Send

(mai ka ʻōlelo Helene. therme-wela, wela), kahi kāwili palaoa o stoichiometric helu o nā metala a i ʻole alloys (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wahie) me nā hāmole o nā mea hoʻonaninani (ʻoi aku ka oxidizing agent), e hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai me ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka nui o ka wela. DOS fuel-Al, Mg, Ca-Si, Cu-Al, Fe-Mn alloys, oxidizing agents - Fe 2 O 3, Fe 3 O 4, CuO, NiO, Pb 3 O 4, MnO 2. Me ka exothermic. pale hiʻona.-hoʻihoʻi. ʻO ka distileation ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻohuihā metala, nā huahana o ka r-tion (nui ka wai i pīpī ʻia) hoʻomohala i ka t-ry

2000 ° C. T-ra combustion T. 2000-2800 ° C, t. > 800 ° C (no ka mea maʻamau ʻo T.-tima o A1 me Fe 3 O 4 -1300 ° C). ʻO ka nui o ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke kāpili ʻana i pili ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o T., no ka laʻana, i ka ʻōpala hao-alumini T .: 8Al + 3Fe 3 O 4:: 4A1 2 O 3 +9 Fe + 3478 kJ.

Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo T. i ke ʻano o ka pauka a i ʻole nā hōʻoia. No ka hana hoʻowahāwahā ʻana, e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano hui o BaO 2 a me Mg a i ʻole match matchite kūikawā.

Kuaki T. like hoʻohui hoʻohui inoa no ka loea thermite, i huahuali no ka hana ʻana o Mn, Cr, V, W, ferroalloys a decomp. non-ferrous a me nā konohala hae panee no ka meahi kolohe. No ka hana welding (termite-muffle e ulana ana i nā wili, ka pōkole a me ke kāʻei ʻana o nā kaila, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻokumu o ka mea hoʻokumu i nā mea kila, nā paila pihi, a me nā mea a pau,) compartitions termite - CuO, ferromanganese, alloy Cu - Al, Fe 3 O 4, Al, Mg, ferromanganese, Fe 3 O 4, Mg, Al, me nā mea e loaʻa ai ka ferrovanadium, ferrochrome, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, T. ka mea i loaʻa iā Fe 3 O 4 a me nā konikele o kēia mau mea kila.

Lit .: Shevchenko G. D., Welding, keleawe a me ka hoʻohiolo ʻana i ka lāʻau metala, M., 1966, Borovinskaya I. P., Merzhanov A. G., i nā: metallothermal kaʻina ma ka kemekulia a me ka metallurgy, Novosib., 1971, Shidlovsky A. A., Fundamentals of Pyrotechnics, 4th ed., M., 1973, Brauer K. O., Handbook of pyrotechnics, NY, 1974, Barbour RT, Pyrotechnics i ka hana, NY, 1981. H. A. Silin.

ʻIkeʻike ʻia ʻepekema. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. I. L. Knunyantsa. 1988.

Termite

Termite i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia he ʻūpā keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa ʻo ia i kēia inoa inoa ma muli o ka like o ka helehelena me nā ʻili keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohana ʻo ka Termite i nā mea kanu make, maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, nā lau i hāʻule a i ʻole ka lepo. Ma muli o ka hana o ka anai e hoʻohana i ka lāʻau no ka meaʻai - hoʻokaumaha nui lākou i nā hale a me nā hale lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO Termite e pili ana i kahi kuaka o nā kūkaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Blattodea. No nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia e pili pū ana nā anai me nā kuʻi, ʻo ka hapanui nui nā manu arboreal. A hiki i kēia manawa, loaʻa i ka puʻu Isoptera ka aniani, a he papa hoʻohālike kēia. Kākoʻo ʻia kēia hākana ʻauhau hou e nā ʻikepili a me nā noiʻi i nā huaʻōlelo kūloko maoli.

ʻO ka kumu o ko ka inoa ʻo Isoptera he Helene a ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā pihi ʻelua o nā ʻēheu pololei. I nā makahiki he nui, ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo o ke ʻano he keʻokeʻo a maʻamau ʻo ia i kuhi ʻia me kahi mauʻae maoli. Loaʻa wale i ko mākou manawa a i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microscope i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua.

ʻO nā lā mua loa o ka huaʻōlelo ʻoi loa ʻoi loa e ʻike ʻia ma mua o 130 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻiʻemu, e loaʻa ana i ka metamorphosis holoʻokoʻa, e loaʻa ana i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo ke kīpoki piha ʻole. Hiki i nā koloni ke hoʻoponopono i kahi hoʻoponopono pilikino, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa pinepine ʻia ai nā superorganism.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo nā mōʻī Termite ke ola lōʻihi loa i nā iniseti āpau ma ka honua, me kekahi mau mōʻī e ola a hiki i 30-50 mau makahiki.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: Insect Termite

Kahi liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā Termite - mai ke 4 a hiki i 15 milimita ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea ola nui loa a hiki i kēia lā, ʻo ka mōʻī apīmila o nā ʻano Macrotermes bellicosus, nona ka lōʻihi he 10 cm ʻOi aku kahi nui o nā huaʻāina o nā ʻano Gyatermes styriensis, akā ʻaʻole ia i ola a hiki i kēia lā. I kekahi manawa, ulu aʻe ʻo ia i Austria i ka wā o Miocene, a loaʻa i nā ʻēheu he 76 mm. a kino lōʻihi he 25mm.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā limahana a me nā koa aniani he makapō piha, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe nele o nā maka. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea like, e like me Hodotermes mossambicus, he mau maka paʻakikī, i hoʻohana lākou i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lā mai ka mahina. Loaʻa mau maka kāne kāne a me nā wahine wīlū a me nā maka lateral. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia nā maka o ka ʻaoʻao i nā ʻano āpau āpau.

Aia ma hea kahi noho aniani?

Kiʻi: White Termite

Loaʻa nā Termites ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica. ʻAʻole ka hapa nui o lākou i ʻike ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa (he 10 ʻike ʻia nā ʻano he 10 ma ʻEulopa a me 50 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Nui ka termites ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma kahi o 400 mau ʻano he ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā 3000 mau o nā huaʻōlelo i helu ʻia i kēia manawa, 1000 e loaʻa ana ma ʻApelika. I kekahi mau ʻāina maʻamau maoli lākou.

Ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kruger National Park, ʻike ʻia paha ʻo 1.1 miliona mau wahi ikaika kaila i ʻike ʻia. Ma Asia, aia he 435 mau ʻano o ka anai, he mea maʻamau i Kina. Ma Kina, ua paʻa nā ʻano huaʻai i nā neʻe haʻalulu a i nā ʻaoʻao hulahuleka hema o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze. Ma Australia, ua pau nā āpau i nā huaʻelima āpau.

Ma muli o kā lākou palupalu keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole i noho ka termites i nā hale anuanu a maloʻo paha. ʻEkolu mau hui olaila o ka termites: waiwa, maloʻo a ma lalo o lalo. ʻIke ʻia nā huaele Dampwood i loko o nā nahele ulu coniferous, a ua loaʻa nā hua lāʻau drywood ma nā ululāʻau lāʻau, aia nā underite i lalo o nā wahi. ʻO kekahi mea ʻano i ka hua ʻōpiopio maloʻo ko West West breed termite (Cryptotermes brevis), he manu nui i loko o Australia. I Lūkini, aia nā aniani i nā wahi kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale o Sochi a me Vladivostok. Ma CIS, kahi o 7 mau ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo i loaʻa.

He aha nā huaʻai aniani?

Kuhi: holoholona holoholona Termite

ʻO ka termites ka detritophages e hoʻopau i nā lāʻau make i kēlā me kēia pae o ka decomppos. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka kaolaʻenehana ma o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā huahana pena e like me ka lāʻau make, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. ʻAi nā ʻano he nui i ka cellulose me kahi ʻōpū waena waena e wāwahi ana i ka fiber. Hoʻokomo nā Termites i ka wāwahi o ka cellulose metane i hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka lewa.

Ke hilinaʻi nui nei nā Termites i ka protozoa simbiotic (metamonades) a me nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā protellate protellate i loko o kā lākou kiʻi, e hoʻoneʻe i ka cellulose, e ʻae iā lākou e komo i nā huahana hope loa no kā lākou hoʻohana ponoʻa. ʻO ka protozoa Intestinal e like me Trichonympha, ma ke kumu, e hilinaʻi i nā mea maʻi simbiotic i hoʻopili ʻia ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao e hana i kekahi o nā enzyme ponoʻole.

