ʻO Kaluga, e like me kona hoahānau, ʻo beluga, kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui a me ka haʻaheo hoʻi o Rūsia. ʻO kona wahi noho wale nō ka puna wai o ka muliwai ʻo Amur a me kāna mau kaona - Sungari, Argun, Shilka a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻEhā mau lālani o nā iwi o ka iwi i hala ma ke kino o Kaluga, ma kēlā me kēia he kēpau, kau ʻia ma ka hopena me kahi kikoʻī. ʻO kēia iʻa i ka ʻili nā maka ākea, i paʻi ʻia ma ka polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ke kua, ma ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā meles i nā wahine i ka nui a i ke kala paha.
He ʻai paʻa ʻia ʻo Kaluga, a, e like me nā ʻelele a pau o kēia ʻohana, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona predatory.
ʻAi ʻo ia i nā ʻano o nā iʻa he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka salmon pink, chum salmon, carp maʻamau, carp hiriwa a me ke gudgeon. Ke wehe ʻo kaluga i kona waha, ua like ʻo ia me ka paipa i kona helehelena. I ka piha loa o ka ʻōlelo, hoʻokō ʻo ia i kāna ʻai me ka wai, no laila e hāmama koke kona waha.
ʻAno ka makemake nui ʻia kēia iʻa: ʻo ka kaluga, he ʻekolu kūmole kona lōʻihi, hiki koke iā ia ke ale i ka salum chum a hoʻokahi mika, a hiki i kona ʻōpū ke hoʻokomo i nā iʻa ʻumi o kēia nui. Hāʻawi kēia mau gluttony i ka mea i ulu nui ka kaluga. I ka makahiki 10, ʻo kona ulu makahiki he 10 cm i ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kiʻi he 10 kg. Ke ulu nui nei nā poʻe kahiko i ka 3-6 cm i ka makahiki a lilo ʻo 20 kg kaumaha i ka kaumaha. Noho kēia mau iʻa i kahi lōʻihi - a he 80 mau makahiki. A ʻo nā centenarians paha e ulu a hiki i ka 5 mau mika me kahi paona no kahi ton.
Ua ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema poʻe ʻelua ʻano kaluga - ua paʻa ia a ʻōlelo ʻia. E hele mau nā ʻelele o ka palapala mua no ka hele ʻana i ka muʻu, a kū mau nā ʻelele o ka lua i ke kahawai. Eia kekahi, noho ka lua o nā palapala i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Ua komo ʻo Kaluga i ka makahiki heʻumi ma ka hapaʻumi o ke ola, akā no ka manawa mua, hoʻomaka ka iʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻumikumamāhiku wale nō.
Kūpono kēia mau iʻa i ka hopena o ke kauwela - ke kauwela mua. I kēia manawa, koho ke wahine i kahi ma kahi kokoke i ka pebble spit me kahi o nā mea ikaika. I kekahi manawa hoʻolimalima ʻo ia mai ʻeono haneli tausani a ʻehā miliona hua. Ma muli o ke kolo, ka wahine, nalowale he hapakolu o kona paona, hoʻi hou ʻo ia i ka wai a iho i lalo. E hala mau makahiki he ʻelima.
Holo nā hua i ka pōhaku, ma kahi hebedoma ma hope o ka hatch hū iā lākou, kahi e hoʻomaka koke ai i ka wā hānau. ʻO nā mea nui a nā iniseti a me nā invertebrates i ʻai na lākou. I ka makahiki 2-3 mau mahina, loaʻa lākou i ka lōʻihi o 20-25 cm. Mai kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻoiai ʻo Kaluga ʻōpio ʻoi pū kekahi i nā mea hoʻohua, ʻo kā lākou iho o ke ʻano, a hiki ke lilo i ka ʻaina ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Kaluga kekahi o nā iʻa waiwai nui loa. Ua huki ʻia kāna hopu ʻana ma kahi nane i hiki i ke waenganui o ka iwakālua o ka iwakāluakūmāwili ʻana o kēia iʻa. Akā i nā hana kūpono i kūpono i nā manawa kūpono, no laila, ua hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i kona heluna. I kēia lā, paʻa loa ka hopu ʻana iā Kaluga, aia kahi mau wahi i pāpā ʻia ai i loko.
