ʻO kekahi manu nui a nā manu migratory hoihoi nui (mai lat. Grus grus). ʻO ka huaheʻe hina wale nō kēlā manu nona ka uwē a mākou i lohe ai i ka pūnāwai i ka wā o ko lākou holo ʻana i nā ʻāina mahana e like me Africa, India, Iran, Iraq. ʻO kēia nō ka manu i kani ʻia i nā mele a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu nui o ka moʻolelo.
Mai nā mea maikaʻi loa e pili ana i nā hīnaʻi Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiʻi aʻe:
- e ʻike nei kēia mau manu i kekahi mau kāne a i kekahi wā ola (ʻoi aku ma lalo o kēia)
- ua ʻowī ʻia lākou i ka ʻikepili no ka hilahila,
- ka mea kanu ʻāmi i loko o ka inoa ma hope o ke ʻano huhū manu.
Nui kekahi ʻano o kēia mau manu, akā ʻo nā mea maʻamau a he nui nā mau poʻo hina hina. E noʻonoʻo i ko lākou ola, nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hou, nā ʻike hoihoi a me nā mea hou aku.
Kāleka
ʻOkoʻa nā kamaiki a me nā wahine. ʻAno hina ka kala o nā manu makua. ʻO kahi wale nō o nā hulu hulu i hoʻōla ʻia i keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻohe hulu o ke poʻo o ke poʻo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ʻili o ke ʻano o nā ʻulaʻula i luna o ko lākou mau poʻo. Ma ke ala, ʻike pololei ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i kūʻokoʻa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻohiʻona:
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻāpana, ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ka ʻala.
- He ʻike ʻili keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo, e kahe ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao occipital a ma waho o ka ʻāʻī.
- He manu nui ka pahu. Ua hele pinepine kona kiʻekiʻe i 115 cm, akā heʻu liʻiliʻi loa ia.
- ʻO Wingspan a i hoʻokahi mau mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kāne he ʻeono paha haneli, ʻo ka wahine hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi.
- Beak nui - e pili ana i 30 cm.
- He ʻulaʻula hina ka lei ʻōpio'ōpiopio me nā ʻōlelo ʻulaʻula.
- Kuke ʻia ka wāwae o ka manu i kahi kala ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO ka kala hina o kēia mau manu e ʻae i ka masking ma ka nahele mai nā ʻenemi nui.
Pākuʻi Crane a me nā hanana pālua
Hoʻohui ʻōpiopio hoomaka mai Aperila a Iulai. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi mau pālua iā lākou ma ke ʻano he holo ʻana ma mua o ka lele i kahi o ka lawena a me ka hoʻoilo. I ka hōʻea ʻana, hoʻonohonoho kēia mau manu hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano o nā ʻano hīnaʻi puʻu, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana, lele ana i nā ʻēheu a me ke ʻano he kilopani koʻikoʻi. Nui nā kuleana o nā pāʻani ma ka pālani manu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili pū i kā lākou hana hou a me ka helu.
E koho ʻo Cranes i kahi ma kahi o ka pūnana ma kahi o ka wai. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā mākeke paʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ke kane a me ka wahine i kekahi i kahi kūpono i kahi e palekana ai ke hoʻomake i ka hua hou i ka leo lōʻihi. Me ke kani hoʻokahi, e hoʻomaopopo lākou i kā lākou male o ka pilikia e pili mai ana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Pēlā e pale i ko lākou ʻāina.
Hoʻomaka ka manu e waiho i nā hua i ka Mei. ^ E Ha yM. Nui nā hua manu. Mai kahi ʻekolu. ʻAno ke kāne a male ka wahine i ka wā pono. Ma kahi o ka hatching he 31 lā. A ma hope wale mai o kēia manawa ua hānau ʻia kahi hua hou.
Pākuʻi nā mākua ʻelua i nā moa, nāna i komo pū me kā lāua kahu. ʻO nā lā mua, ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā paona liʻiliʻi. A laila hoʻomaka ka hānai ikaika a ma hope wale nō o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka momona.
I ka wā mua, ʻo ke aniani o nā poki ma kahi o 560 mau grama. Ma ka lā 16 o ke ola - 800 ka nui o ke ola, a ma ka 26th - 1350, a mei mālie i ka hiʻona o nā pākeke.
Ma hope iho o ka hānau ʻana, ua uhi piha ʻia nā pipi i ka fluff. ʻO nā pua i luna i nā ʻēheu a ma ke kino e ulu i ke kolu o ke ola o ke ola.
Ke hoʻoikaika nui nei nā cranes liʻiliʻi, lawe mai nā mākua iā lākou mai ka pūnana i ka ʻohe a me nā nahele. I ka hiki koke nā manu e lele a lele aʻe i ka lewa, lele nā mākua me lākou e ʻimi i ʻai i ka ʻai, kahi ʻōpala. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, nā manu ma hope o ka hānai ʻana e hoʻi i ka ʻohe.
I ka hoʻomaka mua o Iulai, ua hoʻomaka nā moa keiki ma kā lākou āpau. Ma ka hopena o ka mahina, e hoʻi ana ko lākou mau mākua i ke ʻano ola. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hāʻule, ke hōʻuluʻulu nei nā cranes i nā hipa a hoʻomākaukau no ka holo i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu. Ma kēia ʻohana ʻohana ua pau nā pipi. Mai kēia manawa, ola lākou i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻ .leʻele a Kakou Crane
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ke ʻano o nā kaila hina ʻimi lākou i kā lākou aloha i hoʻokahi a no ke ola. ^ E Ha yM. Kēia lohi loa nā ʻano like ʻole. I kekahi manawa e make ana kahi wahine a kāne paha. No kēia hihia wale nō, loaʻa ka manu ola i ka hoa ola ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi ʻaoʻao ke hana i ka hopena ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa keiki.
