Hoʻomau wau i kaʻu māhele tematikala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā ʻano iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻike e ʻike ʻia nei i nā papa o nā hale kūʻai. ʻO ko mākou ʻohana ua hāʻule mua i ke aloha me Lacedra me kāna ʻaʻa kūlohelohe, kūpono loa no sushi a me hamachi nigiri (kīlepa Iapana). Kūʻai pinepine mākou iā Dorado, mahalo i ka mea ʻala o ke kupapaʻu "gula", me ka mōʻaukala e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā kahiko. Ma waena o nā punahele a me nā bass moana - "wolf moana", nā mea lapaʻau a me nā loea e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻano elite o nā iʻa.
A i kēia lā makemake wau e hoʻolauna i nā mea heluhelu i kahi ʻelele maʻamau loa o ka moana hohonu. Kūlea ʻole ma ka inoa - he hare kai (i kekahi manawa ke ʻōlelo nei lākou he konabi) a i ʻole chimera kai.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai mai ke kiʻi, hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa no kēia iʻa e nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa kupanaha, a me ke ʻano o ka muzzle, mea like vaguely me ke kukuna a i ʻole ka hare. Aele, kapa akula lākou iā ia he chimera ma muli o ke ʻano hopohopo i kahi iʻa pālolo laukani me nā puʻupuʻu momona, protruding fins a me ka hele ʻana o nā niho niho ʻoi.
Wahi a Wikipedia, ʻo ka "chimera ʻEulopa (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) he iʻa cartilaginous, nā ʻano nui loa o nā ʻōlima like-chimera, ʻike ʻia ma ka Hikina Hikina mai Iceland a me Norewai a hiki i ke kai waena a kū i ke kapakai o ʻAlepika Hema, me ka Barents Sea."
Hoʻohui ka iʻa i nā ʻano keu he nui. ʻĀ, ma mua, e like me kaʻu i hoʻomaopopo ai, he cartilaginous ka iʻa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe nui a, ʻo ka mea nui hoʻi, nā iwi liʻiliʻi ma loko! Ma ka kino holoʻokoʻa ke kau ʻana i kahi kuʻi spilaginous. Inā ka mea i ʻai i kahi kai make - katrana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e pili ana. No ka wehewehe pono ʻana, e hōʻike wau i nā iwi i koe mai ʻelua ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka chimera i kuke ʻia.
Hiki i ka iʻa ke hiki i ka 1-1,5 mika ka loa a hiki i ka 2 kilogram i ke paona. Akā i kā mākou mau hale kūʻai, a hiki i kaʻu i ʻike ai, kūʻai lilo ʻia nā iʻa i nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ke kalua ʻole me ke poʻo. ʻO ke kumu o nā bea spiky i loaʻa i loko o ke poʻi poʻo, aia lākou i nā mea oona. E wehe iā lākou me ka mālama mālama loa ke ʻoki ʻia.
Kūʻai pinepine wau ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻole i hoʻokahi kilogram o ka iʻa no ka kuke manawa hoʻokahi no ko mākou ʻohana. No laila kēia manawa, ua huki ʻia nā iʻa ʻelua ma kahi o 800 mau grika:
Ua koi aku wau i nā helu 400-600 i hōʻike i ka nui o nā kalaiʻu. No ka mea ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia i kēia mau palena.
E like me ʻoe e ʻike ai mai ke kiʻi, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o kahi kilokilo he 306 rubles, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka awelika kumukūʻai kumukūʻai (no ke hoʻohālikelike, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Dorado ma ke kumukūʻai o 500 rubles, kahi makaki me ke poʻo - e pili ana i ka 180 rubles). Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana nā mea kūʻai aku i ka naʻaupō o ka poʻe mea kūʻai a hoʻolaha i kēia ʻano o ka leʻa e like me ka mea leʻaleʻa a he lelo, ʻaʻole kūpono e hāpai i ka hōʻailona kūʻai.
I ka hiʻohiʻona, ka mea ʻai kāwāwaʻa he wahi maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe "he" sausage ":
Pono e mālama i ka nānāʻole ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili o ka paʻu moana. A me ka hele ʻana o ka waihona melemele shaggy ma ka lōʻihi holo o ke kupapaʻu, i hōʻoki ʻia me nā ʻoki maʻamau.