Kāleka
He hua kānāwai ʻo Kaluga mai ka ʻohana firmgeon. ʻO ia kahi ʻohana pili loa o ka beluga - ʻo nā ʻano nui iʻa nui loa. ʻO ka hapa nui loa mai nā wai wai wai, nā kaluga iʻa (kahi kiʻi kiʻi a me ka wehewehe wale nō e hōʻoia i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo) hiki ke lōʻihi o 6 m a kaupaona a hiki i 1200 kg. A kupaianaha ka ola o kēia ʻano, no ka mea, e like me ka mea kuhi o ka ichthyologists, aia ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki he nui.
Loaʻa i ke poʻo o ka iʻa kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Mai luna ua uhi ia i nā pale liʻiliʻi iwi. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino. Aia ma laila kahi ʻelima mau papa o nā papa ossified. Mākahi kēlā me kēia kiko kiʻekiʻe i kahi kihi. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele a i hope ke hina ke kua o ke kua. ʻO ka ʻili o kēia ʻelele o ka iʻa ua paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Huli a waha ka nui. Ma lalo iho nei nā antennae i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka iʻa a Kaluga, ke kiʻi ʻo ia ka ʻoi a me ka hōʻike. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ka momona. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei ka nui o nā mea hoʻōla.
Aia i hea ke kaluga noho?
ʻO ka iʻa kēia i loaʻa ma ka basur o Amur. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano wai kai ia, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi manawa kokoke i ke kapakai o ke kai o Okhotsk Kaluga. ʻO ka iʻa, kūikawā, loaʻa ʻo kāna poʻe ʻōpio, nā moku kokoke i nā mokupuni a me nā penina e like me:
He aha kā ka mea ʻai?
E like me nā firmgeons āpau, he mea i kau. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, mālama ka wai ʻaole Kaluga i nā mea invertebrate. A laila, ulu a ulu, hoʻomaka e ʻai i ka pīpī o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole. Makemake nā pākeke e ʻike i kā lākou papaʻai:
Ke hele nei kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā kula, a me ka wai i ke kanaka nui o Kaluga. ʻO ka iʻa, kaʻo ākea o kona waha, e pīpī me ka wai. E pīhoihoi ka ʻono momona: hiki i kahi kanaka ʻekolu mau mika keʻai koke i kahi salum chum lōʻihi mika 1-mika. Mālama kona ʻōpū i nā iʻa i kēia ʻano. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka kaluga ke hānai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ka ʻu, a me kāna mea ʻōpiopio.
ʻAno hānau
Ulu ia ma kahi wikiwiki wikiwiki loa: 10 cm lōʻihi, e loaʻa ana ke paona a hiki i 10 kg i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a pēlā a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. A laila e hoʻohui i ka 6 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka ulu, a hiki i 20 kg o Kaluga ma ke kaupaona. ʻO ka iʻa, inā wahine a male kāne paha, ʻano like ke ʻano like. Hele ʻo ia i ka moekolohe ma mua o 17 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ka pinepine o ka ulu ʻana i kēia mau iʻa i hele mai i ka 22 makahiki.
ʻO ka manawa kolo i Mei-Iulai. I kēia manawa, ʻike ka wahine i kahi kūpono no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu. ʻO kēia kahi kaui o ka pīpī me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki. Ma kēlā wahi, hoʻopōmaikaʻi kekahi wahine ʻo Kaluga mai 600 tausani hua. Ma ke ala, he uliuli kona caviar, a ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o nā hua ma ka ʻāpana he 4 mm. Ke hilinaʻi nei ʻo Fertility i ka nui o ka wahine. Ma hope o ka lōlō, ua nalo ke kaumaha ma kahi o ke kolu a iho i lalo o ka muliwai. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ʻia caviar e hiki mai ana i kāna mau makahiki ʻelima ma hope aʻe.
Kuhi ʻia nā hua ʻai i nā pōhaku, ma hope o 7 mau lā e pīkī mai ana iā lākou. Kokoke koke lākou e ʻai i nā huaola pepeke a me nā holoholona invertebrate. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mau mahina, e pili ana ʻo Kaluga i kahi mamao he 25 cm lōʻihi. Noho ka iʻa i kēia manawa e hānai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ia ʻo ia i lilo i meaʻai no kāna mau hoahānau kahiko.
He ʻano luhi liʻiliʻi loa ʻo Kaluga, no laila he moe aloha maoli ʻo ia ʻo kekahi kanaka lawaiʻa.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
Nui nā subspecies o ka iʻa — e hele ana, ʻoʻEuū a wikiwiki hoʻi. Koho kēia mau holoholona āpau no ka milo ʻana i Amur. Aia kekahi hale noho o Kaluga - he ala "ola" kahi o ke ola - e ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa - ʻaʻole i iho ka iʻa i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻo Amur, ʻaʻole ka neʻe ia ma kona kanawai.
