Palapala Latin: | Juncidis Cisticola |
Pelekane Pelekane: | Pēlā hoʻoiho ʻoki manu |
Kaulana: | Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana |
Ohana: | Slavic (Sylviidae) |
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino, cm: | 10 |
ʻĀwela, cm: | 12–14,5 |
Kaumaha kino, g: | 7–13 |
Nā hiʻohiʻona: | ʻano ʻākau, ke lele lele, ka leo, ke ʻano ʻōpū |
Ikaika, miliona mau hoa: | 1,2–10 |
Pūnaewele kiaʻi: | BERNA 2, BONN 2 |
Hoʻopau: | ʻO ka ʻike Mediterranean |
He manu liʻiliʻi uʻi me ke ʻano lapuwelu, me kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ka luna o luna a me ke poʻo i uhi ʻia i nā corish brownish, monotonously keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao, ka ʻōpū a me ke kua i lalo ke kūmole i ka kala. ʻO ka hiʻu he pokole a laulā, me nā ʻano ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka beak, lōʻihi ka pā, e like me ka wren. Kūleʻa ka pale, pale nā pepeiao a paʻa pono. ʻAʻohe kahi dimorphism moe wahine.
Kālā. ^ E Ha yM. He maʻalahi a nānā paha ka nānā, i kekahi manawa migratory. Ma kahi o 18 subspecies i loaʻa ma Eurasia, ʻApelika, Indonesia a me Australia. ʻAʻole e hele ka laulā nui o ʻEulopa ma ka ʻākau ma mua o 47 ° ka palena kahiki. ʻO ka helu o nā manu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Italia he 100-300 tausani kāne. Hoʻololi ka nui o nā ʻōhua ʻākau i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻaiho. ^ E Ha yM. Noho ka noho ʻana o nā wahi i ka ʻāina me nā lau nahele nui, ka nui o nā ʻūhā nui, nā wahi noho ʻole, nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano kūlohelohe: ʻano pālala, palaoa, nā nahele.
Biology. ^ E Ha yM. Nā koʻeʻe ma ka mauʻu a i lalo paha o ka ulu lāʻau. Hana ia i kahi pale kupaianaha i ke ʻano o ke kāwele pīpī, me ka puka ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka hanu, ulana ka kāne i nā kumu a me nā lau e ulu kokoke ana, a me nā laina wahine i ka pūnana mai loko mai o nā lau me nā lauoho a me nā maloʻo. Mai ka hopena o Malaki, e waiho ana i 4-6 hua o ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha i loko o ka speckle a i ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka wahine no ka hapa nui, 12-13 mau lā. Holo nā manu iā 14-15 mau lā ma hope o ka hatch. I kēlā me kēia makahiki he 2-3 masonry. Ua paʻakikī i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka manu noho, akā i ka lele e hoʻopuka nei i kahi mele ʻano, me ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i nā leo hoʻoliʻiliʻi a me nā leo nui. ʻO ka lele o kēia mokulele ma luna o ka moku mokulele he mau e kū nei a hāʻule mau "hāʻule". ʻO nā mea ʻai nā pepona a me nā larvae, nā mea nona ka cysticola i waena o nā mea kanu a i ʻole ka lepo.
Nā hōʻailona kūʻaha o ke cysticola gula
ʻO ka cysticola gula he manu liʻiliʻi me ka lōʻihi wale nō o 10,5 cm, nā ʻēheu he 12 - 14.5 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana ma ka 7-13 gram. ʻO ke kala o kahi kala ʻulaʻula.
Foxtail cysticola (Сisticola juncidis).
Kahi ʻia ke poʻo a me ke kino o luna me nā peka brownish mottled. ʻO ka lalo ma kahi kukuna keʻokeʻo. Ke ʻaukaha, nā ʻaoʻao a i lalo hoʻi i nā leo buffy.
Ma nā hōʻailona o waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me ka wahine.