Mea hoʻopunipuni nā mea kūʻai aku ma kekahi manawa a hala ʻole ka hake maʻamau a i ʻole like me ka Sea Chimera (ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka manawa e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka iʻa i ka cellophane icy. No laila, ʻo ka hele ʻana i nā pahola i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, he hōʻoia ia ua loaʻa iā ʻoe he lawn.
He ʻoluʻolu a he nani hoʻi ka ʻiʻo o ka chimera kai.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia iʻa, ʻaʻohe o ka pūhaka o ka ea (e like me nā makika). He kumu kēia no ka PAIHUA e koi ʻia e hoʻoneʻe ʻia. A ua alakaʻi kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā iwi i ka huakaʻi a me ka hele ʻana o kahi vertebra lōʻihi wale nō ka cartilaginous.
Hiki i ka hui nui ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka pau ʻole o nā pauna.
ʻO ia hoʻi, pono ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hope dorsal (ʻo kēia wale nō ka ʻino), ka holoi a ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻāpana.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo Chimera keokeo-keʻokeʻo, palupalu a me ka waiʻona, nā momona momona momona (ke kōkona ʻona ma kēlā me kēia 100 mauona e pili ana i ka 115 kcal), me kahi ʻano e pili ana ka fibrous. I ka manawa like, ʻike maoli ʻole ia e kapa ʻia a he maloʻo paha. ʻAno ʻole ka mea ʻā o kēia iʻa, ʻaʻole ʻala, ʻūhā, ʻoluʻolu!)))
ʻO kekahi ʻano hōʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ke Kai Hare. Aneane a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia iʻa ʻaʻole kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i ka mea kuke. ʻO nā ʻiole wale nō a me nā hua chimera i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai. Ea, eia kekahi ʻano kupaianaha hou e pili ana i ka hare o ke kai - kau lākou i kā lākou hua! ʻAe, ua lohe pololei ʻoe. Mākou - ka "rabi" ʻaʻole i hoʻokalakupua i nā hua manu, akā hana i ka pepeke i loko o ka protein "cradle". I loko, i ka papa o ka makahiki, ua ʻoki kēia mau hua, a laila ʻohi piha i ke kālai ʻana a hiki i 10 mau kenimika lōʻihi loa mai ka ʻeke kaula. Holo aku nā mea hoʻolako lawaiʻa no kēlā me kēia masonry, no laila e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia huahana he waiwai, nani a nani loa!
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia iwakālua, ua ʻike nā poʻe ʻepekema i ka ʻai o ka lawehala o ke kai he waiwai kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka protein kūlohelohe, kahi e hoʻopili piha ʻia e ke kino kanaka. He waiwai nui nō hoʻi i nā huaora A, D, E a me nā minela āpau. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā chimeras i ka ʻai i ka meaʻai e hōʻemi ana i ka pae o ka kolamu ma ke koko a hoʻokaʻawale i ka hōʻemi o nā mea oona. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kīʻaha mai ka chimera i kēlā me kēia haleʻaina hanohano.
ʻO ka ʻōlapaʻa ka wai i ka iʻa, ua kuke lākou iā ia ma nā ʻano maʻamau: pā, kālua a ʻala.
I kēia manawa ua hoʻoholo wau e kuke i ka "hare" i ka umu i loko o nā pā me nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu a me ka waiū a me ka kīkī piha.
Ma hope o 30-40 mau minuke, pālahalaha kahi moʻo o ka hale ma loko o ka hale. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ke kāne ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ke alo ma ka puka o ka keʻena.))
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hopena, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia kahi ipu o Kinszdmarauli i loko o ka pāʻina ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka ʻūhā liʻiliʻi!
E hōʻuluʻulu i loko o ka iʻa kai, loko o ka kai a i ole chimera.
I nā pōmaikaʻi, ʻike wau:
1. Ka hopena kumukūʻai: hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolimalima i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi mahina.
2. ʻO ka pau ʻana o nā unahi - ma hope o ka lawoʻa, pono e holoi pono ʻia ka iʻa.
3. I ke kupua o nā iwi - wale ka cartebra kūlou. No laila, no nā keiki a me ka ʻahaʻaina "koho" - he akua akua wale nō!
4. Mea momona, ʻono, ka momona momona.
5. E like me nā mea ʻepekema a me nā mea kanu olakino, e hoʻopili piha ʻia ka protein me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka chimera i ke kino o ke kanaka. Loaʻa ka lehulehu o nā huaora, nā minerala a me nā momona momona.
6. Nui no kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻamau: ka hoʻolapalapa, ka palaoa, hana ʻana.
Ma nā cons:
1. ʻO Laut Bunny - "pops" pops i nā hale mālama hale.