Pehea e ola ai ʻo Kaluga
ʻO ka pākuʻi o nā wahine a me nā kāne ma Kaluga ʻaʻole i kū like i ka manawa like – nā kāne male 1-2 mau makahiki ma mua. ʻO ka iʻa ka "mākaukau" e hana hou i nā hua i ka makahiki 15-17 o ke ola, i hāʻawi ʻia a hiki i ka nui o 2m. ʻO ka manaʻo, hiki i ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka he 48-55 mau makahiki.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Hoike ʻike
ʻO ka kaluga ka nui, i hopu ʻia e ka iʻa, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 5 m 60 cm. Akā, ke ʻōlelo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema he hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hele i ka lōʻihi o 6 mau mika a kaupaona ʻoi aku he kiko.
He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kanaka, ma ia ʻano hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā poʻe kumuhana o kēia ʻano.
- He kino nui a kino ke kino, pohihihi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna a lalo. He mākau kala i ka waihoʻoluʻu me kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAe keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, kahi e like me ka beluga.
- Ua like ke poʻo me ka trapezoid, kahi e hoʻopau ai me ka snout-cone. ʻO kēia ʻano kuʻuna i kekahi ʻano maka like ka nānā ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi.
- Nui nui ka waha o ka Kaluga, hele liʻiliʻi ma luna o ke poʻo a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka snout kī.
- ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ʻole o ka waha ʻaʻole he niho.
- Aia ʻelua mau aniani i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ʻae i nā wahi nui o ka snout. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia papa, ke kū pololei ʻo Kaluga antennae. ʻAʻole hiki i nā iʻa ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā lākou no ka paʻakikī a me ka mānoanoa o kēlā
He mai nui kāna
ʻO ia kahi e kahe a ka poʻe lawaiʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o Kaluga a me Beluga. He ʻano like loa kēia poʻe, a he paʻakikī loa i kahi kanaka i ʻike ʻole i ka ʻike ʻole. Akā ma kahi o ka hoʻokolokolo pono ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kaʻina lau o nā lau lau i ka antennae o ka kaluga. I ka beluga ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou, no laila he mea hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēlā me kēia ʻelua.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke kaʻina iwi e hoʻopuni ana i nā ʻaoʻao o nā ʻano o ka paʻa i loko. I ke kaluga, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia lākou, a he liʻiliʻi ka mua o lākou. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻina iwi o ka beluga, a ʻo ka mua, aia ma kahi kokoke i ke poʻo, he nui ka nui e like me nā koena.
Ma kēia wikiō e aʻo hou ʻoe e pili ana i ka iʻa ʻo 10:
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano hana
Nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa a Kaluga, ʻoiai ua hālāwai lāua me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka honua, i ka paʻakai a me nā kino wai hou. I kēia manawa, noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano o kēia ʻano noho i ka basur Amur a me ka muʻu. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka iʻa i ka wai wai, aia nā hihia ke kiʻi ʻia i ka Moana o Okhotsk. Mālama ʻia nā kānaka a pau, a paʻa ʻole ko lākou hopu.
Loaʻa i nā ʻano ola o kekahi kanaka ʻelua mau ʻano: semi-aisle a me nā noho, kahi ʻokoʻa iki mai kekahi i kekahi
- He lua lua ka inoa o ka semi-aisle, no ka mea i ka wā i hōʻolo ʻia ai ka iʻa me ka kahawai, a ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻano ka wikiwiki.
- Loaʻa i ka mea noho a i ka muliwai paha kona inoa lua, no ka mea i loko o ke kāʻei hele, ʻaʻole ia e waiho i ka wahi maʻamau, akā nihi wale nō.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o Kaluga e noho i loko o nā hui, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole pono kēlā iʻa i ka pale o ka ʻohana.
He lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa a ola i ke aniani ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki. Aia kekahi poʻe i noho ma mua o 55 makahiki.
ʻAi nā meaʻai ola
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana
ʻO ka mea i hōʻike i ka papa o ka hulu manu-ʻahu a nā poʻe ʻiliʻili a me ka ʻimi i nā mea ʻala liʻiliʻi me ka leʻaleʻa. Hōʻike ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona iā ia iho i nā poʻe kokoke mai ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka palaoa i ka lākou ola.
