Turpan (Melanitta fusca) - ka duck pālio nui: ke kaupaona ʻana kona kino 1,1-1.9 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 51-58 cm, nā ʻēheu 90-100 cm. ʻO ke kāne i ka lole hana moe he plumage-ʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ka puhaka me kahi wahi ʻulaʻula, ʻāwili i ka nā kahua. ʻAno ke keʻokeʻo nā maka o ka turpan, a ma lalo o lākou he mau aniani ʻike maka liʻiliʻi semicircular keʻokeʻo, ʻo nā wāwae he ʻulaʻula, me nā membranes ʻeleʻele. Ka ʻeleʻele ka wahine, ma ka pāpālina he mau ʻaleloke ʻulaʻula, ʻelua lākou i nā wahine ʻokoʻa a like ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole, nā kāʻei a me nā kukui (ʻo kekahi e hele wale ana paha), he pākole a ʻulaʻulaʻula paha ka wāwae, ka ʻulaʻula nā maka, pōpoki ka hina. ʻO nā kīwī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e loaʻa i ke aniani keʻokeʻo a me ka wahine.

ʻO Habitat a me ke ʻano

Kahiia kiriki ma ke kolu o ka taiga akau a me tundra hema o Europa, na Urals a me Siberia, a hiki aku i ka nahele Ural-steppe a me ka alaina. Ma ka ʻĀkau kūkulu ʻākau a me nā mānoi ala nahele kokoke i ke Yenisei, he mea maʻamau kēia mau ʻano. ʻO Turpan kekahi manu manuahi lele, ʻo ia kona mau ʻāina hoʻoilo ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻEulopa, mai Norway a me Baltic kūkulu hema a Sepania. Heʻuʻuku hipa e lele ana i ka hema a me ke kau hoʻoilo ma Caspian a me ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu kūlima makahiki e kū nei no ke kauwela ma ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka ʻo Turpan ma ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka makahiki kiʻekiʻe e ʻike ʻia no nā makahiki he 13.

ʻAno hānau

Nānā ʻia ka hui ma Turpan, kahi e hui nui ai nā kāne a puni i kekahi mau wahine. ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka moʻo, ka lawaiʻa o nā kāne i ka wai, i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai lākou i ka wahine i lalo o ka wai. Mālama nā kāne male i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā wahi a puni ka pili. Nā lawena Turpan ma nā loko. Hiki ke ʻike i kā lākou mau puʻu ma kahi kokoke i ka wai a mamao loa ia, i ka mauʻu, i waena o nā kumukia i ka tundra, i nā kumu lāʻau, i nā nahele liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ma lalo o kahi kumulāʻau. Mālama ʻia ka pūnana me ka mauʻu maloʻo me ka nui o ka pōkā poni ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua he 5-8 (a 12). ʻĀniu ko lākou kala mai ke aniani kaomi a hiki i ke brownish-yellowish. Hoʻopili nā wahine i nā hua 27-28 mau lā. Ma hope o 1-2 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hoʻohuihui, lele nā ​​kāne i ka molt. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou lele lele ʻana i ke komohana - a hiki i ke kai Baltic a me ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika. ʻO kekahi mau linger a waiho mau i molting ma ka wahi i loaʻa a i ʻole i nā loko i ke kūkulu hema o Western Siberia. Nui nā manu ʻōpio i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i laila. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo Turpan i nā hua kuʻina, ke hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke alakaʻi iā ia a me nā hua ʻē aʻe.

Ke noho maʻamau.

Ka mea noho o ka tundra, nā nahele-tundra a me nā ʻona taiga, ma waho o ke kaʻina hūnā, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kai a i ka loko ākea. Laulā. Pili liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā moʻomeheu ma nā wāwae heʻe ma ke kahawai tundra, nā nahele a me nā loko o nā kuahiwi me nā ʻāpana a me nā aniani pono.

Nui kahi pā i pā nahele nui, ma waena o nā pōkaʻi, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau, ma kahi kokoke i ka wai, akā aia kekahi manawa i kahi mamao mai ke kahakai, he nui ka lihi o ka manu. ʻO Clutch mai ka wa Ike o Iune, ʻo ia ka 6-10 nui o nā hua lahilahi keʻokeʻo. E akahele loa.

ʻAe nā manu hānai holoholona ʻole i kā lākou hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā holoholona e hānai ana a moe i ka pō ma luna o ka wai, aneane ʻaʻole kokoke i nā kahakai. Piʻi nui ʻo ia a kahe mai ka wai, lele kahe, akā ʻo ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ia e lele i ka pōpilikia, i ka nalo nui.

I ka wā e hānai ai, mālama pū ka nui a ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka nūnaka i ka manawa lōʻihi. He leo 'oluhea, he hoea croak o "kraa-kraa-kra". Mālama ia i nā mollusks, nā kolo o nā mea ʻai aku, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi e ʻai nui i nā lau a me nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu.

Liʻiliʻi ka waiwai lawaiʻa. Lē ka ʻokoʻa ma ke alo ʻākoʻi a me ke "keʻena" keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻōpū ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, nā papale ʻulaʻula, mai nā turpan variegated i ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka lae a me ke kua o ke poʻo, a me ke kāne i ka “aʻi” keʻokeʻo.

Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana

ʻO ka noho kai ʻo Turpan, ʻo ia ke ka nahele i ka wai wai wai wai a me nā wai kahe. ʻO ka tundra Arctic, nā ʻuʻu alpine me nā pōhaku nui, nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu grassy, ​​nā mea kanu a me nā kumu haʻahaʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, hōʻuluʻulu nā manu i ka ʻohana i loko o ka wai pāpū ma nā wai kahakai. I ka hele ʻana o ka neʻe, hele pinepine lākou i nā wai wai wai a me nā mea ulu. E neʻe ma ka pā hoʻokahi a i nā hui liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hui pū lākou me nā ʻohana.

ʻO ka papa ʻai, nā mollusks, crustaceans, worm, echinoderms, iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke a me kā lākou pulima. Hoʻomau ʻia nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia mau lau, ʻupena, nā hua kanu. ʻO ka laweʻana i ka meaʻai i ka wai, hiki i nā turpans ke iho i kahi hohonu o 30-40 mika. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka 2 mau minuke. I ka wā hana o ka noho ʻana, hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā nests ma hope o nā kolamu a me nā kolone tern.

Helu

Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka palupalu. Ua mālama ʻia ka heluna nui o 35% no nā hanauna he 3 i hala. Ma mua, ua ʻike wikiwiki ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka heluna kanaka, akā, lohi ka wikiwiki. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā kumu no ke kahe ʻana o nā helu. Ke hopena o nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ma 2007-2009, ua helu ʻia ka huina o kēia mau manu. Ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi o 450 tausani kanaka. Akā no ke noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hāʻule hou aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma 370 tausani kanaka.