2. Ka ʻono ʻono ʻono (nāna i hoʻāʻo i ka ʻiʻo o ka Pō Hōʻele ʻo Katrana e maopopo iā ia) nō ia. Akā ua kūpono kēia i nā ʻano o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
3. Pono nā mea maʻi āpau e mālama pono no ka manawa mua - he nui nā kaiʻai e maʻi pūlohi.
4. No ka mea, ua helu ka ʻiʻo i ka momona, a laila e ʻoki ana i ka mea ʻai, ʻaʻole lawe ʻia ka mea ʻai ʻia e ka ʻai kāne.
ʻO ka iʻa chimera (Chimaeriformes)
Aia wale ka ʻohana i 3 mau ʻohana , kekahi o lākou - Kāhea iā Callorhynchidae - pālahalaha aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema, a me nā ʻelua ʻelua - Chimaeridae a Rhinochimaeridae - ma ka ʻākau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke kahakai o Iapana.
Nā lawoʻa maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka ikaika i ka pō. Meaʻai nā koina invertebrates liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Pauwe huhiloli. Hōʻohie ke ʻāpana. Aia kahi puʻu gill ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ke kino. A ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, he laina laina ʻae. ʻO ka waha haʻahaʻa, ua like nā niho me nā papa kihi. All-chimera like like - nā iʻa ika, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i ka hohonu o 2600 m, ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka papa.
Hahu ka iʻa ʻano chimera ke kino e hoʻopili hou ʻia ma hope aʻe o ka maka o ka ʻili. O ka loiloi dorsal mua loa he kuahi koʻo; aia ma kekahi mau ʻano, he ʻōmona kūlohelohe e kū pono ana i kona kumu. ʻO ka huelo he heterocercal a hoʻomau paha ma ke ʻano o kahi kui lōʻihi. ʻO ke kai, ka nui o nā palapala hohonu hohonu. Maʻamau i ke kai a me ka wela o ka moana. He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā mea hoʻopukapuka manuahi. Mālama pū ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, me nā niho ikaika, nā pūpū o nā crustaceans a me nā echinoderms, nā mea ikaika a me nā mollusks e maʻalahi i ka pīpī; Haʻi lākou ma muli o nā neʻe o ka pvelal o nā ʻalopiha pectoral a me nā ʻae hope o ka huelo. ʻO ka lōʻihi mai 60 cm a 1.5-2 m.
Kauwahi. Loaʻa nā Males i ka pterigopodia. ʻAno hānau i kukolaia. I ka manawa like, e hoʻolōʻihi ai ka wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hua nui, kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka elongated oval horn capsule (a hiki i 12-20 cm lōʻihi) me ka hoʻohui convoluted filifiligaorm i ka hopena. Nā hua ʻaka e hāʻule ma ka lalo o kahi pōhaku a i ʻole e kau i ka algae. Hoʻohui tumau i ka 9-12 mahina. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ka embryo hoʻomohala, puka puka ʻia ka hopenaorm - waho "gills" waho, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hua o ka yolk a, hiki paha ke hoʻomohala i ka oxygen. Ma mua o ka hili ʻana, nalowale kēia mau "gills", a ʻokoʻa ka chimera ʻōpio e waiho ana i ka ʻupena i ka poʻe nui wale nō ka nui
ʻO ke ʻano o ka iʻa chimera
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke ke hele aku i 1.5 mau mika. ʻOluʻolu ke ʻano o ka ʻili o kēia mau iʻa, me nā kala ʻono. I nā kāne, ma waena o nā maka ma ke poʻo he ulu iwi (spike) a he ʻano lihi.
Pono ka huelo o kēia mau iʻa, ua hiki ke kūlike i ka hapalua ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka helehelena o kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana chimeric hiki ke kapa ʻia he mau lehelehe lateral elima. Ke akaʻa nei iā lākou, lilo ka chimera i kahi mea like me ka manu.
ʻOi aku ka like o nā iʻa Chimera e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka mea noho o ke kai hohonu
ʻAno like nā kala o kēia mau iʻa, akā ke ʻano nui nā kala ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele me nā kāʻei keʻokeʻo maʻamau a puni i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke alo o ke kino, kokoke i ka moni dorsal, loaʻa i nā chimeras ka puka mai o nā pala, he mānoʻamaʻa a he koʻikoʻi loa. Ke hoʻohana nei kā lākou holoholona no ka mālama ponoʻī iā ia.