E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma luna, a ʻo ka neʻe hina hina, i kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina, e kāhea ana i ka wahine e mare aku i nā hula, hoʻomaka ka hula ʻana ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i loko o kahi ʻohana. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho pono i nā hula hula a hiki i ka pau ʻana. E mālama nui lākou i kēia manawa. No laila, e nānā i kēlā mea kupanaha hiki wale mai i kahi mamao. ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho nā ʻōiwi i nā hipa ma kā lākou mea honu;
ʻO kēia mau poʻomanaʻo o nā moʻolelo he nui e huki i nā mea ʻuʻuku mai nā ʻano ākea ʻē aʻeakā ʻoi aku pinepine ʻia mai ka pulopulu. E kūkulu wikiwiki a me ka mālama ʻole. ʻO kēlā me kēia pālolo, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi puʻulu lau o ka ʻiliʻulu ma kahi kokoke. I loko o ka nano kahi tray i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Noho nā manu kahiko i ko lākou ʻano kahiko, kūkulu ʻia a paʻa i nā nū i noho ai lākou no nā makahiki he nui. I kēlā me kēia makahiki hoʻonui nā manu iā lākou.
He laulā nui loa ka noho kaulike. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka kahi diameter o hoʻokahi mika. Pono lākou i kahi ākea nui, no ka mea, i nā nika liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pono e kūpono nā manu nui.
He aha nā mea aniani e ʻai ai
Ke hānai nui nei nā cranes i nā mea kanu mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā hua like ʻole, nā hua o nā mea kanu, nā hua ʻai o nā hua lāʻau, nā wana o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, nā kuʻu cereal, ʻoi loa ka palaoa, nā iʻa a me nā ʻaka. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻai nā cranes i nā pepeke like ʻole, nā pōpoki, nā ʻūhini, nāhelehele, nā kiʻi a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
I ka hāʻule, e ʻai kēia mau manu i nā mahina.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole lākou koho picky i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hapa ka mea ʻai i ka ʻala palaoa, akā ʻo ka mea nui no lākou, ʻo ia ka pī. ʻO nā meaʻai o ka ʻeke hina i ʻokoʻa i nā mahina ʻokoʻa. I ke kauwela ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā rana, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi. I ka lawe pio ʻana, hānai nā cranes i ka ʻai, nā hua ʻai palaoa a me nā ʻiʻo minced.
ʻO nā meaʻai o nā kalakena, pono hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo he koʻikoʻi nui ka wai no lākou. ʻOi aku ka mea nui ma mua o ka meaʻai paʻa. Ua inu nui lākou. ʻAʻohe wai ma kahi kokoke, ʻaʻa nā manu i nā manawa he nui i ka lā.
Inā noho ka ʻai i nā kalapu, hānai ʻia lākou, e like me ke ʻano he mana, piha piha. Ma nā hale kanu, ʻo ka kumu nui o ka meaʻai no ka ʻai ʻana ka hānai no nā moa. Eia kekahi, ʻai nā manu i ka meaʻai ola, nā iʻa, keʻa kime i hui pū ʻia me nā hua pā i kanu ʻia, kāloti a me nā mea momona hoʻohui.
Hoʻopuka a hoʻoili
ʻO ka hapanui kukuna palu ʻo Lūkini a me Scandinavia. I kēia lā aia ma kahi o 250 tausani o kēia mau manu.. ^ E Ha yM. Akā, ke hoʻomau nei ko lākou heluna ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lako like ʻole, e hoʻomaloʻo ana i waho o ka mākaʻi, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiai a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, make nā cranes mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana ai nā mea mahiʻai e pale i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o kēia mau manu, inā pana lākou, a laila ma ka nui liʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole pili kēia me kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i kā lākou mau helu.
E kākau inoa ʻia nā poli manuahi i ka Red Red Book a ua mālama ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻāina o nā ʻāina he nui. Mālama lākou e nā kānāwai i nā migratory migratory a me nā manu ʻauʻau. Ke papa ʻia ana ka hopu ʻana a hopu i nā ʻīlio hae. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pale ʻana a ma ka manawa o ka helu ʻana i nā cranes i loko o ka Red Red Book, ʻo ka helu o kēia mau manu e hoʻoemi ʻia mai kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻElua mau ʻano o nā ʻāpana hina hina i Rusia - komohana a me ka hikina. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻohe like lāua i kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole i aʻo pono ʻia ka palena ʻāpana a me ke kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻano. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka palena e hoʻokaʻawale ana i kēia mau subspecies e holo ana ma ka ʻaoʻao Ural. Noho ka subspecies komohana o ka cranes ma ʻEulopa Russia, a me ka hikina - ma ʻĀsia. No ka hoʻoilo, he lele mai ka ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina a lele i ʻApelika. A mai hikina a i ʻĀkau ʻĀina a i Kina paha. Hoʻokahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ma Kaukaole.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi loa mai ke ola o nā cranes - huhū nā manu huki i kā lākou hulu me ka ʻili a i ʻole ka palupalu i ka wā o ka hatching hua a me ka hānai o nā moa. ʻAi kēia iā lākou e hūnā maikaʻi iā lākou iho a hūnā mai nā mea predator he nui.
He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ke neʻe ʻana aku o ka puaʻa. Pēlā ʻo ia e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka ai i ka holo ʻana me ka holo ʻana o ka makani. Hoʻāliʻi ka pahu i kona mau ʻae ma mua o ka lawe ʻana.
Hōʻike lōʻihi nā cranes hina. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻi hou i nā lā o ka dinosaurs (ma kahi o 40-60 miliona mau makahiki i hala). A laila ua mahalo nui ʻia lākou. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka mea ʻo Pithecanthropus - ua kākau mua nā kānaka i kēia mau manu ma luna o nā pali. Hōʻike ʻia paha kēia ma ka ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua hui pū nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā mea huakaʻi i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā cranes.