ʻO ka hapanui kiʻekiʻe o nā huaʻōlelo kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aʻe ma ka ʻohana Termitidae, hiki i kā lākou iho cellulose enzyme, akā hilinaʻi nui lākou i nā mea maʻi. Ua nalowale ʻo Flagella i kēia mau huaʻōlelo. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻepekema ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ka digestive tract o ka termites a me ka endosymbionts microbial i ka wā i kū mua ai ʻo ia, akā naʻe, he mea maoli nō nā ʻano āpau o nā huaʻōlelo ʻo nā limahana e hānai i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka koloni me nā mea i loaʻa e ke kālai ʻia ʻana o ka mea kanu mai ka waha a i ʻole anus. . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻano anai ka hana i nā moʻomeheu fungi. Mālama lākou i ka "māla" o nā pua kūikawā o nā genus Termitomyces, kahi e hānai ai i ka hoʻopi manuahi. I ka ʻai ʻana o ka hua, hāleʻa a lākou mau uka ma loko o nā ʻōpū o ka termites i mea e hoʻopau ai i ke alapona, e ulu ana nā huaʻai o nā lau.

Ma muli o nā kīʻaha ʻai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huaʻōlelo o nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua: nā hua iho haʻahaʻa a me nā huaʻōlelo kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo haʻahaʻa ka nui ma ka lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka termite e hoʻohana i ka lāʻau i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me nā fungi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomoʻi ʻana, a nui ka waihona o ka ʻōpala. I kēia manawa, hoʻopau nā anai kiʻekiʻe i nā ākea he nui, me ka feces, humus, mauʻu, lau a me nā aʻa. Loaʻa i nā loko o nā pūpū i lalo o nā huaʻai he nui o nā huakini me ka protozoa, aʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe o nā huaʻai he mau ʻano wale nō me ka protozoa.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: E kāhea nā Termites i ka alakaʻi, asphalt, plaster, a i ʻole ka mea mortar e loaʻa ai kahi lāʻau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi: Nā huaʻōlelo nui

He paʻakikī loa ke ʻike i nā huaʻōlelo, ʻoiai lākou e neʻe nei i ka pouli a makemake ʻole i ka mālamalama. Ke neʻe nei lākou me nā neʻe a lākou i kūkulu ai i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka honua.

Noho nā Termites i nā nests. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻono ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu mau papahele: ma lalo o ka ʻāina (ma luna o ka ʻāina), ma luna o ka ʻāina (protruding ma luna o ka ʻāina) a hui ʻia (hana ʻia ma luna o kahi lāʻau, akā pili mau ʻia ia i ka ʻāina ma o nā pā). Nui nā hana i ka nīnū, e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi noho maluhia a me nā wahi e noho ai mai nā mea wānana. Kūkulu ka hapanui o nā hua ʻōlelo i lalo o nā kolone a lalo, ʻaʻole i nā nisa multifunctional a me nā kuahiʻe. Kūpono ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau i nā kālai lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau nui, nā ʻōpala a me nā wahi make o nā lāʻau, e like me ka nui o nā makahiki i hala i ka mau makahiki.

Kūkulu ʻia hoʻi nā Termites e nā kuahiwi, i kekahi manawa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 -3 m.ʻae i ka puʻupuʻu e hāʻawi i nā termites me ka pale like o ka pūnana, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Nā ʻōpala e loaʻa ana i nā wahi me ka ua nui a hoʻomau ʻia ka ua ma lalo o ka hiʻona ma muli o kā lākou pānaehana waiwai ʻana.

Kamaʻilio ʻana. He makapō ka hakahaka o nā termite, no laila ke hana pono ka kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kōkua o nā kīpika, mechanical a me ka pheromonal signal. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kaʻina o ka kamaʻilio i nā hana like ʻole, me ka huli ʻana no ka ʻai, ke ʻimi ʻana i nā huina huakaʻi, e hana ana i nā nests, e hoʻomaopopo ana i nā poʻe noho o kahi pūnana, nā māiʻu, ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā ʻenemi, a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. ʻO ke ala maʻamau ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma o kekahi antena.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: Insect Termite

He Teretite ʻōnaehana:

Aliʻi
Moiwahine,
Moʻiwahine Elua
Tuikauni Tertiary
Makana,
Ke hana nei.

Lawe ka poʻe limahana Termite i ka hapa nui o ka hana ma ke kolone, e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai, ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā nīnū. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hana e hoʻowalewale i ka cellulose i ka meaʻai, no laila ʻo lākou nā papa hana nui o ka lāʻau maʻi maʻi. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o nā huaʻelima e hana ʻai ana i nā mea noho ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia ka trophollaxis. ʻO Trofallaxis kahi loiloi olakino kūpono no ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā mea ʻākena.

Hoʻopakele kēia i nā mākua mai ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki āpau ke ʻole o ka hanauna mua, e ʻae ana i ka hui e ulu nui i nā helu nui a hoʻopaʻa i nā hoʻololi o nā hōʻailona ponoʻuhane pono mai kekahi hanauna a i kekahi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o ka huaʻelima e ʻole ka mea e hana maoli ana i ka caste maoli; akā, hilinaʻi lākou i nā nymphs e hana ana i ka hana like ʻole me ka kū ʻole o ka pahu kaawale.

ʻO ka mea koa caste kekahi loea i ka anatomical a me ke ʻano, ʻo kā lākou kumu hoʻokahi wale nō ka pale i ke kolu. He mau poʻo nui nā pūʻali koa me nā ʻōpio ikaika nui loa, he nui loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hānai iā lākou iho. No laila, e like me nā keiki liʻiliʻi, ua hānai ʻia e nā limahana. He nui nā ʻano he nui i maopopo; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻo a he poʻo ʻōpiopio ka nui.

I waena o kekahi mau termite, hiki i nā pūʻali koa ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mau spherical head e pani ai i kā lākou mau kao liʻiliʻi. No kēlā me kēia mau ʻano o ka anai, hiki i nā koa ke nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, me nā nosa hoʻi he pūpiha like ʻole me ka pūpū. Hiki i kēia mau koa kūleʻa ke hōʻoki i nā mea huna pilikino e pili ana i ka diterpenes i ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi.

ʻO ka ʻiliʻili a kālai keiki maoli i nā wahine prolific a me nā kāne, i ʻike ʻia ka mōʻīwahine a me ke aliʻi. Na ke aliʻi wahine o ka ʻoni ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua no ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻehā, kū ke aliʻi me ia no ke ola. Ma kekahi mau ʻano, ua hākiki ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka mōʻī i ka ulu ʻana i ka ulu. Aia i loko o nā ʻano ʻano, hoʻomaka ka mōʻī e hana i nā mea like me ka hua o ka reproduction i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, a ulu mai nā hue nui mai ke kolu i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻaʻa ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka anaiite

Kiʻi: Animal Termite

Pau nā Termites i kahi ʻano nui. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ua loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo o nā huaʻōlelo "Hodotermes mossambicus" i loko o nā ʻōpū o 65 mau manu a me 19 mau mamalia. ʻAi nā nā arthropod i ʻai i ka aniani: nā kime, ka centipedes, nā moa, nā ʻikepeke, nā dragonflies, nā ʻawaʻawa a me nā ʻalā, nā mea pīpī e like me ka ʻōpala, nā amphibians e like me nā bakoka a me nā ʻala. Nui nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i ka termite: aardvarks, anteaters, mau pā, bears, he nui a nā manu, echidna, nā alopeke, nā kiʻikuhi a me nā mea ʻīpī. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha: hiki i ka honua honua ke komo i ka mau tausani o ka aniani i ka pō hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna alelo lōʻihi.

ʻO nā Ants nui ka ʻenemi nui loa o nā termite. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo kekahi mau genera o nā ʻōpala i ka lawaiʻa termite. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ia ʻo Megaponer kahi ʻano ʻai e mālama pono ai i nā termite. Hoʻokahi lākou, ʻo ia kekahi o ia mau manawa. Akā ʻaʻole nā popo nā popo wale nō i hoʻoili ai. Ua ʻike ʻia he nui nā mania spheroid, e komo pū me Polistinae Lepeletier a me Angiopolybia Araujo, ka uʻe aila i ka wā e hoʻohālikelike ʻia.

Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana

ʻO Termites kekahi o nā puʻupuʻu maikaʻi loa o nā iniseti i ulu i ka nui o kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana ma ko lākou ola.

Hoʻolaha i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica. Aia nā kolone o lākou i nā mea he haneli haneli he nui i loko o nā lehulehu lehulehu me nā miliona miliona. Ma kahi o 3,106 mau mea i ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia ʻole nei, ʻaʻole pau wale nō; Hiki i ka nui o nā hua'ōlelo ma ka Honua ke hiki aku i ka 108 miliona a keu aku paha.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o ka lāʻau i hoʻohana i ka mahiʻai a hoʻokumu i kahi kumu meaʻai no ka huaʻōlelo e pau i ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia ulu me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā termites i ke anuanu a me nā wahi pā maloʻo.

I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana 7 o nā huaʻōlelo.

Aliʻi,
Termopsidae,
Hoikeikaua,
Kalotermitidae,
Rhinotermitidae,
Anahola,
Termitidae.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka Termites ma ka Honua ma mua o ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka honua ma ka Honua, e like me nā ʻomaʻi.