ʻO nā mea ʻimi āpau loa e pili ana i nā chimeras
I ka wā i haʻi ʻia ai ka inoa chimera, ʻaʻole kēia ke manaʻo he hoʻokahi wale nō lā. Kīlī ʻia ʻo Genim Chimera (lat. Chimaera) i nā ʻano 6, ʻo ia ka mea i kaulana loa ʻo ka chimera ʻEulopa (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) mai ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Atlantika. Aia kahi chimera Cuban (Chimaera cubana), kahi hewa i hewa mua no ka ʻEulopa, a ma hope ke kaʻawale nei i kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa. Noho nō ia ma ke kahakai o Cuba ma ka hohonu o 400-500 mika. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka genus Chimera mai nā wai o ke kai hikina o ka Pākīpika (ʻApika ʻAilika, ke Kaiʻula ʻĀina, a me nā Mokupuni o Iapana).
ʻO kahi o nā chimeras i ka ʻōnaehana iʻa
ʻO ka genus Chimera, nona ka chimera ʻEulopa, he ʻāpana o ka ʻohana Chimeeridae, aia kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka genus Chimera i ke ʻano o ka hope caudal.
Loaʻa nā iʻa a pau o ka ʻohana Chimera. ʻO kēia kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o ke kauoha ʻo Chimeriformes (Chimaeriformes), i waena o kahi ʻohana. ʻO nā chimeras nosed me kahi ʻōlau elongated loa, a kuhikuhi ma ka hope. A ʻo ke kolu o ka ʻohana he probimis chimeras (callorinchidae). ʻOkoʻa lākou i ka elongated a kūlou a i hope hoʻi i mua o ka hiʻu.
Ma lalo iho nei, i ke kiʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā iʻa chimera ma nā hiʻohiʻona, a hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i nā ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka snout ma waena o nā ʻelele o kēlā me kēia ʻohana, ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei.
ʻO nā ʻelele o ka neʻe like ʻana o ka chimera: 1 - kēia. Chimeric, 2 - kēia. ʻO Proboscis (callorinchidae) a me kēia. Nā chimeras nosed.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻatikala, he tropaginous ka iʻa chimera, a no ia hoʻi, aia nō ia i ka papa “Cartilaginous”, he ʻelua mau mākaʻi. Loaʻa ka laulā i ka pā hale i loko a me waho me ka plate-gill (nā ʻaka a me nā stingrays), ʻokoʻa ka chimeras mai ia lākou ma ka pūhaka kīwī piha loa me ka ʻūlū. No laila, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka subclass Whole-head a Mouth-cranial paha.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka chimeric
He ʻano hiʻohiʻona kino ka chimera āpau: valky, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i hope ma mua o ka ʻili. I ke kiʻi o ka iʻa lawaiʻa (European chimera), ʻike maoli ʻia kēia.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka helehelena o nā ʻelele o nā chimera-like:
- ʻElua mau pālua ma ke kua, ʻo ke mua ka lōʻihi a pōkole loa, me ka mana ikaika i mua, ʻo ia pū, me ia, inā pono, e komo i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu i hope. ʻO ka lua ka lōʻihi a hiki ke kau i ke kumu nui o ka moʻo caudal a ʻaʻole i hoʻohui pū.
- Loaʻa i ka fin caudal ke ʻano o kahi kaula lōʻihi.
- Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā poli pectoral a ua like lākou like me kahi fanu i kona ʻano.
- ʻOiʻu ka liʻiliʻi o nā paʻu ventral ma mua o nā pua pectoral a kū ma kahi kokoke i ka anus, i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana.
- I ka waihona, ua hoʻolako ʻia nā paikikala āpau i nā lehelehe kino, ʻilihune a paʻakikī.
- ʻO ka waha haʻahaʻa (lalo) o ka chimera ka mea i luna ka lehelehe kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu.
- Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ākea i ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo i uhi ʻia e ka ʻili o ke kino i kākoʻo ʻia e ka pahu loea.
- ʻO ke kino kūlohelohe, ma kahi ʻole o nā unahi pleta i uhi ʻia, ua uhi ʻia me ka nui o ka ʻāhu.
Nā chimeras maʻEulopa - nā mea nani a iʻa paha paha?
