He mau māla manuahi ka Australia
I ka ʻimi ʻana o nā meaʻai ʻono a puni ka makahiki.
Nālepela ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia -
Ma nā wahi āpau e neʻe ai ma lalo o ka papa alakaʻi.
"Ke hūnā ʻole nei ʻoe i ka ʻeke me ʻoe."
ʻAʻole nā hale kūʻai, ala, lalo i lalo!
- ʻAʻole no ka ʻai, no ka mole,
I loko ʻo ia e holo ai i nā pōlolo.
A ulu a ulu, e kōkua mai iaʻu
E nānā no ka meaʻai a me ka haki i ka neʻe ʻana o nā neʻe!
kiʻi mai ka pūnaewele
ʻO ka mole Marsupial nā lālā marsupials genus o ka papa mammals. ʻO kēia wale nō ka waiwai ma lalo o Australia.
Noho kēia mau holoholona i nā wao nahele, i nā wahi o ke kahe mau o ka muliwai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka holoholona ma ka ʻākau, komohana ʻākau, hema a me waena o nā ʻāpana o ke kūleʻa o Ausetalia.
I ka lōʻihi, hiki i ke kino o ka moʻo marsupial mole e loaʻa iā 15-18 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai ka 1,2 a 2.6 cm.
I ka manawa e ʻohi mau ai kēia mau holoholona i kahi mea, ʻike ka ʻike i ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻino i ko lākou ili i ka maka. No kēia, aia o ke kao pepeiao kahe iʻe ʻia i ka ihu. Me kēia polokalamu, paipai ka molila i ka honua a me ke one ma ke alo me ka hōʻino ʻole iā ia iho.
Hōʻalo ka ʻeha wāwae i ka hana o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻāina ākua a me ke one a no laila he mauwaliwali nā kiko o kēia mau wāwae.
Ke holo wikiwiki nei kēia holoholona, ʻokoʻa ka mea he dexterous lākou, no laila, ʻike maopopo i ka wahi a ka mole e ʻeli nei i kahi lua i ka manawa, hiki ʻole ke hopu.
E ʻimi ana ka meaʻai iā ia iho ma ka ʻaoʻao a ma lalo. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pōpoki, nā mea holo lele, ka larvae, hiki ke ʻai i nā ʻolua a me kā lākou papa. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka holoholona, he gluttonous loa ka holoholona. No laila, hoʻolōʻihi ka mole i kona manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai iā ia iho.
Hiki i ʻelua mau lālā ke ulu i loko o kahi ʻeke.
Ma vivo, hiki i kēia holoholona holoholona ke noho 1,5 mau makahiki.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona haʻalulu, ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka manawa e hele mai i ka maka, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka ua. Aia kona ʻūlū ma loko o ke one o ke one a me nā ʻeleʻele ma nā moena o ka muliwai. Noho hiamoe nā holoholona ma lalo.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā kime marsupial i nā ʻōnaehana mau, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka panana o ka nui o nā kaila ma hope ona. Me he mea lā e kaʻe ana ma ke one. Aia kona mau kaila i kahi hohonu o 20 a 100, maʻa a hiki i 250 cm.ʻO ka pālahalaha o ke kūpaʻa e pili ana i ka maka i hiki mai 15 ° C i ka hoʻoilo a hiki i 35 ° C i ke kauwela.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana pili a me ka biology o ka hoʻolaha o ka ʻano. Malia paha e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kāne like kekahi me kekahi no ka moʻo. ʻO ke kuhi, loaʻa kēia me ke kōkua o ko lākou ulu maikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻono. Hele paha ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā holoholona kū hoʻokahi me ke kōkua o nā kani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Kāleka
ʻOkoʻa ka mau moles ʻo Marsupial i kekahi mau marsupial e hoʻoili ʻia lākou i loko o kahi ʻohana ʻokoʻa. He kino ikaika a olakino lākou e hoʻopau ana i kahi kāʻei conical liʻiliʻi (12-26 mm). ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino he 15-18 cm wale nō, a ʻo ke kaupaona 40-70 g.ʻahi pokole ka ʻāʻī, ʻelima cervical vertebrae e hoʻopili ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻopili ʻia ka huelo i ka pā, me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana a me kahi hāpoki keratinized. ʻO nā wāwae ʻelima pōkole e kūpono i ka ʻeli. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā limau. ʻO nā manamana lima a me nā manamana lima no nā forelimb e paʻa pū ana me nā puʻupuʻu triangular nui, me kā lākou kōkua i nā kiʻalapa e ʻeli i ka lepo. Ma nā wāwae hind, hoʻowalewale ʻia nā wāwae, a hoʻokaʻā ʻia ke wāwae e hoʻokuʻu i ke one kahikaha. ʻO ka uhi hulu o ka moles marsupial he mānoʻomaʻo, palupalu a nani hoʻi. Ke hoʻololi nei kona kala mai ke keʻokeʻo a hiki i pinkish-brown a me ke gula. Hāʻawi ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka hao, ua waiwai i ke one ʻulaʻula o ka neoneo o ka Australia.