- Hoʻomaka ka ʻōmole e huli i 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā ma lalo o ke ʻano ka maikaʻi o ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka loko i kā lākou hoʻoulu ʻana.
- ʻO ka mea mua loa ʻo ia nā ʻano o nā kaona o ke kai, nā pepeke a me nā ʻelele o nā invertebrates.
- Ma hope o kekahi manawa, e hoʻokokoke ana nā keiki i ka lalo, kahi e loaʻa ai iā lākou ka manawa e alualu ai no nā ʻelele o nā crustaceans a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. Pono kēia i hiki i nā ʻōpio Kaluga ke loaʻa ikaika, no ka mea, no ka ʻimi o nā kamaʻāina nui aku, pono ia e nui o lākou.
- I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka iʻa a hiki i ka mau mahina he 12 mau mahina, hiki i nā minnows liʻiliʻi, nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā mea ʻeleu o ke kōpena.
- Ke ulu nui nei lākou a māhuahua i ka nui, e ʻai maoli ana ʻo kaluga i kekahi meaʻai e hiki ai ke loaʻa.
Hiki i kēia iʻa ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka iʻa holoʻokoʻa
ʻO Chum, ʻoniʻoni a me nā mea ʻoni salmon a manaʻo ʻia he mea punahele maikaʻi loa o ka Amur Kaluga. Ua loko ʻia ka iʻa a loaʻa i kekahi manawa aia nā lawaiʻa e wehe i kona ʻōpū i loaʻa ma mua o 25 kg o nā iʻa pālua o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Wahi a Zoologists hiki i Kaluga ke hoʻopau i ka iʻa a hiki i ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi. Aia kekahi manawa i ʻai ai nā pākeke i nā huahana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo wikiwiki kokoke i ka ʻai ʻia ma muli o ka waha nui o ke kanaka, ʻaʻohe ona niho. E wehe ʻo ia a huki nā wai kokoke i ka mea pio. ʻAʻohe manawa a ka mea pepehi mai ka pīhoihoi a komo i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka Kaluga.
ʻOiai ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, aia nō kekahi mau makahiki pōloli inā ʻaʻole lawa ka salmon e hānai i ka kaluga. I kēia hihia, hiki i nā pākeke ke ʻai i nā kaluga ʻōpio i nā nui. ʻO kēia mau hihia, i ka hui pū me ka hoʻouka ʻana a poaching, e piʻi ikaika i ka pau ʻana o nā ʻano.
Nui nā nuances o ka hoʻohiwahiwa
Naʻa ʻaʻai Kaluga
ʻO Kaluga kahi mea kahalaha hoʻohilahila maʻamau, i nā makahiki mua o kona ola ʻana ia e hānai aku i nā hoahānau liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAi nā poʻe ʻaumana i nā mea iʻa like ʻole o ka iʻa lau - ʻo salmon ka mea i makemake mua ʻia na "Kaleka" maikaʻi loa no Kaluga.
Ma ka Amur estuary (kahi i noho ai ʻo Kaluga ma kahi o Kaluga), lilo ka chum a me ka ulaula i ka ʻai nui, a ma muli o ke kahe nui ʻana o ka nui o nā iʻa kālepa āpau i nā wā i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole kīmaha nā ʻano.
Ua like ka waha o kahi mea hoʻohiwahiwa i kahi puka hamama - ʻo ia kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wai o kahi wai. ʻOi loa ka ʻono o ka iʻa - ʻāneke mau mika ʻauhau ʻo Kaluga e maʻalahi i ka wai ʻana i ka saloni chum hoʻokahi mika ma mua a me ka salmon pink melemele - ʻonanui ka ʻōpū ma kahi o hoʻokahi iʻa o kēia nui. ʻAe kēia ʻai i ka holoholona ulu e ulu koke a hiki i nā nui.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
No ka mea, he lawaiʻa ka iʻa a Kaluga a hōʻea i nā nui maoli maoli, ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻuhane kūlohelohe. ^ E Ha yM. Akā ʻo Kaluga - kahi iʻa koʻikoʻi waiwai - he waiwai "waiwai" no ka lawaiʻa ʻana - ʻaʻole ia he ʻiʻo palupalu a ʻono maoli. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe o nā iwi āpau o ka iʻa. ʻO kēia mau pono āpau i hana i ka holoholona i mea nui o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻole.