ʻO ka chimera ka Europa ka inoa ʻo Chimaera monstrosa, ka mea e hoʻopili ai i nā hui me kekahi mau ʻano. He nui nā inoa kēia inoa, ʻo kekahi o nā inoa i lawe ʻia e ka iʻa chimera ʻo ka ʻedona. Loaʻa paha paha kēia ma muli o nā kaulahao pectoral nui elongated me nā maka nui. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia iʻa iʻa kai, ʻike no nā kumu like ʻole.
A i waena o nā Norwegia, ʻo ka chimera he iʻa aliʻi. Pēlā i kapa ʻia no ka wīwīwī o ke aʻi lipi ma hope, aia i waena o nā kāne ma waena o nā maka.
Hiki i ke kino o ka chimera ʻEulopa ke hiki i hoʻokahi a i hoʻokahi hapa a me ka hapa a me ka hapa, a ʻo kona huelo a lōʻihi loa a me ka lahilahi, no laila e hoʻopili ʻia kekahi inoa inoa iā ia - ke kaʻe o ka moana.
He aha ka kala i ka chimera?
Ma ka ʻili kino o kahi chimera Pākehā, loaʻa i nā kuʻi rudimentary i kekahi manawa. Akā, nānā maikaʻi ke ʻano a palupalu a me ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona:
- ke kua i loko o ke kuaʻeleʻele a me ke kala gula i hui pū me ka ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli paʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua,
- ka mālamalama ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino.
- ma ka kua o ka moni dorsal lōʻihi, a me ka caudal a me ke kūlohelohe, kahi ulaula ʻulaʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o ke chimera e hoʻopau ʻia e ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka haumāna ma luna o ke kua o ke kaina nani o kona mau maka nui.
ʻO ka chimera Pake, kiʻi ʻia e Roman Fedortsov, Murmansk, @rfedortsov_official_account
Hoʻomoe, kūleʻa a me nā neʻe
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā iʻa chimera maʻEulopa ma nā wai kūlau. ʻO kona wahi ka māhele ʻākau o ke Kaiʻāleʻa ʻAmelika:
- I nā wai ʻākau - mai ke Strait o Gibraltar (nā wai kahakai o Maroko) a i ka mokupuni ʻo Islandia a me ka Peninsula o Scandinavian me ka hoʻopulipū ʻana i ka Pōʻaʻa Barents.
- Hono ka wai - kokoke i ke kahakai o Āpelika hema (e pono i kēia ʻike ka hōʻoia).
Noho ka nui o nā iʻa iʻa ma ke kai i lalo, no laila ua ʻike ʻia nā ichthyologists i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau (kokoke i lalo hohonu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kahi hohonu e hiki ai ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia mai 40 a 1400 mika. Akā i ka hapanui o ka noho ʻana ma kēia mau palena he iwakālua a ʻoi paha: ʻelua haneli a ʻelima haneli mau mika (ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau loa o ka palena) a ʻekolu haneri a me kanalima a ʻehiku mau haneli (ma nā wai mai ke kahakai o Morocco). Ma ka hoʻoilo ua hiki i nā wai kahakai, kahi e kū ai ke kahakai o Norewani (kahi hohonu ka 90 a hiki i ka 180 mika) ka nui o kekahi kanaka e loaʻa i nā ʻāpana.
ʻOluʻolu nā iʻa nei, mai pale ʻole i ka hopu ʻia ʻana. Kuke ʻia mai ka wai, make koke lākou. Hoʻokomo i loko o kahi hale aku, ke ola maikaʻi lākou.
Ka neʻe o ka neʻe
ʻAʻole ʻo Chimera a iʻa paha, nā manu kelā moana ke wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻole pono pono ia. E ʻike i ka lokomaikaʻi ʻana iā ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kihi o ka pākēkē o ke kihi o kona kino a me ka ʻoi a me nā ʻiwi e like me nā ʻeke o nā pectoral nui, he hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā ʻēheu.Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā loko o ka ventral i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻauʻau o ka iʻa, kahi kūleʻa kūleʻa, lawelawe lākou i mau neʻe ʻo ka neʻe.
Aia ma ka lalo, hiki i nā chimera ke "kū" ma ka ʻūhā, e hilinaʻi ana i ka aneane āpau o lākou mau pua: ʻoiai ʻo ka pectoral a me nā pila ventral e hana i ka hana o nā wāwae ʻehā, a ʻo ka huelo he lawelawe ʻokoʻa.
Hoʻohui olakino
Māhele ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻatikala i ʻelua nīnau:
- He aha nā mea a ka mea 'ai iʻa
- Hiki paha ke ʻai i ka iʻa chimera, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kiʻahi moana?
