, i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hapa ʻāpana o ka Europa. I nā makahiki 80 o ke kenekulia hope, hele maila nā ʻīlio ma Hungary, ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika, Romania, Makedonia, Czech Republic, a me Slowakia: ʻoiai mai ka makahiki 1997, hoʻokahi kanaka i loaʻa mua ma Ukraine. Mai ia manawa, hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou wahi a a hiki i kēia manawa ke loaʻa i ka mea predator i kekahi mau wahi o Ukraine, ma Transnistria, Moldova, i ka makahiki 2011 ʻike mua ʻia nā ʻīlio mua ma Belarus.
Inā loaʻa ma mua o Lūkia nā iile a puni i kekahi mau wahi o ka Caucasus, i kēia lā ua laha aku kēia mau holoholona ma ka hapa nui o Ciscaucasia. Ma keʻano kūikawā, he nui o lākou i ka Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia, Rostov a me Astrakhan, Kalmykia. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻīlio ma nā panalāʻau hou, a e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻākau. Aia ma kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike mua ana kēia mau holoholona i ka moku Rostov i nā 80s o ka kenekulia XX. Akā e like me nā nānā ʻana o nā mea hopu, ua lilo kēia mea predator i lilo i ʻano kuʻuna o nā manu o ka ʻāina mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2000s. Mai ia manawa, ua mahuahua loa kona helu. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona i ka Don Delta a i loko o ka lāʻau kuʻuna i ka muliwai. Manychch. Akā hiki i kēia holoholona hihiu ke noho i loko o nā wahi noho maloʻo, ʻo ka mea, he omnivorous, no laila hiki i kahi kolohe maʻamau ke hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano ola.
He aha kā ka ʻīlio ʻai?
ʻO ka noho mua ka ʻīlio me kahi mea wī, a ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka hares, rodents, hedgehog, manu. Ma ka lilo ʻana i kahu mua papa, hoʻomalu ʻo ia i luna a hopu i nā mea āpau a pau wale wale nō i kona mana: e lele ʻo ia i loko o ke kuahiwi a uhi ʻia i ka kiʻowai a manu hihiu paha, e lawaiʻa ʻo ia a hopu i ka iʻa i ka wai pāpū, a e kīlū paha i kahi manu a hopu iā ia ma ka puʻu. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻīlio ke hopu i nā kīlaha, nāheu, nā bako, hopu i nā mea ʻino ma luna o ka lele, ʻai i nā huahele, nā termites a me nā snails, e loaʻa i nā voles i hūnā ʻia i nā lua, a hoʻouka i ka wai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke huli i muskrat a me nutria, me nā pato a i ʻole hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo geese i loko o nā loko.
Loaʻa pinepine pinepine i kahi mea kime e loaʻa ʻole i ka meaʻai, ke holo mālie a holo a puni kāna pūnaewele, sniffing a me ka huli ʻana i ka mea pio. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi koholā ke hoʻohilahila i make, luring i ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Hōʻike like ia i nā ʻīlio hui pū ʻana i nā hui. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā kāʻei maalea: ke kāʻei nei lākou i ka mea e hiki mai ana mai nā kihi like ʻole a, ma hope o kekahi o nā ʻīlio hihiu e hopohopo i ka mea i pio, ʻo ka lua e hopu iā ia. No laila ka mālama ʻana o nā ʻīlio i ka hue i ka wai a me nā holoholona e alakaʻi ana i ka nohona wai. ʻO ka hui ʻana i nā hipa, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona nona 4-5 ka wā ke kaupaona nei iā lākou iho. ʻOiai he mea ʻōpio, e koho pinepine lākou i nā puʻupaʻa kahiko a nawaliwali paha.
ʻO kekahi ala e hānai ai i kēia holoholona no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koena o ka meaʻai i loaʻa i nā mea pōkole ʻē aʻe. No laila, ua mālama ka dexterous jackal i ka leʻaleʻa i ka hūnā huna, nā alopeke, nā lynx a me nā liona hoʻi. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki i kēia holoholona ke hānai i ka make, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻo cadaveric iā ia. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā Jackals i nā hale ʻāina, kahi kanu kanu holoholona, kahi e ʻai ai lākou i ka papahele ʻai. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu pū i nā holoholona, e hōʻeha i ka home nui. Ka ʻumiʻumi ʻana o nā ʻīlio Sassy i nā waika o nā ʻōpala e loaʻa i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kaona.