Iniseti aniani He hopena maikaʻi loa kēia no ke kanaka, ʻo ko lākou luku ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau. ʻO ka kūʻokoʻa o ka anai ka pili me ko lākou mana i ke kaona honua o ka carbon a me carbon dioxide, ma luna o ke kāhea o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā lewa, he mea nui no ka honua. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i ka mīkini o ka methane ma nā nui. I ka manawa like, he 43 mau ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo e ʻai ʻia e nā kānaka a e hānai ʻia e nā holoholona home. I kēia lā, ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka lehulehu, no kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole no ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe o ka termite.

ʻO ka māhele o ka hoʻohana

Hoʻohana ʻia nā Termites no nā hana ʻoihana a me ka pūʻali koa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e like me nā detonator me ka hopena wela. ʻIke lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hāmeʻa wai hoʻomehana i loko o nā pyrotechnics - no ka hana ʻana o nā kukui uila a i ʻole nā kumu wai ʻona o nā kukui māmā.ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo i ka wā o ka welding - e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻĀina waiwai

ʻO ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia wai thermite i kahi wela wela, kahi e loaʻa ana i nā degere 2000-4000, e like me ka kaila a me ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻohuihui oxidizing. Hoʻololi ka Termite i ke mahana o 800-1500 degere a hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka nalo o ka oxygen, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke ʻano o ka noi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka lapalapa me ka wai, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano thermo no ka hoʻopuni ʻana ma lalo o ka wai. Ma muli o ka wela wela o ka hoʻopihapiha, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka huaʻala kūloko ma nā ʻāpana mānoʻi o ka hao, ka hao a i nā poloka mea paʻa, e lilo nei i mea hōʻoki.

Kahi ʻano o ka hui ʻana

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka minamina wai i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho no ka hoʻokō a me ke kumu. Mākaukau ka huaʻōlelo moʻomeheu mai ka sawdust alumina a i ʻole ka pauma a me ka mea hao ʻo ka mea hao ma kahi pā 1: 3. No ka hōʻemi i ka pānaʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā konika alumina i ka mea hoʻonohonoho. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hapa o ka māhele o ka alumini a hiki i ke kūlana o ka pauka, e hoʻonui ka nui o ke kuni. Hoʻohana ʻia ka waila hao thermite pālua no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano paona.

ʻO nā hui o Pyrotechnic e wela i kahi mahana wela, akā e hāʻawi i kahi kukui māmā. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i nā mīkini i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā huaila a me nā flare ʻole. E hana ana ʻo Sulfur i kahi mea hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia o kēia ʻano hui, a kālai ʻia ka paʻakai pālala ma ke ʻano he mea ʻokiʻoki. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻouluʻana, hoʻohui ʻia ka strontium carbonate, e hana ana i ka hopena o ka hopena.

Hoʻomapa ʻia nā ʻōmole thermite Copper mai ka oxide oxide, ka nui o ia mea he 70% o ka pauku, 10-12% o ka alumini maʻa a me ka like o ke keleawe, 8% ferromanganese. ʻO kēia kiko he wahi wela wela loa - ma kahi o 4000 degere, a ua manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā hana koʻikoʻi no ke kila, no ka laʻana, he kīwī ahi a i ʻole kaʻaila.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano

Hana nā mea hana me nā thermal miʻi iā lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano hiʻona maikaʻi no ka hana hou ʻana i ka pahu kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o kahi paura, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pahu poli a ka polypropylene umauma me ka nui o ka 1000 gram. Kahi ʻia nā Termites i nā ʻāpana kihikihi o nā laina mana o ke ʻano me kahi pahu kāwili i loaʻa ke ʻano cylindrical me kahi lua lōʻihi. No ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaʻauao metala me nā ʻano o ka thermite, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano penikala pono ʻole ia e koi aku i ka calination ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a hoʻohana ʻia nā pāʻani termite no ka hana ʻana.

Kui-oe-oe ia e kā ana

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o 1 kilogram o ka huahelu o ka huahelu mai 3-5,000 mau rubles, ma muli o ka mea hana a me ke kumu o ka hoʻohui. Hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻano like o ke ʻano o ka wai wela, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ʻoe iho ma ka home a hoʻohana iā ia me kahi mea hoʻomohala no nā wires a me nā kūkulu metala. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi cementer, loaʻa i nā penikala thermite kahi kūpono no ka welding metal i ka hemo ʻole o kahi mīkini uila. Hana ʻia ka hana Termite i nā hana he nui i ka mālama pono i nā lula palekana.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hana i ka hui aniani me kāu mau lima ponoʻī, ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka iron oxide a me ka pauka alumini, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i loko o ka hale kūʻai no nā reagents kemika.

ʻO ka hana hoʻihoʻi hoʻihoʻi

ʻO ka Iron Oxide Fe₃O₄, ka mea nui o ka pūnāwai ʻano kuʻuna, ʻo ia nō ka ʻōpala. Akā no ka hoʻomākaukau o ka hoʻohuʻu wai wela e pono ai ʻoe i ka ʻenekini maʻemaʻe i loaʻa mai ka Fe oxide₂O₃.

No ka pono o Fe₂O₃ Oe ke ʻike i kahi mana o 12 V DC a i ʻole ka mea hoʻoponopono me ka mea hoʻohuli a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mīkini hoʻololi i ka pūnaewele ʻo V V. ʻO ke kumu o ka hao oxide he nail metala a i ʻole ka palaki, i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu aniani me kahi hopena saturated o ka sodium chloride. ʻOi aku ka paʻakai ma ka hoʻonā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna conductivity a me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana o ka hao oxide Fe₂O₃.

ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kaula rectifier pili i ka kui metala, pāwaha a iʻa paha a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pā i ka paila. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lua hope i ka hoʻonā a i ʻole ka pilina me ke koʻokoʻi.

Ma hope o kahi lā hana o kahi hana hana ponoʻī, ua huki ʻia ka oxide hopena e kāʻili ʻia ana mai ka lālā hao. ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kāwili ʻana i ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka pahu stupa ma kahi kūlana o ka pauma maikaʻi. ʻAʻole paha eʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākaha ʻīpika loa i ka ʻimi he 0.5 mm. I mea e hana ai i ka reagent hope i kūpono no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hui aniani, pono e kau ʻia ia i loko o kahi ʻano i hoʻolele ʻia a ʻimi ʻia i ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike kumu kumu Fe₃O₄ mākaukau.

Hou kaʻai

No ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā māhele, i koho ʻia kahi kīʻaha palaki hohonu, kahi i loaʻa ai ka oxide hao a me ka pauma alumini ma kahi o 75 a 25%, a i ʻole 3: 1. No ka hoʻopihapiha no ka maʻemaʻe o ka oxide hao i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona nui. E kūpono ka hoʻonaninani i nā reagents i ka māhele o 8 mau ʻāpana o ka oxide i 3 mau ʻāpana o ka pauka alumini i kūʻai ʻia i loko o kahi hale kūʻai. No ka hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka puhi ʻana, pono ia e hoʻohana i ka sawdust, ka mea i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi pa konane alumini a kelepona paha me kahi faila. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka sawdust a me ka pauku e pono e lilo i mau māhele 3. Ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me ka nui o ka sawdust i hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana me ka ʻole e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka thermite mix.

Ke hana nei i ka peni huaʻōlelo

ʻO kahi penikala termite kahi lāʻau hao ʻoi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi pali anima. Hoʻohana ia ia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā huahana metala. Hana ʻia ia i ke ʻano o kahi cylinder o nā diameter ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka mea a ka mea i hoʻ ʻoi ʻia. Hoʻohana ka hua a kahi kaula paha e hoʻonaninani ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana.

I ka home, ua hana ʻia ka peni laila maʻalahi maʻalahi mai ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka palika a me nā konohiki i hui ʻia me ka lem. Mākaukau ʻia ka ʻano ʻōlea me ka palaoa kuhina maʻamau. Hoʻohui ʻia ka nui hualoaʻa ma kahi ʻāpana kila o ka lōʻihi i makemake ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka diameter i makemake ʻia. No nā kūlana home, lawa ia e hoʻopili i nā cylinders 2-3 mm mānoanoa.

I ka pau ʻana o ka cylinder hopena, hoʻohana ʻia i ka lula e hoʻoponopono i ka hua mai kahi hui ʻana o ka paʻakai o Berthollet me ka pauka alumini. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo, ua mākaukau ke penikala no ke hoʻohana ʻana a ʻaʻole pono e koi ʻia ka penikala mua.

Inā pono, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā penikala mai nā kūʻai keleawe i kūʻai ʻia. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ke kulu thermite keleawe ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi thermomix hao, a mai kahi kilika o ke kala i kūʻai ʻia he mau ʻanuʻu lāʻau e hiki ai ke hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōpala metala a i nā kihi paha me ka mānoanoa o ka 5 mm. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka penikala termite keleawe ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka lem me ka pauka paʻa a hana i nā cylinders.