ʻO ke poʻo o nā molika marsupial he liʻiliʻi, conical. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo luna o ka ihu aia kahi pua lapalapa e hiki ai i nā kiole ke hoʻolei i ke one ma ka maka me ka ʻole kaʻino ʻana i ka ʻili. He liʻiliʻi nā nostrils, ʻili. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maka ma lalo (1 mm i ka diameter) ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻikepili a me nā haumana, a he rudimentary ka optic nerve. Eia nō naʻe, i ka mol marsupial, hoʻomohala ʻia nā kumu o nā kola lacrimal - irrigate lākou i ka lua o ka nasal a pale aku i kona haumia ʻana e ka honua. ʻAʻohe mau auricles o waho, akā aia ka liʻiliʻi (e like me ka 2 mm) ka hāmaka auditory ma lalo o ka hulu.
ʻO ka ʻili o ka kīkē o nā moles marsupial he liʻiliʻi, wehe ʻia i hope, i pale ʻia i ke one ke komo i loko. ʻO kahi mahele holoʻokoʻa ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i ʻelua peke, kēlā me kēia nipple hoʻokahi. Loaʻa i nā Males ka rudiment o ka pahu brood - kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻili ma ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻōpala, aia nā hōʻike loaʻa i ke ana o ka ʻōpū.
Mole Marsupial
ʻO Marsole ʻo mole (Notoryctes) he moʻomeheu o ka mammals marsupial a ʻo ka mea wale nō o ka marsupial o Australia i alakaʻi i ka helehelena o ke ola. Noho nā moles Marsupial i nā wao nahele i ka ʻaoʻao waena a me ka ʻaoʻao o Zap. ʻO Ausetalia, ma ka Northern Northern a me ka ʻaoʻao o ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika Hema, pinepine e hele mai ana ma waena o nā kuahiwi a me nā ʻiaina muliwai.
Aia he nui nā hanana o ka hens marsupial moles:
* Nā mea heluhelu notoryctes.
* Ka laupili Notoryctes.
ʻokoʻa lākou i ka laulā wale nō a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke kino. ʻOiai ka mea maoli i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻōpio marsupial mai ka poʻe aborigine mai ka wā kahiko, ua hele wale ia i ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka makahiki 1888, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai i ka mea kolohe ke kahu holoholona kahi hiamoe ma lalo o kahi laʻala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ʻo nā moles marsupial he like loa me nā moles gula ʻAmelika (Chrysochloridae), ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i ko lākou ʻohana. ʻO lākou ka mea e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā holoholona i pili i nā hui ʻōnaehana like ʻole, nā moles maʻamau ma Australia i kahi i hala ʻole, a ua noho nā moles marsupial i kā lākou nological ecological.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā moled Marsupial mai nā marsupial ē aʻe i loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi ʻohana ʻokoʻa. He kino ikaika a olakino lākou e hoʻopau ana me kahi lāʻī conical liʻiliʻi, mai 12 a 26 mm. ʻO ka loa o ke kino he 15-18 kenimika wale nō, a me ke kaupaona - 40-70 g.ʻahi pokole ka ʻāʻī, 5 cervical vertebrae i hoʻopili ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Ua paʻa ka huelo i ka pā, me nā unahi i nā ʻāpana a me kahi ʻoki keratinized. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā wāwae ʻelima pōkole no ka eli ʻana. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā limau. ʻO III a me FOUR nā manamana lima o nā forelimb ua paʻa me nā huluhulu manamana nui, me kā lākou kōkua i ka eli ʻana i ka lepo. Ma nā wāwae hind, hoʻowalewale ʻia nā wāwae, a hoʻokaʻā ʻia ke wāwae e hoʻokuʻu i ke one kahikaha. ʻO ka uhi hulu o ka moles marsupial he mānoʻomaʻo, palupalu a nani hoʻi. ʻOkoʻa kona kala ʻulaʻula a i ke pinkish-brown a me ke gula. Hāʻawi ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka hao, ua waiwai ia i ka one palalike o nā neoneo o Australia.
ʻO ke poʻo o nā molika marsupial he liʻiliʻi, cone, ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ihu he pu lā i loaʻa i ka lā, kahi e hiki ai i nā kiʻiona ke hoʻomoʻe i ke one i ka maka me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ka ʻili. He liʻiliʻi nā nostrils, ʻili. ʻO nā maka ma lalo iho, 1 mm ka lōʻihi, huna ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻikepili a me nā haumāna, a he rudimentary ka optic nerve. ʻOiai nā moles marsupial i hoʻomohala nui i nā punawai lacrimal - e hūlū lākou i ka lua o ka ihu a pale i kona lepo i ka honua. ʻAʻohe mau auricles o waho, eia nō naʻe kahi liʻiliʻi, e like me ka 2 degrees, wehe i ka auditory ma lalo o nā hulu.