Loaʻa ka poʻi kau i nā mea kīnā ʻole keu ke kaupaona ʻana mai 5 a 20 kg, nona ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kānaka o nā ʻano. Ma muli o kēia hopu ʻana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano he ʻumi mau makahiki, e like me ka papa aʻoaʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka iʻa ʻo Kaluga i loko o ka Puke Hoʻōla. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi ʻano mai loko aku ma lalo o ke ʻano kahi i pani paʻa i ka maoli a me ka poaching hopu o ka heluna kanaka a kūleʻa maoli ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Mea waiwai no ka poʻe
Ma ka waena o ka XX kenekulia, ua ʻae ʻia e hopu iā Kaluga me ka ʻole o ka pale, i hala i ka hoʻonui liʻiliʻi ʻana i kona helu. I kēia manawa, waiwai koʻikoʻi ka iʻa nei, akā pāpā paʻa wale nō a he hiki ke ʻae ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻae kūikawā.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia kanaka kahi mea ʻono loa a koʻikoʻi. ʻO Kaluga kahi kumu hoʻi ia i ka caviar uliuli - kūʻai kumukūʻai a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻanoʻano ʻono loa.
I kēia manawa, ke noi nei nā ʻepekema mai Rusia a me Kina i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka helu o nā kanaka. Kani lākou i ke kaluga i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka Amur. Akā inā ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu ka poʻi, ʻaʻole e holo.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa ika Kaluga i ke kūlana o nā mea pau ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai kona poʻe kānaka he 50-55,000 wale nō nā kāne ʻelemakule (15 mau makahiki a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 50-60 kg, 180 cm lōʻihi). i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia kahi emi nui o ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano, i pili pū ʻia me ka hopu poaching ʻana o ka heluna. Ina e hoomau mau keia, alaila ma ka pau ana o keia makahiki, e emi ana ka heluna o Kaluga a he umi mau manawa. A hala nā makahiki he umi, lilo paha ka heluna o Kaluga.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Kālā
ʻAmaʻa pākela Amur: mai ka muʻu a hiki i luna. Loaʻa ia ma Ussuri, Sungari, Zeya, Shilke, Argun, Onon, Ingoda, mau loko Khanka, Bologna, a me Orel. ʻAʻole hele ka moana ma mua o ka mokuʻāina. Aia ma ka Amur Liman, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke Kai o Okhotk a ʻo ka nui i loko o ka moana i ʻole e hele i ka palena o ka wai i hoʻonā ʻia e ka ʻAmur. Noho ʻo Kaluga ma kekahi mau loko, no ka laʻana, ma Lake Orel, aia ʻo 50 km ma luna o Nikolaevsk. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Kaluga ma ke komohana ʻākau o Sakhalin, kahi i loaʻa ai mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mokupuni i Tyk Bay a i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Aleksandrovsk, i kona manawa komo i ka nuku o ka muliwai (r.Viaha). Ma Amur i hoʻokahi kāmela ala (estuary) a me nā ʻano noho.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
ʻO ka iʻa ʻohana Sturgeon, ʻo Kaluga nō hoʻi, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o nā mea āpau kekahi. Akā ʻoi ka waiwai nui o ka caviar i kēia mau iʻa, no ka mea he nui o nā mea waiwai nui - iodine, omega-3 fatty acid, nā minelala, nā huaora a me nā momona e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, no laila pono no ke kino o ke kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana kūikawā o ka iwi iwi ma kahi ala e hoʻopili ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ke kanaka i kēia iʻa no ka ʻai - ʻo ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā iwi a me ka ʻōpala cartilaginous e hiki ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 85% o kona kino no ka kuke ʻana i ka kīʻaha mai Kaluga.
He hoihoi! Mai ka nānā ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka cartilage i ka iʻa kūlohelohe kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kao i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka arthrosis a me ka osteoarthritis.
ʻO ka hoʻolilo ʻana ka momona liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka mālama wela, ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wahi o ka pā adipose ma ka iʻa Kaluga e lilo i mea momona gastronomic makemake nui loa. ʻO kēia mau mea e lilo i kumu nui no ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ma kahi pālahalaha nui a ʻo ia ke "kumu nui" kīpē "o ka pau ʻole o ka ʻano nui.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Kaliku iʻa - Amur buta
He ʻāpana ʻo Kaluga ʻo ka ʻohana paʻa o ka huaʻa ʻo Beluga. Aia ma ka wai o ke awāwa ʻo Amur. Waiho ʻia ia ma ka Puke Wau ma kahi heluna kanaka e pau. Ua hoʻohana ia ʻo kēia mau iʻa i ka wai. Akā ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma ke kahakai o ke kai o Okhotk, kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Sakhalin, Hokkaido a me ka ʻoihana ʻo Kamchatka.