Hoʻololi ʻia a me nā ʻāpana palupalu o ka konane me ka mahana wela e pili ana i ka 1600 degere e hoʻowahāwahā ai i nā peni keleawe. Me kou mau lima ponoʻī, hiki ke hana ʻia ka kirina mai nā palaki polū a i ʻole polystyrene e ka hoʻopau ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka acetone a hiki i ka loaʻa homogeneous, taut mass.

Palekana a me ka waiho ʻana

Aia i ka nīnau o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka wai thermite, ua ala hou kekahi pilikia - ʻo ka palekana o ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mana anite. Pono ka hana kuʻuna o ka wai wela i kahi mahana hūnā ma ka pae o 1000-1500 kiʻekiʻe, a ua hoʻohana ʻole nā mea kanu i lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, no laila palekana ka mākaukau o ka hua ʻōlelo.

Pono e mālama i ka pauku Thermite i loko o kahi pahu polypropylene i paʻa ʻū ʻia ma kahi pālahalaha pili ʻole ma mua o 80%. ʻO ka mahana mālama mālama loa he +30 degere, no laila e mālama ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani i loko o kahi lumi hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi a maloʻo kahi lōʻihi mai nā mea hoʻonani. Hoʻopau i ka pauma, ʻoiai he pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana o ka thermoset ka mea palekana, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai i ke ʻano maʻamau.

ʻO keʻano o ka helehelena

Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana:

Me ka waihoʻoluʻu kino.
Chitin i ulana pū.
Me ka neʻe ʻana o ka māhele thoracic, ʻoiai i lalo o lalo.
Me ke poʻo nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika ikaika.

Mamuli o nā mea, a me ke kūlana i kaiāulu, ulu nā inikini i ka lōʻihi mai 2 a 15 mm. ʻAʻole maka iki nā maka o nā mea hana a me nā koa. Ma ke poʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi aniani milo, me he mea lā e hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana he nui. Loaʻa ko lākou lōʻihi i ka umauma o ka insect, no laila e hoʻomaopopo koke ʻia ko lākou makahiki.

ʻO ka nui o nā mea iniketi e hilinaʻi nei i ke kumu o nā poʻe. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā poʻe lawelawe i ka nui o ka nui, akā hiki i nā koa ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a hiki i 2 sentimita. Ma ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou ke poʻo nui a me nā koʻikoʻi ikaika. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻai ma ka mea a lākou e hānai ʻia e ka poʻe hana. Hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe ma kēlā me kēia ulu kūʻokoʻa kūikawā ma ko lākou poʻo. Hāpai kēia hilahila ke hōʻoia e hiki i nā koa ke pana i ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi me kahi wai hoʻokaʻawale kūikawā.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻelima winged me ʻelua mau maka o nā maka a he mau maka maʻalahi ʻelua. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea i ka noho maʻamau no lākou iho, ke uhaʻi i ko lākou mau ʻēheu ma kekahi ʻano. ʻOiai he nui ko lākou mau ʻēheu, nawaliwali, ʻaʻole ʻia no nā mokulele lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke alo ʻana o ka makani hiki iā lākou ke lawe mai iā lākou i kahi mamao. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou e lele ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolālā. Hana ʻia nā mea ʻēheu me nā waiwai o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe hana a me nā koa, no ka mea ʻaʻohe lākou mau gonads.

He mea nui ia e ʻike! Hiki i nā hua'ōlelo Winged ke kiʻi i ka poʻe o nā aliʻi make a me nā mōʻī wahine. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki, hiki ke mālama ʻia e nā ʻōpū o ka lewa ma luna o nā mamao. Ma kēia hihia, ʻike ʻia aku nā kuʻuna mai ka wā i ʻike ʻia i kahi loiloi wai maoli. I ka manawa mua, ke komo nei nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻē aʻe i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi noho, e nānā pono a me nā hua, a laila pili i ka ʻōpū. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou "keiki" a lilo i poʻe pilikino a me nā koa, hoʻomaka koke lākou i ko lākou hana a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou mau mākua.

ʻO ka tsar, a me ka mea kūikawā, ka mana o ka mōʻī e kuʻi ʻia e ko lākou nui, he ʻano o nā ʻano "kiʻekiʻe" hou, a ʻo ka poʻe hana i hana ʻia he 10 mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka mōʻī. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona e like me ka mōʻī wahine o nā termites ke ʻano o ke aliʻi wahine o nā ʻōpala. Hele mau ka mōʻī ma ka moʻo ʻana ka moe ʻana me ke aliʻi a waiho i nā hua. Ke hopena o kēia, ua kiko kona ʻōpū a kū ʻia kona neʻe kūʻokoʻa. Inā pono, a laila hana maʻalahi ia i nā huaʻōlelo i nā keʻena kokoke.

I ka nui o nā ʻano ma mua, ʻo ke aliʻi wahine, ʻoiai e ʻokoʻa ana i ka nui, ʻaʻole nui ia. Hiki i ka mōʻī termite ke ola no ka liʻiliʻi o 10 mau makahiki, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻenehana kūikawā i loaʻa ka hopena antioxidant.

ʻO ka nui o ka huaʻōlelo a ʻoi loa ka like me nā kānaka hana. Eia hoʻi ke pili mau i ka mōʻī. ʻO kāna hana nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻomake manawa kūpono o ka wahine.

He oloka ulu nā poʻe ʻelele o kekahi mau ʻohana ma ko lākou poʻo, ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, ma luna o ke koʻikoʻi e kū ana nā ferromones kaumaha, ka mea i hopu ʻia e ke koena o ka ʻohana.

Ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano holoholona ka ona o nā limahana a me nā koa. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā koa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 3 pakeneka, ʻoiai aia he mau ʻano o nā termites i ʻole a kaua i ka poʻe koa a i ʻole ko lākou helu ma ka pae o ka 15 pakeneka a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. Mahalo i nā mea ʻepekema ʻo Iapana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo X chromosomes ke kuleana no ka dimorphism moe ʻana o nā ʻano kamupanī like ʻole. Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano, ke hele mai nei ka wahine a me nā kāne paha, a me ka poʻe e hana ana i nā kānaka āpau a i nā koa paha. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona he hiʻohiʻona o nā mea "ulu" kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea ʻoi aʻe ka "pae kiʻekiʻe", pili ka kūlana i ka nohona o kā lākou pili ma nā ferromones kūikawā, me ka ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai.

ʻO nā Termites, e like me kekahi mau holoholona hihiu, he 3 mau wāwae o ka manamana lima. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā ʻano o ia ʻano i loko o nā huaʻōlelo like. No laila, i loko o ka puʻu uukui, i loko o kāna mau kolikina paʻakikī, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā pepeke, ʻoi pū me nā aniani a me ka ʻulaʻula maoli o ke kino.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hana hoʻomohala a

I ka nui o 10 mau makahiki o ke ola, ka mōʻī o ka mōʻī wahine aniani me ka mōʻī he nui manawa. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kauwela, e hana nā mea hana i nā poho ma nā paia o ka uka termite, kahi e lele lele ai nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻAe nā aliʻi wahine i ka wā e loaʻa mai ana i nā mōʻī e hiki mai ana me ka ʻike huna o nā lepa kūikawā. Ma hope o kēia, e hele ka male i kahi lua i ʻoka ʻia, kahi e hana ai ka moe. I kekahi mau lāʻau, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā mau haneli, a i kekahi manawa mau tausani, i hua ma ka hebedoma.

Aia kekahi mau kaukahi e waiho ai ka wahine i nā mea he 80 mau hua pākahi i kēlā me kēia lā, like pū kekahi me nā holoholona e moe a ka wahine a 10 miliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ke kiʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke aliʻi wahine me nā termites.

No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka mōʻīwahine ke hele ʻole a ʻai ʻole hoʻi ma luna, ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia e ka poʻe hana, a mālama nā koa.

Hoihoi mai e ike! Hoʻoulu mau ʻia kekahi mea huna kūikawā me nā pheromones ma ke kino o ke aliʻi wahine. Ua hānai lākou e ka hana ʻana i nā mea inikua, a lawe ʻia hoʻi i nā masy. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ua hui pū ʻia kēia mea huna i ka ʻohana. Manaʻo pū kekahi poʻe ʻepekema ma kēia ʻano ke kāohi nei lākou i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea lele ʻēheu. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole ia ma mua o ka 2-3 mau makahiki, i ka wā e aʻa ke kolona.

Kuhi ʻia nā pūʻali koa a me nā limahana, no laila ʻaʻole lākou ka nui o ka pūnao. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka mea huna i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mōʻī o nā termite i ʻae ʻole ʻae i kēlā me kēia kanaka e huli i nā pepeke manu lele mākaukau e mākaukau na ka mare. I ka wā e ʻānai ʻia ana ka mōʻīwahine a ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i mea huna no nā termites, a laila ʻo ka poʻe hana, ma hope o kekahi manawa, lilo nō hoʻi i ka moekolohe.