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā chimeras e hoʻohanohano nui ʻia e nā invertebrates haʻahaʻa. I waena o lākou he mollusks, crustaceans (ʻoiaiʻu crabs), echinoderms (sea urchins, ophiurs). ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ua hele wale ʻia i loko o ko lākou mau hanu. Ke hoʻokau nei i nā ʻike o ka hoʻowalewale o nā chimeras, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole lākou i ale i ka ʻai i ka ʻai holoʻokoʻa, akā ua nīhi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi mai ka mea o ka mea ʻuʻī a ʻoki paha me nā papa niho ikaika.
E ʻai paha ka poʻe i nā kamela?
No laila hiki ke ʻai i ka chimera iʻa. ʻAʻohe o kahi pane i kēia nīnau. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Chimeraids ma kahakai o ka Pākīpika o ka hui ʻana: ua loaʻa iā lākou i Kili a me ʻAmelika, a ʻo ka wai o Aotearoa a me Kina. Nui nā maka o ka nui o ka waiwai ma New Zealand, kahi e hopu ʻia ai e nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kallorinhov (proboscis chimeras).
ʻO nā ʻiʻo calorinha hou wale nō, kahi palatability maikaʻi loa, i kūpono no ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻopunipuni iki ia, hoʻomaka ka hoʻoiho i kahi mea ʻala maikaʻi o ka ammonia. No nā hale wahine, nā iʻa chimera cartilaginous, ʻaʻohe ona a me nā iwi paʻakikī, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa e hoʻomākaukau.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka momona mai ka ate o nā chimeras, kahi i ʻike lōʻihi ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hōʻeha maikaʻi i nā hōʻola.
Ma kēiaʻano e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o ka chimera ʻEulopa e ka lawe ʻana i ka hohonu hohonu e hiki ai ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka momona o ke ake o kēia iʻa ua alakaʻi i kēia ʻano ʻōlapa i loko o ka IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red Book. He kūlana mālama ko Chimera hare iʻa no kahi ʻano kokoke i kahi kūlana.
ʻAʻano kūlohelohe
ʻO kēia mau iʻa he poʻe noho wai hohonu. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka hohonu o kahi mau hola 2.5 mau. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi kūlana pilikino. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kānaka ʻepekema i hiki ʻole ke noiʻi i nā mea kikoʻī.
ʻIke wale ʻia ʻo kēia mau iʻa e lawaiʻa i ka pōʻeleʻele, i ka pā. No ka huila ʻana i nā mea pio, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kūikawā o ka ʻikepili o nā waha - nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi. ʻO kēia mau "mea" e hoʻopili ai i kahi iilā, a ʻo ka mea nāna ka mea hoʻopuka e holo i loko o ka mālamalama, pololei ia ma ka waha o ka chimera.
Hoʻokahi maoli ka chimera i kāna pānaina ʻaʻole ʻoe e maopopo koke i kona wahi a hea
He aha ke kumu o ka meaʻai ʻana i ka iʻa chimera hohonu?
ʻO kēia mau ika iʻa kūlehu ʻia e hānai nui ʻia ma nā mollusks, echinoderms, a me nā crustaceans. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma nā hohonu hohonu e like me nā chimeras i mea ʻai. No ka ʻai ʻana i ka lima a me nā echinoderms me nā pōkoki ʻoi loa i ke kino, ʻo ka chimera ka niho niho he ikaika koʻi ikaika a me ke kō.
Pehea e ulu ai nā chimeras i kā lākou keiki?
He mau ʻano hua manuʻe ʻo kēia mau iʻa. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana i nā wahine me nā kāne, hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua, waiho ʻia i loko o kahi kapeta paʻakikī.
Noho ka chimeras e kaʻe i ka wai o ka wai, kahi mea e pale iā lākou mai nā ʻenemi a pau
ʻO ke kaʻina hana, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia mau iʻa, ke aʻo ʻoluʻolu ʻia e nā ʻepekema.