ʻO ka hua momi liʻiliʻi he belladonna, ʻo ka mea nui ka mea nui no Ausetalia a me India, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo ka Iapana. I Armenia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka manure he hōʻailona no kēia ʻāina. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā cranes i 20 mau makahiki ma ka wao nahele, i ke pio ʻana, noho nui nā manu i kahi o nā makahiki he 80 mau, ʻoiai loa kahi lelo i waena o nā manu.
Hōʻike Crane
Ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimiʻikepili i ka ʻike ʻia i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka huki o ka manu launa i nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi ʻia i nā koena o ka honua. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ia, inā paha ma ʻAmelika Hema a me nā expanses o Antarctica.
He manu nani nā Cranes i na poʻe hoihoi i ka mileniuma. Ma Kina, no ka laʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ke ola lōʻihi a me ka naʻauao. I loko o ʻAigupita kahiko, hoʻomana ʻia nā cranes he "manu solar" a mōhai akula i nā akua. Ma Sweden ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo "Bird of Fortune" no ka mea ua hoʻi lākou me ka lā, wela a me ka wai puna. Ma Iapana nō hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻane e hōʻailona me kahi hauʻoli. Akā naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻai ʻia ai.
ʻO ka nui o ke kino o ka crane mai 1 - 1.20 mika. Hōʻailona pinepine ʻia ʻo ia me ka heron, akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka crane. ʻO nā mākaʻikaʻi liʻiliʻi loa - ka belladonna, hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 80-90 kenimika wale nō. ʻOiai ke kau ʻole ʻana o ko lākou kaupaona ma mua o 3 kilograms, nā ʻēheu o kēia papa liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku paha ʻo iaʻo 1,3-1,6 mika, hiki iā ia ke nānā aku i nā mea hanohano a nani hoʻi i ka lele.
ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi nunui o ka ʻohana ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea nona ka Australia Crane, nona ke kaumaha, hiki i 6 kilograms, me ke kiʻekiʻe o 145-165 cm.ʻO ka hina hina, ʻo kona mau ʻēheu he e pili ana i 2-2.4 mika, ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻano nui i waena o kēia mau manu.
ʻO ke ola, ke ʻano
E alakaʻi ana ka manu Crane i kahi ola, maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka hele wale ana o ka lele i kā lākou mele i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoe koke ka lua i ka wā a ka lā. I ka pō, hiamoe lākou, ʻākoakoa e hōʻuluʻulu pū i ka hui (heʻe o ʻumi mau kaukani mau kanaka) e kū ana ma luna o kekahi wāwae i waenakonu o ka papa wai papau. ʻO kēia neʻe ʻana mai ke kahakai e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke pale iā ia iho i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea ʻino terestrial, kahi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, lurk ma nā wahi āpau. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻīlio raccoon, nā ʻino a me nā ʻalopeke e hoʻopau i nā nane. Hiki ke helu ʻia nā ʻaeto a me nā manu he mau ʻāpana nui o kēia manu.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne male i nā wahine e ʻā ai nā kāne i hāʻule i ka mahina o Pepeluali. ʻO ka kumu, ʻo ke kaʻina hana e hāpai i nā māpala mamao. Kūkulu ʻia kahi kahua huluhulu mai nā ʻuʻu kanu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka lepo, e kau ana i ka noho ma kahi puʻu.
He mau mea palaka nā cranes. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e noho i loko o nā pūʻulu nui, e kaʻana like i kahi ʻāina no ka hiamoe, ʻai a me ka noho. ʻOiai i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka panina i nā manawa mahana, noho lākou.
He holoholona makaʻala ka crane, a i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai i kahi ʻenemi aloha ʻole loa ma mua o 300 mika, holo ka manu. Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i nā loli i loko o kā lākou mau mea noho, no ka mea ke noho mau nei lākou ma loko o nā nests mau no ke ola. E lele nā Cranes i kā lākou hale hoʻoilo ma ʻelua ala ʻokoʻa: nā manu mai Finlandia a me Rūsia kai a lele i ka ʻĀpana ʻAmelika ma o Hungary. ʻO nā Cranes mai Scandinavia a me Central Europa e neʻe aku i Farani a me Sepania, i kekahi manawa a hiki i ʻApelika Komohana. I ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, noho mau kekahi o nā luna ma Kelemānia. I kahi hipa hipa manuahi, hiki iā lākou ke 'ano like' ia e nā hōkū male formally a ho'ōku i ka uē. ʻO kekahi manawa i ka lele i hiki ai i ka mahana ke haʻalele i nā manu no 2-3 mau lā no ka hoʻomaha a me kahi hoʻomaha o ka ikehu mai ka meaʻai.
I ke kauwela, no 2 mau wiki, ʻaʻole hiki i nā cranes ke lele, no ka mea, ua hoʻolōʻihi lākou i nā hulu.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke kolo?
He olakino ke poʻo o ka momona hina ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. Hōʻike ʻia kēia manu ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pālua no ke ola. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mea hōʻike e noho ana ka moʻo pio i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a hiki i ka 42 makahiki. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hiki ʻole paha lākou i ke hele ʻana i kēlā ʻano makahiki e holomua nei: ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi e noho nei kēia manu ma ka awelika a hiki i ka 25-30 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻano ʻano kuke
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 340 tausani mau cranes. Akā ma Europe wale nō he 45,000 mau pāluahele pua, a ma Kelemānia - he aneane wale nō o 3 mau pālua. Aia ma kahi o 15 mau ʻano ʻano cranes. Hoʻokaʻawale lākou lākou i 4 genera. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Cranes e like me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano, aia wale nō 3 o lākou.