Hōʻalo ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i hānau ʻia i nā manawa nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. O kahi laʻana:

ʻO nā mea hana a me nā koa ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana i lilo i mea hihiu makua.
Ma hope o ka molt lua, hele i ka ʻāpana i nā nymphs.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nymph, a ma kona mau aniani thoracic ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻēheu.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hele nā larva i nā manawa 3 a 4 paha o kona ulu ʻana.
Hele nō hoʻi ʻo Nymphs i kekahi mau manawa o ka hoʻolālā. I ke pae hope, he mau ʻēheu kona.

Mālama ka poʻe hana i ka ʻai me nā mea huna kūikawā, a me ka nui o nā ʻuʻā palu, e ulu ana lākou ma kā lākou kanu ma ka hua ʻōlelo aniani. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hana aloha e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, akā me ka pau o nā kāne, hiki i ka wahine ke hana hou me ka ʻole o lākou. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo nā kānaka āpau kekahi mau wahine.

Hoihoi mai e ike! Ma ka hopena o ka make make ʻole e ka mōʻīwahine, hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hana ma kāna kuleana, ʻoiai na lākou e loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau.

Inā nui ka huahelu, a laila hiki ke loaʻa i nā kuʻikahi e ulu mau. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana i hōʻeuʻeu i ka hana hoʻoponopono.

Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻonui i nā huaʻōlelo e hana nei, ʻoiai inā e pono iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi mahina e hana ai i kēia mea i mea e lilo ai i kekahi mau hua. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau kānaka he ergatoids. I loko o nā kūlana hana, pono nā poʻe ʻepekema e hele i ka ergatoid me nā nymphs a me nā ergatoids. I kēia hihia, he hua nā hua o ke ʻano, kahi e ʻokoʻa ai ka hapa pakeneka.

Kuhi ʻia nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻokolohua ma ka papa ʻaina.

Wahine wahine	Malolo	ʻAno ʻano	Lāhea
nāmphoids	-	parthenogenesis	100% wahine nymphs wahine
ergatoids	-	parthenogenesis	Ua make he 50%, 50% nā wahine nāmole
nāmphoids	nāmphoids	moepolohe	50% o nā wahine wahine, 50% o nā kāne kāne
nāmphoids	ergatoids	moepolohe	50% wahine nymphs, 50% kāne kāne hana
ergatoids	nāmphoids	moepolohe	¼ make, ʻ¾ like - nāmākahi kāne, nā kāne hana a me nā wahine
ergatoids	ergatoids	moepolohe	Ma nā māhele like o nā wahine a me nā kāne nymphs, nā wahine a me nā kāne - nā limahana

Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa noiʻi ʻole i haku ʻia nā mea lele i hiki i ke kolone i kahi pae hoʻomohala. No laila, ʻo ka ikehu a pau e kau ai ma ka hana hou ʻana i nā inikua hana e hana nei i ka hana, mālama a hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala, etc.

ʻO ka detachment termite, he manu ia a i ʻole pipi nāu, ʻaʻohe hua e lawelawe, a ua kuhikuhi kā lākou kuleana i pseudo-ergats. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kāpena "kahu" wahaheʻe. ʻO ka molt larvae i nā manawa lōʻihi, akā noho mau i ka termites. He ala ia ma hope o kekahi manawa i lilo kēia mau kānaka i koa.

Kauʻai

Kokoke kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā anai. I loko o ka digestive tract o nā kānaka hana, kahi ʻano kūikawā o nā microorganism ola, e hoʻopau nei i ka cellulose. No laila, hiki wale iā lākou ke hānai i ke aliʻi wahine, a me nā koa. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o kēia mau pepeke he mau lāʻau make a me nā mea kanu nāhele, nā lau hāʻule a me ka humus. Hoʻokomo kekahi ʻano holoholona i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea e hōʻino ai i nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā cereals.

Ma ka manawa like, aia kekahi mau papahana holomua "Termitidae", kahi i ʻole nā microorganism e ʻae i ka hana o nā cellulose. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo nā ʻepekema i ka ʻoihana o ka wehe ʻana o ka cellulose, e hana ana i kēia ʻano.

ʻO ka Termites, e like me kou ʻike, ʻaʻole i ʻai wale i ka cellulose, no ka mea e ulu ana i kekahi ʻano o ka nui i loko o ka pupu termite. Hōʻalo i nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i loko o kā lākou mau ihu, ʻoki lākou iā lākou a kanu i nā pua o nā ʻihi i luna.

Ua luku ʻia nā ʻuna e ka lignin inedible, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe a ua maʻalahi ʻia e nā termites. No laila, ʻai ka anai me ka leʻaleʻa i nā māla holookoa, a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā māla ʻuhiwa ka kumu nui no ka ʻaina.

He mauʻike kiʻi ʻole! Ua hōʻike kekahi ʻo A. Brem i kekahi mea hoihoi i kona mau hoa. I ka hiamoe ʻana o kahi Arab i kahi kokoke i kahi anite, a i kona ala ʻana, aia ka hūnā ʻole loa iā ia, no ka mea, ua ʻai nā aniani i kona mau kapa āpau. I nā kenekulia 18, ua kū maoli 'āhewa' ku lākou i St. Helena, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka lā o Jamestown.

ʻAʻole i ʻokoʻa nā termite i loaʻa i ko mākou mau ʻāina i kēlā mau gluttony. Eia nō kekahi, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole paha i hōʻino ʻia ka pōʻino mai ka ʻōlaʻi o Ashgabat inā ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻia nā huaʻelima a hiki i ka 25 pakeneka o nā hale.

ʻO nā termite nā mea inikihāhā e nānā i ke kūlana o ke ana, ka haʻahaʻa, a me ka māmā hoʻi. No laila, ʻai nui lākou i nā papa lāʻau mai loko a ʻike pinepine ʻole i waho. I kēia hōʻike, ʻike mau ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōpala a palekana ke kani. ʻO ka hana nui a Termite i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hōʻeha nui i nā ʻekekele o nā ʻāina he nui. Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo like ʻole i nā like ʻono.

Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻuʻuku

ʻO nā termites nā lāʻau lapaʻau kai e noho nei i nā ʻohana nui. Hiki i kā lākou ners ke kuʻu ma ka ʻāina, ma nā lāʻau lāʻau, ma ka ʻōnaehana o nā kumu lāʻau, a me nā puʻu termite, nā mea like ʻole i kahi papa hana loiloi paʻakikī. Kaulana ʻia e pili ana i ka mauna nui, ʻo ia ka mea i piʻi he 13 mika ma luna o ka lepo. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi i loko o India, ua ʻike ʻia kahi paliid melite i loaʻa ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia nā lōlani o nā pūpana, no ka mea ua hiki i kahi elepani ke hoʻokomo pū i loko.

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka hapa nui o ka nūhou i lalo. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka nīnū i loaʻa i nā kaila, nā ala, nā kāmera, aʻo nā aniani wale nō ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka nano. Ke hele nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i loko o ka uka anai, ua nalo koke lākou i ka ʻāpana a hoʻouka ʻia e nā koa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea āpau i ka nano, no laila aia nā lumi i mālama ʻia ai ka meaʻai, kahi e hānai ʻia ai nā larvae a kahi e waiho ai ka mōʻī i nā hua hua.

Hoihoi mai e ike! No ka mōʻī wahine me ke aliʻi, ʻoi ka palekana, palekana, ʻoluʻolu a me ka lumi hoʻomaha. Aia nā wahi makana i kū pono o nā lumi o ka lalo o ke kahawai. Aia ke aliʻi wahine i kona kikowaena ma ke ala e kuhikuhi ʻia ai kona poʻo i ka hikina, a me ka ʻōpū ma ke komohana. Ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e hoʻonoho i ka mōʻī i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, akā e noho mau ana ʻo ia ma ia kūlana hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka hale hana hale no nā mime anai he mau wai, nā wahi lāʻau, ka pālolo a me ka hoʻopā. Ke pau ka lūlū ʻana ma lalo o nā ʻano kūlohelohe, paʻakikī ke hoʻopau iā ia me nā mea hana e like me ka ʻoka a i ʻole ka pickaxe. Ma kahi e noho ai nā termite, hiki pinepine ke nānā i ka ua i ke ʻano o ka ua anu. I mea e pale aku ai i ka huahelu o ka wai, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā paia a pau, a e hoʻohana ʻia ka pākīnū a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. I nā huaʻōlelo hou, ʻo ka mea hana i huaʻāina ʻo ia he hoʻolālā hana ʻenehana paʻakikī kahi e noʻonoʻo ʻia ai nā mea āpau i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi.