Pehea kona ʻike a ma hea kahi e noho ai
ʻO ka inoa maoli o kēia mau iʻa, ʻo ia ka chimera ʻEulopa. ʻO nā lālā i ka papa o ka cartilaginous, chimeric-like order. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā kumu kūʻai ke ʻōlelo aku nei i ka iʻa lawaiʻa moana, he hewa maoli, ʻoiai he mea ola me kēia inoa he ʻelele o kekahi papa. Akā ʻo ka chimera ʻEulopa he mākaʻa o ka iʻa, aʻo ka lapalapa he ʻano mollusk. No laila, he mea kūpono e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau inoa 2, e like me ka mea hilahila o nā mea kūʻai aku iā lākou, e haʻalele ana i kekahi luna no kahi ʻē aʻe, e hiki ai ke hoʻolaha i kahi hilahila. No ka hoʻomaopopo maopopo, ua aʻo ʻia e aʻo i ke kiʻi o nā holoholona ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Loaʻa ka iʻa o ka loko iʻa ka iʻa ma luna o ka ʻĀpana ʻAmelika a me nā kai o ka Moana Arctic E lawe ʻia ana ka lawena lawaiʻa i waho o ke kapakai o ke Aupuni Pelekane, Kauaʻi, ʻUlani, Palani, Portugal, Italia, a me ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelila.
ʻIke ʻia kekahi iʻa ma ka kolamu wai:
- I loko o ke kai wela me nā 350 a 700 m.
- Ma ka ʻākau - mai 200 a 500 m.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka loko o ke kai ka mea like me nā chimera a pau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka iʻa a ke poʻo ākea nui. Ma luna o kona mau maka ākea nui a he puʻu puka liʻiliʻi. Ka mea ʻike maopopo loa i ke kiʻi.
Hoʻopili ke kino, ikaika i ka ʻāʻī. Ua hoʻololi lili ʻia ka hiʻu i kahi kaula.
He spiky nui ka dorsal mua. ʻOiai 2 ka liʻiliʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe a holo i ka ʻaoʻao o luna ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka iʻa. Holo i ka pectoral fins nui, hoʻonohonoho nui.
Mālama ka ʻili o ka iʻa, ʻano liʻiliʻi, hiki ke loaʻa ka pua liʻiliʻi ma luna o ia. ʻO ka kala o ke kua ke kuaʻeleʻele a me kahi lipula ulaula. Ma nā ʻaoʻao nā wahi liʻiliʻi. A māmā ka ʻōpū.
Hiki i kekahi pākeke ke paona o 2,5 kg, aʻo kona lōʻihi e 1.5 m.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe o nā kānaka me ka nele o kahi ʻauʻau e ʻauʻau ai, e like me nā pika, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iʻa cartilaginous. No kēia kumu, ʻo ka iʻa, i mea e mālama pono ai, pono mau i ka neʻe ʻia.
Hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole
I ka wā e ʻai ai ka ʻai, ke ʻano lawehala o ka moana, e like me ka mea nui o ka iʻa.
- He kumu waiwai nui ia o ka protein digestible maʻalahi.
- Loaʻa i nā momona momona o ka Omega-3 nā mea kū pono o ke kikowaena olakino, nā pili koko, nā puʻuwai, nā naʻau naʻau, ka ʻōnaehana o ka hua, ka ʻili, ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a me nā kui.
- Pono ka chimera o ka moana i nā huaora A, E a me D, ke kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i ka hemahema o ka huaora.
ʻOiai ke pōmaikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻiʻo chimera ʻEulopa e kaupalena ʻia inā:
- ʻO nā wahine hāpai a lactating, e like me ka iʻa o ka iʻa a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā toxins.
- ʻO ka heleʻana o kēlā me kēia hoʻomanawanui, hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā hopena alerine.
- Maiʻai no nā keiki i lalo o nā makahiki ʻekolu.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
Noho ka chimera ʻEulopa ma ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me nā kai e pili ana i ka moana Arctic. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kahakai o Noremania, ʻĀina, ʻIlani, Nui Pelekane, Palani, ʻAtalia, Pokukala, ʻAroka, nā Azores a me Madeira, ma ke Kaiwa Mediterranean. ʻO ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano ma ka wai o ʻAmelika Hema e pono ai ke hōʻoia. Loaʻa kēia iʻa kai lawidemersal moanaodromic ma kahi hohonu o 40 a 1400 m. I ke ʻākau, e mālama mau loa ana i ka hohonu o ka 200-500 m, a ma ke kūkulu hema - 350-700 m I ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻokokoke nei ia i nā kahakai, i ka manawa e hele mai ai nā chimera ka Europa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka mōneke o Noremania i ka hohonu o 90-180 m.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka umu
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka chimera ʻEulopa, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo:
- E ʻoluʻolu nā maka, a ʻoliʻoli nā gill i loko. He hōʻike kēia o ka ʻano hou o ke ʻūlā.