ʻO ka mea mua - ʻo ka papa nui ka helu India, Japanese, American, Australian, a me ka shingle crane hoʻi. Nā hui No. 2 i hui pū ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio, ma waena o lākou: ʻo Kanada, Siberian Cranes, Grey, Daurian, a me nā manu ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kolu ka mea i hana ʻia ai nā manu liʻiliʻi, e komo pū ʻia ai ka paraʻo, ʻeleʻele, a me ka belladonna. I ka hui ʻekolu ke komo pū ʻia me nā lewa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me nā lewa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hikina.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu Australia kahi ʻelena kiʻekiʻe loa o nā hae cranes. No nā manu omnivorous, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai o kekahi mau moʻomeheu.
ʻO nā pili o nā lehele ʻEulopa ka lei lei lei, nā lei paʻa i lei ʻia a keʻokeʻo a me nā heiau i ulaula ʻia. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma kahawai Siberia kahiki, ke ola nei ka Kanada, a ma Aferika - ka puaʻa i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka crane kekahi o nā ʻano heʻokeʻaka loa, a hiki ke kaupaʻa a hiki i ke 9 kilogram. He wā lōʻihi kēia, hiki i ka noho pio ʻana ke ola a hiki i 60 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole i hāʻule ka hope o nā kahe o Inia ma hope o ka nui, e hiki ana i ka paona o 9 a 12 mau kilogram.
ʻO ka manu ka manuahi ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o nā ʻano 15, e makemake i ka noho ma nā wahi ākea a i pale ʻia e ka kānāwai.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano kūʻokoʻa no ka catfish kāna 2 mauʻano leathery lōʻihi e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻāʻī. He mau pasangan o ia ʻano ʻano i kaulana loa i ko lākou ʻano monogamous.
ʻO ka lua ka nui o ka heluna hina hina. ʻO ka White Crane, a i ʻole Siberian Crane, kahi kamaʻāina kūloko o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Rūsia. Ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i kona mau hoahele me kahi ʻōpala keʻokeʻo a me kahi lāʻau hoʻulaʻu ʻulaʻula, ma muli o nā mea i ʻālika ʻia o ke ʻano kino ke ʻano he lokomaikaʻi ʻo ia.
ʻO ka mokulele Daurian, he mea noho o Asia hikina, ʻike pū ʻia. Hoʻopili i kahi kino slate-hina a i ka manawa like me ka hoʻopiha i ke kao keʻokeʻo e kū ana mai ke poʻo a i nā ʻēheu, a me kahi palena ʻulaʻula a puni nā maka. Ua lōʻihi nā wāwae o kēia manu, uhi ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula aila.
Ke kaulana nei ʻo Sandhill Crane no kona kino ākea, a me ka ʻeneke i loaʻa i ka ʻāpana ʻoneʻele no kona kaila ʻānō. ʻO Belladonna ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ʻo ka inoa o nā cranes.
No Crane o ka parada kekahi no nā ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, aia ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī nui loa.
ʻO ka heiau nani ka nani loa o nā ʻano ʻike a pau loa. He lei hulu manu hulu e hoʻonani i kona poʻo. ʻIke like me ka hulu kalaiwa hikina. ʻO ko lākou ʻokoʻa i kahi ākea ka nui i loko o kahi ʻano teritorial.
ʻO ka Black Crane - kahi i noho nui i ka ʻāpana o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ʻo kona hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa loa i lei lei bald-bristly ma luna o kona poʻo.
ʻO Habitat, noho
ʻO ka manu ʻEulopa kekahi o nā manu migratory, i ka hāʻule i kekahi mau wahi (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg) a ʻumi kaukani mau kanaka e lele mai ana i nā noho malulu, e hui pū ana i ka waena oʻOkakopa ma Farani, Sepania a ʻApika paha. I ka lele ʻana o nā cranes i ka hema, e lohe lōʻihi ana kā lākou uwē ʻana ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻohana ma mua o ka lewa.
I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia ka pele kaila i ka hapa nui o Europa. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia lākou wale nō ma Northern a Eastern Europe wale nō, a me Rusia a me Eastern Siberia. I ke komohana a me ke komohana o ʻEulopa, ua nalowale lākou i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Ma ka hikina a me ka ʻākau o Kelemānia, hiki nō iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kekahi mau holoholona, inā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka wā o ka holo ʻana i Sepania, ma Farani a me ke komohana ʻākau. I ka pūnāwai a me ka hāʻule, kahi ma kahi o 40,000 a 50,000 cranes i kēia manawa a ʻike hou ʻia i ka lewa a puni ka Central Europe. Hiki i ka poʻe ke kūleʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi o ka hoʻomaha interbranch ma ke komohana o Kelemānia.
Pono nā Cranes i nā wahi ākea me nā kāwā a me nā ʻōpala no ke ola, kahi i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā meaʻai. I nā wahi hoʻoilo, e ʻimi ana lākou i nā wahi me nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Hiki ke loaʻa wale nā Cranes i nā wahi haʻahaʻa, akā aia nō hoʻi i nā kuahiwi - i kekahi manawa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 2 mano mau mika.
Ka ʻai ʻana o Crane
Hiki i nā Cranes ke ʻai i ka meaʻai o nā kumu kanu a me nā holoholona. ʻO nā lāʻau kanu, nā mea kanu, nā lau a me ke aʻa i ko lākou makemake. ʻAi kekahi o nā cranes i nā manamana, nā huaʻai a me nā mea cereals. I ka wā o ka wā e ulu ai nā pēpē, e ulu ai ke koi no nā kime, ka ʻalaha a me nā pepeke nui.
ʻO nā keikikāne ʻuhane, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai ka lā mua o ke ola e kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa nei i ka ʻimi ponoʻi i kā lākou ʻai. Eia naʻe, lawe mau i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka pēpē o ke pēpē kekahi i nā wahi o nā mea kanu, palaoa, ʻuala, ʻuʻina, pepeke, nā momi liʻiliʻi (e like me nā kiʻi) a me nā hua liʻiliʻi.