ʻAno nā jackals a hiki ke ʻai i nā hua waina, nā hua me nā ʻalū. I ka pūnāwai, ʻeli lākou i ka rhizomes a me nā punawai o nā mea kanu. Ua ulu kēia mau holoholona i mau melons, a hao i ka waiwai kūpono o nā melons a me nā wai meli, e kipa aku i nā māla a me nā ʻalā, kahi a lākou i huki ʻia ai nā hua momona a me nā huaʻai, a me nā mea kanu huaʻai: kamato, kukama, etc. Pono ka jackal, e like me nā mea wīwī, e koi i ka nui o ka wai, no laila pinepine, ʻoiai naʻe ʻaʻole mau, kokoke i nā kino wai. Inā maloʻo nā punawai wai kokoke loa iā ia, ʻimi ʻo ia i ʻoka nā wai e hoʻohāinu ma ke ʻano o ka wai.
Nā Piʻeha a me nā ʻenemi
ʻO kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi a nāwaliwali paha ka laha, no laila kekahi holoholona o ka nui a i ʻole ka nui a lilo i ʻenemi. Eia nō naʻe, lanakila pinepine ka liona ma muli o ka makaʻala, ka instinct kū loa, kahi ʻike maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolohe. Hiki iā ia ke ola i nā wahi āpau. Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻīlio ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻīlio. ʻIke ʻo Hunters kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻīlio. Ma India, ʻae ʻia nā ʻīlio e nā mea make a me nā mea hani ʻula. Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke hoʻouka i nā ʻīlio kokoke i nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale. ʻO nā mea hui a nā ʻīlio ke kīwī i nā ʻīlio, kahi ʻīlio raccoon, ka pihi iʻa, a me ka puaʻa.
ʻO ka weliweli no nā ʻīlio maʻi he maʻi. Hiki ke maʻi ʻia kēia mau holoholona me ka rabies, ke ahulau, ua maʻi pinepine ʻia lākou me nā helminths, ticks, fleas. Hoʻopilikia nā Jackals i ka nele i ka meaʻai i ka māla maloʻo. ʻO kahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi iā lākou he ahi, e uhi ana i nā māla, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau holoholona a me kā lākou pipi.
Hānau a hua keiki o nā ʻīlio
Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wahine i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne e pono ai ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki. He holoholona monogamous nā Jackals a hana i nā kāne no ke ola. ʻO ka pinepine, ulu ka ʻalā i kāna hua i loko o nā lua i ʻoka me ia iho, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka lua i loko o ke ana, kahi puʻu lāʻau, nā lāʻau o ka ʻohe, a me ka ʻūhū. Pōʻele ka maʻamau o ka lua - a ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi, he pākana maʻalahi a ʻaʻole nona nā lālā. Heleʻo Laz e pili ana i kahi mita hohonu. Aia ka puka o ka puka ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopiʻi, e piʻi aʻe hoʻi i luna o ka makana i puni.
Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana moʻi i nā ʻīlio mai ka hopena o Ianuali a me Malaki. I ka wa o ka rut, uwē nui nā ʻīlio. Hoʻomaka ka mālama hake 60 mau lā a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pēpē ma waena o ka wā o ka Malaki a me Mei. Hiki i ka nui o nā pēpē i hiki aku i ka ʻewalu, akā ʻoi loa ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē 4-5. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē, ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau maka ma ka lā 10-15. A laila wehe ka waʻa auditory o nā cubs.
ʻAʻohe! Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kuʻikahi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka lua a me ka hānai keiki. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs, lawe lākou i ka meaʻai i ka wahine hānai, a laila i nā pēpē. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio mai ka ʻōpala o mua, ka mea e noho kokoke a hiki i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou iho ponoʻī, e hāʻawi pū i ka meaʻai i ka lua. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kōkua no ke ola o nā pēpē. Mahalo i ka mālama like ʻana no nā hua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio ke noho nei i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
Holo ka male ʻana a hiki i ʻekolu mau mahina. I nā 2-3 mau wiki mua, hānai ka wahine i nā keiki ʻōpio wale nō me ka waiū, akā ma hope e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hānai iā lākou i ka ʻai hou a i ʻimi ʻole paha i ka meaʻai. I nā keiki he 2-2.5 mau mahina, ua haʻalele ka ʻohana i ka lua a alakaʻi i kahi ola kaʻahele.