ʻO ka ʻili o ka kīkē o nā moles marsupial he liʻiliʻi, wehe ʻia i hope, i pale ʻia i ke one ke komo i loko. ʻO kahi mahele piha ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i 2 mau peke, kēlā me kēia nipple hoʻokahi. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Males me ka rudiment o ka ʻeke pēpē - kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili ma ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻōpala, nā testes i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
ʻAʻole aneane ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā moles marsupial. Ma mua iho o ka hua o ka hua, ʻōlō ke kiko o nā wahine i nā ʻuʻuku paʻa loa. No ka mea he ʻeke nona nā 2 "compartment", lawe paha ʻo ia e lawe ʻole ma mua o 2 mau kālā.
Ma waho o ka wā moe, ʻaʻole ka eli o ka moʻo marsupial i nā lua hohonu. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia ka "ʻūlū" ma ka hele ʻana o ke one, ma kahi hohonu o 8 mau kenimita wale nō, i kekahi manawa ke hele ana i kahi hohonu o 2.5 mau mika, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻi ana i ka lepo me kona poʻo a me ka wāwae mua a kākā hou iā ia me nā wāwae hind. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ke kaila i hope o ka moʻo e neʻe ai, akā, kahi mau kaha o ke ʻano he triple ma ke alo o ke one.
Kahi neʻe kekahi ka neʻe ʻana i ka wikiwiki a kiʻekiʻe loa - kahi mamao loa e hiki ke hopu i kahi ʻiʻo. Ma kona ihu ua loaʻa pinepine iā ia ka mauʻa ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kona poʻo i ka eli ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana.
ʻO ka mole marsupial e alakaʻi i kahi helehelena ʻole o ke ola, he mau lā a me ka pō. I kekahi manawa ua hālāwai ma luna o ka lau, ʻoi aku ma hope o ka ua. E hoʻolele ia i lalo, a ma lalo o ka ʻāina. ʻO ke kumu o kāna ʻai ʻana i ka pōpū, nā mea inikona (nā manu, nā pīpī, nā kumulāʻau lāʻau) a me kā lākou huaʻī, nā ʻōpala o nā popo. He momona nui ka molime marsupial, a hoʻolōʻihi i ka hapa nui o ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai.
ʻO ka nui o ke ola o ka moʻo marsupial he 1,5 g; ʻaʻole maopopo i ka nui o nā molika marsupial. E pae paha paha lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e nā pōpoki puaʻa, nā alopeke, a me nā dingoes, a mai nā kikowaena o ka ʻāina ma hope o nā holo holoholona a me ke kālepa. I ka hoʻopio ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou noho lōʻihi, he mea huna i ka kūlohelohe, no kēia kumu ua ʻano nui nā noi ʻana a lākou koiana.
ʻO nā pilina phylogenetic o nā molika marsupial me nā marsupial e kū'ē. Hōʻike ʻia nā loiloi molekular i ka 1980s i ka ʻole o kā lākou pilina pili me nā pūʻulu o nā marsupial i kēia mau lā a he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia ma mua o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻOiai ʻo kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona morphological e hōʻike ana i ko lākou pilina me nā bandicoots.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū hae o nā moles marsupial i ka makahiki 1985 ma nā waihona limona ma Queensland. Hele lākou mai ka Miocene. ʻOiai, e like me nā hana hou o ka ʻāina kime, ʻaʻole i noho ka mau molika o ka marsupial i ka wao nahele, akā i loko o nā puʻu, e ʻeli nei i nā wahi i loko o ka ulu lāʻau.
ʻO kekahi
ʻAʻole maopopo ka helu o nā moles marsupial. ʻO ka manawa paha, ʻeha lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā pua kīwila, nā alopeke a me nā dingoes, a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lepo ma hope o ka holo ʻana o nā holoholona a me nā kaʻa kaʻa. I ka hoʻopio ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou noho lōʻihi, he mea huna i ka nohona, no laila mea ʻike maoli lākou i kā biology a me ka koiʻina.
ʻO nā pilina phylogenetic o nā molika marsupial me nā marsupial e kū'ē. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina molekular i ka makahiki 1980, ʻaʻole lākou e pili i nā pilina pili me nā hui ʻē aʻe o nā marsupial o kēia wā a ʻoiai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona morphological i ko lākou pilina pili me nā bandicoots.
ʻO ka iwi o nā kūpuna o nā molika marsupial i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1985 ma nā waihona lemona i Queensland. Hele lākou mai ka Miocene. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā ʻōkuhi ʻana o nā panina, ʻaʻole i noho nā molika ʻōpala i loko o ka waoakua, akā i ka ululā o ka ua, ʻeli nei i nā wahi i loko o ka ulu lāʻau.