Pahu a keiki
I ka pūnāwai, ua huki nā luai kāne i ke mele no ke ʻano o ka wahine i koho ʻia. Ua puhi ʻo ia, lele ʻo ia i kona kino a me ka ʻāʻī i kahi laina pololei, hoʻopā ʻia me kona mau ʻēheu a lele paha. ʻO ka hulahula me ka hīmeni kūikawā. ʻO ka kani like ʻana o ka paipu ka mea like ʻole, he paʻakikī ia e hoʻohilahila iā lākou me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kūhea o ke aloha e like me ke kaumaha, me ke kaumaha. Akā i ka manawa like, hiki i nā cranes ke loaʻa iā ia a me ka squeal. ʻO ke mele ʻana o kēia manu e hiki ke lohe i nā manawa ʻē aʻe.
I ka hopena o ʻApelila a iʻa mua paha o Mei, e hala ka wahine i ʻekolu mau ʻoliva ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Kāhea ka kala, ka laulā a me ke ʻano i ka ʻano o ke kumuʻi. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, aia wale nā hua 2 ma kahi paʻa, akā waiho ʻia kekahi mau huaʻehā a 9 mau huaʻai i ka manawa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūnana ma luna o nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala a me nā māla wai, a ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu.
Hele nā mākua ʻelua i ka paʻi ʻana i nā hua. Ma hope o nā hebedoma 3-4, ua hānau ʻia nā pēpē ʻulaʻulaʻula, nā wahi i lalo i uhi ʻia. Aia nō ka manawa incubation e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka momona.
I kekahi lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā ʻōpio ke haʻalele i ka nīnū. I ka mua, loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua, a laila e hele i kahi mākaʻina noiʻi e hui pū ʻia me lākou. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine pū me ka makuahine hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka makua kāne o ka lua. I hoʻokahi mau hebedoma ma hope iho, e haʻalele nā cranes makua i ko lākou home, a e mākaukau wale nō lākou no ka hana kūʻokoʻa ʻana i nā hua ma hope o 7 mau makahiki.
Nā Nānā
- ↑ Archibald, G. W. 1976a. Ka Unison Call of Cranes ma ke ʻano he ʻĀkena ʻĀpana hoʻohana pono ʻia. Ph. D. diss., Halekula ma Cornell, Ithaca, N. Y. 167 pp.
- ↑ Archibald, G. W. 1976b. ʻO ke ʻauhau ʻo Crane e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke hui unison. Hoʻolaha. Intl. Hana Kahikahana Crane: 225-251.
- ↑ Krajewski, C. 1989. Nā pilina phylogenetic ma waena o nā cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae) e pili ana i ka hybridization DNA. Na Auk 106: 603-618.
Pūnaewele Wikimedia. 2010.
E nānā i nā mea "Cranes" i loko o nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe:
Kānāwai - Crane ... kahi hopohopo wahaʻōlelo Russian
ʻO nā kumu - ka ʻohana manu o ka ʻoka Crane. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe mai 90 a 155 cm.I ka lele ma ko lākou lele ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae a me ka ʻāʻī e like me ka hua lāʻau, akā ʻaʻole like me lākou ʻaʻole noho i nā lāʻau. 15 mau pālahalaha, pālahalaha. Ke emi nei ka helu. ʻO 7 mau ʻano, e komo pū ana me Siberian Crane, Japanese a me ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
NANOHANA - ka ʻohana manu o ka ʻoka Crane. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe mai 90 a 155 cm.I ka lele ma ko lākou lele ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae a me ka ʻāʻī e like me ka hua lāʻau, akā ʻaʻole like me lākou ʻaʻole noho i nā lāʻau. 15 mau pālahalaha, pālahalaha. Ke emi nei ka helu. ʻO 7 mau ʻano, e komo pū ana me Siberian Crane, Iapana a ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kokoʻo - nui ʻO nā ʻohana o nā manu Crane kauoha. Ke Aniani o Eparaima. T.F. Efremova. 2000 ... ʻO ka papalaumaha Modern Modern o ka Lūkini Language Efremova
Kokoʻo - (Gruidae) ʻohana ʻohana manu kopu (Grallae). Lōʻihi ka beak, ua kuʻalaha ʻia ma ka ʻāina o nā ihu, kona mau lalo a me lalo a me kahi ʻōpū i puʻupuʻu i ka waena, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka fossae i mua a i lalo, i lalo a me nā ʻuʻupu, lōʻihi loa ka ʻāʻī ma mua o ka metatarsus, ... ... Brockhaus a me Efron Encyclopedia.