Eia no ka mea i ka mālama ʻia e ka huaʻōlelo o nā kau, a he loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī, no laila hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka mahana a me ka hina i kekahi pae. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka microclimate i loko o ka pūnana i kēlā me kēia wā a i kēlā me kēia manawa o ke ao nei e aloha ai i ka hana o nā mea hana, i ʻuliki a i ʻole hoʻi i ka leʻe.

E komo ka hohonu i ka honua a hoʻohuhū i ka lepo wai. Hiki i nā Termites e noho ana ma Ivory Coast ke komo i kahi hohonu o ka 10 mau mika, a me nā termite e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema e lawe i ka wai mai kahi hohonu a 40 mau mika.

Ma ka waenakonu o ka kuʻu termit, e like me ke kānāwai, he "kahu", i haki ʻia me nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Aia kahi makevae, ʻoiai ka "nursery" aia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 30 cm ma luna o ka pae. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka "nursery" aia nā kāmelo ma kahi o ka hua manu, a ma lalo o ka "mākaʻi" kāwahine o ke aliʻi ponoʻī. Ma nā pae haʻahaʻa, hoʻopili ʻia e ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā kaila a me nā alana, aia nā panti i kahi e waiho ai nā kumu meaʻai, a me nā mea kanu a pau o nā pua.

Kēia kekahi mau ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī. Mahalo i kēia, mau mau ka lewa mai ka ʻūlū haʻahaʻa loa. He kuʻuna ʻē aʻe nā kaona aniani no ka hema mai ke kūkulu hema, a ʻo ia ka mea e pale aku ai iā lākou ka wela.

Ma ka hopena o ka luku ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka moha termite, nui nā iniseti hoʻomaka koke ke "huki" i ka wahi i hōʻea ʻia e hoʻopau ai i kahi āpau i kahi hiki.

Hāpai ʻia nā hana a pau o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana mai loko aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole he heluna nui o nā koa e ho'āʻo nei e pale i ka puka mai waho mai nā lizards, nā ʻalā a me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe. E hoʻoikaika koke ka poʻe hana i ka pilikia, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi o lākou e noho i waho i mea e hoʻokō pono ai i kā lākou kuleana.

Hoihoi mai e ike! Nui ka mea i kākau e pili ana i nā huaʻōlelo e nā mea kākau e like me S. Lemoy, Mine Read, J. Verne, etc. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kahi ʻike e pili ana iā lākou. E like me ke kānāwai, ua wehewehe ʻia nā huaʻōlelo o nā pepeke me nā holoholona nui e hoʻopau ai i nā mea āpau. ʻO kēia, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia a maʻamau i nā kuʻi kaila - ma hope aʻe o kēia mau iniseti kekahi mau "moe" - termite-phages, ma ke ʻano o nā pīpī, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā manu. ʻIke ʻia nā “ʻokoʻa” i nā puʻu mai nā ʻenemi mai nā ʻenemi ai ʻole a ke anuanu maikaʻi ʻole.

Aia kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe e haʻi pono ana i nā mana kūlike o kēia mau mea ola. A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, ʻoiai ka mea nui o kāu e aʻo ai e pili ana i ka termites, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaka ʻana e noʻonoʻo e pili ana iā lākou e like me nā meaʻala akamai, ʻoiai me ka like ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui o ka mahalo, akā he mau mea liʻiliʻi.

I ka hopena

He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo paha hiki i nā mea inikini liʻiliʻi ke kūkulu i kahi noho lehulehu, i mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi i kahi kūlanakauhale nui, me nā kamaʻilio e pono ai. Nui nā puʻukū a me nā māka i loko o laila e hiki ʻole ai iā ʻoe ke nalowale, ʻoiai no ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaʻole nā maka a me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano o ka ʻike ma ka pōʻeleʻele.

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia he mau pōʻino maikaʻi nā anai, ʻoiai ke lilo nei lākou i ka hana i loko o ka ʻeo o ka honua honua. Pēlā e hana ai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nui e komo i ka luku ʻana i ka lāʻau i ʻole e ola ana.

ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano

ʻO ke ʻano o nā termite e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano, ka wahi a me kahi a lākou e noho ai i loko o ka pūnaewele caste o ke kolone. Hoʻololi iki nā kiʻi a me nā wehewehe kikoʻī o nā ʻano like ʻole i kēlā me kēia hihia, akā no ka nui o nā termite e noho ana i loko o nā ʻāina o ka US US ma mua, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o waho.

Nā kiko kikoʻī o ka Termite mai 4 aʻa a hiki i 1,3 sentimita.
ʻO ke kino ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua - ke poʻo nui a puni me ka ʻāoʻihi lōʻihi a me ke kino melohole elongated me ka puhaka.
He kino keʻokeʻo nā keʻokeʻo a nā limahana hua ʻōlelo a like me nā ʻōpio i nā pae hope o ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO nā poʻe koa Termite o ke kala kala ʻilihuna he mau poʻo nui, i hoʻonoho ʻia e nā puʻu nui ʻelua-likibles, kahi a lākou e hoʻohana ai e pale i ke kolone.
He ʻano nui nā ʻōpū o nā aliʻi nui a me nā kuʻekuʻe me nā poʻo o nā pepeke ʻelemakule, a noho wale ʻia lākou me ka hana hou o ka pua i loko o ka pūnana.
He kino kino nā kānaka ʻōpiopio, a aneane ʻeleʻele ke kala a ma kahi manawa e loaʻa ai nā ʻēheu e hoʻokumu ai i kahi kolone hou i ka wā o ka lele.

I kēia mau lā, ʻike ka ʻepekema i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 tausani mau ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo, aia wale ʻia he 3 i loaʻa ma Rūsia.

Pālāila yellow

The Latin inoa of the species (ʻepekema) is Kalotermes flavicollis.
ʻO nā inoa inoa he melemele-breasted termite, melemele ʻelemaka helehelena, yellow-Woody termite.
Ma Rūsia, ua loaʻa ma ke kahakai ʻo Pilikika ma ka moku o Sochi a me ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke kapakai.
ʻO ka maʻamau e noho i nā lāʻau ʻōpala a maloʻo, hollows o nā kumulāʻau a pohō i nā koloni mai nā haneri a 2 tausani.
Hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o nā hale lāʻau a me nā hale inā ke kū ʻia ke ʻano o ka lāʻau i ka pono o ka anai.
Hele ka lele ma Iulai-Kepakemapa.

ʻO Wāhi Hōʻai ʻāina

ʻO ka inoa Latin o nā ʻano he Reticulitermes speratus.
He iā Japanese iua.
Loaʻa ia i kekahi manawa ma Rū ma ka mokuʻo Vladivostok, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai i kona inoa Lūkini.
Aia ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi pili i ke awa, e hōʻike ana i nā mea inikini e komo nui ana i ke kūlanakauhale me nā ukana mai Kina, Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, kahi kūlohelohe o kēia ʻano.
Noho lākou i loko o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule ʻole, nā ʻōpala, nā hale lāʻau, nā ʻōpala o nā papa, nā ʻāpana hāwili i kahi i loko o ka lāʻau, ʻoka kekahi i ka lepo.
ʻO ka huakaʻi o ke au he aia ma Mei-Iulai.

Hoʻopau huaʻōlelo Photophobia

ʻO ka inoa Latin he Reticulitermes lucifugus.
Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi i ka termite Europe, ʻōʻino e pili ana.
Ma Lūkia, e noho ana ma nā wahi ma waena o nā kai ʻeleʻele a me Caspian, Volgograd a me nā North Caucasus.
Hana ʻia nā hona i ka ʻāina i ka hohonu o ka hapalua mika, ma lalo o nā aʻa o nūpoke, nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau a me nā mauʻu, e noho pinepine ana i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i nā kolone o nā anai e noho kokoke ana ke hana i ka hiʻohiʻona o hoʻokahi, e hana ana i nā kuʻuna nui.
Hoʻomaka ka lele ma ka hopena o ʻApelila a hoʻopau i ka hopena o Mei.

I loko o Moscow a me Moscow Wae, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo, e like me ka ʻike i kēia manawa. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loea e like me ka hua ʻōlelo, e komo hewa ʻole paha i loko o kou hale - a me nā huahana mai nā wahi kahi i loaʻa ai, a i loko o ka ukana ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha, a i ʻole, mea paha ʻoe, e hilahila me ia mau mea ʻē aʻe. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka iniseti, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ia a lawe i ke ola ʻana ma kāu kālā ponoʻī no ka nānā ʻana i ke Center no Hygiene a me Epidemiology o Moscow a i kona mau lālā.