ʻO ke kūlana a me ka waiwai lawaiʻa
Aia i ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana hiʻona, he mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā holoholona i ʻekolu mau papa. Aia ʻo Jackal i ke kolu o ke kāʻei - ʻo ka mea hope loa. Hoʻolaha wale, ʻoi aku ka helu a me ka helu ʻona o ka hopu. Ua paʻakikī a loloa kona hulu, a ʻo ka undercoat, ʻoiai ua pāpaʻa ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻīlio. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia he mea ia no ka hoʻonaninani. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu ka makemake i ka hana jackal mai ka hui hulu. No nā mea kūlohelohe, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana no nā huahana hulu manu - nā pāpale a me nā kapa hulu paha, nā kāmaʻa. No ka laʻana, hāʻawi nā mea hana i nā hāmeʻe i hana ʻia me nā hulu jackal i mea kū hoʻokahi a he huahana kūleʻa. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu hipa i manaʻo nui ʻia e like me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke ʻano o ia i nā ʻano aniani ākea: mai ka pala, kīwī a ʻulaʻula a i kona nāʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke gula-gula.
Eia naʻe, ʻimi pinepine ka līlī a ʻaʻole no ka hulu. He mea hoʻohui nui kēia holoholona holoholona a me nā ola. Ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā ʻīlio i hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻelele o nā manu (hares, manu manu, manu) e like me ka mea e ʻai ai ka mea ʻōpiopio i nā holoholona ʻōpala a me nā wahie manuahi manu. I ka huli ʻana o nā holoholona ʻai maikaʻi hiki ke komo i nā wahi noho a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā holoholona home. No laila, i mea e pale ai i ka nui o ka ʻīlio, i hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ka hopu manu no kēia mau holoholona. Hoʻolimalima nā Bonus no ka pana ʻana i nā ʻīlio, eia naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o kēia mau poʻe predator.
Holoi Jackal
No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o ka pono lawaiʻa o ka ʻīlio, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka huluhulu no nā kumu ʻē aʻe. I ka nui nui, hiki i kēia holoholona holoholona i hoʻemi nui i ka nui o nā hares, nā pheasants a me nā mea noho ʻēa o ka fauna. E hoʻoponopono i ka helu o nā ʻīlio hihiu a lākou i hōʻike i ka hopu. I kēia lā, no kā lākou kiʻi ʻana i nā wahi i hōʻea ai ka nui o nā holoholona i piʻi i nā pae koʻikoʻi, uku ʻia nā mea hopu. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hāʻawi kēia mau mea i ka kaohi o ka holoholona o kēia mau holoholona.
Nui nā ala e ʻimi ai i nā ʻīlio. ʻO ke koho pono koho e pili pono ana i nā mea i makemake ʻia e ka maka. Hiki ke noho ʻia nā ʻīlio ma ka noho ʻana ma ke alaka ʻana, ka hoe i waena o nā ʻōpū i ke ala, a holo ka ʻīlio. ʻO kahi koho maʻamau no ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻīlio, ʻo ka huki holoholona. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i ka holoholona me ke kōkua o ka decoy. Hāʻawi kēia ʻōnaehana iā ʻoe e hoʻohālike i ka uwē ʻana o ka hare ʻeha, kahi i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai i kahi kai. Akā i ka hana, maʻalahi kēia ʻano o ka hopu holoholona, a koi aku i kekahi akamai, no laila mea hoʻohana pinepine ia.
Hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i ka ʻīlio ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pahele. Ua ʻae ʻia kēia ʻano lawaiʻa e hoʻoponopono i ka helu o kēia mea nāna i koho, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahele hopu puʻu wāwae. Akā ʻo kēia ala o ka hopu manu ʻana he mau palena: ʻo ka hau a me ka hau e manaʻo ʻia ana nā kūlana maikaʻi no ia, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine i ka hapanui o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻīlio. Aia no ka mea kūpono no kēia ʻano holoholona hihiu, ua papa ʻia ia ma ke kānāwai. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana me ka hana ʻana i ka pō a me nā kiʻi nānā wela, ʻoiai me ka manaʻo e kāohi i ka helu o nā ʻīlio. ʻO ka hōʻeha i ke kānāwai ka pili o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uila decoys, ka luku ʻana i nā pā me nā broods a me ka lawe ʻana aku i nā ʻīlio ma kahi kūlana ʻole ʻole, i ka wā o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, i ka wā e hele ana i kahi holoholona ma o nā pilikia wai a ma nā kūlana like ʻole.