ʻO nā kumu - neat (Karenin), lōʻihi (Leskov), kanihe (Korianika), hina (Karenin), mauʻu ākea (Nadson) mau puke pule o ka haʻi ʻōlelo Lūkini. M: Ka mea i hānai i ka pā hale o kāna ʻoihana, ka Association of Sorrows, A. A. Levenson. A. L. Zelenetskii. 1913 ... ʻO kā muke a epithets
Kokoʻo - Kāleʻa Kālea. ʻO Toronto Zoo, Kanada. ʻO CRANES, kahi ʻano nui o nā manu nui (ʻohana crane). Ke kiʻekiʻe a 1.5 m, nā wāwae a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi, beak pololei, koi. 10 mau puaʻa ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema. I nā manawa pinepine aʻe i ka nahele me nā pā nahele, i nā ulu lāʻau, liʻiliʻi pinepine ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kokoʻo - (Gruidae) ʻohana ʻohana o nā manu Cranes (See Cranes). Nā manu nui me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi manu e kū ana mai 90 cm (J. monk) i ka 155 cm (Indian J.). ʻO ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka wāwae he hapa o ka plumage. ʻO nā kūpeʻe alo ... Nui Soviet Encyclopedia
Kokoʻo - (Gruidae) ʻohana ʻohana manu kopu (Grallae). Lōʻihi ka beak, ua kuʻalaha ʻia ma ka ʻāina o nā ihu, kona mau pou poʻokela a me lalo a me kahi olo i lalo loa i ke ka waena, i lalo ka ihu, a me ka ʻāwīwī ʻia, ʻāwīwī aku ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o ke ana, lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka metatarsus ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. ʻO Brockhaus a me I.A. Efron
NANOHANA - ka ʻohana manu manu. like-crane. Mea kiʻekiʻe mai 90 a 155 cm. Ma ka lele e lele lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae a me ka ʻāʻī e like me nā moʻo, akā ʻaʻole like me lākou ʻaʻole noho i nā lāʻau. 15 mau pālahalaha, pālahalaha. Helu ke huhū nei. 7 nā ʻano, me ka komo Siberian Crane, Iapana a me ʻEleʻele, i loko ... ... mōʻaukala kūlohelohe. ʻ .lelo Pelekane
Nā koho ʻē aʻe:
Kanaana "Laguna"
Ke kumu lawaiʻa "Volga Coast"
ʻO nā waihona lawaiʻa a me nā hui o ka māhele Saratov
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Hare pepeiao"
Kanaana "Polyanka"
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Metalist"
Lawaiʻa "On Kalinikha"
Hale Kūʻaiʻai "Kaʻi hale hale"
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Manor" Mountain Air "
Kikowaena punahele ʻo Chardym-Dubrava
Kalua
ʻO ka hale ʻōpiopio "Golden trout"
Ke kumu lawaiʻa "Valley"
Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa "Foreland"
Kanaana Hut "Hut"
ʻO ka puke pāʻālua "Expanse"
ʻO ka Mahiai ʻo Vershinin Trout
ʻO ka keʻena hana "Prirechnoe"
Kaumakaiwa Hiona "
E Lime Makahola "Forest Fairy Tale"
Kaumaha Kelī "Berezina Rechka"
Kelepa waiwai ʻo "Big Tavolozhka"
Mokuloa "Windrose"
Mokuloa "Oriole"
Kaumaka "Luck"
ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov
ʻO ka manu lehu hina (lat. Grus grus) he manu nui ia e noho ana ma ʻEulopa a me Asia, ʻo ka lua ka nui o nā hua mokulele. ʻO kahi holoholona laka maʻamau, maʻamau o ka manu maʻamau o ka moku Saratov. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke aneli a puni ka ʻāina maʻamau o nā kaila hina i ka wā o ka ʻohi a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka puna wai i nā wahi hānai ʻākau. I kēia manawa, loaʻa nā holoholona nui o kēia ʻano holoholona ma luna o ka ʻāina āpau o ka ʻāina Saratov, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kāna mau ʻāina hema. Hiki iā Crane ke lele a piʻi i 800 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke lohe ʻia kona kani ʻana i kahi lōʻihi loa. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka elongated trachea, ka puka ʻana i ka puka i ke keel o ka sternum, e lawelawe ʻia ana he mau resonator ikaika e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka leo. Me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo antiphonal duet ma ke kula ākea, hoʻopiʻi ka leo, a me nā ʻūʻī ʻana iho, ua hui pū ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi mau pūmiki hōʻailona. Nā ʻōwili o nā ʻōlaʻi, ʻōwili kelepona i nā ʻūpā, a. - nā ʻano kō o ke ʻano a me ke kani kūloko.
I loko oʻEulopa kahiko, ua mālama ʻia ʻo ia me he "manu lele" a kaumaha ʻia i nā akua me nā hanana nui. I loko o Helene kahiko, ua hui pū nā ʻelele hina me Apollo, Demeter, a me Hermes. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou he mau ʻelele o ka mālamalama a me ka pūnāwai, a me kahi hōʻailona o ke kiaʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO Homer, ka mea kākau o ka Iliad a me Odyssey, ua noʻonoʻo ia e lele kēia mau manu i ka hema i ke hoʻoilo i nā waihona o ka Nile, kahi e ʻai ai lākou i nā limgmies dwarf me ka momona. Ma Kina a me Iapana, ʻo nā cranes he hōʻike i ka lōʻihi, ke akamai a me ka hauʻoli.
He manu nui ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi. Ke kaumaha o ke kino - 3.0-6.1 kg, ka loa lōʻihi - 114-130 cm, ʻēheu - 52-66 cm, beak - 10.5-18.0 cm. ʻO ke poʻo hina ka laulā. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo a ka mahele i ka pāpale o ke poʻo, kahi pale ʻokoʻa o ka ʻula ʻulaʻula (nā mākua wale nō). U hulu hulu ke poʻo o nā manu ʻōpio a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻānō me kahi hiʻi ʻulaʻula. Kaele ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele mua ʻEleʻele nā wāwae. ʻO Beak ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kala hina, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi kumu uliuli. ʻEleʻele nā maka. ʻAʻole ia e like me Demoiselle Crane, ʻaʻole ia he puʻu o nā hulu keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka maka (ʻoiai ke keokeo ka ʻāʻī a me ka plumage ma hope o ka maka). ʻOi ka poʻe ʻōpio i kahi kalaʻula ākea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e lawe i kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
Aia a hiki i ka 1970s Ka hālāwai pōpoki hina i waena o ka ʻāina Saratov, koe wale nō i nā ʻāina Zaerghiz o ka Bank Left. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau hālāwai ma nā ʻano e pili ana i ka manawa nīnū e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o nā mea ʻole pili ʻole. I ka manawa, ma ke kumu o nā hālāwai maʻamau o nā ʻaina kīlea i ka wahi o ka wahi nui o ka pālepa ma kahi kokoke i ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina ʻo Mayak Revolution ma ke kīʻaha o Ozinsky, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ʻano e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau manu i ka laʻu Trans-Volga.
I ka lua o ka hapa o ka makahiki i hala, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka hana hou o ka momona hina no ke kahawai wai o nā kahawai Khopra a me Medveditsa i ka ʻāina ʻo Balashovsky, Romanovsky a me Lysogorsky mau wahi. Nui nā hālāwai i ʻike ʻia e kēia mau manu i ka wā o ka hana hānau ʻana ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke Kaʻāina Kūleʻa i hiki ai ke hoʻonui iā lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻia o ka lei kala i loko o Atkarsky, Petrovsky, Romanovsky a me Hāmilovsky.