ʻO ka hiʻu he pōkole a pālahalaha loa, mai lalo a uhi ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo o ka keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele ma ka lalo. Beak beak curved, like a wren. ʻAberu nā pale ma nā puʻuwai ikaika a paʻa.
Ke Kaawale o ka Golden Cysticola
ʻO ka cysticola gula, ma muli o ka noho, ka mea maʻalahi a ʻalowale, i kekahi mau ʻāina ua lele. Ma Eurasia, Indonesia, Australia, ʻAmelika, kahi kokoke he 18 mau subspecies. Aia ka laulā nui o ʻEulopa ma ka ʻākau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 47 ° ʻākau kahiki. ʻO ka helu o nā ʻōiwi ʻehā o ka cysticola gula i hilinaʻi i nā kūlana climatic.
ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka cysticola gula i hōʻemi ʻia i ka hoʻoilo.
Hōʻailona Uʻiʻai Piha
Noho ka honua cysticola i nā wahi i nā ʻāina i nā kahe me ka uhi o ka mauʻu, nā wīwī, nui nā pulu ʻōpū, nā ʻano o nā ʻano moʻomeheu like ʻole: ka palaoa a me ka palaoa, nā ʻano nahele. Hōʻailona nā manu i kā lākou wahi i ka wā lōʻihi. He manu manu honu ia nā cysticola gula a hūnā ʻia i loko o nā mānoanoa mānoanoa, koe wale nō ka manawa hana, a he paʻakikī hoʻi ka ʻike ma ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.
Ke kīleʻomaʻo gula cysticola
Hoʻomaʻa ka cysticola gula i nā mea iniseti like ʻole a me nā hua ʻino, nā ʻio a me nā invertebrates, nā manu i loaʻa i nā mea kanu a ma ka ʻāina.
Hoʻokomo nā cysticols gula i ko lākou wahi i kahi manawa lōʻihi.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka cysticola gula
Akā iā ia i ka lele, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi mele mele kupaianaha, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā leo kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī.
ʻO nā pepeke a me nā ʻalā he mau cysticola mau māla.
Nā honu gula cysticola ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole ka mauʻu mauʻu. Ua like kona pūnana me kahi ʻeke a pulu paha. Aia ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ma luna. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nīhou ma waena o nā māla o nā mauʻu. Kūkulu ke kāne i kahi hoʻolālā mai nā lau a me nā kumu, nā mea kanu mea kanu, a me ka wahine i hoʻonohonoho i ka moʻo o ka pūnana me nā kumu maloʻo a me nā lauoho.
I ka hopena o Malaki, ua ʻike ʻia kahi huina o nā hua he 4-6 i loko o ka pūnana, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻalā a i ʻole a ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo me ka ʻole o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻomoe ka wā inkubation i 12-13 lā. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā hua he wahine. Nā helehelena ʻōle e ʻike nei: he kapa a he makapō.
Mālama wale ka wahine i nā hua wale no 13-15 mau lā, a laila lele nā manu i waho o ka pūnana. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine nā kōpolohua gula i nā pipi he 2-3 i ka makahiki, ʻo ia ke kau nei i nā kūlana o ka wā.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka cysticol gula i waena o ka mauʻu maloʻo.
ʻO ka helu o nā cysticola gula
ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka honua cysticola gula. I ʻEulopa, mai 230,000 a 1,100,000 mau paikikala e ola. Ke ulu nui nei ka nui o nā manu, no laila ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka paepae no nā maʻi palupalu. ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻano manuahi ʻo Golden Cysticola i loiloi ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka nui. Wahi a nā kānalua, paʻa ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ʻEulopa.
ʻO ke kūlana palekana o ka cysticola gula
Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei ke gula cysticole ma ka Bonn Convention (Apepopo II) a me ka Berne Convention (ʻApilix II), he ʻano mea e pono ai ka pale a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ka pae honua. ʻAʻole ʻo ka manu wale nō e pale ʻia, akā ʻo ka pilikino kūlohelohe.
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