- I ka ʻoki ʻana, mai hōʻino i nā pono. Inā i ʻae ʻia kēia, a laila e ʻawa.
- Maʻa nui ka ʻiʻo, akā he juiciness. No laila, pono ʻoe e ʻike pehea e kuke ai.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hākila iʻa ma hope nei.
Kāleka
He mānoanoa ke poʻo me kahi ʻōwili ākea. Ua nui nā maka. Ua haʻahaʻa ʻia ka waha, liʻiliʻi, hili. Aia he 4 ma luna o ka iwi luna, a me nā papa dental ʻano nunui he 2 ma ka iwiaʻao. Piʻi ʻia ke kino, he ʻiliʻili loa i ke kua. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi huʻu liʻiliʻi, sphenoid me kahi kaula lōʻihi. Nui loa ka nui o nā penal pectoral. Kūpaʻa a pōkole loa ka hope dorsal mua, me ka pōkole lōʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mua, a me ka lua o ka dorsal fin ma ke ʻano o ka hāhi haʻahaʻa, e piʻi ai i ka hoʻomaka o ka hope caudal. Anal fin liʻiliʻi. Ma ke poʻo aia kahi ʻōnaehana o nā kahawai pāhana. ʻŌleʻa ka palupalu a me ka palupalu, a uhi ʻia kekahi manawa me nā lālani rudimentary. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi kaila ʻulaʻula, i pala nā ʻaoʻao, nā māmā ka ʻaoʻao ventral. ʻO nā ʻāpana caudal, anal a me ka posterior o nā lua dorsal o kahi lua i kahi oho i ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā chimeras pākeke a 1.5 m, a ʻo ka paona kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo 2.5 kg.
He malia kahi palaʻai ma waena o nā maka ma waena o nā maka. ʻOluʻolu ke ʻano a wili a ka ʻili i nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole.
Biology
Hoʻopili i nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka pūlima pepe. Reproduction makahiki puni. E kū ana i 200 huaʻai i ka ulu o nā wahine. ʻElua mau hua wahine i ʻelua mau manawa ʻaʻole me ka hoʻomalu pinepine ʻana. Ma mua o ke kau ʻana, e pāloi ana ka wahine i nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia ma nā wahi o nā oviducts. A laila waiho ʻo ia iā lākou ma lalo ma nā hohonu hohonu, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 400 m. ʻO 26 mm ka mamao o ka hua meli. He kihi pākahi ka peʻe a he 4 mm kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka kapo he cylindrical ma ke ʻano, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i luna ka hiʻohiʻona o ka appendage pōkole ʻuʻuku, e lawelawe ana e hoʻopili i ka hua manu. He 163-77 mm ka pahū a he 25 mm ka laulā. 3030 mm ka lōʻihi o ka humuhumu. Hoʻopiliʻia nā palahala i nā ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua e pili ana i hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻopau kūlike ʻo nā keiki hou. ʻAʻole ʻapo nā poʻe ʻōpio. ʻIke ʻia nā kuʻina o nā hopu mai nā Faroe Islands ma kahi hohonu o 1000 m a mai Ireland hoʻi i kahi hohonu o 600 m He mau pākeke he 11 cm ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka chimera ʻehā - ka benthophagus. ʻO kāna papa ʻai e hapanui ana o nā invertebrates: crustaceans, mollusks, worm and echinoderms. I kekahi manawa hele mai kekahi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Pili kanaka
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka iʻa: ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻai i ka make, akā i kekahi manawa ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka momona mai ko lākou hānai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole he lubricant. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā hua meli. I Nūlani, ua hōʻoia ʻia nā chimeras me nā mea hōʻola ola. Ua paʻakikī ka ʻiʻo, akā ma kekahi mau ʻāina ua ʻai ʻia.
Wahi a ka ʻaha Kūʻai Nui no ka Hōlele o ke Kai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia he ʻano ʻoihana, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā hihia i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻule nā mea pākahi i ka wā o ka trawling, akā hopu ka nui o nā chimeras i ka pūnāwai ma ke komohana komohana. He waiwai waiwai ka honua (i nā ton): 1992 - 106, 1994 - 60, 1995 - 106, 1996 - 21, 1997 - 15, 1998 - 32, 1999 - 12, 2000 - 15. hopu ʻia e ka hopu i nā ʻeke o lalo i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kekahi iʻa. Ua kuhikuhi ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i nā ʻano he "close to Vulnerability".