Nā haki Termite

ʻO ka mea nānā a me kahi hea nā nīnū nūnū e hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o nā pepeke. ʻO nā nīnū nui loa, e like me ka stalakite, e ulu ana mai ka honua mai, e kūkulu ʻia e nā hua ʻōlelo Aferika o nā ʻano Macrotermes bellicosus. Hiki i kā lākou hua'ōlelo ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe a kokoke 13 mau mika a loaʻa iā lākou ka lōʻihi a hiki i 30 mau mika ma ka pae. Ua like paha nā nest o ko lākou mau ʻohana liʻiliʻi e like me nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā pulu laulea, a i ʻole he mauʻu liʻiliʻi paha i ka ʻāina. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā anai ke hana i nā nisa mai ka pālolo, ka hoʻonaninani kūleʻa ʻana i ka cellulose, hoʻohana i nā pala, hoʻomaloʻo i nā ʻōpala a hāʻule i nā kumulāʻau no kēia, e eli ana i ka lau o ka mea i lalo o ka ʻāina, ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou me ka ʻoka o ka ʻanakala.

ʻO ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole nā manu anai nā huaʻilima, akā hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea no ke kanaka inā hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i nā hale mahiʻai a me nā hale i kumu no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi kūnana. I kēia hihia, hiki ke loaʻa nā aniani ma nā wahi i maloʻo a hoʻomehana ʻia.

Ke iho nei i nā paipu a pā
I loko o ka lua
I ka papa hoʻomehana
Ma lalo o ka papahele
I ka attic me ka hale o kēia manawa
Ma ka lalo o nā pā a me nā papa lāʻau
I nā kiʻi kiʻi lalo ma lalo o ka pālaʻi a me ka lumi kuke
Ma lalo o kahi wahie i kālai ʻia
Ma ka palena, pouch a gazebo paha

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala Termite i loko o ka māla, ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E ʻimi ana i kahi no kahi pānaʻi, koho nā termites i kahi e kokoke ai ka lāʻau maloʻo, no laila, e loaʻa ka manawa i loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi a pau i kūpono i kēia mau loina.

Mākia mai nā termites?

ʻO ka caste wale nō ka mea hiki ke pehu ka koa. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ke kiʻi hoʻonui ʻia o kona ʻelele, ʻike ʻoe i nā kiʻī nui kohu nui i ʻike nui i ka menacing. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana wale nō ka anai iā lākou e pale i ka nalo mai nā popo a i ka wā e hoʻokō ai i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka teritori me nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kahi hua'ōlelo ke hoʻopili iā ʻoe wale nō inā e ulana ʻoe i kāna pūnana me kou mau lima hānai. Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai, hoʻonaʻau ʻia, a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe like ka nui o kēia mau manu.

E hele paha kahi aniani i kahi maʻi?

Wahi a ka ʻike ʻepekema ʻo kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hua'ōlelo ke kau i ka maʻi i kānaka. Eia naʻe, hoʻoweliweli ka pili ʻana me nā mea inikua, ko lākou excrement, moult, ka lāʻau a me ka ʻāina kahi e noho ai lākou, hiki i kahi hopena a me ka hoʻonāukiuki. Eia kekahi, e like me ka hua mele, e like me ka ipo, e noho ana i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe ʻole, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi i nā maʻi bacteria, me nā pathogens, ma ko lākou mau kino.

ʻO kekahi pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e pili ana i ka termite i ka mū. Noho ka poʻe manu ola i ka lāʻau ʻōpala, ʻo ia kahi manawa he wahi kūpono no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ko lākou mau kino, ua hāʻawi aku nā pōpoki i ko lākou hoʻolaha. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa lōʻihi o ka pōpoki spora i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, hoʻomaka paha nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana hanu a i ʻole e ulu kino paha nā maʻi maʻi.

Nā loulou Papa Aila

Ma kahi e noho ai nā anai

ʻAʻole hiki i nā Termites ke ʻae i nā ʻino maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻoilo, no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā kiki a me nā subtropical climates, ʻoiai ko lākou mau kuʻuna i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Loaʻa ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo i ʻike ʻia ma ʻArika (ma kahi o 1000), Asia (ma kahi o 435), ʻAmelika Hema (ma kahi o 400) a me Australia (360). ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā huaʻōlelo termite e noho ma ʻAmelika Hema (ʻaʻole ma mua o 50) a me ʻEulopa (ma kahi o 10). Ma nā ʻāina o ka US US ma mua, he 7 mau ola e noho ana, ma Rūsia he 3 wale nō, a laila me ka neʻe ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ka noho o ka Far Eastern termite ma Vladivostok. ʻO kahi wale nō e noho ai i ka honua kahi i noho ʻole ai nā termites, ʻo ia ʻo Antarctica.

Nā haki Termite

ʻO ka mea nānā a me kahi hea nā nīnū nūnū e hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o nā pepeke. ʻO nā nīnū nui loa, e like me ka stalakite, e ulu ana mai ka honua mai, e kūkulu ʻia e nā hua ʻōlelo Aferika o nā ʻano Macrotermes bellicosus. Hiki i kā lākou hua'ōlelo ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe a kokoke 13 mau mika a loaʻa iā lākou ka lōʻihi a hiki i 30 mau mika ma ka pae. Ua like paha nā nest o ko lākou mau ʻohana liʻiliʻi e like me nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā pulu laulea, a i ʻole he mauʻu liʻiliʻi paha i ka ʻāina. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā anai ke hana i nā nests mai ka pālolo, ka hoʻolima kūʻokoʻa selulose, hoʻohana i ka pala, hoʻomaloʻo i nā ʻōpala a hāʻule i nā kumulāʻau no kēia, e eli ana i ka lau o ka mea i lalo o ka ʻāina, ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou me ka ʻoka o ka ʻū.

Ke iho nei i nā paipu a pā
I loko o ka lua
I ka papa hoʻomehana
Ma lalo o ka papahele
I ka attic me ka hale o kēia manawa
Ma ka lalo o nā pā a me nā papa lāʻau
I nā kiʻi kiʻi lalo ma lalo o ka pālaʻi a me ka lumi kuke
Ma lalo o kahi wahie i kālai ʻia
Ma ka palena, pouch a gazebo paha

He aha nā huaʻai aniani?

ʻO nā mea e ʻai ai ka anai e pili ana i ka mea i pili i nā kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka mea i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huaʻelima ʻai i nā humus, ka lāʻau, mauʻu, ka lau, nā aʻa kanu, excrement. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o nā huaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he cellulose. Loaʻa lākou i ka cellulose mai nā lāʻau a lākou e noho ai, akā inā huapili nā anai, a laila aia nā mea āpau e loaʻa ai kēia pūhui. Eia kekahi, pono ke:

Kāpili a me nā huahana āpau
Pepa
Linena
Nā ʻāpana pepa
Nā puke
ʻAkaʻaka
Kukū
ʻO kekahi mau pōpoki
Emulsifiers, thickeners a me stabilizer i ka meaʻai
Kulu hoʻomau kūkulu hale pepa
ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi Cellophane

ʻO nā huaʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika mai ka subfamily Macrotermitinae e hānai i nā kīla holopala holookoa ma kā lākou hoʻopulapula, e ulu ana i nā huaʻōlelo i kapa ʻia i nā mycoses - nā pua nāi i nā simbiosis me nā pepeke a hoʻomohala ʻole. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā microorganisms, e like me ka hiapo, akā e pili ana i nā ʻōpio, ka nui o nā pāpale e loaʻa ana i ka 1 mika ka lōʻihi.

Termites: pehea e ulu ai ka hoʻouka

Noho nā Termites i nā ʻāina mahana, no laila e ulu hou ana ka hana hou i ka makahiki a puni. Mālama wale nō nā manawa holo manuahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa a hāʻule mau ʻia ma luna o nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu no kēlā me kēia ʻano.

ʻO nā kāne a me nā kāne wahine hoʻopalike i ka wā o ka lele a loaʻa kahi wahi hou no ka waihona o ka kolone.
Kuwelu lākou i kahi e waiho ai i nā koena o kā lākou ola e hana ai i nā hua, a pani ʻia ka puka i loko.
Hoʻopau ka wahine i nā hua ma loko o ka lumi.
I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka hana ʻana i nā kolone, hiki iā ia ke waiho i nā hua he 20-40 i kēlā me kēia lā, i nā makahiki ma hope aʻe a hiki i ka 1,1 mau huaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā; hiki i nā poʻe wahine o nā ʻAmelika huaʻōlelo ʻo Macrotermes michaelseni ke hoʻopili i nā 40 tausani huaole i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka manawa like, ʻoi ka nui o ke kino o ke aliʻi termite nui ka nui o ke oki ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea ponoʻī, e kōkua ana ka poʻe hana iā ia i kēia.
Holo huaʻa nā hua like mai nā pākeke, akā keʻokeʻo a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka nui.
Holoi ʻo ʻōlaʻi i ka awelika o 7 mau kumumana o ka molting, huli mua i loko o nā nymphs, a laila i loko o kekahi kanaka o kekahi caste kūikawā, kahi e hilinaʻi nei i ka predisposition genetic a i ʻole pinepine i nā mea aniani e mālama ai i ka larva i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai a ʻo nā pheromones lākou e mālama ai.
ʻO kahi pōkō holoʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ulu ʻana a me ka loli, e pili ana i ke ʻano a me nā kūlana.

Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana i kanaka makua o ko lākou caste, hoʻokō nā mea pepeke āpau i kāna mau hana. ʻO ka mōʻī a me ke aliʻi wahine, nā kānaka hana a me nā koa ʻaʻole i waiho i ka palaho. Hiki i nā mea kūlohelohe hou ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka holo hou o ka holo ʻana i ka wā i hiki mai ai ka manawa o ka lele.

Hoʻomaopopo

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka anaiite

ʻO wai ka mea hana maoli i nā huaʻōlelo e hilinaʻi nui i ka ʻāina a me ke kūlana a lākou e kamaʻilio nei. Ma nā ʻāpana a me ʻAmelika, he mau mea kaukahi, nā manu, nā mea inikini a me nā mamalia, ʻo kā lākou meaʻai ua kokoke loa e pili pono ana i nā anai. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau holoholona he termitophages. ʻO nā holoholona i kahi o nā huaʻōlelo menu hoʻokahi wale nō o nā kīʻaha, ʻoi aku. Ma ka hema o Rūsia hiki iā ia:

Eia naʻe, ʻo nā ʻenemi maikaʻi loa o nā termite he mau ʻōpala. ʻO ia e pale iā lākou mai nā muʻu i hua ʻōlelo no ka hoʻokumu nui ʻana o ka poʻe koa. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā ʻano hana aʻoaʻo i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā popo a me ka pale ʻana i nā nests o nā termite e noʻonoʻo a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ma ka kaulike, he mea e ʻōlelo ʻia aia kekahi ʻano o nā huaʻaleʻa e kāʻili iā lākou iho i ka popo a me nā hōʻino i kā lākou mau ʻuhane me nā ala ʻole.

Termites: pehea lākou e pilikia ai i ke kanaka

Inā hoʻomaka nā aniani i ka hale a i ʻole ka māla, hoʻomaka nā nīnau e pili ana i ka pōʻino o lākou no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, inā lākou ʻuʻuku a he aha nā mea e pōʻino ai ka waiwai e kali mai nei iā ʻoe.

Mākia mai nā termites?

E hele paha kahi aniani i kahi maʻi?

No ke aha e ʻona maikaʻi ai nā anai no ka home?

ʻO ka ʻeha kahi hoʻoweliweli wale nō i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona, akā, ʻo ka hale hoʻi i lawe ʻia ai nā termites. No ka mea e noho a nā pepeke i loko o nā mea kanu, kanu lākou "kanu" i ka ulu hohonu i loko o ka ululāʻau, ka mea e ʻokiʻoki i ke kaʻawale ʻana.

Nā loulou Papa Aila

Hiki i kahi kolone o ka anaiia ke hōʻeha nui i nā hale lāʻau. ʻO ka pilikia nui, ʻaʻole e hōʻike nā pepeke i ko lākou hele ʻana i kekahi ʻano a hiki i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka manawa o ka lele. ʻO ka manawa pinepine loa i kēia manawa ua hōʻino loa ʻia nā mea e nā pōpoki. Hiki ke hōʻike pololei ʻia ka nui o nā aniani me ka mauʻu liʻiliʻi ma ka lāʻau a me ka maloʻo, nā puʻu pele ma ka papahele a puni nā ʻāpana a me kahi nui o nā ʻēheu e pālahalaha ʻia, akā hiki i kēia mau ʻike ke ʻike i ka ʻai ʻana i nā pōʻaiapili ʻē aʻe, no laila inā ʻike nā huaʻai i ka hale, pono e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua i nā poʻe loea, inā ʻaʻole pono paha ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mea mai ko lākou hele mai ma mua o ke kumukūʻai ʻo hoʻokahi lāʻau lapaʻau e ka ʻumi mau manawa.

Nā hale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

Ke lilo nei ka hale hoʻokele waiwai i ka ʻimi i Rusia i kēia mau lā, ʻoiai ke kūkulu nei ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hale noho haʻahaʻa. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻenehana kūloko a me nā mea waiwai no ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o kahi hale haʻahaʻa hana, hiki ke hoʻēmi i ka manawa hana, ʻoihana hoʻi o nā rawa hana hana a me nā hana hana.

Papa hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻO ka poli polistyrene palahalaha wale nō ka mea i hiki ke hoʻohana e hōʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻokumu. ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i nā hopena ola o ka lepo (ʻaʻole i pala), ʻaʻole ia i ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o XPS no ka insulasi a me ka wai ʻole o nā kūmaha a me nā socles o nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka palapala a Rosstroy o ka RF.

Pāheʻe pālolo

Pahu ʻia ka thermal insitation a me nā papa kūkulu hale i ka pale o nā papa o nā papahele mua, nā pā hale, nā keʻena wai, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā papa wai o ka pā hale, kahi e pono ai ke kaila penu, wai hoʻomalu o nā papa hoʻopihapiha.

Hoʻolaha lime lumi

I nā lumi me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe - kahi wai, spa, loko, hammam - hiki i nā mea hale hana kahiko ke hoʻoheheʻe i lalo. No kahi paʻa lōʻihi, lōʻihi a me nā wā hou i loko o nā lumi maloʻo, hoʻohana ʻia kahi pā hale, no ka hana ʻana o ka lumi kaukau - ka momona polystyrene extruded.

Kahouale i loko

E hoʻopili pono i nā paia i ke kūlana o ka "hoʻoponopono maloʻo", e hoʻomālamalama i nā paia mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka lumi, e kūkulu i nā kahele a me nā ʻano hana i loko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pā hale. E hoʻowalewale i nā paia mai loko mai o ka lumi, hoʻohana pū kahi mea hoʻomehana. I ka hoʻonaniʻana o nā kīkaha o nā puka makani a me nā puka, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke kāwili.

Pākahi, hoʻohuihui hale

E hoʻomoʻa i ka pale o ka hale, hoʻohana kahi mea hoʻomehana, e uhi ana mai luna mai me ka siding, lāʻau, ka mea kila. Inā makemake ʻoe e plaster i ka facade ma hope o ka insulasi, pono e hoʻohana i ka pā hale kūkulu hale, ʻo ia kahi "facade wet" i ka pau ʻana o ka hana i mākaukau a mākaukau no ka mea hoʻonaninani.

Ka hoʻomālamalama loggia

Hāʻawi ka hoʻohuihui iā ʻoe ke hopohopo e pili ana i ka manuahi, ʻalalē, ke kāʻei i ka loggia. A e wikiwiki i ka hopena, e hoʻohana i ka papa kūkulu hale ma mua o XPS. No ka hoʻopiha opaque, hoʻopau i ka loggia a i ʻole balkila mai waho, hoʻohana ʻia nā pā lole kāwili me kahi hilo o ka pepa PVC.

Pākeʻi pulu

ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻomehana thermal o ka hale e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele i ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hale holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keʻena ma lalo o ka hale e lilo i kahi o ka lumi o ka hale (mansard roofs). ʻAʻole hoʻoili ka poli polistyrene i ka lula, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka manawa o ke ola o ka hale, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻemi i nā mea hoʻomohala wela.

ʻEnehana ʻoihana

Pākuʻi ʻia ka thermal insuction no ka hoʻohiolo ʻōmaika o ka pā, kahua a me nā paia o nā hale ʻoihana, no ka hana ʻana i kahi hale ʻē aʻe, nā wili māmā. Kūleʻa ka waiwai o ka hoʻomehana hoʻāla maikaʻi ʻia me ka māmā a me ka paʻa i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūkulu hale kūʻai. Kuhi ʻia kahi papa hale no ka hoʻoliina ʻana o nā hale kūʻai ma nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. A no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā keʻena, ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me nā hoʻolaha ʻana i waho, he kūpono kahi papa ʻāina.

ʻO ka pauʻana o "nā hale hoʻokipa"

“Nā wīwī o ke anuanu” he mau pālule interpanel o ka hale, nā pā hale paʻa, nā kumu lāʻau o nā hale i kūkulu ʻia, nā kihi o kahi hale, nā puka makani, nā ʻīpuka. Ma o kēlā mau alahaka, ua hoʻohemo ka lumi. ʻO kahi hopena i hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā "nā hoʻokele maloʻo" e ka hoʻomālamalama wela me ka pahuhopu polystyrene extruded i loko a i waho i waho o ka hale.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā paila

Hoʻohana ia no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā pipeline e hoʻohana ai no ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana me nā wela a hiki i +75 degere. Hoʻopili holo ia ka pā i ka paipa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka līlū lima a iʻa hoʻi i ke kaula kila. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paipa e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ke ola o ka lawelawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana loea ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.

Kahi alanui

Hoʻohana kūlohelohe ka thermal i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui, nā alanui a me nā alahele. Mahalo i ka papala hoʻohuihui wela ma ka pae, hoʻomehana ʻole a ka ʻūhū ʻana o ka lepo i ka haʻalele, e ʻae ʻia i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā alanui me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokele ʻana, ka manawa a me nā kumu hana.

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