ʻO ka iʻa ʻo Kaluga ka nui loa o ka iʻa wai, hiki i kona lōʻihi ke hiki i 6 m, a hiki i kāna pāka a hiki i 1200 kg. Hiki ke palekana i ka centenarians. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomaka o ka wā balal i ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma mua o 2 m a me ka nui o ka 80 kg. Pēlā ka iʻa i lilo iā 18-22 mau makahiki. Loaʻa i nā males ka wā kamaʻāina ma mua o nā wāhine. Ua ʻōlelo aku ʻo Ichthyologists e hiki i nā iʻa ke ola no nā makahiki he 55.
ʻO ke poʻo o Kaluga kahi kūlohelohe ia i ke ʻano, uhi ʻia nā pale pale ma luna. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, uhi ʻia me nā pā ossified, aia ma nā lālani 5. ʻO ka waha ka nui, ke kalai ʻia, a mahele iki i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. Ma ka waha o ka waha he nui o nā antennae, i hoʻomalu ʻia ma hope mai. ʻO ka ʻūpū keʻokeʻo a hoʻi i ka hina hina-hina. Eia, ʻo ka iʻa Kaluga. Hōʻike maikaʻi ke kiʻi iā ia.
Hoʻonohonohoʻia ma ka hohonu o ka 3 a 7 m i kahi mākeke-palahalaha o ka muliwaiʻo Amur. Loaʻa ka spawning i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki, aia i Mei-Iune a kū i ka lā 5-6. I kēia manawa hana, hiki i ka iʻa kaluga ke hoʻonui i nā hua he 4 miliona e lawe ʻia nei e kēia wā. I ka wā mua, e ʻai i ka ʻai manuahi, nā mea ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Ke ulu wikiwiki lākou, ma ka wā ʻōpiopio lākou e lilo ai i poʻe predator. ʻO ka cannibalism ma waena o lākou ke kumu maʻamau.
Aʻa ka ikaika o ka iʻa Kaluga, ʻaʻohe kumu me ia e kapa ʻia ana he mau mehe Amur. Me kona huʻeke, hiki iā ia ke kīkēkē i nā mau o nā moku. Akā pū kekahi pū kekahi - hoʻohuli i ka iʻa ma kona kua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me kekahi mea me ia.
ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻo kahi iʻa nui he lawaiʻa. Inā holo a ʻeleʻele salmon, smelt, chum salmon, herring hele spawn, pili ʻo Kaluga i nā kula a ʻai i nā iʻa ʻelima kilogram, e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi e ʻai ana. I nā mau manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ka ʻalua o ke kai a me kāna keiki ʻōpio nō hoʻi.
Ua haʻi ʻo kekahi kanaka lawaiʻa kahiko mai Nikolaevka-on-Amur i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka kaluga. Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou me 3 mau upena, kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā kikowaena 2, lilo i hina, pōʻino i ke kolu. Pono ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa i kahi kaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻoihana me nā kaula kila e huki i kēia colossus i kahakai. ʻAʻole makehewa nā hana. Hoʻokahi huina caviar holoʻokoʻa mai loko mai o ka iʻa.
E ʻōlelo ana i ka caviar. ʻEleʻeleʻeleʻele, a i ka 4 mm ka lōʻihi o nā hua. ʻO ka ʻai o kēia iʻa, he mea ʻai maikaʻi ʻole. A ʻōlelo ka poʻe kamaʻāina e loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai. E mālama pono ʻia ʻo Kaluga kekahi o ka iʻa maikaʻi loa. E like me nā mea paʻa a pau loa, ʻaʻohe ona iwi, kāwili wale nō, i.e. hiki ke ʻai ʻia ia mea. I ke kūʻai aku, ua aneane ʻole ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa, ʻoiai ke pili nei i ka iʻa iʻa.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka kaluga. ʻO ia ma muli o ka hopu peke ʻana i ka hopu ʻana, a me ka haumia ʻana o ka wai noho. No kekahi mau lā, pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻole ʻana o ka iʻa. Loaʻa ka pōpoki i kēia manawa, no laila e hoʻōla maikaʻi ka lehulehu.
ʻOkoʻa nui ka iʻa o Kaluga i ka poʻe ʻepekema no kā lākou neʻe lōʻihi, a ʻo ka hiki i ke noho ma ka wai kūlohelohe a me ke kai.
He ʻoliʻoli nui ʻo Kaluga a he kiʻi maʻamau ʻo ia, ka moeʻuhane o kekahi lawaiʻa.