Nā ʻōkuhi noiʻi Jackal
ʻO ke ʻano kolamu o ke kāla ʻīlio he kūpaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke pana i ka helu o ka poʻe hoʻokahi, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana steppe. Hōʻalo ʻia nā ʻīlio pana i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa loea ʻole me ka mālama i nā ʻano pāʻani like ʻole mai nā thickets ma ka laina o ka poʻe hahai. I ka hapanui o nā maʻi, alakaʻi ʻia ka ʻīlio ʻana me ka ʻīlio. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka noho o nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio, ka māka lawaiʻa nui, he mau keʻa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puaʻa, kahi e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai kēia holoholona hihiu. ʻ recommendlelo aku nā poʻe Hunters i ka pana ʻana i kahi pū kūpono i ka pua, no ka mea, i loko o ka ʻoheu ʻoi ka nui o ka pua ʻana. No ke pana aku i kahi ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i nā pahu kāwili me nā buckshot liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻokele nei i kahi kahu holoʻokoʻa no nā ʻīlio, nā alopeke a me nā ʻīlio raccoon, makemake kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa i kahi hapa nui - No. 0000 a i ʻole 000.
ʻO ke ala ʻelua e kiʻi ai i kahi ʻīlio, ka mea e hoʻohana pinepine ai no ka lawaiʻa ʻana iā ia iho, ʻo ka hana manu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ma kahi wahi ākea e kokoke ana i nā noho o ka holoholona, hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi mauʻu mai nā wahi meaʻai a nā huahana e hiki ai ke huki i kahi holoholona. A laila hoʻonohonoho ka mea lawaiʻa i kahi hoʻohālua ma kahi mamao o ka mea pana mai kahi mea kaua rifled (maʻamauʻo 60-120 mau mika). Mahalo nui i kahi hale ʻāina nui ʻē paha. Noho a puni ʻoi ʻia ʻo "privadas" kahi nui o nā ʻīlio i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole pilikia ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi holoholona i hopu ʻia e ka mea maʻalahi. Akā, ʻaʻole nui e like me ia mau wahi, no laila e pili pono ana ka mana kikoʻī.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hopu kanaka i kāna mau mea huna e hopu i nā ʻīlio huna. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia he maunu no ka palu, nā ʻāpana o ka palaka a i ʻole ai paha, nā huahana semi-hoʻopau i nā hua, me ka manu ʻole. Hoʻohana kekahi poʻe lawena bait i ke koko, viscera, nā ʻili holoholona, ʻokiʻoki o ka iʻa stale, brine herring a i ʻole nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe e lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he maunu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāina a kahi ʻē aʻe o nā ʻīlio, a nui ka holoholona e pono ai ma kahi o ka pō e hele a puni ka ʻāina. No laila, i ka hana o nā pale, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā lākou ma kahi o kahi hoʻokahi. Kuhi ʻia kahi hoʻolālā kūpono o ka 3-4 privet i noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā e momona ana kekahi mau mea lawaiʻa me nā makemake.
Holoi ʻia i ka ʻīlio huna huna e pili ana i ka nui o nā pilikia. He holoholona akamai a nani ka Jackal me ke ʻano nani, no laila kīhai ʻia he mea maʻalahi ʻole ka Jackal. Hōʻike ka poʻe hahai manu i ke ala i hele ʻole ʻia e ka holoholona. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waho o kahi lāʻau. ʻO nā lōlio, e like me ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻole hele pololei i ka maunu: e hele ana lākou i nā pōloli, sniff, mālama nui. Inā hele ʻole ka haki manu ma kahi lāʻau, a laila ʻole ka ʻike o ka mea predator iā ia, me ka mea o ka ʻula nui ʻana. Eia nō naʻe ma kēia hihia, pono e mālama nui ʻia i ka holoholona ʻaʻole e honi ka ʻona a pili pono i ka hale waihona. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hana manuahi e hoʻohana camouflage.
Pono e hānai ʻia ʻaʻole ua hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻīlio, ke kuhi ʻia nei i kēlā me ke kuʻi. I ka manawa aʻe, ma mua o ke kiʻi ʻana i ka hale waihona, ua nānā paʻa ʻo ia i nā lāʻau. ʻO ka pilikia ʻē aʻe ka hele ʻana o ka ʻīlio ma hope o ka pōʻino. A ʻo ka huki ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea pōkole ʻo ka po, e paʻakikī loa ia e pana i kahi ʻīlio. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka lā ke hoʻolilo i kahi pana pōkole i ka pōʻeleʻele wale nō i ka uhi ʻia o ka ʻāina me ka hau, ʻaʻole i hele pinepine i loko o ka hale o nā ʻīlio.
I nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua kū nei ka manawa paʻa o ka nohona o ka jackal i ka ʻākau, no laila, ʻo ka huluhulu holoholona no nā kaulana. Pono pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka helu o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ka mea hiki i ka mea kuhi ke hiki ke hōʻeha i ka waiwai nui i ka ʻoihana holoholona.