Aupuni: | Nā holoholona |
Kahi: | Kiʻi |
Hoʻopiʻi: | Nā Kūlana |
ʻAeke | Nā Pākuʻi |
Moulou | Plalani |
Kaulana: | Pono ʻia |
Kiʻi papa: | Psoobraznye |
Ohana: | Nā kelepona i hoʻopau |
Nā kelepona i hoʻopau (Otariidae) - he ʻohana ʻohana kumumana, i helu ʻia e like me ke ʻano o kēia mau manaʻo i ke ʻano o ka karnivorous, a me nā walrus a me nā ʻohana hānai i nā superfamily psiform. I kēia manawa, ua hīmeni ʻia nā aniani pepeiao, me nā ʻīlio maoli, kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Ua loaʻa ka ʻohana i kāna inoa ʻepekema i ka makahiki 1825 mai ka makahiki zoologist Pelekane ʻo John Edward Grey. Nui a me ke kaupaonaʻO nā holoholona nui a ʻihiʻoki nui: ke kaupaʻa ʻana mai 150 a 1100 kg. He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka dimorphism ka ʻelemakule: ʻo nā ʻelemakule ʻelima mau manawa ma mua o nā wahine. Ua loaʻa i nā leona moana ʻo Kanaka Nui ka nui o ka 2.5 m, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ke kino wahine o nā pulu manu a Galapagos he 1 m wale nō. KūwauWahi a kekahi mau hōʻailona, ʻike ʻia nā hilo pepeiao i kahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pinnipeds mai kā lākou hui kūpuna - cubs bear prima. Ua mālama lākou i nā auricles cartilaginous liʻiliʻi (e hāʻawi ana i ka inoa i ka ʻohana), i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. Mālama ka laulā i nā liona kai a mākaʻi, pohō i ka lei kolo. ʻO ke kala, he kānāwai, he brownish, ʻaʻohe kāwili a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o nā kelima pepeiao, elongated, me ka maka puʻupuʻu a me ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. Maluna o ke kamaʻilioPehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi hōʻailona hina mai kahi hōʻailona paʻa? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hilahila nō paha ka poʻe he nui iā lākou. ʻAʻole ia he hewa ka kapa ʻana i kahi hōʻailona honi, akā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo nā loea e kapa aku i kahi hōʻailona honi. Eia nō naʻe, he wahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā holoholona me nā flippers e noho ana i nā kai, nā loko a i nā kai a ko mākou honua honua i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāina Baltic. Ke haʻi aku nei wau iā ʻoe i ke kumu i kapa ʻole ʻia ai ka inoa "pinnipeds", pehea e ʻike ai nā hōʻailona kelepona i nā mea maoli, a pehea hoʻi ka nui o nā kelima e noho ai ma Rūsia. ʻIke ʻole nā pinnipeds i waho! ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waho o ka maʻamau, mākou nā holoholona āpau me nā mea pili ma mua o nā paws i kapa ʻia nā pinnipeds - nā welo hulu, nā kohu hina, a me nā walruses. Eia nō naʻe, ua lōʻihi nā ʻepekema i kēia ʻāpana mai ka papa inoa o kēia mau lā. Wahi a nā kumuhana hou, he mau kūpuna kēia mau holoholona. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā walruses e kokoke loa i nā bea - mai laila mai ke poʻo, nā hulu ʻulaʻula, a me nā lauric liʻiliʻi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hele kēia mau holoholona i loko o ka wai ma ka Pakipika o ka Pakipika, ʻoiai ke loaʻa o nā mea mua o ka pūlima pepeiao i loaʻa ma Palani, i loko o ka palaki Atlantika. A c malu loa nā pili pili pono o kēia mau sila. Mai laila, kahi elongated spindle-kino kino a me nā limu pōkole e pili ana i ke kino. No ka manawa mua, iho mai nā ʻīlio maoli i ka wai ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika kahawai. ʻO nā kaulima o nā sila a me nā pepeiao, a me nā walruses, i hoʻomohala ʻia - ma kahi ʻano ʻōnaehana: ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole kūpono loa nā wāwae a nā holoholona e hānai ana i ka wai. ʻO ia ma kahi o nā pahu like ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā haki pepeiao i nā mea maoli. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hope ke kū i ka pale hope, a ke neʻe nei i ka ʻāina e huki wale lākou iā lākou. Akā ʻo ka Liona moana ʻo Steller - kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka ʻohana kua mua - hiki ke leʻa i ka pīpī me ke kapakai: a ke kū nei ko lākou mau wāwae iki i loko o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a like hoʻi me ka wāwae pālolo. ʻAu e noho ai nā sila. I ka ʻĀkau Hikina Nui, noho nā ʻīlio pepeiao i ka Moana Pakipika. A ma ke kūkulu hema - loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kihi ʻākau o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema ma ka moana o ka ʻAmelika, a ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao komohana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Ausetalia ma ka Moana Inikua. Noho ʻo Walruses ma nā kai ʻo Artctic a me nā waihona ʻāina o ka Pākīpika a me ʻAmelika - ma ka