I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau wahi paʻa o ka ulu manu ʻana ma ka ʻAeke pololei: ʻike ʻia e nūnū ma nā wahi āpau a me nā awāwa o ke kahawai ʻo Don basin, ma nā wahi e pili ana i nā kauhale o Urusovo a me Gol Golīno, Rtishchevsky.
I ka wā o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻike ʻia i nā wahi maloʻo maloʻo a maloʻo hoʻi: nā wahi kai wai ʻole, nā kahawai wai, nā hale ʻai o nā alahele, agrocenoses. No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pā pōkā wai polū a me nā wahi ʻai. ʻAʻole pale ia ke keʻa ʻana i nā kikowaʻi palū nui i noho ʻia e nā hui willow a aspen. ʻIke lākou i nā ʻāina kahulina nui, akā i ka ʻole o nā wahi e noho ai lākou ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi e kokoke ana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. No ka hoʻoilo, koho i nā puʻu uhi i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu ʻino, e noho pinepine i ka ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā mahi ʻai.
Noho nā poʻomanaʻo o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka pō ma waena o nā mau wahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia. I ke kauwela, i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ai lākou, hemo iki lākou i ka hulu manu a hiki ʻole ke lele. I ka wā hāʻule, hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻāina mahana, kahi lākou e hōʻuluʻulu ai i nā holoholona nui. E like me nā ʻano kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaka ka lele kala hina i kona lele me kahi lawe, he mea maʻamau i ka makani, e wikiwiki koke ana e wehe i kona mau ʻēheu ma mua o ka lawe ʻana. E lele pono nei, e hana ana i nā neʻe i ka neʻe i kahi ʻano, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo a hōʻoi iā lākou. E like me nā moʻo a me nā kuikena, akā ʻaʻole e like me nā poʻe kūpuna, i ka lele ma kona lele ʻana i pale ʻia kona poʻo. Hōʻalo nā wāwae i hope, akā i ke anuanu hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou.
Hoʻonui ka mea kanu i nā meaʻai - nā hua, nā hua, nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu, nā kō, nā hua, nā lau, nā hua, acorns. Inā loaʻa, ʻai ikaika nā poli hina i nā meaʻai holoholona, me nā hydrobionts invertebrate (nā pepeke a me ko lākou puʻupuʻu, mollusks, a me nā mea), nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ka baki a me kā lākou pili, nā mōʻī, nā mea āpau a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. Maikaʻi ka hānai no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huahana ma kahi pae. Inā aia nā mahina i lulu ʻia ma kahi kokoke, a laila e hoʻāʻo ka ʻāpana i ka mea kanu i ka huaʻai, ʻoiai ke kūkulu nei i kahi hoʻoweliweli i ka hua.
I nā mokulele, e hui mau ʻia ka ʻohana me ka wī a me ka leo nui, e hoʻolaha ana i kona ʻano. Hoʻonui ʻia ka puna wai i ka wā o ka manawa, hāʻule i ka hopena o ka mua - ka lua o ka makahiki o ʻApelila. ʻO ka hapalua lua o ʻApelila e kū nei i nā pāʻani o ka puna, i ʻimi ʻia me "nā mele a me nā mele." Hoʻomaka nā manu ma ke keiki a ka makahiki o 4-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻaina i ka hoʻoilo, ma mua o ka lele ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa e hiki mai ana. Hoʻokomo nā Cranes i nā ʻohana monogamous e hoʻomau a hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā kāne. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wahi pana, hoʻonohonoho nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā hula haʻaheo maʻamau, kahi e bale ai, nā ʻoki poʻokela a me ka hana pono ʻana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, e uhi nā uhi hina i ko lākou mau hulu me ka silt a me ka pālolo, e hoʻonaninani iā lākou i ka wā i haki ʻia a hoʻāla ʻia - hana kēia ʻano hana iā lākou e hūnā mai nā poʻe nāhelehele.
ʻO nā manu e loaʻa ʻole i kahi lua e hoʻopili ana i kahi hoa i kā lākou pūnaewele. I kēia mau hihia, e lohe ʻia nā "bites" o kahi lua i ka punawai. Ma hope o ke hui pū ʻana, hoʻomaka nā hīnaʻi i kahi mele "antiphonal", kahi e kani ai nā kani a nā kāne, ka wahine, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke kani. Aia ko lākou kāhea kelepona mai kēia manawa i lilo i pālua a kani ke ʻano o ka "curly", kahi i hoʻoiho ʻia ai ka huaʻalā mua e kekahi manu a ʻo ka lua kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka “mele” a me ka uwē ʻana e hana ai e nā manu ʻelua he hoʻokahi nānā kiʻi. E lohe pinepine ʻia nā kani ʻana mai nā cranes mai 5 a.m. a hiki i 8 a.m., akā, i kekahi manawa, ma ke kakahiaka o Mei, hoʻomaka nā cranes e kāhea aku i loko o ka pouli piha - e pili ana i ka 3 p.m.
Koho ʻia kekahi ʻāina ʻāina maloʻo no ka pūnana, ma luna a i ʻole kokoke i ka wai. Koho ʻia ka wahi i waenakonu o nā mea ulu lāʻau - nā mākaʻi o ka ʻalā, ke ʻano, a me ka pau ʻana i ka wā i koho ʻia ai ke wahi, hoʻolaha a male kāne ka wahine me ka leo nui a me ka leo, a laila e hōʻailona ana i ko lākou ʻāina. He helehelena nā pūnaka i kahi pālahalaha papahele e ana i kahi o 70 × 60 × 15 cm, i hana ʻia me nā rhizome o nā mea kanu nāu, nā ʻōpala o nā pōpoki, nā lau nahele a i ʻole ka pit. Aia nā koena i loaʻa i nā pahuhū, nā peʻa ma waenakonu o ka wai, ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, ma mua hoʻi o ke alder, ma kahi mamao iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau kilomita mai kekahi mai.