Hoʻohui
ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻolālā embryonic ma kahi mahana wai 18,3 ° C e lōʻihi ma kahi o 108 mau hola, a ma kahi wela o 9-10 ° C - 15-16 mau lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hatching embryos he 11.8 mm. Ka hoʻololi i ka lolo i nā mea hoʻomohala hui i nā lā 8 ma hope o ka hika ʻana i ka mahana o ka wai o 20,5 ° C a me 16 mau lā ma hope mai i kahi mahana o 15 ° C me ka lōʻihi o 20 mm. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio paʻa a me nā ʻōpio me kahi ʻoki kīnā ʻole i lawe ʻia mai i lalo o ka muliwai o Amur. Ma ka hopena o ka ʻōʻī, ua loaʻa i ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 20-30 cm a me ka lōʻihi o 17-97 g. ʻO 35 cm ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia makahiki he 14 cm, ʻoi ka nui o ko lākou kaupaona 146 g. Ua ulu nui ka ulu o kalugs mai Lyman e ulu i ka ulu ʻana o kalugas mai Amur ponoʻī. ʻO Kaluga mai Amur Liman e hōʻike ʻia e ka wikiwiki wikiwiki ma mua o Kaluga mai Amur.
ʻĀina waiwai
ʻO Kaluga ka iʻa waiwai kūʻai nui loa. I ka hopena o XIX makahiki. i nā puʻu haʻahaʻa o Amur, ua loaʻa ka paʻa ʻana i ka 580 tons. ua waiho ʻia ke kumu kūʻai o Kaluga ma ka he 19 a me nā kenekulia 20. Hoʻonui ʻia ia i ka mea hou aʻe.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i loko o ka IUCN International Red Book.
Palapala Karaʻōlelo: 1. Lebedev V.D., Spanovskaya V.D., Savvaitova K.A., Sokolov L.I., Tsepkin E.A. Nā iʻa USSR. Moscow, Thought, 1969 2. L. S. Berg. ʻO nā iʻa wai wai o ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Māhele 1. Edition 4. Moscow, 1948 3. Atlas o nā iʻa wai wai o Lūkia: I 2 mauʻu T. T.1. / Ed. Yu.S. Reshetnikova. -M .: Nauka, 2003 .-- 379 p.: Ill. 4. ʻO nā iʻa kalepa o Lūkia. I ʻelua mau helu / ed. O.F. Gritsenko, A.N. Kotlyara ame B.N. Koteneva.- M .: hale hale hale o VNIRO. 2006.- 1280 s. (Ka Uwe 1 - 656 p.).
Aia i hea kona hale
ʻO kēia kaʻa ʻano kupaianaha e loaʻa wale i ka basur Amur, kahi e noho ai ʻo ia a puni ka lōʻihi o ka muliwai mai luna a i ka waha, a me kekahi o kāna mau punahele - Zee, Selemdzha, Argun, Shilke a Sungari. Loaʻa kekahi liʻiliʻi o nā kaluga ma ke kai o Okhotsk. Kekahi mau manawa ʻōpiopio e ʻauʻau i nā muliwai kokoke i Amur e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, ʻaʻole lākou e hoka i laila.
He aha nā mea like
ʻO Kaluga kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui loa i loaʻa ma Rūsia. Me ka wā ʻōpiopio, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka nui. ʻOiai ka mea i loaʻa i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o kahi memo 382 kg, e kau ana i ke koʻi o ka ola nui a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makahiki, kau ʻia nā mea ʻepekema ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka kaluga e hiki ke 6 m a me ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o 1 ton (lōʻihi no 1200 kg). He kino elongated ke kino o ka iʻa. ʻO kona mānoanoa nui e hāʻule i ka wahi ma hope o ke poʻo lapalapa nui, i uhi ʻia me nā papa iwi. Ma ka lalo o ka poʻo he nui, hapalua hapalua waha. Ma muli o nā piula palahalaha, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui nui, kahi e ʻae ai i ka kaluga e moni i kahi pōmaikaʻi nui. Ma mua o ka waha he ʻehā mauʻu ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻElima mau lālani o nā papa iwi nui e hala ma ke kino, ma waena o laila he mau papa liʻiliʻi. Paʻa ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu e nā kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo: ʻeleʻele ke kua o hope, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōpū.