laulā, a puni ka Pole ʻĀina. Makemake kekahi maulima maoli i nā wai anuanu - i loko o nā polar a i ʻole ke kahalulu. ʻO ka mea wale wale nō ka sila no ka hōʻailona kuʻikuʻu. Noho ka ʻpuna o kēia holoholona holoholona i ka ʻeleʻele i ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me ka Pakipika e kokoke ana i ka paeʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. Aia nō hoʻi ma ka honua nā ʻekolu o nā kime wai kai, a ʻelua e noho ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Russia. ʻO kēia ka Baikal hōʻailona a me nā subspecies o Ladoga o ke sila hōʻailona. ʻO ke kolu o ka wai poma kolu o ka hōʻailona paʻa i ka Saimaa, ʻo ia wale nō ka hopena i waena o nā momi ma Finlandia. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka hana hou i ka wai hou i loaʻa me ka manawa kūpono, a ua pili ʻia me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā glacier. Ma mua iho, noho nā ʻīlio i nā kai, a i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mea hoʻonani, kaawale lāua i ka ʻāina kūloko. A hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka wai hou. Ma ke ala, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e hiki wale i ke sila ʻo Baikal ke ʻano he hōʻailona paʻa wai maoli. A ʻo nā kekona ʻo Saimaa lāua ʻo Ladoga nā mea huna wai wale nō o ke kai hōʻailona. Pehea nā kiʻi? ʻO ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlima pepeiao pepeiao he 7 genera a, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole, 14 a 15 mau ʻano. ʻElua wale nō mau mea e noho ana ma Lūkia - ʻo ka ʻona kai, a ʻo ka liona moana ʻākau, a me ke silaona hulu ʻākau. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma ka Lūkini a me nā International Red Books. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka liona moana, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻūhā ʻākau ʻoi aku ka mea palupalu, e like me ka helu o ka IUCN. I ka ʻohana o nā kelima maoli - 13 genera a mai 18 a 24 mau ʻano, e like me nā papa like ʻole. Aia he 9 mau ʻano ma Lūkini - largha, a i ʻole nā mea i ʻoki poʻipoʻi, ka hōʻailona ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole kevak, nā hōʻailona alima, ʻo Caspian seal, Baikal seal, hare moana, a i ʻole lakhtak, hōʻailona kihi, ke kolo haki, a i ʻole hōʻailona kīkē, a me ka hōʻailona harpa. ʻO nā honi Monk, kahi i noho ai i ka Pōʻele i ka nui a me ka hapa mau hapa ma mua o ke kahakai o Caucasus a me Crimea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau māka i nā wai o Rūsia a me nā ʻāina CIS. Kokoke ʻia nā hōʻailona āpau ma ka puke ʻ Redlelo Lūkia. Hāʻawi ʻia e hopu i nā ʻalā kai, nā kai kūlima, nā kohu Baikal a me ka nui. Nā LimbsHe nui nā ʻōno, he nui ka hakahaka (manuahi ʻole mai ka huluhulu) a hoʻopau i ke kapa scalloped-cartilaginous rim, e hoʻoikaika ana i ko lākou ʻaoʻao a hoʻonui i ka papahele. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā fl fl Hind me nā pale lima, hoʻoulu maikaʻi i nā manamana waena. ʻAʻohe cīpī ma nā wāwae o mua a i ʻole ko lākou wā'ōpiopio. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāmaʻa keu: ʻo ka lōʻihi o lākou ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 25% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Ma ka ʻāina, e kākoʻo ana nā forelimb i ke kino, kūlou ma ke kihi ʻākau i nā lima. ʻAʻole e like me nā hōʻailona paʻa, i nā ʻīlio pepeiao, nā pale hope, i ka wā e neʻe ana ma kahi paʻakikī, e kūlou pū hoʻi i ke kuʻi kuʻekuʻe, e kākoʻo ana i ke kino. I ka wai, ke hoʻolauna nei nā forelimb e like me nā ʻenekehi lokomotor, nā wāwae ʻōpili i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i mau rudder. KālāHāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻāpana mahana o nā hemispheres ʻelua. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau nona, loaʻa wale nō ma ka Moana Pakipika, ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, Asia (mai ke Bering Sea a hiki i Korea), mai New Zealand a me kekahi mau mokupuni ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me Galapagos. Ma ka Hema Hemolele, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema (ʻAmelika Hema) a me South Australia Australia (India Ocean). ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka weheweheKiʻi ʻ Elelo ʻO nā liona moana o Steller, a i ʻole nā pepeiao pepeiao, he wailele, nā holoholona mamm no nā ʻohana walrus (OTARIIDAE) o nā pinnipeds subclass. He holoholona kahiko nā holoholona. Kū aʻe ka ʻohana hōʻailona i ka wā o ka Miocene lalo. ʻO ka ʻānua nā mai mai kahakai o ka Pākīpika o ʻApelika ʻAmelika. I kēlā mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona ma mua o nā kanaka. Eia naʻe, i ka wā o ka loli, ua loli nā holoholona. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlima pepeiao i ka inoa i ka makahiki 1825 i ka mahalo i ka zoologist Pelekane kaulana ʻo John Edward Grey i aʻo i kēia ʻano. He ʻohana nui e pili ana i nā ʻīlima pepeiao e like me nā mea he 7 a me nā mea he 14. Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻonaHoʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona pepeiao? ʻOkoʻa nā alima i loaʻa i nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe ma ke alo o nā auricles. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona paʻa i ke kino vertebral. Ma kahi o nā wāwae, nā manamana lima manamana lima manamana lima, nā manamana lima ma nā manamana lima o nā hope. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā manamana lima me ka membrane puʻupuʻu lahilahi, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke holo wikiwiki i ka wai. Hōʻalo i nā haki nā lehelehe mai ka wai a holo lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi. Hoʻolālā ke kelepona i kahi ʻōnaehana niho hānai. Ma ka pāpaha haʻahaʻa he 5 mau molars, 2 incisors a me nā canine. Ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka holoholona he 5 mau molale, 3 incisors a me 1 canine. He 34 mau niho koʻikoʻi i ka iwi o nā ʻīlio. Hānau ʻia nā hona me nā niho waiū, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina i ka hoʻololi ʻia e nā niho kumu no ka mea e ʻai ai nā ʻīlio i ka iʻa, ka ʻalā a me ka ʻalū i nā iwi a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka muzzle o nā sila ka pōkole, kahi kīwili o ke sila e like me ke kaʻe o ka bear. He helehelena pōkole ka maka, he lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī. ʻElua mau pepeiao ma ke poʻo o nā ʻīlio pepeiao. ʻO ka mea e wehe i kēia ʻano ma nā sila maʻamau. Wikiō: Hoʻohālikelike UwilaKūwau. I ka wā hānau, loaʻa nā lauoho keʻokeʻo fluffy, kahi e loli ma ka hina-brown. I ka lauoho lauoho o nā sila o kahi kekona i lalo ko lalo o ka underfur. Ka mea e ʻae ai i nā sila i noho i ka mahana a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ka lole ponoʻī o kahi pākeke kekahi palupalu a he poholo. ʻAno ke kala o ke kapa. ʻAʻohe hiʻohiʻona kala a i ʻole kālai ʻia ma ke kapa. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o nā hōʻailona paʻa i ka nui, mau mākihi a me ka lulu me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ka huelo liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ma ka ʻāina ua nānā mau ʻia nā sila, a ua like ka sila me ka peke a me ka ʻeke, i loko o ka wai me ka nani a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka sila ma ka ʻauʻau hele ʻana i ka 17 mau hola i ka hola. Kīleʻa ka hana o ke ʻano gait ma nā silahe, he holoholona e neʻe ana i ka ʻāina, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i kona kino kiʻekiʻe, me he mea lā e pōloli ana i nā pua. I ka wai, hoʻopili ʻia nā sila me nā palaka e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka hope o ke kino e like me ka roudder. ʻO nā holoholona he nui nā holoholona. ʻO kahi pālaha huluhulu kāne ʻelima ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a 3 mika a me ke kaumaha o kahi pākeke ke hiki i 1 ton, e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻano. Loaʻa pinepine nā wahine i nā manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka maʻamau o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻīlio pepeiao he 24 a i 30 mau makahiki, e pili ana i ke ʻano o kahi mea i loaʻa i kekahi kanaka a me kekahi wahi. Ke noho maʻamauʻO nā holoholona hilo i nā holoholona he pipi polgamous. He mau maʻamau maʻamau lākou nā geophiles, rookeries (fallows) i ka wā kanu a hoʻoheheʻe wale ʻia i nā kahakai. Hōʻalo ʻia ka hau. Hoʻomaʻa lākou i ke kai. ʻO ka pō a me ka lā. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, cephalopods, a liʻiliʻi a ma ka crustaceans. ʻO nā mea ʻauʻau lawaiʻa maikaʻi: ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka ʻauʻau o ka leona kai o Kaleponi ma lalo o ka wai e hiki ai i 17 km / h, ke silaona hū ʻākau - 26 km / h. Ma ka ʻāina, ua hauʻoliʻuku lākou, ka neʻe ʻana, e hilinaʻi ana ma luna o nā limu āpau a kau ʻana i ko lākou ʻāʻī i hope ikaika a hoʻi aku. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hulu honu a me ke kūkulu hema e nā neʻe maʻamau. No ka hapanui, ʻo polygamy kekahi ʻano. I ka wā ulu, ua ʻike ʻia nā kāne ma luna o nā rookeries ma mua o nā wahine a me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina. Ua hele mai nā wahine ma hope a ua māhele ʻia i ka harems mai 3 a 40 mau kanaka, ʻo ka nui o ka harem i hilinaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka nui o ke kāne. Ma kahakai, hānau ka wahine i nā puʻupuʻu mai ka wā i hala a mua i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka estrus. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpaiʻana ma muli o ka lohi i ka implantation hua manu mai 250 a 365 lā. ʻAʻole nā kāne i komo i ka hānai ʻana o nā cub. ʻO ka lactation i nā wahine maʻamau ka lōʻihi o 3-4 mau mahina. ʻAuhea e noho ai ka hōʻailona pepeiao?Kuhi: kahi hōʻailona paʻa loa, he liona moana ʻO ka kahi maʻamau o nā sila i nā pepeiao. ʻO ia ka kahakai o ka moana Arctic, ke Kaiʻula. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau pahu kime i ke kahakai kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho nā seila ma nā helu he nui ma nā kahakai o ka Atlantika. Aia nō hoʻi ma nā mokupuni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā mokupuni ʻo St Helena Island, ka mokupuni ʻo Easter ma Costa Rica a me Hawaii. Aia kahi hōʻailona kipa e kipa ana i ka ʻākau ʻĀina o New Zealand. Hōʻalo ʻia nā heluna kānaka e nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ke kūʻai ʻole ʻia ka wai i ka aniani no ka mea paʻa i nā pepeiao. Pēlā nō, no nā hōʻailona, kahi wahi ʻai ʻole maikaʻi ʻole. I ke ao hou i kēia mau kai, ua pau ka nui o ka iʻa. Eia naʻe ke kumu o ka moana a me nā kaiʻai a puni ka honua ua make ʻino a make wale nā iʻa. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka hopu nui ʻana i nā iʻa e nā kānaka a maʻamau ʻole hoʻi i nā haki nā meaʻai e waiho pono iā lākou iho. No laila, noho nā sila i kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi sila kahi holoholona holoholona, haki ana i kahi hōʻailona i ka wai. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻana, hele ka ʻīlio pepeiao i ka ʻāina ma hoʻokumu i ka rookeries. Mea ʻaiI ka nui o nā ʻōlima pepeiao, he laulā ka laulima. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau silahe huluhulu Antarctic, nona ka ʻai i aneane piha ma ke krill. I nā ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka papaʻai, e like me ke kānāwai, nā ʻano iʻa o nā kula kula liʻiliʻi, citi, a me nā ʻano crustaceans like ʻole. Hoʻokumu kekahi mau ʻano liona moana i nā manu, e like me nā penguins a i ʻole ka ulu ʻōpio o nā ʻano ʻē. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻā kekahi mau mea i ʻālo i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā sila, ua maopopo ʻole ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Wahi a kekahi ʻano, ke hoʻolilo nei lākou i ka pōkole, ka mea e ʻae ʻole e lele i ka manawa lōʻihi, a e like me kekahi, mālama lākou i ka pale ʻana mai ke kaohi parasitite. He aha ka pepeiao pepeiao e ʻai ai?Kiʻi ʻ Elelo ʻO ka laulima o nā meaʻai o nā ʻīlima pepeiao. He iʻa ʻano ʻano iʻa like ʻole o nā puaʻa liʻiliʻi, nā pīpī a me nā crustaceans, mollusks o nā plankton like ʻole. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻīlio manuahi ke leʻaleʻa i kahi manu. ʻO nā ʻōlima huluhulu Atlantika kekahi o nā mākaʻehā loa o kēia mau ʻano i makemake ʻia i ka krill wale no ka meaʻai. ʻO kekahi manawa, ma muli o ka pōloli, e hoʻouka kekahi o nā ʻīlena mua i nā pika. Ua kaulana ʻia kēlā mau pōhaku liʻiliʻi ma loko o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio make, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia pehea a ke kumu no ka ale ʻana o nā mea huna. No ka hānai ʻana, kau nā ʻīlio i ka wai a hopu i ka iʻa. ʻAʻole paʻakikī i ka iʻa me ka hōʻailona. Me ke kōkua o kā lākou poʻe puhi manu, ʻike ʻia nā vibro-seals i nā iʻa i lalo. Manaʻo kahi hōʻailona i ka hanu o kahi iʻa e hūnā ana i ka neʻe nui i loko o ke one. ʻAʻohe manaʻo maopopo, akā i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi flounder i kanu ʻia i ke one ma ka palena o ka sila o ka sila, he mau sekona wale nō ka lawa. Pono kēia mau holoholona nui i ka meaʻai nui, no laila ka hoʻohana ka sila i ka hapa o ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Ka weliweli o ka hoʻopauʻOiai ʻo ka poʻe mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mōʻaukala e ʻimi nei i nā ʻīlima a me nā leona, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli a hōʻeha i nā kenekulia i hala. ʻOiai ke piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka Hema ʻAmelika Hema i ka 16th kenekulia, akā i ka luku ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana o nā koloni holoʻokoʻa i ka kenekulia 18. Ma waena o 1786 a 1867, ua like me 2.5 miliona mau ʻāpana hulu ākea i hoʻopau ʻia, aʻo ka ʻāpana Antartika ua pau i hoʻopau ʻia e nā hopena o ke kenekulia 19 ma ka Pōʻalima ʻo Pribylov i ke kai ʻo Bering. Hōʻailona ka liona moana no Japanese (Zalophus) i hala. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hanaKiʻi ʻoni: Nui Eared Seal Ke alakaʻi nei nā hōʻailona i kahi noho mālie. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona paʻa i ka manawa o ka wai ma loko, me ka hopu a me ka hiamoe pū kekahi manawa. Hōʻailona nā mea i loko o ka wai me ka palalupepa, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka sila ma luna o ka wai no ka momona o ka subcutaneous. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi hōʻailona ke hiamoe ma ka hohonu o nā mau mika mai ia manawa ka manawa, e kaʻe ana mai ka manawa i kēlā me kēia manawa, ke lawe ʻana i mau hanu a me ka hanu ʻana. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ala o ka holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona i noho mālie a maluhia. Ma muli o kona nui nui, ʻaeʻole nā walruses no nā ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū, ʻaʻohe o lākou hopohopo. Ma ka wā wili a me ka hilo ʻana i nā sila e hele ai i uka. ʻAʻole like me nā walruses, nā ʻīlio pepeiao e pale i ka hau a hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou rookeries ma nā kahakai. Hoʻohana nā ʻōlapa ma ke ao a me ka pō. ʻO nā mea hōʻailona i mālamaʻia he holoholona polygamous gregarious. Mālama lākou i kā lākou poʻe mamo, hiki ke hana pū me nā sila ʻē aʻe.Ma mua o ka wā e kahakaha ai, hoʻokaʻawale nā kāne i ke ʻano āpau, a pale iā ia mai ka ulu ʻana o nā malihini i kēia ʻāina. ʻAno mau nā leʻe mau pau, a hōʻike lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana inā he hoʻoweliweli wale nō i ke kūʻē mai iā lākou a i kā lāua mau lālā paha. Me ka mahalo i nā kānaka, he palekana loa ka hilo pepeiao. ʻAʻole e hoʻoweliweli ka hōʻailona i nā kānaka, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻia nei nā hihia e ʻaihue ai ke kauā i kahi kauwā ma luna o nā moku, me ka ʻole e hoʻopā a aloha ʻole i nā poʻe. Eia naʻe, hiki i kēia holoholona nui ke hōʻeha a hōʻeha paha i kahi kanaka, aiʻole i kahi holoholona kokoke. Kekahi mau ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo manuahi a me nā kohu e hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi a me nā poʻe. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana houKiʻi ʻĀkau: Baby Eared Seal E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻo nā sila o nā ʻīlio pepeiao he hui o nā holoholona polygamous. Ma ka maʻamau ʻo lākou e noho ai i nā pipi nui e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā mea ʻoki ma ke kahakai i ka wā hana a me ka wā molting. I ka wā kahakaha, hele aku nā kāne ma mua ma mua o nā wahine, hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano a pale iā ia. Ma hope e hele mai ka wahine ma uka. Ma ka moku'āina, ua wāwahi nā kāne i nā mele mele, i hiki ai mai 3 a 40 mau wahine. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona paʻa i ka wā poperty ma ka makahiki 3 a hiki i ka 7 mau makahiki, e hilinaʻi ana i ka moena kahi i noho ai kēlā kanaka. Hanau ʻia nā sila ma ke kai. Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, ulu ʻia ʻo ka male ʻana. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona i kahi lōʻihi o kahi gestation e lōʻihi kokoke ana i hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka wā hānau keiki, hānau ʻia kekahi wahine i kekahi manawa, ʻelua mau ʻehā. Hōʻailona ka uhi liʻiliʻi mai ke poʻo a hiki i ke keokeo me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kekahi mau ʻie a me nā hulu fluffy. Mālama ka makuahine i ka poʻe ʻōpio me ka waiū. Lactation a hiki aku i ʻekolu malama, ma hope o ka ʻōlelo makuahine i nā keiki i ka iʻa. I ka wā hānau, ua hoʻokahi nā pēpē pēpē i hoʻokahi o nā niho pēpē, akā no ka manawa o ka wā e hāʻule ai nā niho pēpē a ua puka mai nā molika ʻeke i ko lākou wahi. Hiki ke ʻai i nā iʻa a me nā iala. Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i ka hānai keiki. ʻAʻole ka makua a me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻeke i ka hana ʻana i nā keiki. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā kāne, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā pipi wahine, e kiaʻi i ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e komo i ko lākou wahi. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā hōʻailona paʻaNā kiʻi: ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, a i ʻole leona moana Stell ʻOiai he holoholona nui nā ʻīlio pepeiao, he nui iki ko lākou mau ʻenemi, akā mau nō naʻe lākou. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻīlio pepeiao.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻanoHoʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona pepeiao? Ua kau inoa ʻia nā hōʻailona ma nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me ke kūlana o nā "Spies me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā helu ma ka hapa nui o nā hale". Mālama ʻia nā holoholona a pāpā ʻia aku ʻole ka lawaiʻa. He kūlana koʻikoʻi nā kai i nā mea ʻenika o nā kai. ʻO ke kūpono o kahi ʻano nui i mea nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike kūloko ʻana. Mālama 'ia kēia ʻano ma Koryaksky, Komandorsky, Kronetsnorsky mālama ʻia. Hoʻopau ʻia ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona ma ka Lūkini Lūkini a me nā ʻāina he nui. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi makana nui no ka hopu a me ke kuʻi ʻana i nā sila. Nā ʻ Seallelo Mīkini KākoʻoKuhi: Kekuhi-pepeiao pepeiao ʻO nā kaʻina e pale ai i kēia ʻano pili:
Hoʻopiʻi paʻa - He hana maoli kēia i ke ʻano. Nā nui nā kānaka nunui i koe i ka nui o nā heihei. Pono e mālama pono ʻia ka poʻe e pili ana i kēia ʻano, no ka mea, heʻuʻuku ʻia nā ʻīlio mua i koe. Pono kākou e makaʻala i nā pili o nā holoholona. Mai hoʻohaumia i ke kai a me nā loko wai i mea e mālama ai i ka helehelena no nā hanauna heʻe. ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻailona pepeiaoHoʻopiʻi paʻa Hoʻohui nui inoa mau ʻano ʻano pinnipeds. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau mammals i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ke alo o nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlio pepeiao he 9 mau hē hulu manu, 4 mau ʻano o nā liona moana a me nā liona moana. Loko loa ʻohana ʻohana pepeiao 14 komo mai nā ʻano holoholona holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā ʻelele a pau o kēia mau ʻano he predator. Loaʻa ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka wai, kahi lākou e hoʻohana ai i nā mākau maikaʻi o ka poʻe holo. Ma ka ʻāina, he mau aloha nā sila, e holo mālie. Hōʻike lākou i ka hana like i ka pō a me ke ahiahi. ʻAkahi ke kala, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolima huluhulu momona He lei kala kona me ka hina brown, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka hōʻailona ma ke kino. Hiki i ka hulu ke kaupalena a mānoanoa, ʻo kēia ka mea maʻamau o nā hiona hulu, akā hiki ke, ʻo ia ke kūlike i ka ʻili, hana i kahi uhi mau, ʻo ia nei kēia ʻano pili i nā hiona hulu. Nui nā kaula laulima a pau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pinepine o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. ʻO ka paona o kahi pākeke, ma muli o nā ʻano, hiki mai 200 a 1800 kg. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke ʻano o 100 a 400 cm. He kino elongated ke kino me ka puʻupuʻu pōkole a me ka puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻōpiopio mua, me ke kōkua o kā lākou holoholona i ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole nui a koʻikoʻi paha nā wāwae hānai, akā ua lako lākou i nā paʻa lima. ʻAʻohe mākaʻi i nā mua o ka mua, a kū ʻole i ke ʻano o ke primordia. Ke ʻauʻau nei, ke pāʻani nei nā forelimb i ka hana nui, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻūhā hind i ka hoʻoponopono. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā huahelu o nā ʻīlio, ʻo ka nui o nā niho he 34-38, e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻano ʻano. Hānau ʻia kahi hōʻailona pēpē me nā niho waiū, akā ma hope o 3-4 mau mahina e hina ai lākou a ulu nā molars ikaika i ko lākou wahi. ʻO ka wāe a me ka lōʻihi o kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona e paʻa aiMa mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, ʻaʻole pono ke hele i nā haki pepeiao i ka ʻāina no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā e hoʻomau mau i ka wai. Ma laila lākou e hānai ai iā lākou iho a hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻaʻa. I ka wā e hiki mai ai, ʻo nā kāne ka mea mua i ka ʻāina a e wikiwiki i kahi i hānau mua ai lākou. Mai ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻai i ka hakakā no nā wahi kahakai maikaʻi loa loa. Wahi a nā haʻawina, ua hōʻike ʻia e pili ana kēlā me kēia makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻike ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻāina, i ka wā e kikilaki ai nā kāne kahi i wahi no ia, hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka ʻāina. Mālama nā hōʻailona e ʻohi i ka nui o nā wahine ma luna o nā ʻāina i lanakila, ʻoiai, me ke kōkua o ka ikaika kā lākou e huki i ka wahine i kā lākou waiwai. Ke koho ʻana i nā wahine, pepeiao nā ʻīlio pepeiao i ka hoʻokūkū. I kekahi manawa i ke kaua no ka harem, hiki i ka wahine ke ʻeha. Ma kēia māhelehele, hiki i ka 50 mau wahine ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia i kahi sila kāne kāne. ʻOi loa ka hapa nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wī wahine lanakila i ka wahine a maʻa, ma hope o ka manawa o ka lawaiʻa hope. Noho ka wahine hāpai ma ka lā 250 a 365 mau lā. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana, ma hope o nā lā 3-4, ua mākaukau ka wahine no ka moe. ʻĀina kele ʻia ʻO ka wikiwiki ka wā hānau, maʻamau, maʻamau ke kaʻina hana ma mua o 10-15 mau minuke. Hōʻailona ka mea hōʻailona i kahi pēpē i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hānau ʻia kahi hōʻailona liʻiliʻi me kahi kapaʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻahuʻula huluhulu. Ma hope o 2-2,5 mahina, hoʻololi i ka pulu hulu manu i ka māmā. A hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻākoakoa nā pani a pau a hoʻopau i nā manawa āpau ma kēia ala, hiki i nā makuahine ke hānai malū a waiho i nā pēpē. Aia ka manawa o ka wā e hānai ai, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hōʻailona wahine, e ka ʻala, i kā kāna pēpē, e hānai iā ia me ka waiū, a haʻalele hou i waena o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. I ka awelika, ʻo ka wahine hānai i nā pēpē 3-4 mau mahina. Ma hope koke o ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole hōʻike ke kāne i ka makemake i ka wahine a me ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻohanau ka makuahine i nā ʻāpana wale nō, ʻaʻole ka hapa o ka makuakāne i ka hana ʻana. I ka pau ʻana o ka manawa hānai, hiki i nā ʻōpiopio ke ʻauʻau kūʻokoʻa a waiho i ka rookery i ka hiki ke hoʻi mai i kēia makahiki aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau ka nui o ke ola o 25 mau makahiki he 25-30 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wahine o kēia mau holoholona i ka 5-6 makahiki. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā i noho ai kahi hōʻailona kelepa kāne kāne i ka noho pio ʻana no nā makahiki he 41, akā ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano. Manaʻo ʻia nā makahiki maʻamau o nā ʻōlima ma kahi o 45-50 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e ola a hiki i kēia wā ma muli o ka nui o nā mea e pili ana: ke ʻano, nā maʻi like ʻole, a me ka hele ʻana o nā hoʻoweliweli waho. ʻAuhea e noho ai nā pinnipeds?E kahele ʻia nā Pinnipeds i nā wai anuanu a me ka mahana o ka loko o ka Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika, i ka moana Arctic, a i loko o ke kai o ka Antartika. Eia kekahi, noho lākou i kekahi wai kai kūloko (Lake Baikal, Onega, Ladoga, Saimaa) a me ka paʻakai (Caspian Sea). Ua emi iki ka nui o nā ʻōlelo ʻano i loko o nā wai mahana i waho o ke kapakai o ʻApelika, ʻAralia, ʻAmelika Hema, i ke Kaiʻula. Ma ka laulā, nā māka o nā kaila o ka pinnipeds i palena ka hapa nui o nā wai momona o nā kai, a ʻo ka mahana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 20 ° С. Ua hana lākou i ka nui o Indo-Malay, kahi i ʻike nui ai ka mahana. ʻAʻole noho nā lālā o nā ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā pinnipeds i loko o ka wai anuanu - he mau ʻīliki kēia. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho o nā mau ʻike i ʻike ʻia i kēia mau kau inoa, ua emi loa ka nui o ka heluna (ʻelua a me ko Mediterranean) a ʻo ke kolu o nā ʻano, ʻo ka Caribbean monk seal ua hala i hala i nā makahiki he 50 i hala. ʻIke maoliʻO ka ʻohana Phocidae he 18 mau ʻano o nā ʻīlio a me nā sila. He maʻalahi nā mākaʻikaʻi o kēia ʻohana: ʻaʻole i kūlou i ko lākou mau wāwae wāwae (nā palaka) i ke kino a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka papa, a me ka neʻe ʻana ma ka hau, ʻaʻole lākou i komo. Pupuhulu ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina, he weliweli kaona ma ka wai. Loaʻa nō hoʻi lākou i nā auricles. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau sila āpau i ka lau mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous. Hoʻokomo nā kohu hōʻailona male male ma ka uka pōhaku. ʻO kēia ʻaoʻao hema loa o nā ʻano āpau he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, nā ʻōpū ākea, nā ʻano o nā ʻīlima kūloko maoli. Nā WalrusesʻO ka ʻohana Odobenidae kahi mea hoʻokahi - walrus. Hoʻohui kēia ʻelele o ka hui pinniped i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hōʻailona paʻa maoli. ʻO ka walrus he mau pāluku kūpeʻe like ʻole (e like me nā kelima maoli) a hiki iā lākou ke lihi i mua (e like me nā hilo pepeiao. ʻO ka wahine walrus me ka cub E like me nā hōʻailona paʻa, ʻaʻohe walrus. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me nā pinnipeds a pau kēia, ʻaʻole like ka uhi o ka hulu i ka lauoho i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i nā lauoho kanaka i hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni ka iwi. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine nā elongated fangs (tusks). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o nā pinnipedsLoaʻa nā pinnipeds a pau he kino kino. He mau holoholona nui kēia. ʻO ka lōʻihi zoological pākuʻi o nā pākekeʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka 1.2 a 6.5 mika, a me ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana mai 35 kg a 6,5 tons. ʻO nā mea ʻona pūpū hulu ko lākou liʻiliʻi, a ʻo nā elepani hema. ʻElima lima o ka lima o nā pinnipeds me nā manamana lima i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka membranes, a hoʻohuli ʻia i nā pupu. ʻO ka ʻili loa he mea pokole loa, a i loko o nā walruses ʻaʻole mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. ʻO ka lauoho maʻamau o nā pākeke ke maʻamau a pōkole, kūpono. Haki ke lauoho, hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāwili a me lalo o nā mea (kahi wale no nā silahe). Hoʻopili ʻia ka hapanui o ka hapanui hou i nā lauoho mānoanoa. ʻOkoʻa ākea ka kala o ka lauoho. Pahuʻi ʻia ka pale ʻana i ke kuʻikuʻi, ua pālahalaha loa ka pua zygomatic, ua pōkole ka ʻaoʻao mua. He nui loa ka lolo, ka ʻolepela me nā convolutions he nui, kokoke i uhi piha i ka cerebellum. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka hiki ʻana o ka lolo i ka hōʻano a me ka hana naʻauao. Hoʻololiʻī ka niho i nā incisors, canines a me nā molars a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka mea hopu. I kekahi mau ʻelele (walruses) nā nui o nā fangs o luna i hoʻomohala a lilo i mau ʻeke. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā niho, i mea nui nā loko o ka mea ʻai e ʻai ai i nā iʻa. Ma ka like ʻole e ʻai ʻia e nā benthic mea ola, hele koke nā niho a hāʻule i lalo. ʻO ka helu o nā niho mai 19 a 36. Kuhi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pinnipeds e ka neʻe ʻana o nā waihona kaha o ka momona subcutaneous, e hana ana i ka hana thermal insulation. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous i ka manawa o ka momona loa o nā holoholona hiki ke hele i 8 cm cm.ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o ka ʻili momona e hana nui i loko o ka wā o ka ʻohi kai. ʻO ka mea nui o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka pinnipeds i ke kai kai, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi i nā kino sensory. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mammals, ua hoʻohuli ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, koi ke ola ola o nā ʻīlio e holomua ka maikaʻi o nā ʻatikala i loko o ka lewa a ma lalo o ka wai. Ua koi ʻia kahi ʻano nui o ka hoʻololi nei e hoʻokō i kēia mau ʻōlelo kū kuea. ʻO ka ʻike kumu nui loa o ka ʻike no nā sila hilo nā maka ʻike. He nui o lākou mau maka me ka cornea flat a me nā lens spherical nui, e hoʻonui ana i nā waiwai e nānā ana o ka maka. Maikaʻi ka maikaʻi, akā, i ka wai, ʻoiai ua hiki i ka haumāna ke pālahalaha nui. ʻO ka kornea kahi ma waho o ka maka e pale aku i nā ʻāpana o loko. Hoʻohuʻu pinepine ʻia ka uha waimaka i huna ʻia e ka nui lacrimal a pale aku i nā maka mai ka one a me ka paʻakai. Ua paʻa hoʻi nā maka o nā pinnipeds i kahi helu liʻiliʻi, e kuleana no ka ʻike pono ʻana i ke kala ma ke kukui ʻōpiopio. A ke hopena, aia kekahi mau hōʻike e pili ana ka palena o nā sila a me nā walruses i ka ʻike ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻO nā maka o nā pinnipeds i kūpono no ka ʻimi no ka waiwai ma lalo o ka wai ʻAno nā auricles i waho ma ka hapa o nā ʻano, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka acuity o nā ʻike auditory. ʻO ka maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana i nā pinnipeds, a ke lohe lākou i ka wai ma mua o ka ʻāina. Ma lalo o ka wai, ua pani ʻia nā lua pepeiao e ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻeha nui. ʻO nā kumnipeds āpau kekahi wahi i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia - vibrissae, i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i nā laina pihi i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka muzzle a he nui nā helu i ka helu, ka lōʻihi a me ke ʻano. Hana ka Vibrissas i kahi hana tactile. Ke hōʻike nei ke liona kai i kāna vibrissa. Aia kēlā me kēlā me kēia hano i kahi follicle i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka capsule hoʻohui e pili pono ana i nā nerve nerve. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumu olfactory o ka pūlima hōʻailona, akā he nui nā mea ʻala i ko lākou nohona. No ka laʻana, ʻike kekahi mau pinnipeds i kā lākou hua wale ma ka honi. I loko o ka wai, ua paʻa mau nā nostrils, a me kēia mea e pau ka manaʻo o ka honi i kāna hana. Share
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