ʻO nā pili o ʻelua (pākiki a 3) nā hua o ka ʻoleki-brown brown, me nā wahiʻeleʻele he nui i kū i ka makahiki mua o Mei. Nā ʻōpili i waiho ʻia e nā wahine ʻokoʻa like ʻole like me ke ʻano a me ka nui. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ka masonry no ka lā 28-31 mau lā. Kālana ke kāne iā ia i ka manawa ʻai i ʻelua manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mākua e hele mua ʻia e ke kelepona ʻana. Kahi nā huila i ka hapalua o Mei. Ua uhiʻia lākou me ka fluff ʻula. A hiki i ka lā 3-4 e noho ai lākou i loko o ka pūnana a hoʻomanū ʻia e ka wahine, ma hope o lākou e hālei ai me nā mākua i loko o kahi ʻāpana o ke kuahiwi, a, inā pilikia, huna. Ua hānai lākou iā lākou iho, akā i nā lā mua a ua hānai ʻia nō hoʻi lākou e nā mākua. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā ʻoki. A laila hele i ka ʻohana no nā wahi o nā ʻāpana me nā mea kanu i hoʻomohala ʻia.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai, lilo lākou i lele, a ma ka hopena o kēia mahina, neʻe nā ʻohana i kahi nohona helu, e pili ana i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. I ka hopena o Iulai, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana kuna e hānai ana i nā mahiʻai i ka mahiʻai ma kahi ākea (a lōʻihi mauʻumi mau kilomita) ka mamao mai nā kahua ulu. Kūleʻa pinepine nā Cranes i kahi wā ʻōpio e kaʻauʻau, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae, ʻaʻole pono kēia pono. I ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake, ma ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina, ua ʻānai ʻia nā manu ʻōpio, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua ala aʻe i ka lepe.
A hiki i Kepakemapa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā cranes ʻaʻole i hana lōʻihi i nā mokulele, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia malama mau helu nui o nā hua o nā lele o ka 6-15 - 30 a 40 paha mau manu i hoʻokumu ʻia.ʻO ka wā lohi o ka wā kō i ka palena maikaʻi loa a ʻoi aku ka manawa: ua kākau ʻia nā nūhou mua i ka hopena o ʻAukake ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaila o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻo ka mea hou loa - i ka makahiki mua o ʻOkakopa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pua o nā hīnaʻi haneli ma mua o nā pūnāwai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka lele ʻana i nā pūʻulu o nā manu 15-40. Nā kīmaha o 40-100 kanaka pinepine kekahi. ʻO nā hoʻoilo i nā wahi mokulele o lalo o Vol Volane i nā palena o Iran.
Ke emi haʻahaʻa nei ka nui o ka poʻe o ka hina hina. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā kalupulu hina hina ke manaʻo ʻia he kahe ʻana o ka wahi o nā pae kaiāulu kūpono no ka hana manu ʻana. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano i ka Red Book o ka māhele Saratov. Ke kūlana palekana: kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi me kahi pae paʻa a paʻa ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ka wahi o Saratov i ka maʻamau o ka noho ʻana o ka mākeke i ka wā o ka ʻeleʻele a me ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wai e kipa ana i nā wahi ākea ʻākau a he ʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻano nui o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole ma luna o ka ʻāina āpau o ka ʻāina, a ma nā wahi no ka hikina hema. Hoʻololi iki ka nui o ka nui o nā cranes e hele nei ma ka ʻāina, akā he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe. Aia nā kahua hū nui i nā kahe wai o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū ʻo Don. ʻO ka nui o nā hua puaʻa ma ka māhele Saratov he 20-25 mau pihi hakakā, i nā makahiki he maikaʻi loa - 50 mau pālua. ʻO nā kumu nui hoʻopiʻi i ka huki o nā ʻōpū a me ka hoʻopōkole i nā wahi kanu o nā ʻano.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā cranes makua. Eia nō naʻe, nā ʻalopeke, nā kīwī hihiu, nā ʻaeto, nā ʻōpala a me nā moʻo moana wai e hiki ke weliweli no nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā hua manu.
ʻAʻole ka hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā cranes e nā kānaka, akā ma ko lākou ala ola. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke hana nei kekahi kanaka i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kahe o nā kahawai, ka lepo a me hoʻomaloʻo i nā ʻōpala, a me nā kahe, nā mea e hōʻino ai i nā ola o nā hae, me ka luku ʻana i nā wahi no ka hiamoe a me nā wahi hoʻomoe.
Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana
I waena o nā kānaka e neʻe ana i ka hoʻoilo, liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi e lilo i mau pā. Ua hopohopo nā poʻe loea i kēia mea. ʻO kēia kūlana o ka ʻāina kekahi ma muli o nā waipuna wai, ʻoiai ua pau ka hua i kā lākou ʻōpala i waiho wale i kekahi mau puaʻa ʻole o ka ʻai. Eia kekahi, he nui nā nests me nā pāiki a i ʻole nā pēpē hou e luku ʻia e nā poʻe nāhelehele.
I kēia manawa, 7 mau 15 mai nā holoholona i ʻoweliweli a hoʻopau ʻia e nā kānāwai o ke kūloko a lākou e noho nei. 2 hou aku nā ʻōhua hou ma ke kahua o ka papa inoa o kēia papa inoa. ʻO ke kumu nui no kēia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi a me nā wai wai ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā kalepa. Ua papa ʻia ka ʻaihue ʻana o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like kēia me ka hapanui o nā māla mahiʻai e ʻai ai nā ka puaa.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hui ʻoihana manawaleʻa a puni ka honua e kōkua i nā limahana mālama keiki e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā hānai, a komo pū i nā hana.