ʻĀlelo ola a me Biology
ʻO Kaluga e kuhikuhi i nā mea hoʻolaha. ʻO ke kumu o kāna papa ʻaina o nā iʻa like ʻole - chum, pink salmon, carp maʻamau, gudgeon, grass carp a me ka ukana kālā. I nā makahiki mua o ke ola, e mālama ikaika ia i nā invertebrates haʻalulu (honu, nā peke, mysid, a me nā hua manu pepeke) a loaʻa koke ke kaumaha. Ma ka makahiki o 20, hiki iā ia ma mua o 100 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kuʻina o kahi ʻano he 80 mau makahiki, akā ma muli o ke hopu ikaika o kēia au he mau liʻiliʻi wale nō.
I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema i ʻelua ʻano kaluga - ka wai (ke noho ma waena o ka ʻAmur, a ua kū i ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka hana hou ʻana) a me ka ʻāhu. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hānai i ka waha o ka muliwai, loaʻa ka puka estuary i kahi nui nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka muliwai. Hoʻomaka ʻo Kaluga e neʻe iki - i ka wā he 18 o ka makahiki (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine). Hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu a i ʻelima mau makahiki. No ka hana ʻana, lele ka iʻa i ka kahawai o ka muliwai ʻo Amur a koho i kahi lalo me ke one a me ka lepo pebble no ka spawning. E waiho ana ʻo Kaluga ma kahi o 1.5 miliona mau hua lāʻau leʻa, kahi o ka pī e kū ai ma ka hā o ka lā aʻe a ʻeono.
Ua komo i loko o ka Buke Red
Ma kahi mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka kaluga ma mua o ka 80% a ke hoʻomau mau nei nei i ka emi. ʻO ke kumu ka nui nui o ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻano ma nā wahi a pau o kona wahi - mai ka neʻe ʻana i nā ʻona e hānai i nā ʻona. Ma ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia iwakālua, i ka wā i hala ai ka nalowale o ka nalowale hou ʻana o kaluga, ua kau ʻia ka pāpā ʻana i kāna māka ʻana i US. ʻAe kēia i ka mālama i ka nānā a hiki i kēia lā. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa, hoʻoweliweli ka nui o nā kaluga e nā mea ʻē aʻe - nā kīwī o ka wai o Amur a me ka poʻi e nā lawaiʻa ma Kina. ʻO nā hana hoʻohālikelike hui Lūkia-China wale nō e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana ʻana a kūkulu i kahi mea kanu kūikawā no ka kanu ʻana i ka kaluga ma nā ʻano kūlohelohe e hiki ai iā ia ke mālama no nā hanauna.
He hoihoi
ʻO kekahi kumu waiwai nui no Kaluga ʻo ka salmon Far Farine, i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kahawai ʻo Amur e kikoʻī. Akā, i nā mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ke kaumona ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui, kahi i hoʻopilikia pū ʻia i ka nui o kaluga. Ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai, hoʻomaka ka cannibalism e ʻike ʻia i loko o ka Kaluga - ʻai nui ʻo ka poʻe pākeke i nā mākeke liʻiliʻi o kā lākou ʻano.
Kauʻai
ʻO Kaluga kahi i moho iha i ka ichthyofauna. ʻO ka makahiki mua o ke ola, mālama ka ʻai i nā mea invertebrate. Hoʻohana ka kalugates i ka kō iʻa o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe no ka meaʻai. Makemake nā poʻe pākeke e ʻai i nā iʻa ʻano nui no ka ʻohana salmon.
ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka meaʻai Kaluga he chum a me ka salmon pink. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ka poʻe salmon i ka hopena o kēia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka cannibalism ma waena o nā kula Kaluga. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā mea noho kalg e noho ana, me ka mea e ʻai i ka iʻa e noho ana ma ka lalo o ka waihona kālā, ka helu o ka mea e mau nei ka paʻa mau.
Mea ʻai
ʻAi ʻia ka kaluga maikaʻi i ka iʻa, nui - chum, pink salmon, carp, grass carp, carp. Ma ka uka o Amur, he mea hoʻohui me ka salemona migratory a me lamprey, ʻai nui ia i ka pala, manu, ʻaʻomaʻu, loko aono, keʻokeʻo a me ka holoneone ʻai e ʻai ana, a ʻai pū kekahi i kona mau huehue ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau melika. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole i pau ka meaʻai. Kahi liʻiliʻi - no nā gudgeons, lamprey, manaʻo, a me nā mea lālani, no ka ʻao ʻana, ka loko wai hou, mauʻu liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻai ana i nā minnows, nā lio ʻōpio, a chebak a me nā kohola luku.
